{"id":3585,"date":"2025-09-30T01:35:28","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T01:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=3585"},"modified":"2025-09-30T05:59:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T05:59:09","slug":"via-size-backdrill-high-speed-pcb-rules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/via-size-backdrill-high-speed-pcb-rules\/","title":{"rendered":"Putem veli\u010dine, predbu\u0161enja i pravila za visokobrzinske PCB-ove"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Via je jedan od klju\u010dnih dijelova vi\u0161eslojne tiskane plo\u010dice (PCB). Na mnogim plo\u010dicama tro\u0161kovi bu\u0161enja \u010dine oko 30\u201340% tro\u0161kova izrade plo\u010dice. Jednostavno re\u010deno, svaka rupa na PCB-u mo\u017ee se nazvati viom. Prema svojoj ulozi, via ima dvije glavne namjene: jedna je uspostavljanje elektri\u010dnih veza izme\u0111u slojeva, a druga je pri\u010dvr\u0161\u0107ivanje ili pozicioniranje komponenti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako pogledamo proizvodni proces, via-rupe se mogu podijeliti u tri tipa: slijepa via-rupa, zakopana via-rupa i prolazna via-rupa (via-rupa kroz rupu). Slijepa via-rupa po\u010dinje od gornje ili donje povr\u0161ine \u0161tampane plo\u010dice (PCB) i ide prema unutra\u0161njem sloju. Ima odre\u0111enu dubinu i koristi se za povezivanje povr\u0161inskih tragova sa tragovima unutra\u0161njeg sloja. Dubina slijepe via-rupe obi\u010dno ne prelazi odre\u0111eni omjer u odnosu na pre\u010dnik rupe. Ugra\u0111ena via je rupa koja povezuje samo unutra\u0161nje slojeve; ne dose\u017ee nijednu povr\u0161inu plo\u010de. I slijepe i ugra\u0111ene via se prave unutar plo\u010de prije laminacije, i tokom svog formiranja mogu se preklapati preko nekoliko unutra\u0161njih slojeva. Tre\u0107i tip je prolazna via. Ova rupa prolazi cijelim putem kroz plo\u010du. Mo\u017ee se koristiti za unutra\u0161nje povezivanje ili kao rupa za monta\u017eu ili pozicioniranje dijelova. Budu\u0107i da su prolazne rupe lak\u0161e za izradu i jeftinije, ve\u0107ina \u0161tampanih plo\u010dica koristi ih umjesto slijepih ili ukopavanih rupa. U ostatku ovog teksta, osim ako nije druga\u010dije navedeno, rije\u010d \u201cvia\u201d odnosi se na prolaznu rupu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"287\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Three-types-of-vias.webp\" alt=\"Three types of vias\" class=\"wp-image-3606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Three-types-of-vias.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Three-types-of-vias-300x123.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Putem strukture i za\u0161to je veli\u010dina va\u017ena<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sa dizajnerske ta\u010dke gledi\u0161ta, via ima dva glavna dijela. Jedan je rupa bu\u0161ena centrirnim svrdlom. Drugi je pad podru\u010dje oko bu\u0161ene rupe. Veli\u010dine ova dva dijela odre\u0111uju veli\u010dinu vie. Kada PCB treba visoku brzinu i visoku gusto\u0107u, dizajneri \u017eele da vie budu \u0161to manje. Male vie ostavljaju vi\u0161e prostora za rutiranje na plo\u010di. Tako\u0111er, manje vie imaju ni\u017eu parazitsku kapacitivnost, pa su pogodnije za visokobrzinske sklopove.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Me\u0111utim, smanjenje vija pove\u0107ava tro\u0161kove. Tako\u0111er, veli\u010dina vija se ne mo\u017ee neograni\u010deno smanjivati. Ograni\u010denje proizlazi iz procesa bu\u0161enja i pozlatnje. \u0160to je rupa manja, bu\u0161enje traje du\u017ee i bu\u0161ilica se mo\u017ee vi\u0161e odmaknuti od centra. Tako\u0111er, kada je dubina rupe ve\u0107a od \u0161est puta pre\u010dnika bu\u0161ilice, te\u0161ko je osigurati ravnomjernu pozlatnju zida rupe. Na primjer, normalna \u0161esteroslojna \u0161tampana plo\u010dica ima debljinu (dubinu via) od oko 50 mil. U tim uslovima, fabrika plo\u010dica obi\u010dno mo\u017ee bu\u0161iti do minimalnog pre\u010dnika od oko 8 mil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parazitska kapacitivnost vijke<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Via ima parazitsku kapacitivnost prema masi. Ako znamo da je promjer otvora za razmak od mase na ravnoj plo\u010di D2, promjer pad-a via-e D1, debljina PCB plo\u010de T i dielektri\u010dna konstanta podloge plo\u010de \u03b5, onda je pribli\u017ena parazitska kapacitivnost via-e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>C = 1.41 \u00d7 \u03b5 \u00d7 T \u00d7 D1 \/ (D2 \u2212 D1)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Ova formula daje razuman procjenu kapacitivnosti veze. Parazitska kapacitivnost uglavnom produ\u017euje vrijeme porasta signala i time smanjuje brzinu kola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Upotrijebimo konkretan primjer. Pretpostavimo da je debljina plo\u010de 50 mil. Unutra\u0161nji promjer vije je 10 mil, a promjer pade je 20 mil. Razmak izme\u0111u pade i povr\u0161ine bakra uzemljenja je 32 mil. Koriste\u0107i gornju formulu i uzimaju\u0107i \u03b5 = 4,4, dobijamo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>C = 1,41 \u00d7 4,4 \u00d7 0,050 \u00d7 0,020 \/ (0,032 \u2212 0,020) \u2248 0,517 pF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Ovaj iznos kapacitivnosti mijenja vrijeme porasta. Ako je karakteristi\u010dni impedans 55 oma, promjena vremena porasta 10%\u201390% uzrokovana ovom kapacitivno\u0161\u0107u je pribli\u017eno:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>T10\u221290 = 2.2 \u00d7 C \u00d7 (Z0 \/ 2) \u2248 2.2 \u00d7 0.517 \u00d7 (55 \/ 2) \u2248 31.28 ps\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Iz ovih brojeva vidimo da parasitska kapacitivnost jedne vijice ima samo mali utjecaj na vrijeme porasta. Ali ako signal pri promjeni slojeva pro\u0111e kroz mnogo vijica, taj se utjecaj zbraja. Tada dizajner mora pa\u017eljivo razmisliti o tome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parazitska indukcija vijke<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Uz parazitsku kapacitivnost, via tako\u0111er ima i parazitsku indukciju. U visokobrzinskom digitalnom dizajnu \u0161teta od parazitske indukcije via-e \u010desto je ve\u0107a od one uzrokovane parazitskom kapacitivno\u0161\u0107u. Serijska indukcija via-e mo\u017ee oslabiti djelovanje bypass kondenzatora i smanjiti filtracijsku u\u010dinkovitost cijelog napajnog sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednostavna aproksimativna formula za induktansu puta je:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>L = 5,08 \u00d7 h \u00d7 [ ln(4h \/ d) + 1 ]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>gdje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L je induktansa.,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>h je du\u017eina puta,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d je promjer sredi\u0161njeg burgija.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Iz formule vidimo da pre\u010dnik vije ima mali utjecaj na induktivnost, a du\u017eina vije ima najve\u0107i utjecaj. Koriste\u0107i gore navedeni primjer sa h = 0,050 i d = 0,010, dobijamo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>L = 5,08 \u00d7 0,050 \u00d7 [ ln(4 \u00d7 0,050 \/ 0,010) + 1 ] \u2248 1,015 nH\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako je vrijeme porasta signala 1 ns, ekvivalentna induktivna reaktansa je:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>XL = \u03c0 \u00d7 L \/ T10\u221290 \u2248 \u03c0 \u00d7 1,015 nH \/ 1 ns \u2248 3,19 \u03a9\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Kada je u pitanju visokofrekventna struja, impedansu na ovom nivou ne mo\u017ee se zanemariti. Tako\u0111er, imajte na umu da bypass kondenzator postavljen za povezivanje napojnog sloja i uzemljenja obi\u010dno zahtijeva dva via otvora. To zna\u010di da \u0107e induktansa via biti udvostru\u010dena za ovaj bypass put.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160ta ovo zna\u010di za projektovanje visokih brzina<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Iz gornje analize parasitskih puteva vidimo da naizgled jednostavan via mo\u017ee izazvati velike negativne efekte na visokobrzinskom \u0161tampanom plo\u010dici. Da bi se smanjili ovi problemi, dizajneri mogu primijeniti sljede\u0107e mjere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Odaberite razumnu veli\u010dinu veze.<\/strong><br>Razmislite o tro\u0161ku i kvaliteti signala. Na primjer, za PCB-ove memorijskih modula s 6 do 10 slojeva dobro je odabrati via dimenzija 10\/20 mil (bu\u0161enje\/pads). Za neke visokog gustog, male plo\u010de mo\u017eete isprobati vias od 8\/18 mil. Prema trenutnoj tehnologiji te\u0161ko je napraviti vias manje od toga. Za napojne ili uzemljene vias koristite ve\u0107e dimenzije kako biste smanjili impedanciju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Koristite tanju dasku ako je mogu\u0107e.<\/strong><br>Kao \u0161to formule pokazuju, tanja plo\u010da poma\u017ee smanjiti i kapacitivnost i indukativnost vijki.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Izbjegavajte nepotrebne promjene slojeva.<\/strong><br>Poku\u0161ajte usmjeriti signale bez prebacivanja slojeva. Drugim rije\u010dima, koristite \u0161to je mogu\u0107e manje vias.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Postavite pinove za napajanje i masu blizu via-a.<\/strong><br>Postavite pinove za napajanje i masu blizu njihovih via-a. Dr\u017eite vodove izme\u0111u via-a i pina \u0161to kra\u0107ima, jer du\u017ei vodovi pove\u0107avaju indukanciju. Koristite deblje tragove za napajanje i masu kako biste smanjili impedanciju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Postavite utore za uzemljenje u blizini utora za promjenu sloja signala.<\/strong><br>Postavite ground vias blizu vias gdje signali mijenjaju slojeve. Time signalu osiguravate obli\u017enji povratni put. Tako\u0111er mo\u017eete dodati mnogo dodatnih ground vias ako je potrebno. Ali budite fleksibilni. Model vias o kojem smo ranije govorili pretpostavljao je pad na svakom sloju. U nekim slu\u010dajevima mo\u017eete smanjiti ili ukloniti pade na nekim unutra\u0161njim slojevima. Kada je gusto\u0107a vias vrlo visoka, veliki padi na bakrenom pouru mogu formirati prekinutu petlju. Da biste to ispravili, mo\u017eete premjestiti neke vias ili smanjiti veli\u010dinu pade na odre\u0111enim slojevima.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dizajn visokobrzinskih PCB-ova \u2014 prakti\u010dni prijedlozi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Visokobrzinski PCB-ovi obi\u010dno koriste vi\u0161e slojeva, a viae su klju\u010dni faktor u dizajnu. Via na PCB-u ima tri dijela: samu rupu, pad oko rupe i zonu izolacije napojnog sloja (razmak na napojnim i masnim ravninama oko viae).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evo nekoliko prakti\u010dnih savjeta za vi\u0161eslojne plo\u010de visokih performansi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Putem preporuka veli\u010dine<\/strong><br>Za op\u0107e vi\u0161eslojne plo\u010de umjerene gusto\u0107e, via dimenzija 0,25 mm \/ 0,51 mm \/ 0,91 mm (bu\u0161enje \/ pad \/ izolacija napajanja) je dobar izbor. Za plo\u010de visoke gusto\u0107e, 0,20 mm \/ 0,46 mm \/ 0,86 mm mo\u017ee biti prikladno. Nepokrovljene vije mogu se koristiti u nekim dizajnima. Za vije za napajanje ili masu razmotrite ve\u0107e dimenzije radi smanjenja impedanse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zona izolacije napajanja<\/strong><br>\u0160to je ve\u0107a povr\u0161ina za izolaciju napajanja, to je bolje. Uzmite u obzir gusto\u0107u vijaka na ravnini. \u010cesto se koristi pravilo D1 = D2 + 0,41, \u0161to zna\u010di da promjer pad-a odgovara promjeru razmaka ravnine plus 0,41 mm. To poma\u017ee da razmak ravnine ostane dovoljno \u0161irok.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Minimizirajte promjene slojeva<\/strong><br>Smanjite vias izbjegavanjem nepotrebnih promjena slojeva u ruti signala.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Koristite tanje daske<\/strong><br>Tanje plo\u010de smanjuju kapacitivnost i indukativnost vijasa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kratke i \u0161iroke veze napajanja i zemlje<\/strong><br>Odr\u017eavajte vod od vijka do pinova napajanja ili zemlje kratkim. Napravite tragove \u0161to je mogu\u0107e \u0161ire za napajanje ili zemlju kako biste smanjili induktivnu impedanciju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zemljovanje putem isprekidnog uzemljenja u blizini viasa promjene slojeva<\/strong><br>Dodajte uzemljenja blizu vias-a kroz koje signal prolazi izme\u0111u slojeva. To signalu omogu\u0107ava kratak put povratka.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Tako\u0111er imajte na umu da je du\u017eina vijke glavni faktor za induktansu vijke. Kod vijaka koji prolaze kroz gornji i donji sloj, du\u017eina vijke jednaka je punoj debljini plo\u010de. Kako se broj slojeva pove\u0107ava, debljina plo\u010de mo\u017ee prema\u0161iti 5 mm. U projektovanju visokih brzina, du\u017eina vijke se obi\u010dno dr\u017ei ispod 2,0 mm kako bi se smanjili problemi povezani s vijkama. Za du\u017eine vijaka ve\u0107e od 2,0 mm, pove\u0107anje pre\u010dnika vijka mo\u017ee pomo\u0107i u obnavljanju kontinuiteta impedanse. Kada je du\u017eina vijka 1,0 mm ili manje, najbolji pre\u010dnik vijka je oko 0,20 mm do 0,30 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ponovno bu\u0161enje u proizvodnji tiskanih plo\u010dica<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0160ta je backdrilling?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Backdrilling je poseban korak bu\u0161enja koji se koristi kod plo\u010dica sa dubokim rupama. Na primjer, pri izradi 12-slojnog \u0161tampanog plo\u010dica mo\u017eda \u017eelimo povezati sloj 1 sa slojem 9. Obi\u010dno jednom izbu\u0161imo prolaznu rupu, a zatim je oblo\u017eimo. Ta via se zatim prote\u017ee od sloja 1 do sloja 12, ali nam je potrebna samo veza izme\u0111u sloja 1 i sloja 9. Dodatni dio od sloja 10 do sloja 12 djeluje kao ostatak. Taj ostatak utje\u010de na signalne puteve i mo\u017ee uzrokovati probleme s integritetom signala kod komunikacijskih signala. Da bismo uklonili taj dodatni ostatak, izbu\u0161imo ga s stra\u017enje strane \u2014 drugi korak bu\u0161enja. To se naziva backdrilling. U praksi proizvo\u0111a\u010di ne izbore svaki posljednji komadi\u0107, jer kasniji koraci uklanjaju dio bakra, a svrdlo ima su\u017eeni vrh. Stoga fabrika obi\u010dno ostavlja vrlo mali ostatak. Preostala du\u017eina ostatka naziva se vrijednost B, a dobra vrijednost B je obi\u010dno izme\u0111u 50 \u03bcm i 150 \u03bcm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"349\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/backdrilling.webp\" alt=\"backdrilling\" class=\"wp-image-3605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/backdrilling.webp 500w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/backdrilling-300x209.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Za\u0161to bu\u0161iti unazad?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Naknadno bu\u0161enje donosi nekoliko prednosti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Smanjuje buku i smetnje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pobolj\u0161ava integritet signala.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mo\u017ee u\u010diniti lokalno podru\u010dje plo\u010de tanjim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Smanjuje potrebu za zakopanim ili slijepim viasima, smanjuju\u0107i slo\u017eenost plo\u010de.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u0160ta radi backdrilling?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Backdrilling uklanja dio via-e koji ne doprinosi povezivanju ili prijenosu signala. To sprje\u010dava refleksije, rasipanje, ka\u0161njenje i druge efekte koji uzrokuju iskrivljenje signala. Istra\u017eivanja pokazuju da, osim dizajna, materijala plo\u010de, prijenosnih linija, konektora i pakovanja \u010dipa, krozne via-e imaju veliki utjecaj na integritet signala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Radni princip nazadnog bu\u0161enja<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Backdrilling koristi bu\u0161ilicu koja se pozicionira detekcijom povr\u0161ine \u0161tampane plo\u010dice. Kada vrh bu\u0161ilice dodirne bakrenu foliju na povr\u0161ini plo\u010dice, generi\u0161e se mikrotok. Taj tok ma\u0161ini daje visinu povr\u0161ine plo\u010dice. Ma\u0161ina zatim bu\u0161i do zadane dubine i zaustavlja se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Koraci procesa naknadnog bu\u0161enja<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tipi\u010dan proces naknadnog bu\u0161enja mo\u017ee izgledati ovako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Na PCB postavite registracijske rupe. Koristite ove rupe za prvi korak bu\u0161enja (prohodnu rupu).<br>b. Nakon prvog bu\u0161enja, zalemite rupe. Prije lemljenja, po potrebi koristite suhi film za za\u0161titu rupa za registraciju.<br>c. Napravite \u0161ablonu vanjskog sloja na pozla\u0107enoj plo\u010di.<br>d. Izradite plo\u010du s uzorkom. Prije izrade plo\u010de s uzorkom, po potrebi ponovno tretirajte registracijske rupe suhim filmom.<br>e. Koristite rupe za registraciju iz prvog bu\u0161enja da pozicionirate plo\u010du za naknadno bu\u0161enje. Upotrijebite svrdlo da izbu\u0161ite presvu\u010dene dijelove koji se trebaju naknadno izbu\u0161iti.<br>f. Nakon provla\u010denja bu\u0161ilice, isperite provu\u010dene rupe kako biste uklonili svu pra\u0161inu i ostatke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Tehni\u010dke karakteristike plo\u010dica s naknadno izbu\u0161enim rupama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tipi\u010dne tehni\u010dke karakteristike uklju\u010duju:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ve\u0107ina nazad bu\u0161enih plo\u010da su krute plo\u010de.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Broj slojeva obi\u010dno se kre\u0107e od 8 do 50 slojeva.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Debljina plo\u010de je \u010desto 2,5 mm ili vi\u0161e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Omjer debljine i pre\u010dnika je relativno velik.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Veli\u010dine plo\u010da su velike.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Po\u010detni minimalni promjer bu\u0161enja obi\u010dno je \u2265 0,3 mm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Otkaza na vanjskom sloju je malo; plo\u010da \u010desto koristi pin\u010d-array za press-fit otvore.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rupe za povratno bu\u0161enje obi\u010dno su 0,2 mm ve\u0107e od rupa koje treba ukloniti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tolerancija dubine nazadnog bu\u0161enja je oko \u00b10,05 mm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ako bu\u0161enje unazad mora dose\u0107i sloj M, onda debljina dielektrika od sloja M do sloja M\u22121 mora biti najmanje 0,17 mm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/backdrilled-board.webp\" alt=\"backdrilled board\" class=\"wp-image-3604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/backdrilled-board.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/backdrilled-board-300x225.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Tipi\u010dne primjene za plo\u010dice s naknadno izbu\u0161enim rupama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Backdrilled plo\u010de se uglavnom koriste u podru\u010djima koja zahtijevaju vrlo dobru integritet signala i velike strukture. Uobi\u010dajena podru\u010dja primjene su komunikacijska oprema, veliki serveri, medicinska elektronika, vojna i zrakoplovna industrija. Budu\u0107i da su vojna i zrakoplovna industrija osjetljiva podru\u010dja, backplane plo\u010de za ta podru\u010dja \u010desto izra\u0111uju istra\u017eiva\u010dki instituti, centri za istra\u017eivanje i razvoj ili proizvo\u0111a\u010di tiskanih plo\u010dica (PCB) s jakim iskustvom u tim oblastima. U Kini najve\u0107u potra\u017enju za backplane plo\u010dama ima komunikacijska industrija, koja brzo raste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sa\u017eetak<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ukratko, vije su jednostavne, ali klju\u010dne. One povezuju slojeve i tako\u0111er dodaju parazitsku kapacitivnost i indukativnost. Ovi paraziti utje\u010du i na vrijeme porasta signala i na u\u010dinkovitost bypass kondenzatora. Duljina vije uglavnom odre\u0111uje indukativnost. Veli\u010dina vije, veli\u010dina pad-a i razmak utje\u010du na kapacitivnost. Za visokobrzinske dizajne koristite sljede\u0107u kontrolnu listu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Odaberite veli\u010dine via koje odgovaraju gusto\u0107i i cijeni plo\u010de. Za mnoge plo\u010de 10\/20 mil je dobro; za gu\u0161\u0107e plo\u010de poku\u0161ajte 8\/18 mil. Za napajne\/zemljene via odaberite ve\u0107e veli\u010dine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Koristite tanku plo\u010du ako je mogu\u0107e. To smanjuje parasitske otpore na vijama.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Izbjegavajte nepotrebne promjene slojeva. Odr\u017eavajte rutiranje na istom sloju kad god mo\u017eete.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postavite pinove za napajanje i masu blizu via-a i odr\u017eavajte spojeve kratkim i \u0161irokim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dodajte tla\u010dne veze blizu signalnih veza koje mijenjaju slojeve kako bi se dobio kratak povratni put.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Za duge trase ili duboke plo\u010dice razmotrite ponovno bu\u0161enje kako biste uklonili ostatke koji naru\u0161avaju visokobrzinske signale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kada je gusto\u0107a ve\u0107a, razmotrite smanjenje veli\u010dina padova na nekim unutra\u0161njim slojevima kako biste izbjegli prekid bakrenih izlijevanja.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Slijedite ova pravila i razmi\u0161ljajte o cijelom sistemu, a ne samo o jednoj via. U dizajnu visokih brzina mali detalji se sabiraju. Pa\u017eljivo planiranje via pobolj\u0161at \u0107e rad va\u0161e plo\u010de, smanjiti rizik i u\u0161tedjeti vrijeme kasnije pri otklanjanju gre\u0161aka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A via is one of the key parts of a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB). In many boards, drilling costs [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3607,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"spectra_custom_meta":{"_edit_lock":["1760420477:1"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_seo_score":["17"],"_uag_custom_page_level_css":[""],"site-sidebar-layout":["default"],"site-content-layout":[""],"ast-site-content-layout":["default"],"site-content-style":["default"],"site-sidebar-style":["default"],"ast-global-header-display":[""],"ast-banner-title-visibility":[""],"ast-main-header-display":[""],"ast-hfb-above-header-display":[""],"ast-hfb-below-header-display":[""],"ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":[""],"site-post-title":[""],"ast-breadcrumbs-content":[""],"ast-featured-img":[""],"footer-sml-layout":[""],"theme-transparent-header-meta":[""],"adv-header-id-meta":[""],"stick-header-meta":[""],"header-above-stick-meta":[""],"header-main-stick-meta":[""],"header-below-stick-meta":[""],"astra-migrate-meta-layouts":["default"],"ast-page-background-enabled":["default"],"ast-page-background-meta":["a:3:{s:7:\"desktop\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-5)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"tablet\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"mobile\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"ast-content-background-meta":["a:3:{s:7:\"desktop\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"tablet\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"mobile\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":[""],"_elementor_template_type":[""],"_elementor_data":[""],"_elementor_conditions":["a:0:{}"],"_edit_last":["1"],"_thumbnail_id":["3607"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-3585.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-3585.js"],"_elementor_page_assets":["a:0:{}"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:30170:\".uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media(max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media(max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important}}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap,.uagb-social-share__wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap,.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-social-share__wrap{flex-direction:column}.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:first-child{margin-top:0 !important}.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:last-child{margin-bottom:0 !important}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap a.uagb-button__link:focus{box-shadow:none}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__wrapper{padding:0;margin-left:5px;margin-right:5px;transition:all .2s;display:inline-flex;text-align:center}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__source-wrap{display:inline-block}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__link{color:#3a3a3a;display:inline-table;line-height:0;cursor:pointer}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__source-icon{font-size:40px;width:40px;height:40px}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__source-image{width:40px}@media(max-width: 976px){.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:first-child{margin-left:0 !important}.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:last-child{margin-right:0 !important}.wp-block-uagb-social-share .uagb-social-share__wrapper{text-decoration:none}.uagb-social-share__wrapper{box-shadow:none}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap:not(.uagb-social-share__no-label) .uagb-social-share__source-wrap{margin-right:15px}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap.uagb-social-share__icon-at-top .uagb-social-share__source-wrap{-ms-flex-item-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;margin-top:5px}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__link{padding: 10px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__link{padding: 10px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child {border-radius: 0px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-wrap{width: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-wrap svg{width: 30px;height: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-image{width: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-icon{width: 30px;height: 30px;font-size: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap{justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #55acee;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #55acee;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #55acee;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #55acee;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #0077b5;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #0077b5;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #0077b5;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #0077b5;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap{justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap{justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;}}.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap a.uagb-cta__block-link span,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta-typeof-button,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta-with-svg{display:inline-block}.uagb-cta__outer-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .uagb-cta__buttons{display:inline-flex}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .wp-block-button__link,.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .ast-outline-button{fill:currentColor;justify-content:center}.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper,.uagb-cta-second__button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;word-break:keep-all;width:100%}.uagb-cta__title{padding:0;margin:0;display:block}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper{float:right}.uagb-cta__link-wrapper.uagb-cta__block-link-style:empty{display:none}a.uagb-cta__block-link,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link,a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap{text-decoration:none}a.uagb-cta__block-link:hover,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link:hover,a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap:hover,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap:hover .entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link:hover{color:inherit}.uagb-cta__content-right{text-align:right;justify-content:flex-end}.uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{width:100%;word-break:break-word}.uagb-cta__icon-position-below-title .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{display:block;min-width:100%;width:100%}.uagb-cta__icon-position-left .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap,.uagb-cta__icon-position-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{display:flex}.uagb-cta__icon-position-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{justify-content:flex-end}.uagb-cta__block-link-icon-after{margin-left:5px;margin-right:0}.uagb-cta__block-link-icon-before{margin-left:0;margin-right:5px}.uagb-cta__block-link-icon,.uagb-cta__block svg{transition:all 200ms linear}.uagb-cta__block{position:relative}.uagb-cta-typeof-button{line-height:1;text-align:center}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper,.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta-second__button .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link,.uagb-cta__content-right.uagb-cta__button-valign-middle .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{display:flex;align-items:center}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper,.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta-second__button .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link{justify-content:center}.uagb-cta__link-wrapper a{box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none}.uagb-cta__block,.uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{z-index:1}.uagb-cta__block-link{cursor:pointer}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link{float:right;padding:10px 14px}a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap{color:inherit}.uagb-cta__content p:empty{display:none}.uagb-cta__button-type-none .uagb-cta__content{width:100%}.uagb-cta-with-svg{height:14px;width:14px;line-height:14px;vertical-align:middle}.uagb-cta__block svg{display:block;height:inherit;width:inherit}.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper svg{width:20px;height:20px}.uagb-cta__align-button-after{margin-left:5px}.uagb-cta__align-button-before{margin-right:5px}.uagb-cta__block-link i{font-style:normal}a.uagb-cta__link-to-all{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:11}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action{position:relative}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta__link-to-all{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:11}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px){.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{flex-direction:column;text-align:center}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper{float:none;margin:0 auto}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width:100% !important}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px){.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{flex-direction:column;text-align:center}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper{float:none;margin:0 auto}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width:100% !important}}.uagb-cta__desc p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .uagb-cta__title{margin-bottom: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .uagb-cta__desc{margin-bottom: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__align-button-after{margin-left: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__align-button-before{margin-right: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper > svg{margin-left: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta-second__button > svg{margin-left: 10px;font-size: 14px;width: 14px;height: 14px;line-height: 14px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-wrap{text-align: left;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__wrap{width: 70%;text-align: left;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action{text-align: left;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{margin-left: 0px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__buttons{column-gap: 15px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action {display: flex;justify-content: space-between;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{width: 70%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width: 30%;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper {align-self: center;height: fit-content;margin-left: auto;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action  {flex-direction: row;align-items: center;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button a.uagb-cta-second__button{align-self: center;height: fit-content;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button a.uagb-cta-second__button:hover{background-color: !important;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button a.uagb-cta-second__button:focus{background-color: !important;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__button-wrapper a.uagb-cta-typeof-button{color: #333;border-style: solid;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button .uagb-cta__buttons a.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper.wp-block-button__link{border-style: solid;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta-second__button{text-transform: normal;text-decoration: none;font-size: 14px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet {display: inherit;}#uagb-cta-block-.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet .uagb-cta__wrap{width: 100%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width: 30%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__wrap{text-align: center;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action {flex-direction: column;align-items: center;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile {display: inherit;}#uagb-cta-block-.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile .uagb-cta__wrap{width: 100%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__buttons{justify-content: center;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width: 30%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__wrap{text-align: center;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action {flex-direction: column;align-items: center;}}.uagb-icon-list__wrap{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{padding:0;transition:all .2s;display:inline-flex;color:#3a3a3a;align-items:center;text-decoration:none;box-shadow:none}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child span.uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{display:block;align-items:center}.uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{display:block}.uagb-icon-list__source-image{width:40px}.uagb-icon-list__outer-wrap .uagb-icon-list__content-wrap{color:#3a3a3a;display:flex;align-items:center}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{position:relative}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child>a{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}img.uagb-icon-list__source-image{max-width:unset}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__label{word-break:break-word}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-image{width: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{width: 16px;height: 16px;font-size: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{padding: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-width: 0px;align-self: center;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__label{text-decoration: !important;line-height: em;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__wrap{display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: flex-start;align-items: flex-start;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__label{text-align: left;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{text-decoration: !important;line-height: em;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a.wp-block-uagb-icon-list .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 10px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{margin-right: 15px;}.uagb-block-ddf54d80.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-ddf54d80.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child:hover .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-b45e4180.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-b45e4180.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child:hover .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-6962245c.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-6962245c.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child:hover .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-image{width: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{width: 16px;height: 16px;font-size: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap {padding: 0px;border-width: 0px;align-self: center;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__wrap{display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: flex-start;align-items: flex-start;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a.wp-block-uagb-icon-list .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 10px;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-image{width: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{width: 16px;height: 16px;font-size: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{padding: 0px;border-width: 0px;align-self: center;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__wrap{display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: flex-start;align-items: flex-start;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a.wp-block-uagb-icon-list .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 10px;}}.wp-block-uagb-container{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;transition-property:box-shadow;transition-duration:.2s;transition-timing-function:ease}.wp-block-uagb-container .spectra-container-link-overlay{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:10}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-blockquote,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-login,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-register{margin:unset}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap{height:100%;width:100%;top:0;left:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:opacity 1s;-o-transition:opacity 1s;transition:opacity 1s}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;line-height:1;border:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;background-size:cover}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid{display:grid;width:100%}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;width:inherit}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignwide.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-info-box),body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap,body .wp-block-uagb-container>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-container-link-overlay):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-lottie):not(.uagb-faq__outer-wrap){min-width:unset !important;width:100%;position:relative}body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container ol,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap ol{max-width:-webkit-fill-available;margin-block-start:0;margin-block-end:0;margin-left:20px}.ast-plain-container .editor-styles-wrapper .block-editor-block-list__layout.is-root-container .uagb-is-root-container.wp-block-uagb-container.alignwide{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.uagb-container__shape{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;line-height:0;direction:ltr}.uagb-container__shape-top{top:-3px}.uagb-container__shape-bottom{bottom:-3px}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-bottom,.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-top{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-flip svg{transform:translateX(-50%) rotateY(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape svg{display:block;width:-webkit-calc(100% + 1.3px);width:calc(100% + 1.3px);position:relative;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}.uagb-container__shape .uagb-container__shape-fill{-webkit-transform-origin:center;-ms-transform-origin:center;transform-origin:center;-webkit-transform:rotateY(0deg);transform:rotateY(0deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-above-content{z-index:9;pointer-events:none}.nv-single-page-wrap .nv-content-wrap.entry-content .wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw)}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading{width:-webkit-fill-available}}.wp-block-uagb-image--align-none{justify-content:center}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape-top svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-top .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape-bottom svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-bottom .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__video-wrap video{opacity: 1;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-845e6da6{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-845e6da6 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1200px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;justify-content: center;flex-wrap: nowrap;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6{box-shadow: 0px 0px   #00000070 ;padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;overflow: visible;order: initial;border-color: inherit;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-845e6da6{width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-845e6da6 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1024px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-845e6da6{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-845e6da6 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 767px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-wrap: wrap;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}.wp-block-uagb-icon svg{width:30px}.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{transition:box-shadow .2s ease} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper{text-align: center;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper a{display: contents;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper svg{width: 40px;height: 40px;transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: content-box;fill: #333;filter: drop-shadow( 0px 0px 0px #00000070 );} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 5px;border-style: default;box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:hover{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:focus-visible{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) { .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper{text-align: center;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper a{display: contents;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper svg{width: 40px;height: 40px;transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: content-box;fill: #333;filter: drop-shadow( 0px 0px 0px #00000070 );} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 5px;border-style: default;box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:hover{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:focus-visible{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) { .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape-top svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-top .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape-bottom svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-bottom .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__video-wrap video{opacity: 1;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1200px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;justify-content: center;flex-wrap: nowrap;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{box-shadow: 0px 0px   #00000070 ;padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;overflow: visible;order: initial;border-color: inherit;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1024px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 767px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-wrap: wrap;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}\";s:2:\"js\";s:2038:\"document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function(){ var ssLinksParent = document.querySelector( '.uagb-block-015f0124' );\nssLinksParent?.addEventListener( 'keyup', function ( e ) {\nvar link = e.target.closest( '.uagb-ss__link' );\nif ( link && e.keyCode === 13 ) {\n\thandleSocialLinkClick( link );\n}\n});\n\nssLinksParent?.addEventListener( 'click', function ( e ) {\nvar link = e.target.closest( '.uagb-ss__link' );\nif ( link ) {\n\thandleSocialLinkClick( link );\n}\n});\n\nfunction handleSocialLinkClick( link ) {\nvar social_url = link.dataset.href;\nvar target = \"\";\nif ( social_url == \"mailto:?body=\" ) {\n\ttarget = \"_self\";\n}\nvar request_url = \"\";\nif ( social_url.indexOf(\"\/pin\/create\/link\/?url=\") !== -1 ) {\n\trequest_url = social_url + encodeURIComponent( window.location.href ) + \"&media=\" + 'https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Via-Size-Backdrill-High-Speed-PCB-Rules.webp';\n} else {\n\trequest_url = social_url + encodeURIComponent( window.location.href );\n}\nwindow.open( request_url, target );\n}\n\t\t\t\twindow.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', () => {\n\t\t\t\t\tconst blockScope = document.querySelector( '.uagb-block-2b67c985' );\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( ! blockScope ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tconst anchorElement = blockScope.querySelector('a');\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!anchorElement) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t} \n\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\tblockScope.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( 13 === event.keyCode || 32 === event.keyCode ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanchorElement.click();\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twindow.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', () => {\n\t\t\t\t\tconst blockScope = document.querySelector( '.uagb-block-3c223d05' );\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( ! blockScope ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tconst anchorElement = blockScope.querySelector('a');\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!anchorElement) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t} \n\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\tblockScope.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( 13 === event.keyCode || 32 === event.keyCode ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanchorElement.click();\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t });\";s:18:\"current_block_list\";a:23:{i:0;s:14:\"core\/paragraph\";i:1;s:10:\"core\/image\";i:2;s:12:\"core\/heading\";i:3;s:9:\"core\/code\";i:4;s:9:\"core\/list\";i:5;s:14:\"core\/list-item\";i:6;s:14:\"core\/separator\";i:7;s:11:\"core\/search\";i:8;s:10:\"core\/group\";i:9;s:17:\"core\/latest-posts\";i:10;s:20:\"core\/latest-comments\";i:11;s:13:\"core\/archives\";i:12;s:15:\"core\/categories\";i:13;s:10:\"core\/embed\";i:14;s:17:\"uagb\/social-share\";i:15;s:23:\"uagb\/social-share-child\";i:16;s:19:\"uagb\/call-to-action\";i:17;s:14:\"uagb\/icon-list\";i:18;s:20:\"uagb\/icon-list-child\";i:19;s:14:\"uagb\/container\";i:20;s:9:\"uagb\/icon\";i:21;s:17:\"core\/social-links\";i:22;s:16:\"core\/social-link\";}s:8:\"uag_flag\";b:1;s:11:\"uag_version\";s:10:\"1780639944\";s:6:\"gfonts\";a:0:{}s:10:\"gfonts_url\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"gfonts_files\";a:0:{}s:14:\"uag_faq_layout\";b:0;}"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Via-Size-Backdrill-High-Speed-PCB-Rules.webp",800,502,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Via-Size-Backdrill-High-Speed-PCB-Rules-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Via-Size-Backdrill-High-Speed-PCB-Rules-300x188.webp",300,188,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Via-Size-Backdrill-High-Speed-PCB-Rules-768x482.webp",768,482,true],"large":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Via-Size-Backdrill-High-Speed-PCB-Rules.webp",800,502,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Via-Size-Backdrill-High-Speed-PCB-Rules.webp",800,502,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Via-Size-Backdrill-High-Speed-PCB-Rules.webp",800,502,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Via-Size-Backdrill-High-Speed-PCB-Rules.webp",18,12,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"A via is one of the key parts of a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB). In many boards, drilling costs [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3585"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3585\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3617,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3585\/revisions\/3617"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}