{"id":4625,"date":"2026-01-16T09:48:58","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T09:48:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4625"},"modified":"2026-01-16T09:49:00","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T09:49:00","slug":"aluminum-substrate-pcb-guide-thermal-design-led-uses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/aluminum-substrate-pcb-guide-thermal-design-led-uses\/","title":{"rendered":"Vodi\u010d za aluminijske PCB podloge: termalni dizajn i primjene sa LED diodama"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160ta je aluminijski supstrat?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedan <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/aluminum-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1913\">aluminijumska podloga<\/a> je metal-core plo\u010da oblo\u017eena bakrom s dobrom disipacijom topline. Tipi\u010dna jednostrana plo\u010da ima tri sloja: sloj kruga (bakrena folija), dielektri\u010dni (izolacijski) sloj i metalni bazni sloj. Za vrhunske primjene postoje i dvostrane plo\u010de s ovim slojevima: sloj kruga, dielektri\u010dni sloj, aluminijska podloga, dielektri\u010dni sloj, sloj kruga. Nekoliko posebnih slu\u010dajeva koristi vi\u0161eslojne plo\u010de izra\u0111ene laminiranjem obi\u010dnih <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/multilayer-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2630\">Vi\u0161eslojna tiskanica<\/a> s dielektri\u010dnim slojevima i aluminijskom bazom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kako funkcioni\u0161e aluminijski podloga<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pojasni dijelovi su montirani na sloj kola. Toplina koju dijelovi stvaraju brzo se prenosi kroz dielektri\u010dni sloj u metalnu podlogu. Metalna podloga zatim raspr\u0161uje i otpu\u0161ta toplinu. Tako se dijelovi hlade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Struktura aluminijskog podloge<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bakrena plo\u010da oblo\u017eena aluminijem je materijal metalne \u0161tampane plo\u010de napravljen od bakrene folije, toplinski provodljivog dielektri\u010dnog sloja i metalne osnove. Tipi\u010dna tri sloja su:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sloj kola (Sloj kola)<\/strong>Poput sloja oblo\u017eenog bakrom na obi\u010dnoj tiskanoj plo\u010dici. Debljina bakra kre\u0107e se od 1 oz do 10 oz (otprilike 35 \u00b5m do 280 \u00b5m). Bakar se gravira kako bi se oblikovao tiskani krug. Budu\u0107i da plo\u010da \u010desto mora voditi ve\u0107e struje, koristi se deblji bakar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dielektri\u010dni sloj (DIELEKTRICNI SLOJ)<\/strong>: Izolacijski sloj niske toplotne otpornosti i toplotne provodljivosti. Ovo je osnovna tehnologija. Obi\u010dno je rije\u010d o posebnom polimeru ispunjavanom keramikom. Ima nisku toplotnu otpornost, dobra viskoelasti\u010dna svojstva i otpornost na starenje uslijed toplote. Mo\u017ee podnijeti mehani\u010dki i toplotni stres. Ovaj sloj omogu\u0107ava plo\u010di da kombinira dobru toplotnu provodljivost i visoku elektri\u010dnu izolaciju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Osnovni sloj (OSNOVNI SLOJ)<\/strong>: Metalna podloga, obi\u010dno od aluminija ili ponekad od bakra (bakar ima bolju toplinsku provodljivost). Metalna podloga podupire plo\u010du. Mora imati visoku toplinsku provodljivost i biti pogodna za bu\u0161enje, probijanje i rezanje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>U pore\u0111enju s tradicionalnim materijalima za \u0161tampane plo\u010dice, aluminijske podloge imaju o\u010digledne prednosti: pogodne su za SMT monta\u017eu snagnih komponenti bez zasebnog hladnjaka, smanjuju veli\u010dinu proizvoda, pru\u017eaju izvrsno hla\u0111enje, a istovremeno zadr\u017eavaju dobru izolaciju i mehani\u010dku \u010dvrsto\u0107u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Structure-of-an-Aluminum-Substrate-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4632\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Structure-of-an-Aluminum-Substrate-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Structure-of-an-Aluminum-Substrate-1-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Structure-of-an-Aluminum-Substrate-1-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Structure-of-an-Aluminum-Substrate-1-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Performanse aluminijskih podloga<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-assembly\/smt-assembly\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1923\">Podr\u017eite tehnologiju povr\u0161inskog monta\u017eiranja (SMT)<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vrlo u\u010dinkovito raspr\u0161ivanje topline u dizajnu kola.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ni\u017ea radna temperatura, ve\u0107a gusto\u0107a snage i pouzdanost te du\u017ei vijek trajanja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Smanjiti veli\u010dinu proizvoda i smanjiti tro\u0161kove hardvera i monta\u017ee.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zamijenite lomljivo<a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/ceramic-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2364\"> kerami\u010dki supstrati<\/a> s boljom mehani\u010dkom izdr\u017eljivo\u0161\u0107u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proizvodne mogu\u0107nosti (tipi\u010dne specifikacije procesa)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Stavka<\/th><th>Sposobnost \/ Specifikacija<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Tipovi plo\u010da<\/td><td>Aluminijumska podloga, bakrena podloga, \u017eeljezna podloga<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zavr\u0161na obrada povr\u0161ine<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/enig-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2398\">Ugra\u0111eno zlato (ENIG)<\/a>, sprej za srebro, posuda za uranjanje, hemijsko srebro, <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/osp-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2386\">OSP<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slojevi<\/td><td>Jednostrani, dvostrani, \u010detveroslojni<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maksimalna veli\u010dina<\/td><td>1185 mm \u00d7 480 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minimalna veli\u010dina<\/td><td>5 mm \u00d7 5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Min linija\/razmak<\/td><td>0,1 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iskrivljenje plo\u010de<\/td><td>\u2264 0,51 TP3T (za debljinu 1,6 mm, veli\u010dinu 300 mm \u00d7 300 mm)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Obradena debljina<\/td><td>0,3 \u2013 5,0 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Debljina bakra<\/td><td>35 \u00b5m \u2013 240 \u00b5m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stvaranje tolerancije<\/td><td>\u00b10,15 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preciznost poravnanja V-reza<\/td><td>\u00b10,1 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Proizvodni kapacitet<\/td><td>7000 m\u00b2 \/ mjesec<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Odstupanje polo\u017eaja rupe<\/td><td>\u00b10,076 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Formiranje primjera tolerancije<\/td><td>Kontura iz CNC obrade: \u00b10,1 mm; kontura probijanja\/kalupa: \u00b10,15 mm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pojmovi procesa i obja\u0161njenja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bo\u010dno graviranje<\/strong>: Graviranje koje se doga\u0111a na bo\u010dnom zidu ispod uzorka rezista. Bo\u010dno graviranje mjeri se bo\u010dnom \u0161irinom graviranja. Ovisno je o vrsti graviraju\u0107eg sredstva, sastavu, procesu i opremi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Faktor \u017earenja<\/strong>: Omjer debljine provodnika (ne ra\u010dunaju\u0107i prevlaku) i koli\u010dine bo\u010dnog izlaganja. Faktor izlaganja = V \/ X (V = debljina provodnika, X = bo\u010dno izlaganje). Vi\u0161i faktor izlaganja zna\u010di manje bo\u010dnog izlaganja. Tanke staze visoke gusto\u0107e zahtijevaju visok faktor izlaganja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pro\u0161irenje pozadinskog sloja (pro\u0161irenje pozadinskog sloja)<\/strong>Tokom platinga uzoraka metalni sloj mo\u017ee biti deblji od rezista, \u0161to pove\u0107ava \u0161irinu tragova. Debljina sloja pri platingu zavisi od debljine rezista i ukupne debljine platinga i treba je minimizirati.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Izbo\u010dina oplate (preklop oplate)<\/strong>: Zbir debljine talo\u017eenja i bo\u010dnog izlaganja. Ako ne postoji debljina talo\u017eenja, projekcija talo\u017eenja jednaka je koli\u010dini bo\u010dnog izlaganja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stopa graviranja<\/strong>Dubina metala rastvorenog etsnom po jedinici vremena (obi\u010dno \u00b5m\/min) ili vrijeme potrebno za uklanjanje zadane debljine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kapacitet otapanja bakra<\/strong>: Koli\u010dina bakra koju otapa\u010d mo\u017ee otopiti pri zadanoj brzini graviranja. Obi\u010dno se navodi u g\/L. Svaki otapa\u010d ima fiksni kapacitet otapanja bakra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pakovanje za aluminijske podloge (LED pakovanje)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/led-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1911\">LED ambala\u017ea<\/a> Omogu\u0107ava LED \u010dipu platformu za pobolj\u0161anje opti\u010dkih, elektri\u010dnih i toplinskih performansi. Dobro pakovanje pove\u0107ava efikasnost LED-a i raspr\u0161ivanje toplote, \u0161to produ\u017eava vijek trajanja. Dizajn LED pakovanja zasniva se na pet klju\u010dnih faktora: efikasnost opti\u010dkog izdvajanja, toplinska otpornost, rasipanje snage, pouzdanost i isplativost (Lm\/$).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Svi faktori su va\u017eni. Opti\u010dka ekstrakcija utje\u010de na tro\u0161ak po lumenu. Toplinska otpornost utje\u010de na pouzdanost i vijek trajanja. Rasipanje snage utje\u010de na primjenu kod kupca. Dobra ambala\u017ea uravnote\u017euje ove faktore i zadovoljava potrebe kupaca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obi\u010dno se jednostruki ili dvostruki aluminijumski substrati koriste kao hladnjaci. Jedan ili vi\u0161e \u010dipova se direktno prika\u010di na aluminijumsku (ili bakarnu) podlogu. p i n elektrode \u010dipa su \u017eicom spojene na tanki sloj bakra na povr\u0161ini substrata. Broj \u010dipova na plo\u010di zavisi od potrebne snage; pakovanja se mogu kombinovati kako bi se napravile visokosilne LED diode od 1 W, 2 W i 3 W. Na kraju se materijal visokog indeksa loma pre\u0161a ili nanosi preko LED dioda u skladu s opti\u010dkim dizajnom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aluminijske bazi\u010dne metalne legure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Uobi\u010dajene aluminijske serije koje se koriste za podloge su serije 1000, 5000 i 6000:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Serija 1000<\/strong>Primjeri 1050, 1060, 1070. To su gotovo \u010disti aluminij (\u2265 99% Al). Jednostavni su za proizvodnju i jeftini. \u0160iroko se koriste u op\u0107oj industriji.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>serija 5000<\/strong>Primjeri 5052, 5005, 5083, 5A05. To su legure aluminij-magnezijuma (Mg ~3\u20135%). Imaju nisku gusto\u0107u, visoku \u010dvrsto\u0107u na istezanje i dobru izdu\u017eenost. Te\u017eina je manja za istu povr\u0161inu. Koriste se u avijaciji (rezervoari za gorivo) i u op\u0107oj industrijskoj upotrebi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>serija 6000<\/strong>Primjer 6061. Sadr\u017ee\u0107i magnezij (Mg) i silicij (Si), ova serija kombinuje prednosti serija 4000 i 5000. Mo\u017ee se termi\u010dki obra\u0111ivati, ima dobru otpornost na koroziju, dobre karakteristike za obradu i premazivanje te visoku \u010dvrsto\u0107u. Koristi se u dijelovima zrakoplova, dijelovima kamera, spojnicama, brodskim armaturama, hardveru, elektroni\u010dkim dijelovima i konektorima.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LED aluminijski supstrat naspram PCB aluminijskog supstrata<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>LED aluminijske podloge su specijalizirane za LED industriju i omogu\u0107ile su primjenu toplinskih otvodnika. One nude visoku toplinsku provodljivost, nisku toplinsku otpornost, dug vijek trajanja i otpornost na napon. LED aluminijske podloge pro\u0161irile su primjenu LED-a, kao \u0161to su indikatorska svjetla na ure\u0111ajima, automobilska prednja svjetla, uli\u010dna rasvjeta i veliki vanjski natpisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Temperaturna provodljivost na LED aluminijskim plo\u010dama u velikoj mjeri ovisi o srednjem dielektriku (\u010desto toplinski provodljivom polimeru ili toplinskom ljepilu). Temperaturna provodljivost, toplinska otpornost i otpornost na napon tri su klju\u010dne mjere kvaliteta. Nakon laminacije, temperaturna provodljivost se mjeri instrumentima. Kerami\u010dki i bakreni materijali imaju ve\u0107u temperaturnu provodljivost, ali tro\u0161kovi ograni\u010davaju ve\u0107inu tr\u017ei\u0161ta na aluminijske podloge. Vi\u0161e vrijednosti temperaturne provodljivosti obi\u010dno zna\u010de bolje performanse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LED aluminijski supstrat je u su\u0161tini \u0161tampana plo\u010dica \u010diji je supstratni materijal aluminijska legura umjesto FR-4 staklo-epoksida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"374\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/led-pcb-1.webp\" alt=\"led pcb\" class=\"wp-image-4631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/led-pcb-1.webp 374w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/led-pcb-1-224x300.webp 224w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/led-pcb-1-9x12.webp 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 374px) 100vw, 374px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cijene aluminijskih podloga<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zahvaljuju\u0107i pobolj\u0161anjima u proizvodnoj tehnologiji i opremi, cijene aluminijskih podloga postale su pristupa\u010dnije. Dobavlja\u010di obi\u010dno ne objavljuju cijene javno. Kontaktirajte dobavlja\u010da (npr. Yifang Electronics) za konkretnu ponudu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vrijeme isporuke aluminijskih podloga<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(A) Bilje\u0161ke za planiranje narud\u017ebi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vrijeme isporuke: Prototipiranje 3\u20135 dana; masovna proizvodnja 5\u20137 dana.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zahtjevi za kvalitetu: Razjasnite detalje kupca (veli\u010dinu, debljinu, proces, fakturu, dostavu, posebne zahtjeve).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Planiranje saradnje: Potvrdite da li \u0107e biti naknadne volumenske narud\u017ebe ili dugoro\u010dna saradnja.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(B) Na\u010dini za ubrzanje sporih rokova isporuke<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Odr\u017eavajte zalihu uobi\u010dajenih aluminijskih podloga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dodajte dnevne i no\u0107ne smjene kako biste ubrzali proizvodnju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dogovoriti prilago\u0111ene rokove isporuke s kupcima.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aluminijumske podloge visoke toplotne provodljivosti i toplotna provodljivost<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Temperaturna provodnost je klju\u010dni parametar za rasipanje toplote i jedna od tri glavne metrike kvaliteta (ostale su toplotni otpor i otpornost na napon). Temperaturna provodnost se mjeri nakon laminacije. Keramika i bakar imaju ve\u0107u provodnost, ali zbog tro\u0161kova aluminij je naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e kori\u0161ten. Temperaturna provodnost je osnovni parametar; ve\u0107e vrijednosti obi\u010dno zna\u010de bolje performanse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aluminijumske podloge kombinuju dobre toplotne i elektri\u010dne izolacione osobine, kao i dobre mogu\u0107nosti mehani\u010dke obrade. \u0160iroko se koriste u LED i drugim elektronskim dizajnima. Termi\u010dki dizajn LED dioda \u010desto koristi CFD (ra\u010dunarsku dinamiku fluida) simulaciju i osnovne toplotne prora\u010dune, koji su va\u017eni u proizvodnji podloga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Otpor protoku fluida (hidrauli\u010dki otpor) posljedica je viskoznosti fluida i \u010dvrstih granica. Obuhvata trenje du\u017e puta protoka i lokalni otpor pri naglim promjenama (naglim promjenama presjeka, koljenima).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tipi\u010dni koraci u dizajnu LED hladnjaka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dizajn profila hladnjaka pod ograni\u010denjima.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optimizirajte debljinu rebra, oblik rebra, razmak rebara i debljinu podloge prema pravilima dizajna hladnjaka.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provjerite izra\u010dune kako biste osigurali da performanse hla\u0111enja zadovoljavaju ciljeve.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/double-sided-aluminum-substrate-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/double-sided-aluminum-substrate-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/double-sided-aluminum-substrate-1-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/double-sided-aluminum-substrate-1-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/double-sided-aluminum-substrate-1-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Termalni dizajn za aluminijske podloge<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(A) Za\u0161to je termalni dizajn neophodan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Visoka temperatura o\u0161te\u0107uje elektroniku: izolacija se razgra\u0111uje, komponente otkazuju, materijali stare, lemni spojevi niske topljivosti pucaju, a lemni spojevi otpadaju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uticaj temperature na komponente:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vi\u0161a temperatura smanjuje vrijednost otpornika.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Visoka temperatura skra\u0107uje vijek trajanja kondenzatora.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Visoka temperatura pogor\u0161ava izolaciju transformatora i prigu\u0161nice; dozvoljena temperatura \u010desto je &lt; 95 \u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prekomjerne promjene temperature uti\u010du na me\u0111umetalne spojeve (IMC) u lemu, \u010dine\u0107i spojeve krhkim i slabijim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vi\u0161a temperatura spojnice (Tj) pove\u0107ava poja\u010danje tranzistora, pove\u0107avaju\u0107i struju kolektora i dodatno pove\u0107avaju\u0107i Tj, \u0161to mo\u017ee dovesti do kvara.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(B) Cilj termalnog dizajna<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr\u017eite sve komponente ispod njihovih maksimalno nazivnih temperatura u o\u010dekivanom radnom okru\u017eenju. Maksimalne dozvoljene temperature proizlaze iz analize optere\u0107enja i moraju odgovarati ciljevima pouzdanosti proizvoda i dodijeljenim stopama kvara za svaku komponentu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(C) Rje\u0161enja za termalne probleme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplina LED dioda predstavlja veliki problem. Aluminijske podloge, s visokom toplinskom provodljivo\u0161\u0107u, mogu efikasno odvla\u010diti toplinu. Dizajn treba dr\u017eati PCB blizu aluminijske osnove i smanjiti toplinsku otpornost nastalu potapanjem ili upotrebom enkapsulanata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Popravak i odr\u017eavanje aluminijskih PCB-ova<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tipi\u010dni koraci popravke za tehni\u010dara \u0161tampanih plo\u010dica:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Analiza gre\u0161aka<\/strong>Identificirajte i su\u017eite kvar na plo\u010di.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vizuelni pregled<\/strong>: Prou\u010di ulaze\/izlaze, funkcije i kontrolne regije.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Testiranje kruga<\/strong>: Izvr\u0161ite po\u010detne testove kako biste isklju\u010dili \u0161iroke gre\u0161ke i usmjerili popravke.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Testiranje komponenti<\/strong>\u010cesto odsolderaju dijelove i testiraju ih opremom; to mo\u017ee o\u0161tetiti izgled vanjske strane plo\u010de, pa tehni\u010dari izbjegavaju nepotrebno uklanjanje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Popravak kvara<\/strong>: Popraviti tragove, zamijeniti dijelove ili izmijeniti kola.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Funkcionalni test<\/strong>Testirajte popravljenu plo\u010du i pokrenite sistemske testove nakon \u0161to pro\u0111ete elektri\u010dne provjere.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obrada otpada za aluminijske podloge<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PCB-ovi su napravljeni od staklenih vlakana, epoksida i mnogih metalnih spojeva. Nepravilno odlaganje kori\u0161tenih aluminijskih plo\u010da mo\u017ee osloboditi brominirane usporiva\u010de plamena i druge kancerogene tvari, uzrokuju\u0107i ozbiljno zaga\u0111enje i zdravstvene rizike. Istovremeno, otpadne plo\u010de imaju veliku ekonomsku vrijednost: sadr\u017eaj metala mo\u017ee biti vi\u0161estruko ve\u0107i od onog u prirodnom rudnom sirovcu. Sadr\u017eaj metala mo\u017ee biti 10\u201360%, uglavnom bakar, plus zlato, srebro, nikl, kalaj, olovo i rijetki metali. U prirodnom rudnom sirovcu udio metala iznosi samo oko 3\u20135%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Studije pokazuju da jedna tona ra\u010dunarskih dijelova mo\u017ee sadr\u017eavati otprilike 0,9 kg zlata, 270 kg plastike, 128,7 kg bakra, 1 kg \u017eeljeza, 58,5 kg olova, 39,6 kg kalaja, 36 kg nikla, 19,8 kg antimonija, kao i paladij i platinu. Stoga se otpadni \u0161tampani plo\u010dici nazivaju \u201crudnicima koje treba razviti\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Istra\u017eivanja pokazuju da se ve\u0107ina otpadnih PCB-ova i otpadnih okvira \u0161alje u udaljena podru\u010dja radi spaljivanja ili pranja vodom, \u0161to uzrokuje ozbiljno sekundarno zaga\u0111enje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sagorijevanje proizvodi jake mirise i toksi\u010dne brominirane spojeve. To je zabranjeno od strane nadle\u017enih tijela za za\u0161titu okoli\u0161a, ali se i dalje doga\u0111a u udaljenim podru\u010djima.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pranje vodom je jeftino, jednostavno i \u0161iroko rasprostranjeno. Ono stvara veliku koli\u010dinu ostataka (nemetala, ~80% te\u017eine plo\u010de). Ti ostaci su te\u0161ko zbrinuti, i mnoge kompanije ih odla\u017eu kao op\u0107i otpad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Primjene i karakteristike aluminijskih podloga<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(A) Zna\u010dajke aplikacije<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Izvrsna toplotna provodljivost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jednostrana bakrena plo\u010da zna\u010di da se komponente mogu postaviti samo na bakirenu stranu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ne mogu se otvoriti otvori za \u017eice kao na jednostranim plo\u010dama za jumper-e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obi\u010dno se koristi za povr\u0161inski monta\u017eirane ure\u0111aje; ispravlja\u010di ili snage ure\u0111aji odvajaju toplinu preko baze, \u0161to osigurava nisku toplotnu otpornost i visoku pouzdanost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transformatori mogu koristiti ravne SMD oblike i raspr\u0161ivati toplinu kroz podlogu, \u0161to rezultira manjim porastom temperature i ve\u0107im izlazom za istu veli\u010dinu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(B) Bilje\u0161ke o ru\u010dnom lemljenju<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Budu\u0107i da aluminijski podlozi dobro provode toplinu, ru\u010dno lemljenje male veli\u010dine mo\u017ee prebrzo ohladiti kalaj i uzrokovati probleme. Prakti\u010dni savjeti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Koristite ku\u0107ni peglu s podesivom temperaturom. Okrenite je tako da ravna povr\u0161ina bude okrenuta prema gore i u\u010dvrstite je.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postavite temperaturu na oko 150 \u00b0C i nakratko zagrijte aluminijsku plo\u010du.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zatim postavite i zalemite dijelove kao i obi\u010dno. Koristite temperaturu koja olak\u0161ava lemljenje \u2014 previsoka mo\u017ee o\u0161tetiti dijelove ili uzrokovati delaminaciju bakra, preniska daje lo\u0161e lemne spojeve. Podesite po potrebi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is an Aluminum Substrate? An aluminum substrate is a metal-core copper-clad board with good heat dissipation. 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is an Aluminum Substrate? An aluminum substrate is a metal-core copper-clad board with good heat dissipation. A typical single-sided [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4625"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4625\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4633,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4625\/revisions\/4633"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}