{"id":1907,"date":"2025-08-25T02:06:36","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T02:06:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=1907"},"modified":"2025-11-06T03:12:02","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T03:12:02","slug":"flex-rigid-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/flex-rigid-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"Rigidno-fleksibilna \u0161tampana plo\u010da: Prednosti i prakti\u010dni savjeti"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1907\" class=\"elementor elementor-1907\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a84426c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a84426c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0310da0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0310da0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"195\" data-end=\"292\">S pojavom i razvojem FPC i PCB, pojavio se novi proizvod nazvan kruto-fleksibilna plo\u010da.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"195\" data-end=\"292\">\u0160ta je Rigid-Flex PCB?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"1167\">Rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de kombinuju <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/flexible-pcb\/\">fleksibilni supstrati za krugove<\/a> i krute podloge za plo\u010dice u jednoj laminiranoj strukturi. Rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010dice (rigid-flex PCBs) prelaze granice tradicionalnih krutih plo\u010dica. Tako\u0111er koriste fleksibilne krugove koji se izra\u0111uju uzorkovanjem visoko duktilnog, elektroprekrivenog ili valjano kaljenog bakra na fleksibilnim izolacionim filmovima. Rigidno-fleksibilni dizajni pokazuju neke jasne karakteristike: visoku gusto\u0107u, tanke tragove, male via-rupe, malu veli\u010dinu, malu te\u017einu i visoku pouzdanost. Njihove performanse ostaju stabilne pod utjecajem vibracija, udaraca i vla\u017enih uslova. Mogu se savijati i omogu\u0107avaju trodimenzionalno montiranje. Efikasnije koriste prostor unutar sklopljenog ure\u0111aja. Iz ovih razloga, \u0161iroko se koriste u prenosivim digitalnim proizvodima kao \u0161to su mobilni telefoni, digitalni fotoaparati i kamere. Tvrdo-fleksibilne plo\u010de \u0107e se sve vi\u0161e koristiti tamo gdje je potrebno smanjiti veli\u010dinu pakovanja, posebno u potro\u0161a\u010dkoj elektronici.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2671\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2671\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2671 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Flex-rigid-PCB-figure.webp\" alt=\"Rigid-flex boards\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Flex-rigid-PCB-figure.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Flex-rigid-PCB-figure-300x225.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2671\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1640\">U po\u010detku su osnovne ideje dizajna i proizvodni procesi za vi\u0161eslojne rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de potekli iz zrakoplovne opreme. Zrakoplovni sistemi zahtijevaju pouzdano o\u017ei\u010denje u vrlo ograni\u010denom prostoru. U nekim slo\u017eenim proizvodima rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de su koristile \u010dak vi\u0161e od 30 slojeva provodnika. S druge strane, potro\u0161a\u010dka elektronika poput telefona i digitalnih kamera oduvijek je zahtijevala o\u017ei\u010denje visoke gusto\u0107e i niske cijene. Ta potreba je potaknula pojavu novih ideja u dizajnu i novih metoda proizvodnje.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1642\" data-end=\"1936\">Vi\u0161eslojna rigid-flex plo\u010da je u su\u0161tini mje\u0161avina krutih i fleksibilnih plo\u010da. Me\u0111utim, da bi proizvo\u0111a\u010di plo\u010da pravilno spojili te dijelove, potrebne su im dobre vje\u0161tine u procesima izrade krutih i fleksibilnih tiskanih plo\u010da. Dakle, prije nego \u0161to dizajnirate ovu vrstu PCB-a, morate jasno poznavati mogu\u0107nosti i ograni\u010denja proizvo\u0111a\u010da.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"1971\">Nedostaci rigidno-fleksibilnih plo\u010da<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1973\" data-end=\"2489\">Ako samo uporedite \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/flexible-pcb\/\">fleksibilna plo\u010da<\/a> \u201d+ \u010dvrsta plo\u010da + konektor\" sa jednom rigid-flex plo\u010dom, glavni nedostatak rigid-flex plo\u010da je cijena. Rigid-flex plo\u010de \u010desto su skuplje. U nekim slu\u010dajevima opcija rigid-flex mo\u017ee biti gotovo dvostruko skuplja od odvojenih fleksibilnih i krutih plo\u010da. Me\u0111utim, ako iz usporedbe izuzmete tro\u0161ak konektora ili tro\u0161ak lemljenja HotBarom, cijene se mogu pribli\u017eiti. Da biste vidjeli stvarnu sliku tro\u0161kova, morate napraviti potpunu analizu tro\u0161kova koja obuhvata dijelove, korake sklapanja i posebne procese.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2491\" data-end=\"2775\">Jo\u0161 jedan nedostatak je monta\u017ea. SMT monta\u017ea i reflow komponenti na rigidno-fleksibilnim plo\u010dama mogu zahtijevati nosa\u010de ili stezne ure\u0111aje za podr\u0161ku fleksibilnim podru\u010djima. Kori\u0161tenje nosa\u010da pove\u0107ava tro\u0161kove SMT monta\u017ee. Nosa\u010di poma\u017eu da fleksibilni dijelovi ostanu ravni i podr\u017eani tokom pick-and-place i reflow procesa.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2777\" data-end=\"2811\">Prednosti rigidno-fleksibilnih plo\u010da<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2813\" data-end=\"2901\">Osim tro\u0161kova, rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de imaju mnogo prednosti. Evo nekih od glavnih prednosti:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"2903\" data-end=\"4339\">\n<li data-start=\"2903\" data-end=\"3320\">\n<p data-start=\"2906\" data-end=\"3320\">U\u0161tedite prostor na plo\u010di i uklonite potrebu za konektorima ili HotBar procesima<br data-start=\"2977\" data-end=\"2980\">Budu\u0107i da su fleksibilni i kruti dijelovi izvedeni kao jedan komad, mo\u017eete ukloniti konektor ili HotBar spoj. Kod dizajna visoke gusto\u0107e, u\u0161teda prostora jednog konektora je vrlo vrijedna. Uklanjanje konektora tako\u0111er smanjuje tro\u0161kove dijelova i tro\u0161kove obrade HotBarom. \u0160tavi\u0161e, razmak izme\u0111u dvije plo\u010de mo\u017ee biti znatno manji kada vam konektor nije potreban.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3322\" data-end=\"4008\">\n<p data-start=\"3325\" data-end=\"4008\">Kra\u0107i signalni putevi, ve\u0107a brzina i pobolj\u0161ana pouzdanost<br data-start=\"3385\" data-end=\"3388\">Sa odvojenim krutim plo\u010dama povezanih konektorima, signalni put izgleda ovako: plo\u010da \u2192 konektor \u2192 fleksibilni vod \u2192 konektor \u2192 plo\u010da. Sa kruto-fleksibilnom plo\u010dom to postaje: plo\u010da \u2192 fleksibilni vod \u2192 plo\u010da. Put je kra\u0107i. Signali prolaze kroz manje razli\u010ditih materijala, pa gube manje energije. Na standardnim krutim plo\u010dama tragovi su od bakra. Konektori imaju kontakte pozla\u0107ene zlatom. Zalemljeni pinovi su obi\u010dno od kalaja ili legure kalaja. Promjene signala na svakom su\u010delju materijala uzrokuju odre\u0111ene gubitke. Ako koristite rigid-flex, smanjujete broj su\u010delja. To poma\u017ee integritetu signala. Za proizvode kojima su potrebni precizni signali, rigid-flex plo\u010de pobolj\u0161avaju pouzdanost.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4010\" data-end=\"4339\">\n<p data-start=\"4013\" data-end=\"4339\">Pojednostavite sastavljanje proizvoda i u\u0161tedite vrijeme za sastavljanje<br data-start=\"4061\" data-end=\"4064\">Kori\u0161tenje rigidno-fleksibilnih plo\u010da mo\u017ee smanjiti <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-assembly\/smt-assembly\/\">SMT<\/a> i vrijeme kona\u010dne monta\u017ee. Postavljate manje konektora. Tako\u0111er uklanjate korak monta\u017ee umetanja fleksibilnog kabela u konektor ili korak lemljenja HotBar metodom. Manje dijelova zna\u010di kra\u0107i popis materijala (BOM). To smanjuje zalihe i posao upravljanja dijelovima.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-start=\"4341\" data-end=\"4409\">Kako se razlikuju proizvodnja i sklapanje fleksibilnih i rigidno-fleksibilnih plo\u010da<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4411\" data-end=\"4749\">Glavni SMT proces je sli\u010dan za sve vrste plo\u010da. Fleksibilni krugovi, rigid-flex plo\u010de i krute plo\u010de prolaze kroz postavljanje komponenti i reflow lemljenje koje koristi pastu za lemljenje. Me\u0111utim, fleksibilne i rigid-flex plo\u010de imaju posebne potrebe. Ako se ove dodatne potrebe ne zadovolje pa\u017eljivo tokom proizvodnje, nai\u0107i \u0107ete na velike probleme.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4751\" data-end=\"4779\">1. \u0160tampanje paste za lemljenje<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4781\" data-end=\"5426\">Kao i kod krutih tiskanih plo\u010dica, koristite \u0161ablonu i printer za pastu za lemljenje kako biste nanijeli pastu na fleksibilne i kruto-fleksibilne plo\u010dice. Mnogi operateri SMT-a brinu o kontroli dimenzija i krhkosti fleksibilnih plo\u010dica. Za razliku od krutih plo\u010dica, povr\u0161ine fleksibilnih plo\u010dica nisu ravne. Stoga su vam potrebni dr\u017ea\u010di i rupe za poravnanje kako biste ih dr\u017eali na mjestu. Tako\u0111er, materijali fleksibilnih kola mijenjaju veli\u010dinu pod utjecajem temperature i vla\u017enosti. U nekim uvjetima mogu se rastegnuti ili naborati za oko 0,001 in\u010da po in\u010du. Ta rastezanja i nabori uzrokuju pomake u polo\u017eaju plo\u010de u X i Y osi. Iz tog razloga, postavljanje komponenti na fleksibilne plo\u010de \u010desto zahtijeva manje nosa\u010de ili posebne alate nego SMT na krutim plo\u010dama.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"5428\" data-end=\"5458\">2. Postavljanje SMT komponenti<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5460\" data-end=\"5842\">Danas komponente postaju sve manje. Mali dijelovi mogu uzrokovati probleme pri reflowu ako povr\u0161ina plo\u010dice nije ravna. Ako je fleksibilna plo\u010dica mala, promjene dimenzija mogu biti manji problem, ali vam i dalje mogu trebati manji SMT nosa\u010di ili dodatne fiducijalne oznake. Ako nosa\u010d nije ravan, vidjet \u0107ete pomake pri postavljanju. Dobar SMT dr\u017ea\u010d poma\u017ee odr\u017eati povr\u0161inu za postavljanje ravnom i stabilnom.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"5844\" data-end=\"5867\">3. Talasno lemljenje<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5869\" data-end=\"6249\">Prije reflow-a, fleksibilni krugovi moraju biti osu\u0161eni. Ovo je klju\u010dna razlika izme\u0111u monta\u017ee fleksibilnih i krutih plo\u010da. Fleksibilni materijali upijaju vlagu poput spu\u017eve. Mogu dobiti do otprilike 31 TP3T svoje te\u017eine od vlage. Jednom kada fleksibilna plo\u010da upije vlagu, ne mo\u017eete je reflow-ati bez prethodnog su\u0161enja. I krute plo\u010de tako\u0111er imaju ovaj problem, ali bolje podnose odre\u0111enu koli\u010dinu vlage.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6251\" data-end=\"6613\">Fleksibilni krugovi zahtijevaju predpe\u010denje na otprilike 225\u00b0F do 250\u00b0F (oko 107\u00b0C do 121\u00b0C) u kratkom vremenskom periodu, idealno zavr\u0161eno u roku od jednog sata. Ako ne osu\u0161ite fleksibilni sloj na vrijeme, morate \u010duvati plo\u010de u suhoj kutiji ili u skladi\u0161tu pod du\u0161ikom dok se ne ispeku. Pravilno su\u0161enje sprje\u010dava o\u0161te\u0107enja uzrokovana stvaranjem pare tijekom reflow-a, poput delaminacije ili mjehuri\u0107a.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"6615\" data-end=\"6651\">Primjene kruto-fleksibilnih plo\u010da<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"6653\" data-end=\"7041\">Rigidno-fleksibilne tiskane plo\u010de kombinuju izdr\u017eljivost krutih plo\u010da s prilagodljivo\u0161\u0107u fleksibilnih plo\u010da. Me\u0111u svim vrstama tiskanih plo\u010da, rigidno-fleksibilne su najrobusnije za surova okru\u017eenja. Zbog te \u010dvrsto\u0107e, rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de su popularne u industrijskoj kontroli, medicinskim ure\u0111ajima i vojnoj opremi. Proizvo\u0111a\u010di s kopna tako\u0111er pove\u0107avaju udio rigidno-fleksibilnih plo\u010da u ukupnoj proizvodnji.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2673\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2673\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2673 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rig-Flex-PCB-are-applied-in-industrial-control.webp\" alt=\"Rigid-flex boards are applied in industrial control\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rig-Flex-PCB-are-applied-in-industrial-control.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rig-Flex-PCB-are-applied-in-industrial-control-300x225.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2673\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de se primjenjuju u industrijskoj kontroli.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-start=\"7043\" data-end=\"7077\">Tipi\u010dna podru\u010dja primjene uklju\u010duju:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"7079\" data-end=\"8680\">\n<li data-start=\"7079\" data-end=\"7434\">\n<p data-start=\"7082\" data-end=\"7434\">Industrijska upotreba \u2014 Ovo uklju\u010duje industrijske ma\u0161ine, vojnu opremu i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medicinski ure\u0111aji<\/a>. Ovi dijelovi zahtijevaju preciznost, sigurnost i izdr\u017eljivost. Rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de za ova podru\u010dja moraju pru\u017eiti visoku pouzdanost, visoku preciznost, niske gubitke na impedanciji, potpunu kvalitetu signala i dug vijek trajanja. Ali proces je slo\u017een, iskoristivost je niska, a jedini\u010dna cijena je visoka.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7436\" data-end=\"7620\">\n<p data-start=\"7439\" data-end=\"7620\">Mobilni telefoni \u2014 U telefonima se rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de pojavljuju u zglobnim podru\u010djima preklopnih telefona, modulima kamera, tipkovnicama i RF modulima. One podnose ponovljeno savijanje i sku\u010den prostor za monta\u017eu.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7622\" data-end=\"8220\">\n<p data-start=\"7625\" data-end=\"8220\">Potro\u0161a\u010dka elektronika \u2014 digitalni fotoaparati (DSC) i digitalni video (DV) proizvodi tipi\u010dni su potro\u0161a\u010dki artikli koji koriste rigid-flex. Rigid-flex mo\u017eemo posmatrati iz dva ugla: performansi i strukture. Sa strane performansi, rigid-flex mo\u017ee povezati razli\u010dite krute plo\u010de i module u tri dimenzije. Dakle, sa istom gusto\u0107om tragova pove\u0107avate upotrebljivu povr\u0161inu kola. To pove\u0107ava nosivost kola i smanjuje ograni\u010denja signalnog puta i gre\u0161ke pri sklapanju. Sa strukturalne strane, rigid-flex plo\u010de su lagane i tanke i omogu\u0107avaju fleksibilno usmjeravanje. Poma\u017eu u smanjenju veli\u010dine i te\u017eine.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8222\" data-end=\"8680\">\n<p data-start=\"8225\" data-end=\"8680\">Automobilski \u2014 U automobilima se koriste rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de za glavne prekida\u010de na upravlja\u010du, veze izme\u0111u ekrana u vozilu i kontrolnih plo\u010da, klju\u010devi za upravljanje vratima, kontrole audio ure\u0111aja u automobilu, sistemi parkirnih radara i kamera, brojni senzori (kvalitet zraka, temperatura i vla\u017enost, detekcija i kontrola plina), komunikacijski sistemi vozila, satelitska navigacija, veze za kontrolere zadnjih sjedi\u0161ta, plo\u010de prednjih kontrolnih jedinica, pa \u010dak i sistemi za vanjsko detektovanje.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-start=\"8682\" data-end=\"8727\">Materijali za vi\u0161eslojne rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"8729\" data-end=\"8899\">Ispod je jednostavna tabela uobi\u010dajenih materijala koji se koriste za izradu vi\u0161eslojnih rigidno-fleksibilnih plo\u010da. Navodim potreban materijal, tradicionalni izbor i opcije za ve\u0107e performanse.<\/p>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_sk2ct_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_sk2ct_13 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"8901\" data-end=\"9632\">\n<thead data-start=\"8901\" data-end=\"8967\">\n<tr data-start=\"8901\" data-end=\"8967\">\n<th data-start=\"8901\" data-end=\"8917\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Potrebni materijal<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8917\" data-end=\"8940\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Tradicionalni materijal<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8940\" data-end=\"8967\" data-col-size=\"md\">Materijal visokih performansi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"8982\" data-end=\"9632\">\n<tr data-start=\"8982\" data-end=\"9057\">\n<td data-start=\"8982\" data-end=\"9008\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Fleksibilni supstrat (FCCL)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9008\" data-end=\"9037\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Tradicionalni poliamidni film<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9037\" data-end=\"9057\" data-col-size=\"md\">Novi poliamidni film<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9058\" data-end=\"9206\">\n<td data-start=\"9058\" data-end=\"9087\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Dvostrani bakreni laminat<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9087\" data-end=\"9146\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Poliamidno jezgro s akrilnim ljepilom (ili epoksidnim ljepilom)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9146\" data-end=\"9206\" data-col-size=\"md\">Poliamidni laminat bez ljepila (liveni tip ili laminirani tip)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9207\" data-end=\"9333\">\n<td data-start=\"9207\" data-end=\"9216\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Prekriva\u010d<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9216\" data-end=\"9278\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Tradicionalni poliamid premazan akrilnim ili epoksidnim ljepilom<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9278\" data-end=\"9333\" data-col-size=\"md\">Novi poliamid premazan toploplavivim poliamidnim ljepilom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9334\" data-end=\"9538\">\n<td data-start=\"9334\" data-end=\"9363\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Ljepljiva folija (folija za spajanje)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9363\" data-end=\"9470\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Akrilni smolni ljepljivi film, epoksidni ljepljivi film, poliamidni film oblo\u017een s obje strane akrilnim ljepilom<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9470\" data-end=\"9538\" data-col-size=\"md\">Novi poliamidni film premazan na obje strane termoplasti\u010dnom poliamidnom smolom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9539\" data-end=\"9632\">\n<td data-start=\"9539\" data-end=\"9561\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Rigidni supstrat (CCL)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9561\" data-end=\"9581\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Staklo-epoksid (FR4)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9581\" data-end=\"9632\" data-col-size=\"md\">Stakleno-BT smolna plo\u010da, stakleno-poliamidna smolna plo\u010da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"9634\" data-end=\"9841\">Tabela iznad navodi nekoliko materijala koji su neophodni pri izradi rigid-flex plo\u010da. Va\u017eno je napomenuti da se s napretkom tehnologije performanse ovih materijala zna\u010dajno pobolj\u0161ale.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2672\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2672\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2672 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/polyimide-film.webp\" alt=\"polyimide film\" width=\"700\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/polyimide-film.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/polyimide-film-300x142.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2672\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">poliamidna folija<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-start=\"9843\" data-end=\"10300\">Materijali moraju imati visoku otpornost na toplinu i dobru dimenzionalnu stabilnost pri zagrijavanju. Za oblasti visoke pouzdanosti, poput vojne i zrakoplovne industrije, preporu\u010dujemo kori\u0161tenje debljeg poliamidnog filma (ve\u0107eg od 50 \u03bcm). U tim podru\u010djima osnovni materijal mora imati sna\u017enu stabilnost i izdr\u017eljivost tokom obrade. Suprotno tome, potro\u0161a\u010dka elektronika \u010desto te\u017ei da bude tanja i lak\u0161a. Tamo proizvo\u0111a\u010di obi\u010dno koriste tanje dielektrike (manje od 50 \u03bcm).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10302\" data-end=\"10595\">Me\u0111u ljepljivim laminatima oblo\u017eenim bakrom, presvlakama i filmskim ljepilima, akrilna ljepila imaju ve\u0107u \u010dvrsto\u0107u veze, ali ne\u0161to ni\u017eu otpornost na toplinu i ve\u0107u skupljanost. Epoksidna ljepila nude bolju otpornost na toplinu, ali se du\u017ee o\u010dvr\u0161\u0107avaju i ponekad imaju ne\u0161to slabiju \u010dvrsto\u0107u veze.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10597\" data-end=\"10966\">Kori\u0161tenje lijevanog ili pod pritiskom laminiranog bakrenog laminata bez ljepila obi\u010dno pru\u017ea ve\u0107u otpornost na toplinu i ni\u017ei koeficijent toplinske ekspanzije (CTE). Ovi materijali tako\u0111er poma\u017eu smanjiti kona\u010dnu debljinu plo\u010de i mogu zna\u010dajno smanjiti mrlje od smole pri bu\u0161enju. Me\u0111utim, materijal bez ljepila zahtijeva obradu na temperaturi iznad 300 \u00b0C i zahtijeva posebnu opremu i kontrolu procesa.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"10968\" data-end=\"10971\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"12ea7e37-a0d3-42bb-b2b9-af7f7cf85820\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-t-mini\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words dark markdown-new-styling\">\n<h2 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"59\">Kada biste trebali koristiti rigidno-fleksibilnu plo\u010du za prototipiranje PCB-a?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"61\" data-end=\"330\">Rigidno-fleksibilna plo\u010da nastaje spajanjem fleksibilnog kruga i krute plo\u010de te zajedni\u010dkom obradom. Kona\u010dna plo\u010da ima karakteristike i FPC-a i PCB-a. Rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de su skuplje, ali vrlo svestrane. Mo\u017eete ih prilagoditi za mnoge industrije i razli\u010dite primjene.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"374\">Kada odabrati rigid-flex za prototipiranje:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"1216\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"579\">\n<p data-start=\"379\" data-end=\"579\">Okru\u017eenja s visokim udarima i visokim vibracijama.<br data-start=\"422\" data-end=\"425\">Rigidno-fleksibilne plo\u010de otporne su na udarce i vibracije. Koristite ih kada proizvod mora raditi pod velikim optere\u0107enjem i ostati stabilan. Ako to ne u\u010dinite, ure\u0111aj mo\u017ee otkazati.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"581\" data-end=\"798\">\n<p data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"798\">Visokoprecizne primjene u kojima je pouzdanost va\u017enija od tro\u0161kova.<br data-start=\"653\" data-end=\"656\">Ako bi kvar kabela ili konektora mogao biti opasan, odaberite izdr\u017eljiviju kruto-fleksibilnu plo\u010du. Ona smanjuje broj konektora i slabih ta\u010daka.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"988\">\n<p data-start=\"803\" data-end=\"988\">Dizajni visoke gusto\u0107e.<br data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"827\">Neke komponente nemaju dovoljno povr\u0161ine za sve potrebne konektore i kablove. U tom slu\u010daju, rigid-flex plo\u010da \u0161tedi prostor i rje\u0161ava problem rasporeda.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1216\" data-is-last-node=\"\">\n<p data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1216\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Dizajni kojima bi ina\u010de bilo potrebno mnogo krutih plo\u010da.<br data-start=\"1045\" data-end=\"1048\">Ako proizvod zahtijeva \u010detiri ili vi\u0161e povezanih krutih plo\u010da, njihova zamjena jednom kruto-fleksibilnom plo\u010dom \u010desto je najbolji izbor. To mo\u017ee biti ukupno isplativije.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"10968\" data-end=\"10971\">\n<h3 data-start=\"10973\" data-end=\"11040\">Bilje\u0161ke i dodatni savjeti za dizajnere i kupce&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"11042\" data-end=\"12808\">\n<li data-start=\"11042\" data-end=\"11338\">\n<p data-start=\"11045\" data-end=\"11338\">Rano razgovarajte s proizvo\u0111a\u010dem plo\u010da. Recite im koliko tvrdih i fleksibilnih slojeva planirate, gdje su podru\u010dja savijanja i koliko ciklusa savijanja plo\u010da mora izdr\u017eati. Tako\u0111er im navedite ciljanu impedanciju i zahtjeve za visokom brzinom. Proizvo\u0111a\u010d vam potom mo\u017ee re\u0107i je li dizajn izvodljiv i koja su ograni\u010denja.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11340\" data-end=\"11633\">\n<p data-start=\"11343\" data-end=\"11633\">Dr\u017eite podru\u010dja savijanja slobodnim od krutih dijelova i te\u0161kih komponenti. Koristite jasne linije savijanja i dr\u017eite tragove blizu neutralne osi kad god je to mogu\u0107e. Tragovi u podru\u010djima savijanja trebaju biti dovoljno \u0161iroki i slijediti dobra pravila savijanja. Izbjegavajte plitirane prolazne rupe u ponovljenim podru\u010djima savijanja, osim ako ne koristite posebne dizajne.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11635\" data-end=\"11828\">\n<p data-start=\"11638\" data-end=\"11828\">Dizajn za monta\u017eu. Ako o\u010dekujete SMT na fleksibilnom podru\u010dju, planirajte nosa\u010de, fiducijalne oznake i faze pe\u010denja. Ozna\u010dite podru\u010dja kojima su potrebni oja\u010diva\u010di i mjesta na kojima \u0107ete koristiti ljepila za potporu komponentama.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11830\" data-end=\"12029\">\n<p data-start=\"11833\" data-end=\"12029\">Odaberite materijale prema potrebama. Koristite deblji poliamid i \u010dvr\u0161\u0107e bazne materijale za vojne ili medicinske primjene. Koristite tanke dielektrike za telefone i lagane potro\u0161a\u010dke proizvode ako vam je potreban nizak te\u017eak i mala veli\u010dina.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12031\" data-end=\"12295\">\n<p data-start=\"12034\" data-end=\"12295\">Tro\u0161kovne kompromise. Rigid-flex mo\u017ee smanjiti broj dijelova za monta\u017eu i konektora, ali sama plo\u010da mo\u017ee biti skuplja. Napravite cjelovitu analizu tro\u0161kova sistema. \u010cesto se ukupni tro\u0161ak sistema smanjuje kada uklonite konektore i povezane korake monta\u017ee. Tako\u0111er uzmite u obzir tro\u0161kove popravke i testiranja.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12297\" data-end=\"12504\">\n<p data-start=\"12300\" data-end=\"12504\">Obavite stresne testove. Ako \u0107e va\u0161 proizvod biti izlo\u017een vibracijama, udarima, toploti ili vlazi, rano testirajte rigidno-fleksibilnu plo\u010du. Testovi ciklusa, toplotni \u0161ok i testovi vla\u017enosti otkrit \u0107e probleme prije masovne proizvodnje.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12506\" data-end=\"12647\">\n<p data-start=\"12509\" data-end=\"12647\">Planirajte alate. Sura\u0111ujte s proizvo\u0111a\u010dem PCB-a kako biste isplanirali jigove, nosa\u010de i rasporede pe\u010denja. Pravilni alati smanjuju broj nedostataka i gre\u0161aka pri postavljanju.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12649\" data-end=\"12808\">\n<p data-start=\"12652\" data-end=\"12808\">Dokumentacija. Osigurajte jasne mehani\u010dke nacrte, stackup, pravila savijanja i mape slojeva. Poka\u017eite gdje idu rebrasti poja\u010danja i gdje fleksibilni repovi izlaze iz krute zone.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-q7nm0np elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"q7nm0np\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\" data-id=\"7882748\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fc6712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010cesto postavljana pitanja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"631b990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0160ta je fleksibilna-rigidna \u0161tampana plo\u010dica?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\"><p>Fleksibilno-rigidna tiskane plo\u010dice (flex-rigid PCB) spaja fleksibilne i krute slojeve tiskane plo\u010dice u jednu strukturu. Ona nudi i savitljiva podru\u010dja i \u010dvrste dijelove, \u0161to \u0161tedi prostor, smanjuje broj konektora i pobolj\u0161ava pouzdanost.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Koje su prednosti fleksibilnih i krutih tiskanih plo\u010dica?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\"><p data-start=\"345\" data-end=\"430\">Glavne prednosti uklju\u010duju:<\/p><ul data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"655\"><li data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"488\"><p data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"488\">\u0160tednja prostora bez potrebe za konektorima ili toplim \u0161ipkama.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"539\"><p data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"539\">Kra\u0107i signalni putevi za manji gubitak i ka\u0161njenje.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"597\"><p data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"597\">Ve\u0107a pouzdanost i izdr\u017eljivost u slo\u017eenim dizajnima.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"655\"><p data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"655\">Pojednostavljen proces sklapanja, smanjuju\u0107i radnu snagu i vrijeme.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Postoje li nedostaci kod fleksibilnih i krutih tiskanih plo\u010dica?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\"><p data-start=\"662\" data-end=\"956\">Da. U pore\u0111enju sa standardnim krutim ili fleksibilnim tiskanim plo\u010dicama, obi\u010dno su skuplji. SMT monta\u017ea na fleksibilnim podru\u010djima zahtijeva posebne nosa\u010de. Fleksibilni materijali su tako\u0111er osjetljivi na toplinu i vlagu, \u0161to mo\u017ee uzrokovati \u0161irenje ili skupljanje.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Gdje se koriste fleksibilno-rigidne tiskane plo\u010dice?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\"><p data-start=\"963\" data-end=\"1041\">\u0160iroko se primjenjuju u:<\/p><ul data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1284\"><li data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1103\"><p data-start=\"1044\" data-end=\"1103\">Potro\u0161a\u010dka elektronika (mobiteli, kamere, nosivi ure\u0111aji).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1176\"><p data-start=\"1106\" data-end=\"1176\">Automobilska elektronika (kontrole na volanu, displeji, senzori).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1222\"><p data-start=\"1179\" data-end=\"1222\">Industrijska oprema i medicinski ure\u0111aji.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1284\"><p data-start=\"1225\" data-end=\"1284\">Odbrambeni i zrakoplovni sistemi koji zahtijevaju visoku pouzdanost.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0160ta bi dizajneri trebali uzeti u obzir kod fleksibilno-rigidnih \u0161tampanih plo\u010dica?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\"><p data-start=\"1291\" data-end=\"1385\">Va\u017eni savjeti uklju\u010duju:<\/p><ol data-start=\"1386\" data-end=\"1778\"><li data-start=\"1386\" data-end=\"1499\"><p data-start=\"1389\" data-end=\"1499\">Rano komunicirajte s proizvo\u0111a\u010dem PCB-a o broju slojeva, podru\u010djima savijanja, impedansi i potrebama pouzdanosti.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1500\" data-end=\"1583\"><p data-start=\"1503\" data-end=\"1583\">Izbjegavajte te\u0161ke komponente u zoni savijanja i vodite tragove du\u017e neutralne osi.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1584\" data-end=\"1636\"><p data-start=\"1587\" data-end=\"1636\">Koristite potporne nosa\u010de za SMT na fleksibilnim podru\u010djima.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1637\" data-end=\"1721\"><p data-start=\"1640\" data-end=\"1721\">Odaberite materijale na osnovu zahtjeva za performanse (visoka pouzdanost naspram tro\u0161kova).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1722\" data-end=\"1778\"><p data-start=\"1725\" data-end=\"1778\">Uzmite u obzir ukupne tro\u0161kove sistema, a ne samo cijenu PCB-a.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0160ta uti\u010de na rok isporuke i tro\u0161kove fleksibilno-tvrdih tiskanih plo\u010dica?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1036\"><p>Glavni faktori koji uti\u010du na tro\u0161kove su broj slojeva, broj prijelaza iz krutog u fleksibilno stanje, specijalni materijali, slo\u017eenost panelizacije i potrebna ispitivanja. Vi\u0161e slojeva, mali radijusi savijanja i prilago\u0111eni oja\u010diva\u010di pove\u0107avaju tro\u0161kove i vrijeme. Prototipne serije i male serije \u010desto zahtijevaju alate ili stezne ure\u0111aje, \u0161to produ\u017euje rok isporuke. Da biste smanjili tro\u0161kove, konsolidovali karakteristike, standardizovali materijale i rano razgovarali sa svojim dobavlja\u010dem o kompromisima u rokovima isporuke.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With the birth and development of FPC and PCB, a new product called rigid-flex board has emerged. What is Rigid-Flex [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1907","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"spectra_custom_meta":{"_edit_lock":["1762399260:1"],"_uag_custom_page_level_css":[""],"site-sidebar-layout":["no-sidebar"],"site-content-layout":[""],"ast-site-content-layout":["full-width-container"],"site-content-style":["default"],"site-sidebar-style":["default"],"ast-global-header-display":[""],"ast-banner-title-visibility":[""],"ast-main-header-display":[""],"ast-hfb-above-header-display":[""],"ast-hfb-below-header-display":[""],"ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":[""],"ast-breadcrumbs-content":[""],"ast-featured-img":["disabled"],"footer-sml-layout":[""],"theme-transparent-header-meta":[""],"adv-header-id-meta":[""],"stick-header-meta":[""],"header-above-stick-meta":[""],"header-main-stick-meta":[""],"header-below-stick-meta":[""],"astra-migrate-meta-layouts":["default"],"ast-page-background-enabled":["default"],"ast-page-background-meta":["a:3:{s:7:\"desktop\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-5)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"tablet\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"mobile\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"ast-content-background-meta":["a:3:{s:7:\"desktop\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"tablet\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"mobile\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-page"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"a84426c\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"flex_direction\":\"column\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"d67a769\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"0310da0\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p data-start=\\\"195\\\" data-end=\\\"292\\\">With the birth and development of FPC and PCB, a new product called rigid-flex board has emerged.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"195\\\" data-end=\\\"292\\\">What is Rigid-Flex PCB\\uff1f<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"294\\\" data-end=\\\"1167\\\">Rigid-flex boards combine <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-manufacturer\\\/flexible-pcb\\\/\\\">flexible circuit substrates<\\\/a> and rigid circuit substrates in one laminated structure. Rigid-flex PCBs cross the boundaries of traditional rigid PCBs. They also use flexible circuits that are made by patterning highly ductile, electrodeposited or rolled-annealed copper on flexible insulating films. Rigid-flex designs show some clear traits: high density, fine traces, small vias, small size, light weight, and high reliability. Their performance stays stable under vibration, shock, and humid conditions. They can bend, and they allow three-dimensional mounting. They use space inside an assembly more effectively. For these reasons, they are widely used in portable digital products such as mobile phones, digital cameras, and camcorders. Rigid-flex boards will be used more where package size must be reduced, especially in consumer electronics.<\\\/p>\\n[caption id=\\\"attachment_2671\\\" align=\\\"aligncenter\\\" width=\\\"700\\\"]<img class=\\\"wp-image-2671 size-full\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Flex-rigid-PCB-figure.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Rigid-flex boards\\\" width=\\\"700\\\" height=\\\"525\\\"> Rigid-flex boards[\\\/caption]\\n<p data-start=\\\"1169\\\" data-end=\\\"1640\\\">At first, the basic design ideas and manufacturing processes for multilayer rigid-flex boards came from aerospace equipment. Aerospace systems need reliable wiring inside very limited space. In some complex products, rigid-flex boards have even used more than 30 conductor layers. On the other hand, consumer electronics like phones and digital cameras always needed high density and low cost wiring. That need pushed new design ideas and manufacturing methods to appear.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1642\\\" data-end=\\\"1936\\\">A multilayer rigid-flex board is basically a mix of rigid boards and flex boards. But for board makers to join them well, they need good skills in both rigid PCB and flexible PCB processes. So, before designing this type of PCB, you must clearly know the manufacturer\\u2019s capabilities and limits.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"1938\\\" data-end=\\\"1971\\\">Drawbacks of rigid-flex boards<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1973\\\" data-end=\\\"2489\\\">If you only compare \\u201c<a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-manufacturer\\\/flexible-pcb\\\/\\\">flex board<\\\/a> + rigid board + connector\\u201d with a single rigid-flex board, the main drawback of rigid-flex boards is cost. Rigid-flex boards often cost more. In some cases, the rigid-flex option may be almost twice the price of separate flex and rigid boards. However, if you remove the connector cost or the HotBar soldering cost from the comparison, the price can become close. To see the real cost picture, you must do a full cost analysis that counts parts, assembly steps, and special processes.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2491\\\" data-end=\\\"2775\\\">Another downside is assembly. SMT mounting and reflow of components on rigid-flex boards may require carriers or fixtures to support the flexible areas. Using carriers adds to SMT assembly cost. Carriers help keep the flex portions flat and supported during pick-and-place and reflow.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"2777\\\" data-end=\\\"2811\\\">Advantages of rigid-flex boards<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2813\\\" data-end=\\\"2901\\\">Beyond cost, rigid-flex boards have many advantages. Here are some of the main benefits:<\\\/p>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"2903\\\" data-end=\\\"4339\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"2903\\\" data-end=\\\"3320\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"2906\\\" data-end=\\\"3320\\\">Save board space and remove the need for connectors or HotBar processes<br data-start=\\\"2977\\\" data-end=\\\"2980\\\">Because the flex and rigid parts are one piece, you can remove a connector or a HotBar joint. For high density designs, losing the space of one connector is very valuable. Removing connectors also lowers parts cost and the cost of HotBar processing. Moreover, the gap between two boards can be much smaller when you do not need a connector.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"3322\\\" data-end=\\\"4008\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"3325\\\" data-end=\\\"4008\\\">Shorter signal paths, higher speed, and improved reliability<br data-start=\\\"3385\\\" data-end=\\\"3388\\\">With separate rigid boards joined by connectors, a signal path looks like: board \\u2192 connector \\u2192 flex \\u2192 connector \\u2192 board. With a rigid-flex board it becomes: board \\u2192 flex \\u2192 board. The path is shorter. Signals cross fewer different materials, so they lose less energy. On standard rigid boards, traces are copper. Connectors have gold plated contacts. Soldered pins are usually tin or tin alloy. Signal changes at each material interface cause some loss. If you use rigid-flex, you reduce the number of interfaces. That helps signal integrity. For products that need precise signals, rigid-flex boards improve reliability.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"4010\\\" data-end=\\\"4339\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"4013\\\" data-end=\\\"4339\\\">Simplify product assembly and save assembly time<br data-start=\\\"4061\\\" data-end=\\\"4064\\\">Using rigid-flex boards can reduce <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/smt-assembly\\\/\\\">SMT<\\\/a> and final assembly time. You place fewer connectors. You also remove the assembly step of inserting a flex into a connector or the HotBar soldering step. Fewer parts means a shorter BOM. That reduces inventory and parts management work.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"4341\\\" data-end=\\\"4409\\\">How production and assembly differ for flex and rigid-flex boards<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4411\\\" data-end=\\\"4749\\\">The main SMT process is similar for all board types. Flexible circuits, rigid-flex boards, and rigid boards all go through component placement and reflow soldering that uses solder paste. But flexible boards and rigid-flex boards have special needs. If these extra needs are not met carefully during production, you will get big problems.<\\\/p>\\n<h3 data-start=\\\"4751\\\" data-end=\\\"4779\\\">1. Solder paste printing<\\\/h3>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4781\\\" data-end=\\\"5426\\\">Like rigid PCBs, you use a stencil and a solder paste printer to apply solder paste to flex and rigid-flex boards. Many SMT operators worry about size control and the fragility of flex boards. Unlike rigid boards, flex board surfaces are not flat. So you need fixtures and alignment holes to hold them in place. Also, flexible circuit materials change size with temperature and humidity. They can stretch or wrinkle by about 0.001 inch per inch under some conditions. These stretches and wrinkles cause shifts in the board position in X and Y. For this reason, flex placement often needs smaller carriers or special tooling than rigid board SMT.<\\\/p>\\n<h3 data-start=\\\"5428\\\" data-end=\\\"5458\\\">2. SMT component placement<\\\/h3>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5460\\\" data-end=\\\"5842\\\">Today, components are getting smaller. Small parts can cause problems in reflow if the board surface is not flat. If a flex circuit is small, dimensional changes may be less of a problem, but you may still need smaller SMT carriers or extra fiducial marks. If a carrier is not flat, you will see placement shifts. A good SMT fixture helps keep the placement surface flat and steady.<\\\/p>\\n<h3 data-start=\\\"5844\\\" data-end=\\\"5867\\\">3. Reflow soldering<\\\/h3>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5869\\\" data-end=\\\"6249\\\">Before reflow, flexible circuits must be dried. This is a key difference between flex and rigid board assembly. Flex materials absorb moisture like a sponge. They can gain up to about 3% of their weight from moisture. Once a flex board soaks up moisture, you cannot reflow it without drying first. Rigid boards also have this issue, but rigid boards tolerate some moisture better.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6251\\\" data-end=\\\"6613\\\">Flexible circuits require a pre-bake at roughly 225\\u00b0F to 250\\u00b0F (about 107\\u00b0C to 121\\u00b0C) for a short time, ideally finished within one hour. If you do not dry the flex in time, you must store the boards in a dry box or in nitrogen storage until they are baked. Proper drying prevents damage caused by steam formation during reflow, such as delamination or blisters.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"6615\\\" data-end=\\\"6651\\\">Applications of rigid-flex boards<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6653\\\" data-end=\\\"7041\\\">Rigid-flex PCBs combine the durability of rigid boards with the adaptability of flexible boards. Among all PCB types, rigid-flex is the most robust for harsh environments. Because of that strength, rigid-flex boards are popular in industrial control, medical devices, and military equipment. Mainland manufacturers are also increasing the share of rigid-flex boards in their total output.<\\\/p>\\n[caption id=\\\"attachment_2673\\\" align=\\\"aligncenter\\\" width=\\\"700\\\"]<img class=\\\"wp-image-2673 size-full\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Rig-Flex-PCB-are-applied-in-industrial-control.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Rigid-flex boards are applied in industrial control\\\" width=\\\"700\\\" height=\\\"525\\\"> Rigid-flex boards are applied in industrial control[\\\/caption]\\n<p data-start=\\\"7043\\\" data-end=\\\"7077\\\">Typical application areas include:<\\\/p>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"7079\\\" data-end=\\\"8680\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"7079\\\" data-end=\\\"7434\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"7082\\\" data-end=\\\"7434\\\">Industrial use \\u2014 This includes industrial machines, military equipment, and <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fda.gov\\\/medical-devices\\\">medical devices<\\\/a>. These parts need precision, safety, and durability. Rigid-flex boards for these fields must deliver high reliability, high precision, low impedance loss, complete signal quality, and long life. But the process is complex, output is low, and unit cost is high.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"7436\\\" data-end=\\\"7620\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"7439\\\" data-end=\\\"7620\\\">Mobile phones \\u2014 In phones, rigid-flex boards appear in hinge areas of folding phones, camera modules, keypads, and RF modules. They handle repeated bending and tight assembly space.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"7622\\\" data-end=\\\"8220\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"7625\\\" data-end=\\\"8220\\\">Consumer electronics \\u2014 Digital still cameras (DSC) and digital video (DV) products are typical consumer items that use rigid-flex. We can look at rigid-flex from two angles: performance and structure. From the performance side, rigid-flex can link different rigid boards and modules in three dimensions. So with the same line density you increase the usable circuit area. That raises the circuit carrying capacity and reduces signal path limits and assembly mistakes. From the structure side, rigid-flex boards are light and thin and allow flexible routing. They help shrink size and cut weight.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"8222\\\" data-end=\\\"8680\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"8225\\\" data-end=\\\"8680\\\">Automotive \\u2014 In cars, rigid-flex boards are used for key switches on the steering wheel, connections between in-vehicle screens and control boards, door control keys, car audio controls, parking radar camera systems, many sensors (air quality, temperature and humidity, gas detection and control), vehicle communication systems, satellite navigation, connections for rear seat controllers, front end controller boards, and even external detection systems.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"8682\\\" data-end=\\\"8727\\\">Materials for multilayer rigid-flex boards<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"8729\\\" data-end=\\\"8899\\\">Below is a simple table of common materials used to make multilayer rigid-flex boards. I list the needed material, the traditional choice, and higher performance choices.<\\\/p>\\n<div class=\\\"_tableContainer_sk2ct_1\\\">\\n<div class=\\\"_tableWrapper_sk2ct_13 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\">\\n<table class=\\\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\\\" data-start=\\\"8901\\\" data-end=\\\"9632\\\">\\n<thead data-start=\\\"8901\\\" data-end=\\\"8967\\\">\\n<tr data-start=\\\"8901\\\" data-end=\\\"8967\\\">\\n<th data-start=\\\"8901\\\" data-end=\\\"8917\\\" data-col-size=\\\"sm\\\">Needed material<\\\/th>\\n<th data-start=\\\"8917\\\" data-end=\\\"8940\\\" data-col-size=\\\"lg\\\">Traditional material<\\\/th>\\n<th data-start=\\\"8940\\\" data-end=\\\"8967\\\" data-col-size=\\\"md\\\">High performance material<\\\/th>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n<\\\/thead>\\n<tbody data-start=\\\"8982\\\" data-end=\\\"9632\\\">\\n<tr data-start=\\\"8982\\\" data-end=\\\"9057\\\">\\n<td data-start=\\\"8982\\\" data-end=\\\"9008\\\" data-col-size=\\\"sm\\\">Flexible substrate (FCCL)<\\\/td>\\n<td data-start=\\\"9008\\\" data-end=\\\"9037\\\" data-col-size=\\\"lg\\\">Traditional polyimide film<\\\/td>\\n<td data-start=\\\"9037\\\" data-end=\\\"9057\\\" data-col-size=\\\"md\\\">New polyimide film<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n<tr data-start=\\\"9058\\\" data-end=\\\"9206\\\">\\n<td data-start=\\\"9058\\\" data-end=\\\"9087\\\" data-col-size=\\\"sm\\\">Double-sided copper laminate<\\\/td>\\n<td data-start=\\\"9087\\\" data-end=\\\"9146\\\" data-col-size=\\\"lg\\\">Polyimide core with acrylic adhesive (or epoxy adhesive)<\\\/td>\\n<td data-start=\\\"9146\\\" data-end=\\\"9206\\\" data-col-size=\\\"md\\\">Glue-free polyimide laminate (cast type or laminated type)<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n<tr data-start=\\\"9207\\\" data-end=\\\"9333\\\">\\n<td data-start=\\\"9207\\\" data-end=\\\"9216\\\" data-col-size=\\\"sm\\\">Coverlay<\\\/td>\\n<td data-start=\\\"9216\\\" data-end=\\\"9278\\\" data-col-size=\\\"lg\\\">Traditional polyimide coated with acrylic or epoxy adhesive<\\\/td>\\n<td data-start=\\\"9278\\\" data-end=\\\"9333\\\" data-col-size=\\\"md\\\">New polyimide coated with hot-melt polyimide adhesive<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n<tr data-start=\\\"9334\\\" data-end=\\\"9538\\\">\\n<td data-start=\\\"9334\\\" data-end=\\\"9363\\\" data-col-size=\\\"sm\\\">Adhesive film (bonding film)<\\\/td>\\n<td data-start=\\\"9363\\\" data-end=\\\"9470\\\" data-col-size=\\\"lg\\\">Acrylic resin adhesive film, epoxy adhesive film, polyimide film coated both sides with acrylic adhesive<\\\/td>\\n<td data-start=\\\"9470\\\" data-end=\\\"9538\\\" data-col-size=\\\"md\\\">New polyimide film coated both sides with hot-melt polyimide resin<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n<tr data-start=\\\"9539\\\" data-end=\\\"9632\\\">\\n<td data-start=\\\"9539\\\" data-end=\\\"9561\\\" data-col-size=\\\"sm\\\">Rigid substrate (CCL)<\\\/td>\\n<td data-start=\\\"9561\\\" data-end=\\\"9581\\\" data-col-size=\\\"lg\\\">Glass-epoxy (fr4)<\\\/td>\\n<td data-start=\\\"9581\\\" data-end=\\\"9632\\\" data-col-size=\\\"md\\\">Glass-BT resin board, glass-polyimide resin board<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n<\\\/tbody>\\n<\\\/table>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<p data-start=\\\"9634\\\" data-end=\\\"9841\\\">The table above lists several materials that are necessary when making rigid-flex boards. It is important to note that with technology progress, the performance of these materials has improved significantly.<\\\/p>\\n[caption id=\\\"attachment_2672\\\" align=\\\"aligncenter\\\" width=\\\"700\\\"]<img class=\\\"wp-image-2672 size-full\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/polyimide-film.webp\\\" alt=\\\"polyimide film\\\" width=\\\"700\\\" height=\\\"331\\\"> polyimide film[\\\/caption]\\n<p data-start=\\\"9843\\\" data-end=\\\"10300\\\">Materials must have high heat resistance and good dimensional stability during heating. For high-reliability fields like military and aerospace, we recommend using thicker polyimide film (greater than 50 \\u03bcm). In these areas, the base material must have strong stability and durability during processing. In contrast, consumer electronics often follow a trend to be thinner and lighter. There, manufacturers usually use thinner dielectrics (less than 50 \\u03bcm).<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10302\\\" data-end=\\\"10595\\\">Among adhesive copper clad laminates, coverlays, and bonding films, acrylic adhesives have better bond strength but slightly lower heat resistance and higher shrinkage. Epoxy adhesives offer better heat resistance, but they take longer to cure and sometimes have slightly weaker bond strength.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10597\\\" data-end=\\\"10966\\\">Using cast or pressure-laminated glue-free copper clad laminate usually gives higher heat resistance and lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). These materials also help reduce final board thickness and can significantly reduce drilling resin smear. However, the glue-free material requires processing above 300\\u00b0C and needs special equipment and process control.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"10968\\\" data-end=\\\"10971\\\">\\n<div class=\\\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\\\">\\n<div class=\\\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\\\" dir=\\\"auto\\\" data-message-author-role=\\\"assistant\\\" data-message-id=\\\"12ea7e37-a0d3-42bb-b2b9-af7f7cf85820\\\" data-message-model-slug=\\\"gpt-5-t-mini\\\">\\n<div class=\\\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\\\">\\n<div class=\\\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words dark markdown-new-styling\\\">\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"0\\\" data-end=\\\"59\\\">When should you use a rigid-flex board for PCB prototyping?<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"61\\\" data-end=\\\"330\\\">A rigid-flex board is made when a flexible circuit and a rigid board are bonded and processed together. The final board has features of both FPC and PCB. Rigid-flex boards cost more, but they are very versatile. You can customize them for many industries and many uses.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"332\\\" data-end=\\\"374\\\">When to choose rigid-flex for prototyping:<\\\/p>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"376\\\" data-end=\\\"1216\\\" data-is-last-node=\\\"\\\" data-is-only-node=\\\"\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"376\\\" data-end=\\\"579\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"379\\\" data-end=\\\"579\\\">High shock and high vibration environments.<br data-start=\\\"422\\\" data-end=\\\"425\\\">Rigid-flex boards resist impact and vibration. Use them when the product must work under heavy stress and stay stable. If you do not, the device may fail.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"581\\\" data-end=\\\"798\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"584\\\" data-end=\\\"798\\\">High-precision applications where reliability matters more than cost.<br data-start=\\\"653\\\" data-end=\\\"656\\\">If a cable or connector failure could be dangerous, pick a more durable rigid-flex board. It reduces the number of connectors and weak points.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"800\\\" data-end=\\\"988\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"803\\\" data-end=\\\"988\\\">High-density designs.<br data-start=\\\"824\\\" data-end=\\\"827\\\">Some components do not have enough surface area for all needed connectors and cables. In that case, a rigid-flex board saves space and solves the layout problem.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"990\\\" data-end=\\\"1216\\\" data-is-last-node=\\\"\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"993\\\" data-end=\\\"1216\\\" data-is-last-node=\\\"\\\">Designs that would otherwise need many rigid boards.<br data-start=\\\"1045\\\" data-end=\\\"1048\\\">If the product needs four or more connected rigid boards, replacing them with a single rigid-flex board is often the best choice. It can be more cost-effective overall.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"10968\\\" data-end=\\\"10971\\\">\\n<h3 data-start=\\\"10973\\\" data-end=\\\"11040\\\">Notes and extra tips for designers and buyers&nbsp;<\\\/h3>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"11042\\\" data-end=\\\"12808\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"11042\\\" data-end=\\\"11338\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11045\\\" data-end=\\\"11338\\\">Talk to your board maker early. Tell them how many rigid and flex layers you plan, where the bend areas are, and how many flex cycles the board must survive. Also tell them target impedance and high speed needs. The manufacturer can then tell you if the design is doable and what limits exist.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11340\\\" data-end=\\\"11633\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11343\\\" data-end=\\\"11633\\\">Keep bend areas free of rigid parts and heavy components. Use clear bend lines and keep traces near the neutral axis when you can. Traces across bending areas should be wide enough and follow good flex rules. Avoid plated through holes in repeated bend areas unless you use special designs.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11635\\\" data-end=\\\"11828\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11638\\\" data-end=\\\"11828\\\">Design for assembly. If you expect SMT on the flex area, plan for carriers, fiducials, and bake steps. Mark areas that need stiffeners and where you will use adhesives to support components.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11830\\\" data-end=\\\"12029\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11833\\\" data-end=\\\"12029\\\">Choose materials by need. Use thicker polyimide and stronger base materials for military or medical. Use thin dielectrics for phones and light consumer goods if you need low weight and small size.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"12031\\\" data-end=\\\"12295\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"12034\\\" data-end=\\\"12295\\\">Cost tradeoffs. Rigid-flex can cut assembly parts and connectors, but the board itself can cost more. Do a whole system cost check. Often the total system cost falls when you remove connectors and the related assembly steps. Also consider repair and test costs.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"12297\\\" data-end=\\\"12504\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"12300\\\" data-end=\\\"12504\\\">Do stress tests. If your product will face vibration, shock, heat, or humidity, test the rigid-flex board early. Cycling tests, thermal shock, and humidity testing will find issues before mass production.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"12506\\\" data-end=\\\"12647\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"12509\\\" data-end=\\\"12647\\\">Plan for tooling. Work with the PCB maker to plan jigs, carriers, and bake schedules. Proper tooling reduces defects and placement errors.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"12649\\\" data-end=\\\"12808\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"12652\\\" data-end=\\\"12808\\\">Documentation. Provide clear mechanical drawings, stackup, bending rules, and layer maps. Show where stiffeners go and where flex tails exit the rigid area.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"a8c6c5d\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"q7nm0np\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"gap\":\"no\",\"content_position\":\"top\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"background_color\":\"#FFFFFF00\",\"background_position\":\"bottom center\",\"background_attachment\":\"scroll\",\"background_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"background_size\":\"cover\",\"background_size_mobile\":\"cover\",\"background_overlay_background\":\"classic\",\"background_overlay_color_b\":\"rgba(255,255,255,0)\",\"background_overlay_opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"120\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"120\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"80\",\"right\":\"40\",\"bottom\":\"80\",\"left\":\"40\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"25\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"25\",\"isLinked\":false},\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"3628f23\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"7882748\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":100,\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"space_between_widgets\":37,\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"acdd01d\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9fc6712\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Frequently Asked Questions\",\"align\":\"center\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"c2bd145\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"631b990\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"tab_title\":\"What is a Flex-Rigid PCB?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>A flex-rigid PCB combines flexible and rigid circuit board layers into one structure. It offers both bendable areas and solid sections, which save space, reduce connectors, and improve reliability.<\\\/p>\",\"_id\":\"74578b9\"},{\"_id\":\"1e5b3ce\",\"tab_title\":\"What are the advantages of Flex-Rigid PCBs?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p data-start=\\\"345\\\" data-end=\\\"430\\\">Main benefits include:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"431\\\" data-end=\\\"655\\\"><li data-start=\\\"431\\\" data-end=\\\"488\\\"><p data-start=\\\"433\\\" data-end=\\\"488\\\">Space saving with no need for connectors or hot bars.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"489\\\" data-end=\\\"539\\\"><p data-start=\\\"491\\\" data-end=\\\"539\\\">Shorter signal paths for lower loss and delay.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"540\\\" data-end=\\\"597\\\"><p data-start=\\\"542\\\" data-end=\\\"597\\\">Higher reliability and durability in complex designs.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"598\\\" data-end=\\\"655\\\"><p data-start=\\\"600\\\" data-end=\\\"655\\\">Simplified assembly process, reducing labor and time.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>\"},{\"_id\":\"58c0a09\",\"tab_title\":\"Are there disadvantages to Flex-Rigid PCBs?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p data-start=\\\"662\\\" data-end=\\\"956\\\">Yes. Compared to standard rigid or flexible PCBs, they usually cost more. SMT assembly on flexible areas requires special carriers. Flexible materials are also sensitive to heat and humidity, which may cause expansion or shrinkage.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"1384995\",\"tab_title\":\"Where are Flex-Rigid PCBs used?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p data-start=\\\"963\\\" data-end=\\\"1041\\\">They are widely applied in:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"1042\\\" data-end=\\\"1284\\\"><li data-start=\\\"1042\\\" data-end=\\\"1103\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1044\\\" data-end=\\\"1103\\\">Consumer electronics (mobile phones, cameras, wearables).<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1104\\\" data-end=\\\"1176\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1106\\\" data-end=\\\"1176\\\">Automotive electronics (steering wheel controls, displays, sensors).<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1177\\\" data-end=\\\"1222\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1179\\\" data-end=\\\"1222\\\">Industrial equipment and medical devices.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1223\\\" data-end=\\\"1284\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1225\\\" data-end=\\\"1284\\\">Defense and aerospace systems requiring high reliability.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>\"},{\"_id\":\"7f51441\",\"tab_title\":\"What should designers consider for Flex-Rigid PCBs?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p data-start=\\\"1291\\\" data-end=\\\"1385\\\">Important tips include:<\\\/p><ol data-start=\\\"1386\\\" data-end=\\\"1778\\\"><li data-start=\\\"1386\\\" data-end=\\\"1499\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1389\\\" data-end=\\\"1499\\\">Communicate with the PCB manufacturer early about layer count, bend areas, impedance, and reliability needs.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1500\\\" data-end=\\\"1583\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1503\\\" data-end=\\\"1583\\\">Avoid heavy components in bend areas, and route traces along the neutral axis.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1584\\\" data-end=\\\"1636\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1587\\\" data-end=\\\"1636\\\">Use support fixtures for SMT on flexible areas.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1637\\\" data-end=\\\"1721\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1640\\\" data-end=\\\"1721\\\">Choose materials based on performance requirements (high reliability vs. cost).<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1722\\\" data-end=\\\"1778\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1725\\\" data-end=\\\"1778\\\">Consider total system cost, not just the PCB price.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>\"},{\"_id\":\"881e1f9\",\"tab_title\":\"What affects lead time and cost for flex-rigid PCBs?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Main drivers are layer count, number of rigid-to-flex transitions, special materials, panelization complexity, and required testing. More layers, tight bend radii, and custom stiffeners increase cost and time. Prototype runs and small batches often need tooling or fixtures, which adds lead time. To reduce cost, consolidate features, standardize materials, and discuss lead-time tradeoffs with your supplier early.<\\\/p>\"}],\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":1,\"sizes\":[]},\"border_color\":\"#F5F5F5\",\"selected_icon\":{\"value\":\"fas fa-plus-circle\",\"library\":\"fa-solid\"},\"selected_active_icon\":{\"value\":\"fas fa-minus-circle\",\"library\":\"fa-solid\"},\"tab_active_color\":\"rgba(0, 124, 186, 0.97)\",\"_border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":3,\"blur\":12,\"spread\":4,\"color\":\"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07)\"},\"title_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"16\",\"right\":\"16\",\"bottom\":\"16\",\"left\":\"16\",\"isLinked\":true},\"icon_space\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":15,\"sizes\":[]},\"content_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"5\",\"right\":\"16\",\"bottom\":\"16\",\"left\":\"16\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_background_background\":\"classic\",\"_background_color\":\"#F4F5F6\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"15\",\"right\":\"15\",\"bottom\":\"15\",\"left\":\"15\",\"isLinked\":true},\"title_padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"12\",\"right\":\"12\",\"bottom\":\"25\",\"left\":\"12\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"icon_align\":\"right\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"8496a3f\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"accordion\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false}]"],"_elementor_conditions":["a:0:{}"],"_edit_last":["1"],"_wp_page_template":["default"],"_astra_content_layout_flag":["disabled"],"ast-title-bar-display":["disabled"],"_elementor_version":["3.31.2"],"_elementor_pro_version":["3.31.2"],"_elementor_page_settings":["a:1:{s:10:\"hide_title\";s:3:\"yes\";}"],"site-post-title":["disabled"],"rank_math_og_content_image":["a:2:{s:5:\"check\";s:32:\"975e775f1b558b66d9568a6f4c0a1b72\";s:6:\"images\";a:1:{i:0;i:2671;}}"],"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":["index"],"rank_math_robots":["a:1:{i:0;s:5:\"index\";}"],"rank_math_focus_keyword":["rigid-flex PCB,Flex-rigid PCB"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_seo_score":["74"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:30185:\".uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media (max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important}}\n.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap,.uagb-social-share__wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap,.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-social-share__wrap{flex-direction:column}.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:first-child{margin-top:0 !important}.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:last-child{margin-bottom:0 !important}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap a.uagb-button__link:focus{box-shadow:none}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__wrapper{padding:0;margin-left:5px;margin-right:5px;transition:all 0.2s;display:inline-flex;text-align:center}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__source-wrap{display:inline-block}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__link{color:#3a3a3a;display:inline-table;line-height:0;cursor:pointer}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__source-icon{font-size:40px;width:40px;height:40px}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__source-image{width:40px}@media (max-width: 976px){.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:first-child{margin-left:0 !important}.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:last-child{margin-right:0 !important}\n.wp-block-uagb-social-share .uagb-social-share__wrapper{text-decoration:none}.uagb-social-share__wrapper{box-shadow:none}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap:not(.uagb-social-share__no-label) .uagb-social-share__source-wrap{margin-right:15px}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap.uagb-social-share__icon-at-top .uagb-social-share__source-wrap{-ms-flex-item-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;margin-top:5px}\n.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__link{padding: 10px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__link{padding: 10px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child {border-radius: 0px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-wrap{width: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-wrap svg{width: 30px;height: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-image{width: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-icon{width: 30px;height: 30px;font-size: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap{justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #55acee;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #55acee;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #55acee;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #55acee;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #0077b5;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #0077b5;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #0077b5;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #0077b5;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap{justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap{justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;}}.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap a.uagb-cta__block-link span,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta-typeof-button,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta-with-svg{display:inline-block}.uagb-cta__outer-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .uagb-cta__buttons{display:inline-flex}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .wp-block-button__link,.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .ast-outline-button{fill:currentColor;justify-content:center}.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper,.uagb-cta-second__button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;word-break:keep-all;width:100%}.uagb-cta__title{padding:0;margin:0;display:block}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper{float:right}.uagb-cta__link-wrapper.uagb-cta__block-link-style:empty{display:none}a.uagb-cta__block-link,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link,a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap{text-decoration:none}a.uagb-cta__block-link:hover,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link:hover,a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap:hover,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap:hover .entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link:hover{color:inherit}.uagb-cta__content-right{text-align:right;justify-content:flex-end}.uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{width:100%;word-break:break-word}.uagb-cta__icon-position-below-title .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{display:block;min-width:100%;width:100%}.uagb-cta__icon-position-left .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap,.uagb-cta__icon-position-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{display:flex}.uagb-cta__icon-position-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{justify-content:flex-end}.uagb-cta__block-link-icon-after{margin-left:5px;margin-right:0}.uagb-cta__block-link-icon-before{margin-left:0;margin-right:5px}.uagb-cta__block-link-icon,.uagb-cta__block svg{transition:all 200ms linear}.uagb-cta__block{position:relative}.uagb-cta-typeof-button{line-height:1;text-align:center}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper,.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta-second__button .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link,.uagb-cta__content-right.uagb-cta__button-valign-middle .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{display:flex;align-items:center}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper,.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta-second__button .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link{justify-content:center}.uagb-cta__link-wrapper a{box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none}.uagb-cta__block,.uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{z-index:1}.uagb-cta__block-link{cursor:pointer}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link{float:right;padding:10px 14px}a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap{color:inherit}.uagb-cta__content p:empty{display:none}.uagb-cta__button-type-none .uagb-cta__content{width:100%}.uagb-cta-with-svg{height:14px;width:14px;line-height:14px;vertical-align:middle}.uagb-cta__block svg{display:block;height:inherit;width:inherit}.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper svg{width:20px;height:20px}.uagb-cta__align-button-after{margin-left:5px}.uagb-cta__align-button-before{margin-right:5px}.uagb-cta__block-link i{font-style:normal}a.uagb-cta__link-to-all{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:11}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action{position:relative}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta__link-to-all{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:11}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px){.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{flex-direction:column;text-align:center}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper{float:none;margin:0 auto}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width:100% !important}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px){.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{flex-direction:column;text-align:center}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper{float:none;margin:0 auto}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width:100% !important}}.uagb-cta__desc p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}\n#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .uagb-cta__title{margin-bottom: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .uagb-cta__desc{margin-bottom: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__align-button-after{margin-left: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__align-button-before{margin-right: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper > svg{margin-left: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta-second__button > svg{margin-left: 10px;font-size: 14px;width: 14px;height: 14px;line-height: 14px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-wrap{text-align: left;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__wrap{width: 70%;text-align: left;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action{text-align: left;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{margin-left: 0px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__buttons{column-gap: 15px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action {display: flex;justify-content: space-between;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{width: 70%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width: 30%;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper {align-self: center;height: fit-content;margin-left: auto;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action  {flex-direction: row;align-items: center;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button a.uagb-cta-second__button{align-self: center;height: fit-content;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button a.uagb-cta-second__button:hover{background-color: !important;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button a.uagb-cta-second__button:focus{background-color: !important;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__button-wrapper a.uagb-cta-typeof-button{color: #333;border-style: solid;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button .uagb-cta__buttons a.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper.wp-block-button__link{border-style: solid;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta-second__button{text-transform: normal;text-decoration: none;font-size: 14px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet {display: inherit;}#uagb-cta-block-.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet .uagb-cta__wrap{width: 100%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width: 30%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__wrap{text-align: center;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action {flex-direction: column;align-items: center;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile {display: inherit;}#uagb-cta-block-.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile .uagb-cta__wrap{width: 100%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__buttons{justify-content: center;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width: 30%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__wrap{text-align: center;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action {flex-direction: column;align-items: center;}}.uagb-icon-list__wrap{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{padding:0;transition:all 0.2s;display:inline-flex;color:#3a3a3a;align-items:center;text-decoration:none;box-shadow:none}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child span.uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{display:block;align-items:center}.uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{display:block}.uagb-icon-list__source-image{width:40px}.uagb-icon-list__outer-wrap .uagb-icon-list__content-wrap{color:#3a3a3a;display:flex;align-items:center}\n.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{position:relative}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child>a{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}img.uagb-icon-list__source-image{max-width:unset}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__label{word-break:break-word}\n.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-image{width: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{width: 16px;height: 16px;font-size: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{padding: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-width: 0px;align-self: center;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__label{text-decoration: !important;line-height: em;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__wrap{display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: flex-start;align-items: flex-start;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__label{text-align: left;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{text-decoration: !important;line-height: em;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a.wp-block-uagb-icon-list .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 10px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{margin-right: 15px;}.uagb-block-ddf54d80.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-ddf54d80.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child:hover .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-b45e4180.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-b45e4180.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child:hover .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-6962245c.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-6962245c.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child:hover .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-image{width: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{width: 16px;height: 16px;font-size: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap {padding: 0px;border-width: 0px;align-self: center;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__wrap{display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: flex-start;align-items: flex-start;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a.wp-block-uagb-icon-list .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 10px;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-image{width: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{width: 16px;height: 16px;font-size: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{padding: 0px;border-width: 0px;align-self: center;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__wrap{display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: flex-start;align-items: flex-start;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a.wp-block-uagb-icon-list .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 10px;}}.wp-block-uagb-container{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;transition-property:box-shadow;transition-duration:0.2s;transition-timing-function:ease}.wp-block-uagb-container .spectra-container-link-overlay{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:10}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-blockquote,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-login,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-register{margin:unset}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap{height:100%;width:100%;top:0;left:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:opacity 1s;-o-transition:opacity 1s;transition:opacity 1s}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;line-height:1;border:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;background-size:cover}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid{display:grid;width:100%}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;width:inherit}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignwide.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-info-box),body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap,body .wp-block-uagb-container>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-container-link-overlay):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-lottie):not(.uagb-faq__outer-wrap){min-width:unset !important;width:100%;position:relative}body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container ol,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap ol{max-width:-webkit-fill-available;margin-block-start:0;margin-block-end:0;margin-left:20px}.ast-plain-container .editor-styles-wrapper .block-editor-block-list__layout.is-root-container .uagb-is-root-container.wp-block-uagb-container.alignwide{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.uagb-container__shape{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;line-height:0;direction:ltr}.uagb-container__shape-top{top:-3px}.uagb-container__shape-bottom{bottom:-3px}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-bottom,.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-top{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-flip svg{transform:translateX(-50%) rotateY(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape svg{display:block;width:-webkit-calc(100% + 1.3px);width:calc(100% + 1.3px);position:relative;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}.uagb-container__shape .uagb-container__shape-fill{-webkit-transform-origin:center;-ms-transform-origin:center;transform-origin:center;-webkit-transform:rotateY(0deg);transform:rotateY(0deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-above-content{z-index:9;pointer-events:none}.nv-single-page-wrap .nv-content-wrap.entry-content .wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw)}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading{width:-webkit-fill-available}}.wp-block-uagb-image--align-none{justify-content:center}\n.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape-top svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-top .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape-bottom svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-bottom .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__video-wrap video{opacity: 1;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-845e6da6{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-845e6da6 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1200px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;justify-content: center;flex-wrap: nowrap;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6{box-shadow: 0px 0px   #00000070 ;padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;overflow: visible;order: initial;border-color: inherit;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-845e6da6{width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-845e6da6 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1024px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-845e6da6{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-845e6da6 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 767px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-wrap: wrap;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}.wp-block-uagb-icon svg{width:30px}.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{transition:box-shadow 0.2s ease}\n .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper{text-align: center;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper a{display: contents;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper svg{width: 40px;height: 40px;transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: content-box;fill: #333;filter: drop-shadow( 0px 0px 0px #00000070 );} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 5px;border-style: default;box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:hover{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:focus-visible{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) { .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper{text-align: center;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper a{display: contents;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper svg{width: 40px;height: 40px;transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: content-box;fill: #333;filter: drop-shadow( 0px 0px 0px #00000070 );} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 5px;border-style: default;box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:hover{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:focus-visible{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) { .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape-top svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-top .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape-bottom svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-bottom .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__video-wrap video{opacity: 1;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1200px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;justify-content: center;flex-wrap: nowrap;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{box-shadow: 0px 0px   #00000070 ;padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;overflow: visible;order: initial;border-color: inherit;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1024px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 767px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-wrap: wrap;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}\";s:2:\"js\";s:1947:\"document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function(){ var ssLinksParent = document.querySelector( '.uagb-block-015f0124' );\nssLinksParent?.addEventListener( 'keyup', function ( e ) {\nvar link = e.target.closest( '.uagb-ss__link' );\nif ( link && e.keyCode === 13 ) {\n\thandleSocialLinkClick( link );\n}\n});\n\nssLinksParent?.addEventListener( 'click', function ( e ) {\nvar link = e.target.closest( '.uagb-ss__link' );\nif ( link ) {\n\thandleSocialLinkClick( link );\n}\n});\n\nfunction handleSocialLinkClick( link ) {\nvar social_url = link.dataset.href;\nvar target = \"\";\nif ( social_url == \"mailto:?body=\" ) {\n\ttarget = \"_self\";\n}\nvar request_url = \"\";\nif ( social_url.indexOf(\"\/pin\/create\/link\/?url=\") !== -1 ) {\n\trequest_url = social_url + encodeURIComponent( window.location.href ) + \"&media=\" + '';\n} else {\n\trequest_url = social_url + encodeURIComponent( window.location.href );\n}\nwindow.open( request_url, target );\n}\n\t\t\t\twindow.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', () => {\n\t\t\t\t\tconst blockScope = document.querySelector( '.uagb-block-2b67c985' );\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( ! blockScope ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tconst anchorElement = blockScope.querySelector('a');\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!anchorElement) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t} \n\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\tblockScope.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( 13 === event.keyCode || 32 === event.keyCode ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanchorElement.click();\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twindow.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', () => {\n\t\t\t\t\tconst blockScope = document.querySelector( '.uagb-block-3c223d05' );\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( ! blockScope ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tconst anchorElement = blockScope.querySelector('a');\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!anchorElement) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t} \n\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\tblockScope.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( 13 === event.keyCode || 32 === event.keyCode ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanchorElement.click();\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t });\";s:18:\"current_block_list\";a:19:{i:0;s:11:\"core\/search\";i:1;s:10:\"core\/group\";i:2;s:12:\"core\/heading\";i:3;s:17:\"core\/latest-posts\";i:4;s:20:\"core\/latest-comments\";i:5;s:13:\"core\/archives\";i:6;s:15:\"core\/categories\";i:7;s:10:\"core\/image\";i:8;s:14:\"core\/paragraph\";i:9;s:10:\"core\/embed\";i:10;s:17:\"uagb\/social-share\";i:11;s:23:\"uagb\/social-share-child\";i:12;s:19:\"uagb\/call-to-action\";i:13;s:14:\"uagb\/icon-list\";i:14;s:20:\"uagb\/icon-list-child\";i:15;s:14:\"uagb\/container\";i:16;s:9:\"uagb\/icon\";i:17;s:17:\"core\/social-links\";i:18;s:16:\"core\/social-link\";}s:8:\"uag_flag\";b:1;s:11:\"uag_version\";s:10:\"1776063796\";s:6:\"gfonts\";a:0:{}s:10:\"gfonts_url\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"gfonts_files\";a:0:{}s:14:\"uag_faq_layout\";b:0;}"],"_elementor_controls_usage":["a:6:{s:11:\"text-editor\";a:3:{s:5:\"count\";i:1;s:15:\"control_percent\";i:1;s:8:\"controls\";a:2:{s:7:\"content\";a:1:{s:14:\"section_editor\";a:1:{s:6:\"editor\";i:1;}}s:8:\"advanced\";a:1:{s:26:\"display_conditions_section\";a:1:{s:22:\"display_condition_list\";i:1;}}}}s:9:\"container\";a:3:{s:5:\"count\";i:1;s:15:\"control_percent\";i:0;s:8:\"controls\";a:2:{s:6:\"layout\";a:1:{s:24:\"section_layout_container\";a:1:{s:14:\"flex_direction\";i:1;}}s:8:\"advanced\";a:1:{s:26:\"display_conditions_section\";a:1:{s:22:\"display_condition_list\";i:1;}}}}s:7:\"heading\";a:3:{s:5:\"count\";i:1;s:15:\"control_percent\";i:1;s:8:\"controls\";a:3:{s:7:\"content\";a:1:{s:13:\"section_title\";a:1:{s:5:\"title\";i:1;}}s:5:\"style\";a:1:{s:19:\"section_title_style\";a:1:{s:5:\"align\";i:1;}}s:8:\"advanced\";a:1:{s:26:\"display_conditions_section\";a:1:{s:22:\"display_condition_list\";i:1;}}}}s:9:\"accordion\";a:3:{s:5:\"count\";i:1;s:15:\"control_percent\";i:5;s:8:\"controls\";a:3:{s:7:\"content\";a:1:{s:13:\"section_title\";a:3:{s:4:\"tabs\";i:1;s:13:\"selected_icon\";i:1;s:20:\"selected_active_icon\";i:1;}}s:5:\"style\";a:4:{s:19:\"section_title_style\";a:2:{s:12:\"border_width\";i:1;s:12:\"border_color\";i:1;}s:26:\"section_toggle_style_title\";a:2:{s:16:\"tab_active_color\";i:1;s:13:\"title_padding\";i:1;}s:25:\"section_toggle_style_icon\";a:2:{s:10:\"icon_space\";i:1;s:10:\"icon_align\";i:1;}s:28:\"section_toggle_style_content\";a:1:{s:15:\"content_padding\";i:1;}}s:8:\"advanced\";a:4:{s:15:\"_section_border\";a:2:{s:14:\"_border_radius\";i:1;s:22:\"_box_shadow_box_shadow\";i:1;}s:19:\"_section_background\";a:2:{s:22:\"_background_background\";i:1;s:17:\"_background_color\";i:1;}s:14:\"_section_style\";a:2:{s:8:\"_padding\";i:1;s:7:\"_margin\";i:1;}s:26:\"display_conditions_section\";a:1:{s:22:\"display_condition_list\";i:1;}}}}s:6:\"column\";a:3:{s:5:\"count\";i:1;s:15:\"control_percent\";i:1;s:8:\"controls\";a:2:{s:6:\"layout\";a:1:{s:6:\"layout\";a:2:{s:12:\"_inline_size\";i:1;s:21:\"space_between_widgets\";i:1;}}s:8:\"advanced\";a:2:{s:16:\"section_advanced\";a:1:{s:7:\"padding\";i:1;}s:26:\"display_conditions_section\";a:1:{s:22:\"display_condition_list\";i:1;}}}}s:7:\"section\";a:3:{s:5:\"count\";i:1;s:15:\"control_percent\";i:4;s:8:\"controls\";a:3:{s:6:\"layout\";a:1:{s:14:\"section_layout\";a:3:{s:3:\"gap\";i:1;s:16:\"content_position\";i:1;s:13:\"content_width\";i:1;}}s:5:\"style\";a:2:{s:18:\"section_background\";a:6:{s:21:\"background_background\";i:1;s:16:\"background_color\";i:1;s:19:\"background_position\";i:1;s:21:\"background_attachment\";i:1;s:17:\"background_repeat\";i:1;s:15:\"background_size\";i:1;}s:26:\"section_background_overlay\";a:3:{s:29:\"background_overlay_background\";i:1;s:26:\"background_overlay_color_b\";i:1;s:26:\"background_overlay_opacity\";i:1;}}s:8:\"advanced\";a:2:{s:16:\"section_advanced\";a:1:{s:7:\"padding\";i:1;}s:26:\"display_conditions_section\";a:1:{s:22:\"display_condition_list\";i:1;}}}}}"],"_elementor_page_assets":["a:2:{s:7:\"scripts\";a:1:{i:0;s:18:\"elementor-frontend\";}s:6:\"styles\";a:2:{i:0;s:14:\"widget-heading\";i:1;s:16:\"widget-accordion\";}}"],"_elementor_css":["a:6:{s:4:\"time\";i:1775535334;s:5:\"fonts\";a:0:{}s:5:\"icons\";a:1:{i:0;s:8:\"fa-solid\";}s:20:\"dynamic_elements_ids\";a:0:{}s:6:\"status\";s:4:\"file\";i:0;s:0:\"\";}"],"_elementor_element_cache":["{\"timeout\":1776436981,\"value\":{\"content\":\"<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-a84426c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"a84426c\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"0310da0","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<p data-start=\"195\" data-end=\"292\">With the birth and development of FPC and PCB, a new product called rigid-flex board has emerged.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"195\" data-end=\"292\">What is Rigid-Flex PCB\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"1167\">Rigid-flex boards combine <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-manufacturer\/flexible-pcb\/\">flexible circuit substrates<\/a> and rigid circuit substrates in one laminated structure. Rigid-flex PCBs cross the boundaries of traditional rigid PCBs. They also use flexible circuits that are made by patterning highly ductile, electrodeposited or rolled-annealed copper on flexible insulating films. Rigid-flex designs show some clear traits: high density, fine traces, small vias, small size, light weight, and high reliability. Their performance stays stable under vibration, shock, and humid conditions. They can bend, and they allow three-dimensional mounting. They use space inside an assembly more effectively. For these reasons, they are widely used in portable digital products such as mobile phones, digital cameras, and camcorders. Rigid-flex boards will be used more where package size must be reduced, especially in consumer electronics.<\/p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_2671\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"700\"]<img class=\"wp-image-2671 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Flex-rigid-PCB-figure.webp\" alt=\"Rigid-flex boards\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\"> Rigid-flex boards[\/caption]\n<p data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1640\">At first, the basic design ideas and manufacturing processes for multilayer rigid-flex boards came from aerospace equipment. Aerospace systems need reliable wiring inside very limited space. In some complex products, rigid-flex boards have even used more than 30 conductor layers. On the other hand, consumer electronics like phones and digital cameras always needed high density and low cost wiring. That need pushed new design ideas and manufacturing methods to appear.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1642\" data-end=\"1936\">A multilayer rigid-flex board is basically a mix of rigid boards and flex boards. But for board makers to join them well, they need good skills in both rigid PCB and flexible PCB processes. So, before designing this type of PCB, you must clearly know the manufacturer\u2019s capabilities and limits.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"1971\">Drawbacks of rigid-flex boards<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1973\" data-end=\"2489\">If you only compare \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-manufacturer\/flexible-pcb\/\">flex board<\/a> + rigid board + connector\u201d with a single rigid-flex board, the main drawback of rigid-flex boards is cost. Rigid-flex boards often cost more. In some cases, the rigid-flex option may be almost twice the price of separate flex and rigid boards. However, if you remove the connector cost or the HotBar soldering cost from the comparison, the price can become close. To see the real cost picture, you must do a full cost analysis that counts parts, assembly steps, and special processes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2491\" data-end=\"2775\">Another downside is assembly. SMT mounting and reflow of components on rigid-flex boards may require carriers or fixtures to support the flexible areas. Using carriers adds to SMT assembly cost. Carriers help keep the flex portions flat and supported during pick-and-place and reflow.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2777\" data-end=\"2811\">Advantages of rigid-flex boards<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2813\" data-end=\"2901\">Beyond cost, rigid-flex boards have many advantages. Here are some of the main benefits:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"2903\" data-end=\"4339\">\n<li data-start=\"2903\" data-end=\"3320\">\n<p data-start=\"2906\" data-end=\"3320\">Save board space and remove the need for connectors or HotBar processes<br data-start=\"2977\" data-end=\"2980\">Because the flex and rigid parts are one piece, you can remove a connector or a HotBar joint. For high density designs, losing the space of one connector is very valuable. Removing connectors also lowers parts cost and the cost of HotBar processing. Moreover, the gap between two boards can be much smaller when you do not need a connector.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3322\" data-end=\"4008\">\n<p data-start=\"3325\" data-end=\"4008\">Shorter signal paths, higher speed, and improved reliability<br data-start=\"3385\" data-end=\"3388\">With separate rigid boards joined by connectors, a signal path looks like: board \u2192 connector \u2192 flex \u2192 connector \u2192 board. With a rigid-flex board it becomes: board \u2192 flex \u2192 board. The path is shorter. Signals cross fewer different materials, so they lose less energy. On standard rigid boards, traces are copper. Connectors have gold plated contacts. Soldered pins are usually tin or tin alloy. Signal changes at each material interface cause some loss. If you use rigid-flex, you reduce the number of interfaces. That helps signal integrity. For products that need precise signals, rigid-flex boards improve reliability.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4010\" data-end=\"4339\">\n<p data-start=\"4013\" data-end=\"4339\">Simplify product assembly and save assembly time<br data-start=\"4061\" data-end=\"4064\">Using rigid-flex boards can reduce <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/smt-assembly\/\">SMT<\/a> and final assembly time. You place fewer connectors. You also remove the assembly step of inserting a flex into a connector or the HotBar soldering step. Fewer parts means a shorter BOM. That reduces inventory and parts management work.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-start=\"4341\" data-end=\"4409\">How production and assembly differ for flex and rigid-flex boards<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4411\" data-end=\"4749\">The main SMT process is similar for all board types. Flexible circuits, rigid-flex boards, and rigid boards all go through component placement and reflow soldering that uses solder paste. But flexible boards and rigid-flex boards have special needs. If these extra needs are not met carefully during production, you will get big problems.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4751\" data-end=\"4779\">1. Solder paste printing<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4781\" data-end=\"5426\">Like rigid PCBs, you use a stencil and a solder paste printer to apply solder paste to flex and rigid-flex boards. Many SMT operators worry about size control and the fragility of flex boards. Unlike rigid boards, flex board surfaces are not flat. So you need fixtures and alignment holes to hold them in place. Also, flexible circuit materials change size with temperature and humidity. They can stretch or wrinkle by about 0.001 inch per inch under some conditions. These stretches and wrinkles cause shifts in the board position in X and Y. For this reason, flex placement often needs smaller carriers or special tooling than rigid board SMT.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"5428\" data-end=\"5458\">2. SMT component placement<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5460\" data-end=\"5842\">Today, components are getting smaller. Small parts can cause problems in reflow if the board surface is not flat. If a flex circuit is small, dimensional changes may be less of a problem, but you may still need smaller SMT carriers or extra fiducial marks. If a carrier is not flat, you will see placement shifts. A good SMT fixture helps keep the placement surface flat and steady.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"5844\" data-end=\"5867\">3. Reflow soldering<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5869\" data-end=\"6249\">Before reflow, flexible circuits must be dried. This is a key difference between flex and rigid board assembly. Flex materials absorb moisture like a sponge. They can gain up to about 3% of their weight from moisture. Once a flex board soaks up moisture, you cannot reflow it without drying first. Rigid boards also have this issue, but rigid boards tolerate some moisture better.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6251\" data-end=\"6613\">Flexible circuits require a pre-bake at roughly 225\u00b0F to 250\u00b0F (about 107\u00b0C to 121\u00b0C) for a short time, ideally finished within one hour. If you do not dry the flex in time, you must store the boards in a dry box or in nitrogen storage until they are baked. Proper drying prevents damage caused by steam formation during reflow, such as delamination or blisters.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"6615\" data-end=\"6651\">Applications of rigid-flex boards<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"6653\" data-end=\"7041\">Rigid-flex PCBs combine the durability of rigid boards with the adaptability of flexible boards. Among all PCB types, rigid-flex is the most robust for harsh environments. Because of that strength, rigid-flex boards are popular in industrial control, medical devices, and military equipment. Mainland manufacturers are also increasing the share of rigid-flex boards in their total output.<\/p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_2673\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"700\"]<img class=\"wp-image-2673 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Rig-Flex-PCB-are-applied-in-industrial-control.webp\" alt=\"Rigid-flex boards are applied in industrial control\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\"> Rigid-flex boards are applied in industrial control[\/caption]\n<p data-start=\"7043\" data-end=\"7077\">Typical application areas include:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"7079\" data-end=\"8680\">\n<li data-start=\"7079\" data-end=\"7434\">\n<p data-start=\"7082\" data-end=\"7434\">Industrial use \u2014 This includes industrial machines, military equipment, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\">medical devices<\/a>. These parts need precision, safety, and durability. Rigid-flex boards for these fields must deliver high reliability, high precision, low impedance loss, complete signal quality, and long life. But the process is complex, output is low, and unit cost is high.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7436\" data-end=\"7620\">\n<p data-start=\"7439\" data-end=\"7620\">Mobile phones \u2014 In phones, rigid-flex boards appear in hinge areas of folding phones, camera modules, keypads, and RF modules. They handle repeated bending and tight assembly space.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7622\" data-end=\"8220\">\n<p data-start=\"7625\" data-end=\"8220\">Consumer electronics \u2014 Digital still cameras (DSC) and digital video (DV) products are typical consumer items that use rigid-flex. We can look at rigid-flex from two angles: performance and structure. From the performance side, rigid-flex can link different rigid boards and modules in three dimensions. So with the same line density you increase the usable circuit area. That raises the circuit carrying capacity and reduces signal path limits and assembly mistakes. From the structure side, rigid-flex boards are light and thin and allow flexible routing. They help shrink size and cut weight.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8222\" data-end=\"8680\">\n<p data-start=\"8225\" data-end=\"8680\">Automotive \u2014 In cars, rigid-flex boards are used for key switches on the steering wheel, connections between in-vehicle screens and control boards, door control keys, car audio controls, parking radar camera systems, many sensors (air quality, temperature and humidity, gas detection and control), vehicle communication systems, satellite navigation, connections for rear seat controllers, front end controller boards, and even external detection systems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-start=\"8682\" data-end=\"8727\">Materials for multilayer rigid-flex boards<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"8729\" data-end=\"8899\">Below is a simple table of common materials used to make multilayer rigid-flex boards. I list the needed material, the traditional choice, and higher performance choices.<\/p>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_sk2ct_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_sk2ct_13 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"8901\" data-end=\"9632\">\n<thead data-start=\"8901\" data-end=\"8967\">\n<tr data-start=\"8901\" data-end=\"8967\">\n<th data-start=\"8901\" data-end=\"8917\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Needed material<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8917\" data-end=\"8940\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Traditional material<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8940\" data-end=\"8967\" data-col-size=\"md\">High performance material<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"8982\" data-end=\"9632\">\n<tr data-start=\"8982\" data-end=\"9057\">\n<td data-start=\"8982\" data-end=\"9008\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Flexible substrate (FCCL)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9008\" data-end=\"9037\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Traditional polyimide film<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9037\" data-end=\"9057\" data-col-size=\"md\">New polyimide film<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9058\" data-end=\"9206\">\n<td data-start=\"9058\" data-end=\"9087\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Double-sided copper laminate<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9087\" data-end=\"9146\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Polyimide core with acrylic adhesive (or epoxy adhesive)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9146\" data-end=\"9206\" data-col-size=\"md\">Glue-free polyimide laminate (cast type or laminated type)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9207\" data-end=\"9333\">\n<td data-start=\"9207\" data-end=\"9216\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Coverlay<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9216\" data-end=\"9278\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Traditional polyimide coated with acrylic or epoxy adhesive<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9278\" data-end=\"9333\" data-col-size=\"md\">New polyimide coated with hot-melt polyimide adhesive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9334\" data-end=\"9538\">\n<td data-start=\"9334\" data-end=\"9363\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Adhesive film (bonding film)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9363\" data-end=\"9470\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Acrylic resin adhesive film, epoxy adhesive film, polyimide film coated both sides with acrylic adhesive<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9470\" data-end=\"9538\" data-col-size=\"md\">New polyimide film coated both sides with hot-melt polyimide resin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9539\" data-end=\"9632\">\n<td data-start=\"9539\" data-end=\"9561\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Rigid substrate (CCL)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9561\" data-end=\"9581\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Glass-epoxy (fr4)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9581\" data-end=\"9632\" data-col-size=\"md\">Glass-BT resin board, glass-polyimide resin board<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"9634\" data-end=\"9841\">The table above lists several materials that are necessary when making rigid-flex boards. It is important to note that with technology progress, the performance of these materials has improved significantly.<\/p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_2672\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"700\"]<img class=\"wp-image-2672 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/polyimide-film.webp\" alt=\"polyimide film\" width=\"700\" height=\"331\"> polyimide film[\/caption]\n<p data-start=\"9843\" data-end=\"10300\">Materials must have high heat resistance and good dimensional stability during heating. For high-reliability fields like military and aerospace, we recommend using thicker polyimide film (greater than 50 \u03bcm). In these areas, the base material must have strong stability and durability during processing. In contrast, consumer electronics often follow a trend to be thinner and lighter. There, manufacturers usually use thinner dielectrics (less than 50 \u03bcm).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10302\" data-end=\"10595\">Among adhesive copper clad laminates, coverlays, and bonding films, acrylic adhesives have better bond strength but slightly lower heat resistance and higher shrinkage. Epoxy adhesives offer better heat resistance, but they take longer to cure and sometimes have slightly weaker bond strength.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10597\" data-end=\"10966\">Using cast or pressure-laminated glue-free copper clad laminate usually gives higher heat resistance and lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). These materials also help reduce final board thickness and can significantly reduce drilling resin smear. However, the glue-free material requires processing above 300\u00b0C and needs special equipment and process control.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"10968\" data-end=\"10971\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"12ea7e37-a0d3-42bb-b2b9-af7f7cf85820\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-t-mini\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words dark markdown-new-styling\">\n<h2 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"59\">When should you use a rigid-flex board for PCB prototyping?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"61\" data-end=\"330\">A rigid-flex board is made when a flexible circuit and a rigid board are bonded and processed together. The final board has features of both FPC and PCB. Rigid-flex boards cost more, but they are very versatile. You can customize them for many industries and many uses.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"374\">When to choose rigid-flex for prototyping:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"1216\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"579\">\n<p data-start=\"379\" data-end=\"579\">High shock and high vibration environments.<br data-start=\"422\" data-end=\"425\">Rigid-flex boards resist impact and vibration. Use them when the product must work under heavy stress and stay stable. If you do not, the device may fail.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"581\" data-end=\"798\">\n<p data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"798\">High-precision applications where reliability matters more than cost.<br data-start=\"653\" data-end=\"656\">If a cable or connector failure could be dangerous, pick a more durable rigid-flex board. It reduces the number of connectors and weak points.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"988\">\n<p data-start=\"803\" data-end=\"988\">High-density designs.<br data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"827\">Some components do not have enough surface area for all needed connectors and cables. In that case, a rigid-flex board saves space and solves the layout problem.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1216\" data-is-last-node=\"\">\n<p data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1216\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Designs that would otherwise need many rigid boards.<br data-start=\"1045\" data-end=\"1048\">If the product needs four or more connected rigid boards, replacing them with a single rigid-flex board is often the best choice. It can be more cost-effective overall.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"10968\" data-end=\"10971\">\n<h3 data-start=\"10973\" data-end=\"11040\">Notes and extra tips for designers and buyers&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"11042\" data-end=\"12808\">\n<li data-start=\"11042\" data-end=\"11338\">\n<p data-start=\"11045\" data-end=\"11338\">Talk to your board maker early. Tell them how many rigid and flex layers you plan, where the bend areas are, and how many flex cycles the board must survive. Also tell them target impedance and high speed needs. The manufacturer can then tell you if the design is doable and what limits exist.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11340\" data-end=\"11633\">\n<p data-start=\"11343\" data-end=\"11633\">Keep bend areas free of rigid parts and heavy components. Use clear bend lines and keep traces near the neutral axis when you can. Traces across bending areas should be wide enough and follow good flex rules. Avoid plated through holes in repeated bend areas unless you use special designs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11635\" data-end=\"11828\">\n<p data-start=\"11638\" data-end=\"11828\">Design for assembly. If you expect SMT on the flex area, plan for carriers, fiducials, and bake steps. Mark areas that need stiffeners and where you will use adhesives to support components.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11830\" data-end=\"12029\">\n<p data-start=\"11833\" data-end=\"12029\">Choose materials by need. Use thicker polyimide and stronger base materials for military or medical. Use thin dielectrics for phones and light consumer goods if you need low weight and small size.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12031\" data-end=\"12295\">\n<p data-start=\"12034\" data-end=\"12295\">Cost tradeoffs. Rigid-flex can cut assembly parts and connectors, but the board itself can cost more. Do a whole system cost check. Often the total system cost falls when you remove connectors and the related assembly steps. Also consider repair and test costs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12297\" data-end=\"12504\">\n<p data-start=\"12300\" data-end=\"12504\">Do stress tests. If your product will face vibration, shock, heat, or humidity, test the rigid-flex board early. Cycling tests, thermal shock, and humidity testing will find issues before mass production.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12506\" data-end=\"12647\">\n<p data-start=\"12509\" data-end=\"12647\">Plan for tooling. Work with the PCB maker to plan jigs, carriers, and bake schedules. Proper tooling reduces defects and placement errors.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12649\" data-end=\"12808\">\n<p data-start=\"12652\" data-end=\"12808\">Documentation. Provide clear mechanical drawings, stackup, bending rules, and layer maps. Show where stiffeners go and where flex tails exit the rigid area.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"a8c6c5d"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<section class=\\\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-q7nm0np elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\\\" data-id=\\\"q7nm0np\\\" data-element_type=\\\"section\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-background-overlay\\\"><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\\\" data-id=\\\"7882748\\\" data-element_type=\\\"column\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"9fc6712\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Frequently Asked Questions<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"631b990\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What is a Flex-Rigid PCB?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\"><p>A flex-rigid PCB combines flexible and rigid circuit board layers into one structure. It offers both bendable areas and solid sections, which save space, reduce connectors, and improve reliability.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are the advantages of Flex-Rigid PCBs?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\"><p data-start=\\\"345\\\" data-end=\\\"430\\\">Main benefits include:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"431\\\" data-end=\\\"655\\\"><li data-start=\\\"431\\\" data-end=\\\"488\\\"><p data-start=\\\"433\\\" data-end=\\\"488\\\">Space saving with no need for connectors or hot bars.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"489\\\" data-end=\\\"539\\\"><p data-start=\\\"491\\\" data-end=\\\"539\\\">Shorter signal paths for lower loss and delay.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"540\\\" data-end=\\\"597\\\"><p data-start=\\\"542\\\" data-end=\\\"597\\\">Higher reliability and durability in complex designs.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"598\\\" data-end=\\\"655\\\"><p data-start=\\\"600\\\" data-end=\\\"655\\\">Simplified assembly process, reducing labor and time.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Are there disadvantages to Flex-Rigid PCBs?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\"><p data-start=\\\"662\\\" data-end=\\\"956\\\">Yes. Compared to standard rigid or flexible PCBs, they usually cost more. SMT assembly on flexible areas requires special carriers. Flexible materials are also sensitive to heat and humidity, which may cause expansion or shrinkage.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Where are Flex-Rigid PCBs used?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\"><p data-start=\\\"963\\\" data-end=\\\"1041\\\">They are widely applied in:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"1042\\\" data-end=\\\"1284\\\"><li data-start=\\\"1042\\\" data-end=\\\"1103\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1044\\\" data-end=\\\"1103\\\">Consumer electronics (mobile phones, cameras, wearables).<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1104\\\" data-end=\\\"1176\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1106\\\" data-end=\\\"1176\\\">Automotive electronics (steering wheel controls, displays, sensors).<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1177\\\" data-end=\\\"1222\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1179\\\" data-end=\\\"1222\\\">Industrial equipment and medical devices.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1223\\\" data-end=\\\"1284\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1225\\\" data-end=\\\"1284\\\">Defense and aerospace systems requiring high reliability.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What should designers consider for Flex-Rigid PCBs?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1291\\\" data-end=\\\"1385\\\">Important tips include:<\\\/p><ol data-start=\\\"1386\\\" data-end=\\\"1778\\\"><li data-start=\\\"1386\\\" data-end=\\\"1499\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1389\\\" data-end=\\\"1499\\\">Communicate with the PCB manufacturer early about layer count, bend areas, impedance, and reliability needs.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1500\\\" data-end=\\\"1583\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1503\\\" data-end=\\\"1583\\\">Avoid heavy components in bend areas, and route traces along the neutral axis.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1584\\\" data-end=\\\"1636\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1587\\\" data-end=\\\"1636\\\">Use support fixtures for SMT on flexible areas.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1637\\\" data-end=\\\"1721\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1640\\\" data-end=\\\"1721\\\">Choose materials based on performance requirements (high reliability vs. cost).<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1722\\\" data-end=\\\"1778\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1725\\\" data-end=\\\"1778\\\">Consider total system cost, not just the PCB price.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1036\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"6\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1036\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What affects lead time and cost for flex-rigid PCBs?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1036\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"6\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1036\\\"><p>Main drivers are layer count, number of rigid-to-flex transitions, special materials, panelization complexity, and required testing. More layers, tight bend radii, and custom stiffeners increase cost and time. Prototype runs and small batches often need tooling or fixtures, which adds lead time. To reduce cost, consolidate features, standardize materials, and discuss lead-time tradeoffs with your supplier early.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/section>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-1907.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-1907.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"With the birth and development of FPC and PCB, a new product called rigid-flex board has emerged. What is Rigid-Flex [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1907","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1907"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1907\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4400,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1907\/revisions\/4400"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1907"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}