{"id":4567,"date":"2025-12-18T03:28:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-18T03:28:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4567"},"modified":"2025-12-18T03:28:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T03:28:40","slug":"pcb-testing-items-in-pcb-manufacturing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/ar\/pcb-testing-items-in-pcb-manufacturing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCBs) \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 1: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 - \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (AOI) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (AOI) \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-2E3KCcd8to?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (E-Test): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 E-Test\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631). \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c FR-4)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 2: \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 - \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCBA). \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.einpresswire.com\/article\/871548230\/printed-circuit-board-inspection-equipment-market-2025-2029-unveiling-growth-developments-with-the-latest-updates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$3.99 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 2024 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $4.43 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 2025<\/a>, \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (AOI) \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCBAs)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ytKekJ-T4VU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (SPI)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 SPI \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 (BGAs)\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.360researchreports.com\/market-reports\/pcb-printed-circuit-board-market-211959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1.2%<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 3: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 PCBA \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (ICT): \u0646\u0647\u062c \u201c\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0631\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0631\u201d\u060c \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qwNoLyt-fYU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Flying-Probe-Testing_1.webp\" alt=\"Flying Probe Testing\" class=\"wp-image-4572\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Flying-Probe-Testing_1.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Flying-Probe-Testing_1-300x188.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Flying-Probe-Testing_1-768x480.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Flying-Probe-Testing_1-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f (JTAG\/IEEE 1149.1): \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 (ICs)\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 4: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a - \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (FCT) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (FCT): \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 FCT\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 PCBA \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed alignleft is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-9-16 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\" width=\"422\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dZuuZAmGC1M?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 5: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a - \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0639 PCBA \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (HALT)\u060c \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 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\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 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