{"id":4709,"date":"2026-02-02T09:03:10","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T09:03:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4709"},"modified":"2026-02-02T09:03:16","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T09:03:16","slug":"common-problems-in-fpc-circuit-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/common-problems-in-fpc-circuit-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Uobi\u010dajeni problemi u dizajnu FPC sklopova"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dizajn FPC sklopova \u2014 Uobi\u010dajeni problemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Preklapanje pinova (osim SMD pinova) zna\u010di preklapanje rupa.
    Kada se rupe preklapaju, bu\u0161ilica mo\u017ee istu ta\u010dku izbu\u0161iti vi\u0161e puta. Svrdlo se mo\u017ee slomiti. Rupa mo\u017ee biti o\u0161te\u0107ena. To dovodi do otpada ili ponovnog rada.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Na vi\u0161eslojnim plo\u010dama dva otvora mogu se preklapati.
    Na primjer, jedna rupa je izolacioni pad. Druga rupa je konekcioni pad sa toplotnim zrakama (toplotno olak\u0161anje). Nakon iscrtavanja filma, rezultat mo\u017ee prikazati samo izolacioni pad. Dio se mo\u017ee odbaciti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    I. Preklapanje jastu\u010di\u0107a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Preklapanje padova (osim kod povr\u0161inskih padova) zna\u010di preklapanje rupa.
      Pri bu\u0161enju bu\u0161ilica \u0107e bu\u0161iti isto mjesto vi\u0161e puta. Svrdlo se mo\u017ee slomiti. Rupa \u0107e biti o\u0161te\u0107ena.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Na vi\u0161eslojnim plo\u010dama dva otvora mogu se preklapati.
      Na primjer, jedna rupa je izolacioni pad. Druga rupa je priklju\u010dni pad, na primjer termalno-reljefni pad. Nakon \u0161to se film izradi, slika mo\u017ee prikazati izolacioni pad. To \u0107e dovesti do odbacivanja.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      II. Zloupotreba grafi\u010dkih slojeva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Neki grafi\u010dki slojevi imaju beskorisne tragove. \u010cetveroslojna plo\u010da mo\u017ee biti iscrtana linijama kao petoslojna plo\u010da. To izaziva zabunu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Da bi u\u0161tedjeli vrijeme, neki dizajneri koriste sloj Board u Protelu za linije na vi\u0161e slojeva. Tako\u0111er crtaju linije napomena na sloju Board. Kada prave fotoplot podatke, mo\u017eda ne\u0107e odabrati sloj Board. Tada se neki tragovi izgube i krug ostane otvoren. Ili mogu odabrati napomenu na sloju Board i izazvati kratki spoj. Zato grafi\u010dke slojeve dr\u017eite potpunima i jasnima dok dizajnirate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Prekr\u0161ite uobi\u010dajenu praksu. Na primjer, postavite komponentu sa strane komponenta na donji sloj, a sa strane za lemljenje na gornji sloj. To ote\u017eava sklapanje i lemljenje.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        \"Random<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        III. Nasumi\u010dno postavljanje teksta sitotiskom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. Tekst mo\u017ee prekriti padove ili SMD kontakte. To ote\u017eava elektri\u010dno testiranje i lemljenje komponenti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Ako je tekst premali, sitotisak je te\u017eak. Ako je tekst prevelik, slova se preklapaju i te\u0161ko ih je pro\u010ditati.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \"Misuse<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n

          IV. Pode\u0161avanje veli\u010dine otvora za jednostrane padove<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. Jednostrane podloge obi\u010dno ne zahtijevaju rupe. Ako je potrebna rupa, jasno je ozna\u010dite. Veli\u010dinu rupe treba postaviti na nulu ako nije potrebna. Ako se postavi numeri\u010dka vrijednost, podaci za bu\u0161enje \u0107e uklju\u010divati koordinatu te rupe i izazvati problem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Ako jednostrana podloga treba oznaku rupe, ozna\u010dite je posebno.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n

            V. Kori\u0161tenje popunjenih podru\u010dja za crtanje padova<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            1. Ako nacrtate padove s popunjenim podru\u010djima, dizajn mo\u017ee pro\u0107i DRC. Me\u0111utim, proizvodnja ne mo\u017ee koristiti takve padove. Ti pseudo-padovi ne mogu generirati ispravne podatke za masku za lemljenje. Tokom nano\u0161enja maske za lemljenje popunjeno podru\u010dje bit \u0107e prekriveno maskom za lemljenje. To ote\u017eava lemljenje komponente.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n

              VI. Napojne ili masovne povr\u0161ine koje su istovremeno termi\u010dki oslonci i tragovi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              1. Ako se napojna ili uzemljena povr\u0161ina nacrta kao termalno-reljefne podloge, slika na stvarnom plo\u010du bit \u0107e suprotna dizajnu. Sve trase su izolacijske trase. Dizajneri moraju biti jasni u vezi s tim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              2. Kada crtate nekoliko grupa za izolaciju napajanja ili zemlje, budite oprezni. Nemojte ostavljati prazninu koja bi mogla uzrokovati kratki spoj izme\u0111u dviju grupa napajanja. Nemojte blokirati podru\u010dje koje treba povezati i dijeliti zonu napajanja.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n

                VII. Nejasna definicija sloja i redoslijeda slojeva pri izradi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                1. Ako je jednostrana plo\u010dica dizajnirana samo na gornjem sloju i nije dodana nikakva oznaka, nije jasno koja je strana prednja, a koja stra\u017enja. Napravljena plo\u010dica mo\u017ee biti te\u0161ka za lemljenje nakon postavljanja dijelova.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. Na primjer, \u010detveroslojna plo\u010da mo\u017ee biti dizajnirana kao TOP, MID1, MID2, BOTTOM. Ako proizvo\u0111a\u010d ne slo\u017ei slojeve u istom redoslijedu, nastavit \u0107e se problemi. Zato dodajte jasne napomene o redoslijedu slojeva.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n

                  VIII. Previ\u0161e podru\u010dja popunjavanja ili podru\u010dja popunjena vrlo tankim linijama<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  1. Podaci fotoplot-a mogu biti nepotpuni i podaci mogu biti izgubljeni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  2. Podru\u010dja ispuna na fotoplotu iscrtavaju se kao mnogo linija. To stvara vrlo veliki skup podataka. Veliki obim podataka ote\u017eava obradu podataka.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n

                    IX. SMD padovi prekrati<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    1. Ovo utje\u010de na test elektri\u010dne kontinuiteta. Za vrlo guste SMD <\/a>Na dijelovima je razmak izme\u0111u padova mali, a \u0161irina padova tanka. Testni pinovi moraju biti pomjereni naizmjeni\u010dno gore-dolje ili lijevo-desno. Ako je pad prekratek, testni pinovi se mo\u017eda ne\u0107e mo\u0107i pozicionirati. To ote\u017eava testiranje \u010dak i ako se dio mo\u017ee postaviti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n

                      X. Mre\u017ea za velike bakrene povr\u0161ine ima previ\u0161e sitan razmak.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      1. Za veliku bakrenu mre\u017eu, razmak izme\u0111u rubova linija mo\u017ee biti premali (manji od 0,3 mm). Tokom izrade plo\u010de, nakon razvla\u010denja, mnogi mali komadi\u0107i filma mogu se zalijepiti na plo\u010du. To mo\u017ee uzrokovati prekid linija.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                        \n\n\n\n

                        XI. Veliko podru\u010dje bakra preblizu obrisu plo\u010de<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        1. Velika bakrena povr\u0161ina mora biti udaljena najmanje 0,2 mm od obrisa plo\u010de. Ako rezanje ili glodanje prodre u bakrenu povr\u0161inu, bakar se mo\u017ee odvojiti. To mo\u017ee uzrokovati lju\u0161tenje maske za lemljenje.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                          \n\n\n\n

                          XII. Nejasno dizajn obrisa plo\u010de<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          1. Neki kupci crtaju obrise plo\u010da na slojevima Keep layer, Board layer i Top overlay layer, a ti se obrisi ne podudaraju. To ote\u017eava proizvo\u0111a\u010du PCB-a da odredi koji obris treba koristiti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                            \n\n\n\n

                            XIII. Neravnomjeran grafi\u010dki dizajn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            1. Tokom elektro-galvanizacije neujedna\u010deni uzorci uzrokuju neujedna\u010deno presvla\u010denje. To uti\u010de na kvalitet.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                              \n\n\n\n

                              XIV. Kada su ulijevanja bakra velika, koristite mre\u017eu kako biste izbjegli praznine u SMT-u.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              1. Kada je podru\u010dje za izlijevanje bakra veliko, koristite mre\u017easti uzorak. To smanjuje mogu\u0107nost pojave mjehuri\u0107a ili delaminacije tokom SMT reflow procesa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                \n\n\n\n

                                Povr\u0161inski nedostaci FPC plo\u010da i rje\u0161enja<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                                Ispod navodim uobi\u010dajene povr\u0161inske nedostatke na FPC fleksibilne plo\u010de<\/a> i navesti jasne uzroke i rje\u0161enja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                1. Mjehuri\u0107i izme\u0111u traka ili na jednoj traci nakon razvoja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Glavni uzrok:<\/strong> Mjehuri\u0107i izme\u0111u traka ili na jednoj traci obi\u010dno nastaju kada je razmak traka preuski, a visina trake previsoka. Tokom sitotiska maska za lemljenje ne mo\u017ee dosegnuti osnovni materijal izme\u0111u visokih traka. Zrak ili vlaga ostaju izme\u0111u maske za lemljenje i osnove. Tokom stvrdnjavanja i izlaganja zarobljeni gas se \u0161iri i stvara mjehuri\u0107e. Za jednostruku stazu, staza je previsoka. Kada rakla dodirne stazu pod ve\u0107im uglom, maska za lemljenje ne mo\u017ee dosegnuti korijen staze. Plin ostaje izme\u0111u korijena staze i maske za lemljenje. Toplina stvara mjehuri\u0107e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Popraviti:<\/strong> Pregledajte tokom sitotiska. Uvjerite se da maska za lemljenje u potpunosti pokriva bazu i bo\u010dne zidove staze. Strogo kontrolirajte struju galvanizacije tokom elektrogalvanizacije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                2. Lema maska u rupama i sitne rupice kao defekti u uzorku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Glavni uzrok:<\/strong> Kada sitotisak nije izveden na vrijeme, preostala boja se nakuplja na ekranu. Pod pritiskom gume za oduzimanje boje preostala boja mo\u017ee biti istisnuta u otvore. Niska gusto\u0107a mre\u017ee ekrana tako\u0111er omogu\u0107ava da boja prodre u otvore. Prljav\u0161tina na fotomaski uzrokuje da se dijelovi koji bi trebali biti izlo\u017eeni ne izlo\u017ee. To dovodi do sitnih rupica u uzorku tijekom ekspozicije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Popraviti:<\/strong> Obavite sitotisak na vrijeme i koristite sito sa ve\u0107im brojem o\u010dica. Provjerite fotomasku tokom izlaganja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                3. Potamnjivanje bakrenih tragova ispod maske za lemljenje<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Glavni uzrok:<\/strong> Nakon brisanja plo\u010de, voda se nije osu\u0161ila. Povr\u0161ina plo\u010de se smo\u010dila prije \u0161tampanja maske za lemljenje. Ili je ljudski prst ili ruka dodirnula plo\u010du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Popraviti:<\/strong> Tokom sitotiska vizuelno provjerite obje bakarne povr\u0161ine na oksidaciju. Uvjerite se da je plo\u010da suha i \u010dista prije \u0161tampe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                4. Prljav\u0161tina na povr\u0161ini i neravna povr\u0161ina<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Glavni uzrok:<\/strong> Prljav\u0161tina nastaje od pra\u0161ine i lebde\u0107ih vlakana u zraku. Neravna povr\u0161ina nastaje kada se ekran nije o\u010distio, pa je preostala boja ostala na ekranu i pritisnuta na plo\u010du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Popraviti:<\/strong> Odr\u017eavajte \u010distu sobu i odr\u017eavajte operatere \u010distima. Sprije\u010dite nebitne osobe da ulaze u \u010distu sobu. \u010cesto \u010distite sobu. Tokom sitotiska \u0161tampajte na papir na vrijeme kako biste uklonili preostalu tintu sa sitoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                5. Pogre\u0161na registracija i sitne pukotine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Glavni uzrok:<\/strong> Pogre\u0161na registracija se doga\u0111a kada tokom sitotiska plo\u010da nije \u010dvrsto fiksirana. Preostala boja na \u0161abloni nije na vrijeme uklonjena i pritisne se na plo\u010di u odre\u0111enom uzorku, pa se blizu otisnih polja pojavljuju ta\u010dkice. Sitne pukotine nastaju kada je ekspozicija preslaba. Doza svjetlosti ili vrijeme ekspozicije nisu dovoljni, pa se formiraju male pukotine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Popraviti:<\/strong> Koristite pinove za poravnanje da pri\u010dvrstite plo\u010du. Uklonite preostalu tintu s ekrana tako \u0161to \u0107ete \u010desto printati na papir. Podesite ekspoziciju tako da energija lampe i vrijeme ekspozicije osiguraju dobru razinu ekspozicije. Ciljajte indeks ekspozicije u odgovaraju\u0107em rasponu kako se ne bi pojavile pukotine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                6. Razlika u boji izme\u0111u dviju strana i nedostaju\u0107a \u0161tampa (bijele mrlje)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Glavni uzrok:<\/strong> Dvije strane imaju razli\u010dit broj struha tokom \u0161tampe. Ili su se pomije\u0161ale stare i nove boje. Na primjer, jedna strana koristi promije\u0161anu novu boju, a druga staru boju koja je dugo stajala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Izostanak tiska ili \u201cpreskakanje tiska\u201d doga\u0111a se kada je struja galvanizacije previsoka. Galvanizacija podi\u017ee liniju previsoko. Tijekom sitotiska visoka visina linije uzrokuje da brisa\u010d ne nanosi tintu na bo\u010dne stranice trake. Drugi uzrok je o\u0161te\u0107enje o\u0161trice brisa\u010da. Na o\u0161te\u0107enom podru\u010dju brisa\u010d ne nanosi tintu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Popraviti:<\/strong> Odr\u017eavajte broj gumenica dosljednim za obje strane. Nemojte mije\u0161ati staru i novu tintu. Kontrolirajte struju platinga. Provjerite o\u0161tricu gumenice na posjekotine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                Kratak sa\u017eetak klju\u010dnih provjera za dizajn i izradu FPC-a<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                1. Provjerite preklapanje podloge i preklapanje rupa prije izrade podataka za bu\u0161enje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                2. Dr\u017eite upotrebu slojeva jasnom i ne zloupotrebljavajte sloj plo\u010de za linije i anotacije.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                3. Postavite tekst sitotiska dalje od podmeta\u010da. Koristite \u010ditljive veli\u010dine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                4. Jasno ozna\u010dite rupe na jednostranoj podlozi ili postavite veli\u010dinu rupe na nulu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                5. Nemojte crtati padove kao ispunjene blokove ako vam je potrebna ispravna maska za lemljenje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                6. Budite jasni u vezi s termalnim olak\u0161anjima i ulivanjima bakra. Izbjegavajte nenamjernu izolaciju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                7. Nastavite sloj dokumenta i redoslijed izgradnje za proizvo\u0111a\u010da.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                8. Izbjegavajte previ\u0161e podru\u010dja popunjavanja ili vrlo tanke linije popunjavanja. Dr\u017eite veli\u010dinu podataka razumnom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                9. Napravite SMD kontakte dovoljno duga\u010dke za pristup sondi pri testiranju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                10. Odr\u017eavajte razumnu veli\u010dinu oka mre\u017ee od bakra (>= 0,3 mm izme\u0111u rubova).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                11. Dr\u017eite velike bakarne povr\u0161ine najmanje 0,2 mm udaljene od ivice plo\u010de.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                12. Pru\u017eite jedan jasan obris plo\u010de. Nemojte stavljati vi\u0161e razli\u010ditih obrisa na razli\u010dite slojeve.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                13. Prilagodite gusto\u0107u uzoraka kako biste izbjegli neujedna\u010deno presvla\u010denje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                14. Koristite mre\u017eu pri velikim lijevanjima bakra kako biste izbjegli SMT probleme.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  FPC Circuit Design \u2014 Common Problems I. Overlap of Pads II. Misuse of Graphic Layers III. Random Placement of Silkscreen 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