{"id":4751,"date":"2026-03-03T09:46:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T09:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4751"},"modified":"2026-03-03T10:04:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T10:04:27","slug":"pcb-stackup-function-and-design-principles-translation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-stackup-function-and-design-principles-translation\/","title":{"rendered":"Najbolje prakse slojevitog PCB-a za integritet signala"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Definicija i kada dodavati slojeve<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Za Vi\u0161eslojne plo\u010de velike brzine<\/a>, Osnovni dvoslojni dizajn \u010desto ne mo\u017ee zadovoljiti potrebe za kvalitetom signala i gusto\u0107om rute. U tom slu\u010daju morate dodati slojeve u PCB stackup kako biste zadovoljili potrebe dizajna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Pozitivne (signalne) ravni i negativne (invertirane) ravni<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pozitivna ravan je uobi\u010dajeni signalni sloj koji se koristi za rutiranje. Vidljivi dijelovi su bakrene staze. U pozitivnoj ravni mo\u017eete izvesti velike bakrene izlijevanja i popuniti podru\u010dja bakrom, na primjer koriste\u0107i izraze poput \u201cstaza\u201d ili \u201cbakar\u201d za opisivanje bakrenih podru\u010dja. Pogledajte sliku 8-32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"8-32
8-32 Sloj pozitivne ravnine<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Negativna ravan je suprotno. Kod negativne ravni, zadano je uliti bakar po cijeloj ravni. Podru\u010dja za rute su izrezi. Na linijama za rute nema bakra. Ono \u0161to radite je da izrezujete bakar, a zatim postavite mre\u017ee za izrezana podru\u010dja. Pogledajte sliku 8-33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure
Slika 8-33 Negativni sloj ravnine<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. Razdvajanje unutra\u0161njih napojnih\/zemaljskih ravni<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

U starijim verzijama Protela unutra\u0161nje napojne ravnine su se dijelile pomo\u0107u funkcije \u201csplit\u201d. U trenutnim verzijama kao \u0161to su Altium Designer 19<\/a>, dijelite crtanjem \u201clinija\u201d i koristite pre\u010dicu na tipkovnici \u201cPL\u201d za njihovo postavljanje. Linije za podjelu ne bi trebale biti previ\u0161e tanke. Mo\u017eete odabrati 15 mil ili vi\u0161e. Kada nakon podjele lijevate bakar, nacrtajte zatvoreni poligon alatom za linije, zatim dvaput kliknite unutar poligona i postavite mre\u017eu za lijevanje bakra. Pogledajte sliku 8-34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure
Slika 8-34 Dvostruki klik za dodjelu mre\u017ee<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

I pozitivne i negativne ravnine mogu se koristiti za unutra\u0161nje slojeve napajanja ili zemlje. Tako\u0111er mo\u017eete posti\u0107i pozitivnu unutra\u0161nju ravninu usmjeravanjem i izlijevanjem bakra. Prednost negativne ravnine je u tome \u0161to po zadanom po\u010dinjete s velikom ulivenom bakrenom povr\u0161inom. Zatim dodajete via-otvore ili mijenjate veli\u010dinu ulivanja bez ponovnog ulivanja cijelog sloja. To \u0161tedi vrijeme pri ponovnom izra\u010dunavanju bakrenog ulivanja. Kada se unutra\u0161nji slojevi koriste kao napojne i masne ravnine (tako\u0111er nazvane masna ravnina ili povratna ravnina), slojevi su uglavnom velika bakrena ulivanja. Prednost kori\u0161tenja negativnih ravnina ovdje je o\u010dita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Razumijevanje slojeva PCB-a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kako visokobrzinski krugovi postaju sve \u010de\u0161\u0107i, slo\u017eenost PCB-a raste. Da bi se izbjegle elektri\u010dne smetnje, slojevi signala i napajanja moraju biti odvojeni. To dovodi do vi\u0161eslojnog dizajna PCB-a. Prije dizajniranja vi\u0161eslojne PCB plo\u010de, dizajner mora prvo odrediti strukturu plo\u010de na osnovu veli\u010dine kola, dimenzija plo\u010de i zahtjeva za elektromagnetsku kompatibilnost (EMC). Drugim rije\u010dima, odlu\u010diti ho\u0107e li koristiti plo\u010du sa 4, 6 ili vi\u0161e slojeva. Ovo je osnovna ideja dizajna vi\u0161eslojnih plo\u010da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nakon \u0161to je odre\u0111en broj slojova, sljede\u0107i korak je postaviti unutra\u0161nje slojeve napajanja i uzemljenja te odlu\u010diti kako raspodijeliti razli\u010dite vrste signala po tim slojevima. Taj izbor je odabir stackupa. Struktura stackupa je va\u017ean faktor koji utje\u010de na EMC performanse tiskane plo\u010dice. Dizajn dobrog stackupa mo\u017ee zna\u010dajno smanjiti elektromagnetske smetnje (EMI) i preslu\u0161avanje.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u0161e slojeva nije uvijek bolje, a manje slojeva nije uvijek bolje. Odabir vi\u0161eslojnog stackupa zahtijeva vaganje mnogih faktora. Sa stanovi\u0161ta rutiranja, vi\u0161e slojeva olak\u0161ava rutiranje. Ali tro\u0161kovi proizvodnje i slo\u017eenost tako\u0111er rastu. Za proizvo\u0111a\u010di<\/a>, Da li je slojevitost simetri\u010dna predstavlja va\u017enu brigu tokom izrade. Stoga broj slojeva mora uravnote\u017eiti sve potrebe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iskusni dizajneri obi\u010dno prvo vr\u0161e pred-raspored komponenti. Zatim analiziraju uska grla u rasporedu. Ubrajaju posebne potrebe za rasporedom, kao \u0161to su diferencijalni parovi i osjetljive mre\u017ee. Na osnovu toga odlu\u010duju koliko je slojeva signala potrebno. Zatim odre\u0111uju broj unutra\u0161njih slojeva napajanja i uzemljenja na osnovu tipova napajanja, potreba za izolacijom i suzbijanja interferencije. Nakon toga je ukupan broj slojeva plo\u010de u su\u0161tini odre\u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Uobi\u010dajeni PCB slojevi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kada je broj slojeva odre\u0111en, sljede\u0107i zadatak je rasporediti redoslijed tih slojeva. Slike 8-35 i 8-36 prikazuju uobi\u010dajene slojevne rasporede za \u010detveroslojne i \u0161estoslojne plo\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"Figure
Slika 8-35 Uobi\u010dajena struktura \u010detveroslojnog \u0161tampanog ploca<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Figure
Slika 8-36 Uobi\u010dajena struktura slojeva 6-slojnog \u0161tampanog ploca<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

6. Analiza stackupa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kako slo\u017eiti? Koja je bolja konfiguracija? Slijedite ova osnovna pravila:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad god je mogu\u0107e, pretvorite stranu komponente i stranu lemljenja u potpune uzemljene ravnine (to pru\u017ea za\u0161titu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izbjegavajte susjedne paralelne slojeve rute \u0161to je vi\u0161e mogu\u0107e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Postavite sve signalne slojeve pored zemljane ravni kad god je to mogu\u0107e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Postavite kriti\u010dne signale pored uzemljenja i izbjegavajte njihovo kri\u017eanje preko razdvojenih podru\u010dja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primijenite ova pravila na uobi\u010dajene primjere stackupa prikazane na slikama 8-35 i 8-36. Analiza je sljede\u0107a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Tabela 8-1 upore\u0111uje prednosti i nedostatke tri uobi\u010dajene sheme slojeva \u010detveroslojnog \u0161tampanog ploca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ema<\/th>Shematski dijagram (ASCII umjetnost)<\/th>Prednosti<\/th>Nedostaci<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0160ema 1<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 PWR01 (Napajanje) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN02 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN03 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND04 (Zemlja) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>Ovaj raspored je uglavnom osmi\u0161ljen da postigne jednostruki efekt zaklona, pri \u010demu se napojna ravan i zemaljska ravan nalaze na gornjem, odnosno donjem sloju.<\/td>(1) Napojna i uzemljena ravan su previ\u0161e udaljene, \u0161to dovodi do prekomjerne impedanse u napojnoj ravni; (2) Napojna i uzemljena ravan su vrlo nepotpune zbog utjecaja padova komponenti i drugih faktora; (3) Nepotpuna referentna ravan uzrokuje prekidane signalne tragove, \u0161to ote\u017eava postizanje o\u010dekivanog \u0161titnog u\u010dinka.<\/td><\/tr>
\u0160ema 2<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND02 (Zemlja) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR03 (Napajanje) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN04 (Signal) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>Zemljana ravan se postavlja ispod komponente, \u0161to je \u010dini pogodnom za scenarije u kojima se glavne komponente nalaze na gornjem sloju ili se klju\u010dni signali provode na gornjem sloju.<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
\u0160ema 3<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR02 (Napajanje) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND03 (Zemlja) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN04 (Signal) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>Sli\u010dno Shemi 2, pogodno je za scenarije u kojima se glavne komponente postavljaju na donji sloj ili se klju\u010dni signali provode na donjem sloju.<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(2) Tabela 8-2 upore\u0111uje prednosti i nedostatke \u010detiri uobi\u010dajene \u0161eme slojeva za \u0161estslojne plo\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ema<\/th>Shematski dijagram (ASCII umjetnost)<\/th>Prednosti<\/th>Nedostaci<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0160ema 1<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND02 (Zemlja) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN03 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN04 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR05 (Napajanje) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN06 (Signal) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>Uvodi \u010detiri sloja signala i dva unutra\u0161nja napojna\/zemljana sloja, pru\u017eaju\u0107i vi\u0161e slojeva signala za olak\u0161avanje rute izme\u0111u komponenti.<\/td>(1) Napojna ravan i uzemljena ravan su previ\u0161e udaljene, \u0161to rezultira nedovoljnim povezivanjem; (2) signalni slojevi SIN03 i SIN04 uglavnom su provedeni na povr\u0161inskim slojevima, \u0161to dovodi do lo\u0161e izolacije signala i me\u0111usobnog smetanja, te zahtijeva pomjereno ruteranje.<\/td><\/tr>
\u0160ema 2<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN02 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND03 (Zemlja) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR04 (Napajanje) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN05 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN06 (Signal) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>Zemljana ravan i ravan struje su potpuno spojene.<\/td>Susjedni slojevi povr\u0161inskih signalnih slojeva tako\u0111er su signalni slojevi, \u0161to rezultira lo\u0161om izolacijom signala i me\u0111usobnim smetnjama.<\/td><\/tr>
\u0160ema 3<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND02 (Ground) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN03 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND04 (Zemlja) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR05 (Napajanje) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN06 (Signal) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>(1) Napojna ravan i zemaljska ravan su potpuno povezani; (2) Svaki signalni sloj je direktno susjed unutra\u0161njoj napojnoj\/zemaljskoj ravni, \u0161to osigurava u\u010dinkovitu izolaciju od drugih signalnih slojeva i smanjuje preslu\u0161avanje; (3) Signalni sloj SIN03 je susjed dvjema unutra\u0161njim ravnima (GND02 i PWR05), \u0161to u\u010dinkovito \u0161titi od vanjskih smetnji na SIN03 i smanjuje preslu\u0161avanje sa SIN03 na druge slojeve.<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
\u0160ema 4<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (Signal) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND02 (Ground) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR03 (Napajanje) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND04 (Zemlja) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR05 (Napajanje) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN06 (Signal) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>(1) Napojna ravan i zemaljska ravan su potpuno povezani; (2) Svaki signalni sloj je direktno susjed unutra\u0161njoj napojnoj\/zemaljskoj ravni, \u0161to osigurava u\u010dinkovitu izolaciju od ostalih signalnih slojeva i smanjuje preslu\u0161avanje.<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uspore\u0111uju\u0107i sheme 1 do 4, kada je performansa signala glavni prioritet, sheme 3 i 4 su o\u010dito bolje od prve dvije. Me\u0111utim, u stvarnom dizajnu proizvoda tro\u0161ak je glavna briga. Uz visoku gusto\u0107u rute, dizajneri \u010desto biraju shemu 1 za slojevitost kako bi smanjili tro\u0161kove. Prilikom rutiranja na shemi 1 obratite posebnu pa\u017enju na presjeke izme\u0111u dva susjedna signalna sloja i nastojte smanjiti preslu\u0161avanje \u0161to je vi\u0161e mogu\u0107e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Za uobi\u010dajene osmoslojne plo\u010de prikazane su preporu\u010dene opcije slojeva na slici 8-37. Prednost dajte opciji 1 ili opciji 2. Opcija 3 je upotrebljiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure
Slika 8-37 Preporu\u010dene sheme stackupa za uobi\u010dajene osmoslojne plo\u010de<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

7. Dodavanje i ure\u0111ivanje slojeva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nakon \u0161to potvrdite plan slojeva, kako dodajete slojeve u Altium Designeru? Slijedi jednostavan primjer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokrenite komandnu opciju iz menija \u201cDesign \u2192 Layer Stack Manager\u201d ili pritisnite pre\u010dicu \u201cDK\u201d da biste otvorili Layer Stack Manager. Postavite povezane parametre kao \u0161to je prikazano na slici 8-38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desni klik i odaberite \u201cUmetni sloj iznad\u201d ili \u201cUmetni sloj ispod\u201d da biste dodali sloj. Mo\u017eete dodati pozitivnu ravan ili negativnu ravan. Koristite \u201cPomi\u010di sloj gore\u201d ili \u201cPomi\u010di sloj dolje\u201d da biste prilagodili redoslijed dodanih slojeva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dvostruko kliknite na naziv sloja da biste ga preimenovali. Mo\u017eete imenovati slojeve TOP, GND02, SIN03, SIN04, PWR05, BOTTOM itd. Altium Designer 19 podr\u017eava ovo imenovanje \u201cslovo + broj sloja\u201d. To olak\u0161ava \u010ditanje i prepoznavanje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Postavite plo\u010du i debljinu sloja prema stackupu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da biste ispunili zahtjev dizajna za 20H, mo\u017eete postaviti koli\u010dinu keepouta negativne ravnine (unutra\u0161nji pomak). [Napomena: originalni tekst koristi \u201c20H\u201d. Prevodilac zadr\u017eava ovaj termin onako kako je napisan.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kliknite \u201cOK\u201d da zavr\u0161ite postavke stackupa. Primjer efekta stackupa \u010detveroslojnog plo\u010dica prikazan je na slici 8-39.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure
Slika 8-39 Rezultat slojevitog rasporeda \u010detveroslojnog \u0161tampanog ploca<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

8. Preporuka<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Predla\u017ee se da se slojevi signala tretiraju kao pozitivne ravni, a slojevi napajanja i uzemljenja kao negativne ravni. Ovaj pristup mo\u017ee znatno smanjiti veli\u010dinu datoteka i ubrzati rad na dizajnu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. 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