{"id":4673,"date":"2026-01-23T09:21:56","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T09:21:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4673"},"modified":"2026-01-23T09:21:58","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T09:21:58","slug":"step-by-step-hdi-pcb-blind-and-buried-via-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/step-by-step-hdi-pcb-blind-and-buried-via-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Korak-po-korak proces HDI PCB-a sa slijepim i ukopanim vijama"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ispod je engleski prijevod. Koristio sam jasnu, jednostavnu terminologiju i osnovne vezne rije\u010di (and, but, so, then, because). Tehni\u010dke izraze i brojeve sam ostavio preciznim. Tekst je dug (preko 1800 rije\u010di), kako ste zatra\u017eili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osnovni proces izrade HDI plo\u010da sa slijepim i zakopanim provodima<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Pregled<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>HDI je skra\u0107enica za High Density Interconnect (visokobrzinski me\u0111uveznici). To je tehnologija tiskanih plo\u010dica (PCB) koja se pojavila krajem 20. stolje\u0107a. Klju\u010dna prednost je upotreba laserskog bu\u0161enja. Tradicionalno mehani\u010dko bu\u0161enje ograni\u010deno je burgijama. Kada promjer rupe dostigne 0,15 mm, tro\u0161kovi znatno rastu, a optimizacija je te\u0161ka. HDI laserske rupe mogu biti male samo 3\u20135 mil (0,076\u20130,127 mm). \u0160irina tragova mo\u017ee biti 3\u20134 mil (0,076\u20130,10 mm). Veli\u010dine padova postaju mnogo manje. Vi\u0161e tragova stane u istu povr\u0161inu. To omogu\u0107ava visokobrzinske me\u0111uveze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HDI omogu\u0107ava dizajnerima da koriste guste pakete poput <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1921\">BGA<\/a> i QFP. Prvi nivo HDI je sada uobi\u010dajen za BGA sa razmakom od 0,5. Kako se rute BGA premje\u0161taju sa izlaza na uglu na izlaz u sredini, prvi nivo <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/hdi-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1915\">HDI<\/a> Ne mo\u017ee vi\u0161e zadovoljiti neke potrebe. Drugi nivo HDI postaje fokus za istra\u017eivanje i razvoj i proizvodnju. Laserske slijepe provodnice prvog nivoa HDI povezuju samo povr\u0161inu s susjednim unutra\u0161njim slojem. Drugi nivo HDI mo\u017ee bu\u0161iti od povr\u0161ine do tre\u0107eg sloja ili od povr\u0161ine kroz drugi sloj do tre\u0107eg sloja. To je mnogo te\u017ee nego kod prvog nivoa HDI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Materijali<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 Vrste materijala<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bakrena folija: osnovni materijal za izradu provodnih uzoraka.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Core (CORE): okosnica plo\u010de. To je dvostrana bakrena plo\u010da koja se koristi za izradu unutra\u0161njih slojeva.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prepreg: polu-otvrdnuti list smole koji se koristi kao ljepilo za vi\u0161eslojne plo\u010de i kao izolacija.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tinta za masku za lemljenje: koristi se za masku za lemljenje, izolaciju i za\u0161titu od korozije.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legend ink (sitotisak): koristi se za oznake i etikete.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Materijali za zavr\u0161nu obradu povr\u0161ina: uklju\u010duju legure kositra i olova, nikl-zlatne, srebro, <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-manufacturer\/osp-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2386\">OSP<\/a>, i drugi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 Laminirani izolacijski materijali<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.1 Uobi\u010dajeni laminati<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Uobi\u010dajeni materijali s visokim Tg-om uklju\u010duju MICA\/EG-150T, SYST\/S1141, Grace\/MTC-97 i HITACHI\/MCL-HD-67. Koriste se kada je potrebna ve\u0107a otpornost na toplinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.2 HDI-specifi\u010dni izolacijski materijali<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Uobi\u010dajene vrste i specifikacije:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>RCC materijali: 80T18, 60T12, 65T12, 80T12, 60T18.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>fr4 (LDP): 1080, 106.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Napomena: Koristio sam \u201cfr4\u201d umjesto FR-4, kako ti vi\u0161e odgovara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 Poseban materijal: RCC obja\u0161njen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>RCC zna\u010di bakar oblo\u017een smolom. To je bakarna folija oblo\u017eena posebnim slojem smole. Sloj u potpunosti pokriva unutra\u0161nje tragove i slu\u017ei kao izolacija. RCC se uglavnom proizvodi u dvije vrste: B-faza (Mitsui) i B+C-faza (Polyclad).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Klju\u010dne karakteristike:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nema sloja staklenih vlakana u smolnoj foliji. To olak\u0161ava formiranje mikrovija laserom ili plazmom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tanki dielektri\u010dni sloj i visoka \u010dvrsto\u0107a lju\u0161tenja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dobra \u010dvrsto\u0107a i glatka povr\u0161ina, pogodno za graviranje vrlo uskih tragova.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lasersko bu\u0161enje za HDI \u010desto cilja RCC. Laserske rupe su oblikovane kao obrnuti trapezi, a ne cilindri kao kod mehani\u010dkih rupa. Tipi\u010dna veli\u010dina rupe je 0,076\u20130,10 mm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ostali HDI materijali (jezgro, prepreg, bakarne folije) nisu posebni. Obi\u010dno je debljina unutra\u0161nje bakarne folije tanka: unutra\u0161nji slojevi 1 oz, vanjski slojevi 0,5 oz osnovne bakarne folije oblo\u017eene na 1 oz. Cijela plo\u010da je tanja. Budu\u0107i da RCC ne sadr\u017ei stakloplastiku, njegova tvrdo\u0107a i \u010dvrsto\u0107a su ni\u017ee nego kod drugih PCB-ova iste debljine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Proizvodni proces (primjer: osmoslojna plo\u010da 2+4+2)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ispod navodim glavne korake i klju\u010dne ta\u010dke. Koristim jednostavne rije\u010di i jasan redoslijed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 Rezanje sirovog materijala (CUT)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rezanje pretvara velike limove oblo\u017eene bakrom u dimenzije koje odgovaraju proizvodnim ma\u0161inama. Tri osnovna koncepta moraju biti jasna:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>JEDINICA: jedna dizajnerska jedinica u rasporedu kupca.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SET: pridru\u017eilo se nekoliko jedinica, uklju\u010duju\u0107i rub procesa i alate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PANEL: nekoliko SET-ova spojenih alatnim rubovima kako bi se dobio proizvodni panel. Uobi\u010dajene nabavljene sirove dimenzije su 36,5 in\u010da \u00d7 48,5 in\u010da, 40,5 in\u010da \u00d7 48,5 in\u010da i 42,5 in\u010da \u00d7 48,5 in\u010da. Isplativost ovisi o dizajnu i namjeni panela.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/CUT.webp\" alt=\"CUT\" class=\"wp-image-4675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/CUT.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/CUT-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/CUT-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/CUT-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 Proces suhog filma unutra\u0161njeg sloja (UNUTRA\u0160NJI SUHI FILM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Unutra\u0161nji korak prijenosa suhog filma prenosi uzorke unutra\u0161njeg sloja. Koraci uklju\u010duju laminiranje fotoresist filma, izlaganje, razvijanje, graviranje i uklanjanje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Laminat: zalijepiti fotosenzitivni film na bakar. Svjetlost o\u010dvr\u0161\u0107uje izlo\u017eene dijelove i stvara za\u0161titni sloj.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Izlo\u017ei i razvij: izlo\u017ei film. Osvijetljeni dijelovi se o\u010dvr\u0161\u0107uju. Tamni dijelovi ostaju mekani. Razvijanje uklanja mekani film.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Graviranje i skidanje: izgravi izlo\u017eeni bakar. Zatim ukloni o\u010dvrsnuti za\u0161titni sloj. Formiraju se tragovi unutra\u0161njeg sloja.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Savjeti za dizajn: kontrolirajte minimalnu \u0161irinu tragova, razmak i uniformnost. Ako je razmak premali, mo\u017ee do\u0107i do kratkog spoja tokom laminiranja. Ako su tragovi previ\u0161e tanki, ljepljenje filma mo\u017ee ne uspjeti i tragovi se mogu otvoriti. Ostavite sigurne margine za proizvodnju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 Crna ili sme\u0111a oksidacija (CRNA OKSIDACIJA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nakon izrade unutra\u0161njih tragova, prije laminacije izvr\u0161ite crnu ili sme\u0111u oksidaciju. Glavni ciljevi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uklonite ulje i ne\u010disto\u0107e s bakrene povr\u0161ine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pove\u0107ajte povr\u0161inu bakra kako biste pobolj\u0161ali vezu s smolom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pretvorite nepolarnu povr\u0161inu bakra u polarne spojeve CuO i Cu\u2082O kako biste pobolj\u0161ali hemijsko vezivanje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pobolj\u0161ati otpornost na vlagu pri visokim temperaturama i smanjiti rizik od delaminacije izme\u0111u bakra i smole.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako je Cu\u2082O glavni proizvod, to se naziva sme\u0111a oksidacija (crvena boja). Ako je CuO glavni proizvod, to se naziva crna oksidacija (crna boja).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4 Laminacija (PRESOVANJE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Laminacija spaja sve slojeve koriste\u0107i B-fazni prepreg. Glavni koraci:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Slojevi: rasporedite bakarne folije, prepreg, unutra\u0161nja jezgra, plo\u010de od nehr\u0111aju\u0107eg \u010delika, razdjelne plo\u010de, kraft papir i vanjske pre\u0161ne plo\u010de. Za plo\u010de sa \u0161est ili vi\u0161e slojeva potrebno je prethodno slaganje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Topla pre\u0161a: stavite stog u vakuumsku toplu pre\u0161u. Zagrijavanje otapa smolu i povezuje stog, ispunjavaju\u0107i praznine.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Savjeti: odr\u017eavajte laminaciju simetri\u010dnom. Ako naprezanje nije uravnote\u017eeno na obje strane, do\u0107i \u0107e do izobli\u010denja. Kontrolirajte raspodjelu bakra kako biste izbjegli razlike u protoku smole koje uzrokuju neujedna\u010denu debljinu. Planirajte unaprijed slijepe i zakopane vijke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PRESSING.webp\" alt=\"PRESSING\" class=\"wp-image-4677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PRESSING.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PRESSING-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PRESSING-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PRESSING-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.5 Bu\u0161enje slijepih i zakopanih vijaza (BU\u0160ENJE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>U proizvodnji PCB-a, mehani\u010dko bu\u0161enje je glavna metoda za prolazne rupe ve\u0107e od otprilike 8 mil. Mehani\u010dko bu\u0161enje odre\u0111uje gdje slijepe i zakopane vijase ne mogu prolaziti. Na primjeru osmoslojnog \u0161tampanog ploca, mo\u017eete istovremeno napraviti zakopane vijase za slojeve 3\u20136, slijepe vijase za slojeve 1\u20132 i slijepe vijase za slojeve 7\u20138. Ali ne mo\u017eete dizajnirati ukr\u0161tanje skrivenih via-puta, npr. 3\u20135 i 4\u20136, jer se oni ne mogu izraditi. Apsimetrijski uzorci skrivenih via-puta (kao \u0161to su 3\u20135 i 4\u20136) znatno pove\u0107avaju slo\u017eenost i stopu otpada. Tro\u0161ak mo\u017ee biti i vi\u0161e od \u0161est puta ve\u0107i od tro\u0161ka simetri\u010dnih skrivenih via-puta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DRILLING.webp\" alt=\"DRILLING\" class=\"wp-image-4676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DRILLING.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DRILLING-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DRILLING-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DRILLING-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.6 Depozicija bakra i prevla\u010denje (putem metalizacije)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Metalizacija obla\u017ee zid izbu\u0161ene rupe bakrom koji je ujedna\u010den i otporan na toplinu. Tri koraka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uklonite ostatke bu\u0161enja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hemijsko talo\u017eenje bakra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektroizrada na cijeloj plo\u010di za debljanje bakra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Klju\u010dni parametar: omjer debljine plo\u010de i pre\u010dnika rupe. Kako debljina plo\u010de raste, a pre\u010dnik rupe opada, hemikalije ne mogu lako dosegnuti sredi\u0161te rupe. To mo\u017ee dovesti do tanjeg presvlaka u sredi\u0161tu i uzrokovati mikro-otvorene gre\u0161ke. Dizajneri moraju poznavati procesna ograni\u010denja fabrike plo\u010da. I slijepe\/ukopane vijase i prolazne rupe moraju uzeti u obzir ograni\u010denja omjera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3,7-sekundni suhi film unutra\u0161njeg sloja<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nakon metalizacije zakopanih vias za slojeve 3\u20136, napunite rupe smolnom tintom i vratite se na unutra\u0161nje korake suhog filma kako biste izradili trase slojeva 3 i 6. Nakon \u0161to su oni gotovi, ponovno izvedite crnu\/sme\u0111u oksidaciju, a zatim po\u0161aljite na drugu laminaciju. Ova druga laminacija slijedi isti postupak kao i prva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.8 Sekundna laminacija (HDI pre\u0161a)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>HDI plo\u010de imaju tanke izolacijske slojeve, pa je pre\u0161anje te\u017ee. Pri istoj debljini, \u010dvrsto\u0107a LDP-a je bolja od RCC-a. LDP se sporije kre\u0107e, pa je kontrola lak\u0161a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bilje\u0161ke o dizajnu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Na unutra\u0161njim podru\u010djima s slijepim ili ukopanim vijama, vanjske trake moraju izbjegavati polo\u017eaje tih vijki kako bi se sprije\u010dili otvoreni krugovi uzrokovani udubljenjima.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Previ\u0161e zakopanih via izme\u0111u drugog i pretposljednjeg sloja mo\u017ee stvoriti kanale koji prorje\u0111uju dielektrik. Smanjite takve viae kad god je to mogu\u0107e.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Za HDI CO\u2082 laserske slijepe vijase, uobi\u010dajena metoda je tehnika konformne maske. Prijenos uzoraka na vanjski sloj bakra, graviranje malih prozora koji odgovaraju polo\u017eajima vijasa, a zatim upotreba lasera ve\u0107e snage na tim koordinatama. Ovo je pogodno za subtraktivnu izradu vi\u0161eslojnih plo\u010dica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.9 Konformna maska (laser putem predobrade)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Konformna maska ima dva dijela: Konformna maska1 i Konformna maska2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Konformna maska1: gravirajte padove koji se poravnavaju s blind viasom na obje strane podlo\u0161ke i gravirajte ciljne oznake za poravnanje za automatsku ekspozicijsku ma\u0161inu. Ovo poma\u017ee pri kasnoj obradi i laserskom bu\u0161enju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Konformalna maska2: graviranje prozora na gornjoj i donjoj bakrenoj strani plo\u010de koji su ne\u0161to ve\u0107i od laserske rupe. Ovo priprema za obradu CO\u2082 laserom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Conformal-mask.webp\" alt=\"Conformal mask\" class=\"wp-image-4674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Conformal-mask.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Conformal-mask-300x188.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Conformal-mask-768x480.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Conformal-mask-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.10 Lasersko bu\u0161enje (LASER DRILLING)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lasersko bu\u0161enje koristi lasersku energiju za sagorijevanje smole i formiranje slijepih vijaza. Laserska energija slabi odozgo prema dolje, pa se promjer rupe su\u017eava s dubinom. Tipi\u010dna veli\u010dina rupe je 4\u20136 mil (0,10\u20130,15 mm). Prema IPC6016, rupe \u22640,15 mm nazivaju se mikro-vijazama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rupe ve\u0107e od 0,15 mm zahtijevaju spiralno bu\u0161enje. Brzina opada, a tro\u0161kovi brzo rastu. Standardni laserski alati sada koriste bu\u0161enje u tri udarca. Brzina je 100\u2013200 rupa u sekundi. Manje rupe mogu biti br\u017ee (rupa od 0,100 mm ~120 rupa\/sek; rupa od 0,076 mm ~170 rupa\/sek).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.11 Laser vias metalizacija<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lasersko bu\u0161enje otvora spaljuje zid otvora i ostavlja nagorjele ostatke. Drugi sloj bakra mo\u017ee oksidovati. Potrebno je pranje pod visokim pritiskom vode kako bi se uklonili ostaci bu\u0161enja. Nagorjeli ostaci u mikro-via rupicama te\u0161ko se uklanjaju. Slagani dvo-nivojni HDI zahtijeva posebnu galvanizaciju slijepih via-rupa i punjenje bakrom (PUNJENJE BAKROM). Ovo je skupo i koristi se za vrhunske proizvode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.12 Tre\u0107i unutra\u0161nji suhi film<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nakon laserske metalizacije vijaka izvedite drugu Conformal masku. Zatim se vratite na unutra\u0161nje korake suhe folije kako biste izradili tragove slojeva 2 i 7. Nakon \u0161to su tragovi gotovi, izvedite crnu\/sme\u0111u oksidaciju i tre\u0107u laminaciju. Zatim izvedite tre\u0107i korak graviranja slijepih vijaka (korak 1) i drugi korak graviranja slijepih vijaka (korak 2) kako biste se pripremili za drugo lasersko bu\u0161enje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HDI drugog nivoa zahtijeva mnogo poravnanja. Gre\u0161ke se mogu nakupiti. To pove\u0107ava stopu otpada. Od lak\u0161ih do te\u017eih u kombinacijama:<br>1\u20132 + 2\u20133 vias &lt; samo 1\u20133 vias &lt; 1\u20132 + 1\u20133 vias &lt; 2\u20133 + 1\u20133 vias &lt; 1\u20132 + 2\u20133 + 1\u20133 vias.<br>HDI viase treba dizajnirati simetri\u010dno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.13 Drugo lasersko bu\u0161enje<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Izvedite drugi korak laserskog bu\u0161enja prema planu za HDI sa dva nivoa. Ovo slijedi sli\u010dna pravila kao i prvo lasersko bu\u0161enje, ali zahtijeva pa\u017eljivo poravnanje i planiranje via-puta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.14 Mehani\u010dko bu\u0161enje (bu\u0161enje rupa)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nakon laserskih koraka, izvr\u0161ite mehani\u010dko bu\u0161enje prolaznih rupa. Ovaj korak bu\u0161i rupe koje prolaze kroz cijeli panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.15 Uklanjanje ostataka bu\u0161enja i plating rupa (P.T.H)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zalijte slijepe vijase i provodne rupe zajedno kako bi svi vijasi bili metalizirani. U ovom trenutku poseban HDI proces zavr\u0161ava. Od sada plo\u010da prolazi kroz standardne korake zavr\u0161ne obrade PCB-a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.16 Suha folija vanjskog sloja i plo\u010danje po uzorku (SUHA FOLIJA I PLO\u010cANJE PO UZORKU)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prijenos vanjskog uzorka je sli\u010dan onome kod unutra\u0161njih slojeva. Glavna razlika je metoda pozlatnje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Subtractivna metoda: koristite negativni film. O\u010dvrsnuti suhi film ostaje kao krug. Izgrizite i skinite film kako biste sa\u010duvali krug.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aditivna\/normalna metoda: koristite pozitivni film. O\u010dvrsli suhi film prekriva ne-sklopovska podru\u010dja. Izvedite uzorkovano pozlativanje (prvo bakar, zatim kalaj), zatim uklonite film, izvedite alkalno \u017earenje, uklonite kalaj i sa\u010duvajte sklop.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.17 Mokri film lemne maske (WET FILM SOLDER MASK)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Maska za lemljenje prekriva povr\u0161inu plo\u010de. Sprje\u010dava pogre\u0161no lemljenje, prodor vlage ili hemikalija koje bi mogle izazvati kratka spojena, te \u0161titi tragove od fizi\u010dkog o\u0161te\u0107enja. Time se osigurava stabilan rad \u0161tampane plo\u010dice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proces: pred\u010di\u0161\u0107enje \u2192 nano\u0161enje premaza \u2192 predpekanje \u2192 izlaganje \u2192 razvijanje \u2192 UV stvrdnjavanje \u2192 termi\u010dko stvrdnjavanje. Klju\u010dne kontrolne ta\u010dke: poravnanje maske za lemljenje, veli\u010dina mosta na maski, izrada vias i debljina maske. Kvalitet tinte uti\u010de na kasniju zavr\u0161nu obradu povr\u0161ine, monta\u017eu SMT komponenti i vijek trajanja plo\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.18 Selektivno uranjanje u zlato (IMMERSION GOLD)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hemijsko nikl\/zlatno pozlatiti je povr\u0161inska obrada nakon maske za lemljenje. Pogodno je za \u0161tampane plo\u010dice sa malim razmakom tragova i mnogim povr\u0161inski montiranim komponentama. Poma\u017ee u postizanju ko-planarnosti i ravnosti padova. Zlato je stabilno i za\u0161titno. Specifikacije pozlate: nikl ~5 \u03bcm, zlato 0,05\u20130,1 \u03bcm. Predebela pozlata se mo\u017ee napuknuti i stvoriti slabe lemne spojeve. Previ\u0161e tanka pozlata ima slabu za\u0161titu. ENIG je u nekim slu\u010dajevima manje pogodan za lemljenje i mo\u017ee pokazati tamne defekte na padovima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.19 \u0160tampanje legende (C\/M PRINTING)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160tampajte legende i oznake tintom za legende. To olak\u0161ava kasniju monta\u017eu i servisiranje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.20 Fresiranje i profilisanje (PROFILISANJE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Re\u017eite gotovi panel na veli\u010dinu jedinice ili seta pomo\u0107u CNC glodalica. Izvr\u0161ite rezanje ivica i bru\u0161enje utora. Ako je potreban V-rez, dodajte odgovaraju\u0107e korake. Klju\u010dni parametri: tolerancija profila, veli\u010dina zaobljenja, radijus unutra\u0161nje ivice. Ostavite sigurnu udaljenost izme\u0111u uzoraka i ivice plo\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.21 Elektri\u010dno ispitivanje (E-TEST)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ovo je test kontinuiteta i izolacije. Glavne metode su test na krevetu \u010davli\u0107a i test lete\u0107ih sondi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Krevet od igala: generi\u010dki ili prilago\u0111eni dr\u017ea\u010di. Generi\u010dki dr\u017ea\u010di su skuplji, ali odgovaraju mnogim PCB-ovima. Prilago\u0111eni dr\u017ea\u010di su jeftiniji po komadu, ali samo za odre\u0111ene PCB-ove.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lete\u0107a sonda: premje\u0161ta sonde za testiranje mre\u017ea. Fleksibilna je i pogodna za mnoge male serije.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.22 OSP (Organski konzervans za lemljivost)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>OSP formira organski film na golim bakrenim plo\u010dicama i kroz rupama nakon elektri\u010dnog testiranja i vizuelne provjere. Debljina filma je 0,3\u20130,5 \u03bcm. Temperatura razgradnje je oko 300 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glavne prednosti: ravno lemljenje koje odgovara PCB-ovima s malim razmakom; jednostavan proces, nisko zaga\u0111enje, niski tro\u0161kovi i dobra sposobnost lemljenja. Nedostaci: film je tanak i lako se ogrebe. Rok trajanja je kratak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Danas se kombinacije ENIG i OSP koriste za visokoprecizne plo\u010de. Pru\u017eaju za\u0161titu i lemljivost te su olovno-slobodna opcija za zamjenu HASL-a u nekim slu\u010dajevima. Tro\u0161ak je vi\u0161i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/WET-FILM-SOLDER-MASK.webp\" alt=\"WET FILM SOLDER MASK\" class=\"wp-image-4679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/WET-FILM-SOLDER-MASK.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/WET-FILM-SOLDER-MASK-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/WET-FILM-SOLDER-MASK-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/WET-FILM-SOLDER-MASK-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.23 Zavr\u0161na revizija (ZAVR\u0160NA REVIZIJA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Provjerite izgled PCB-a, veli\u010dinu, elektri\u010dne performanse i kvalitetu pozlate. Uvjerite se da sve zadovoljava standarde dizajna i industrije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.24 Pakovanje (PAKOVANJE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Spakirajte PCB plo\u010de kako biste sprije\u010dili vlagu i ogrebotine. Za\u0161titite plo\u010de tokom transporta i pravilno ih skladi\u0161tite za kasniju upotrebu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Below is the English translation. I used clear, simple wording and basic linking words (and, but, so, then, because). 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