{"id":4880,"date":"2026-04-30T07:07:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T07:07:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4880"},"modified":"2026-04-30T07:07:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T07:07:38","slug":"how-to-design-a-pcb-so-a-manufacturer-wont-reject-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/how-to-design-a-pcb-so-a-manufacturer-wont-reject-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Kako dizajnirati PCB (da ga proizvo\u0111a\u010d ne\u0107e odbaciti)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ako ste ikada pogledali \u0161tampanu plo\u010du i pomislili: \"Da, to nikada ne bih mogao\", mo\u017eete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ne odmah. Ne savr\u0161eno iz prve. Ali apsolutno mo\u017eete nau\u010diti kako dizajnirati PCB koji radi, proizvodi se bez problema i ne pretvara se u sedmodnevnu no\u0107nu moru otklanjanja gre\u0161aka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I iskreno, najte\u017ei dio nije raspore\u0111ivanje komponenti ili provla\u010denje tragova. To je znati \u0161ta prvo uraditi, \u0161ta dvaput provjeriti i \u0161ta \u0107e vas kasnije izgristi ako to zanemarite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dakle, ovo je prakti\u010dni vodi\u010d korak po korak. Na ovaj na\u010din bih objasnio prijatelju koji ve\u0107 ima shemu i sada \u017eeli da u svojim rukama dr\u017ei stvarni \u0161tampani plo\u010dica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-0-what-designing-a-circuit-board-actually-includes\">\u0160ta zapravo uklju\u010duje \u201cdizajniranje \u0161tampane plo\u010de\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ljudi ka\u017eu \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/pcb-design\/\">Dizajn \u0161tampane plo\u010dice<\/a>\u201dkao da je to jedan korak. To je vi\u0161e poput lanca.\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Definirajte zahtjeve i ograni\u010denja<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kreirajte shemu (logi\u010dki krug)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dodijelite otiske stopa (fizi\u010dke pakete)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kreirajte obrise plo\u010de i mehani\u010dka ograni\u010denja<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postavite komponente s namjerom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trase ruta i avioni<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokrenite provjere dizajna i elektri\u010dne provjere<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Generirajte proizvodne datoteke<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neka ga izrade i sastave.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Testiraj, popravi, ponovi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u017eete izvesti korake 2 do 8 u CAD alatu za tiskane plo\u010dice. Ostatak je, pa, stvarni \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-1-step-1-start-with-clear-requirements-this-saves-you-later\">Korak 1: Po\u010dnite sa jasnim zahtjevima (ovo \u0107e vam kasnije u\u0161tedjeti)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prije nego \u0161to otvorite KiCad, Altium ili bilo \u0161ta drugo \u0161to koristite, napi\u0161ite jednostavnu kontrolnu listu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0160ta odbor radi, u jednoj re\u010denici?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raspon ulaznog napona? Rizik od obrnute polariteta?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maksimalna struja na bilo kojem vodu?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Koliko velika mo\u017ee biti plo\u010da?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kako \u0107e se montirati? Viti, odstojnici, kop\u010de?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Koji konektori i kuda trebaju biti okrenuti?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neki osjetljivi signali? Visoka brzina, analogni, RF, niska buka?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Okru\u017eenje. Toplina, vibracija, vlaga?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ciljani tro\u0161ak i koli\u010dina<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ovo djeluje dosadno, ali oblikuje sve. Na primjer, treba li vam dva ili \u010detiri sloja. Mogu li va\u0161i tragovi biti krupni i popustljivi ili zahtijevaju kontroliranu impedanciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-2-step-2-capture-the-schematic-and-make-it-readable\">Korak 2: Snimite \u0161emu (i u\u010dinite je \u010ditljivom)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PCB po\u010dinje kao \u0161ema. \u010cak i ako je va\u0161 krug jednostavan, ipak ga napravite kako treba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nekoliko pravila koja zvu\u010de dosadno, ali znatno olak\u0161avaju otklanjanje gre\u0161aka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Koristite mre\u017ene oznake umjesto dugih \u017eica posvuda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grupiraj po funkciji: napajanje, mikrokontroler, senzori, konektori<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uklju\u010dite kondenzatore za odvo\u0111enje napajanja pored pinova za napajanje IC-a i u shemu, a ne samo kasnije na PCB-u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dodajte testne ta\u010dke sada. Kasnije \u0107ete si biti zahvalni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stavite vrijednosti i brojeve dijelova u polja, a ne u nasumi\u010dne bilje\u0161ke.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tako\u0111er, nemojte se oslanjati na pam\u0107enje za pinoute. Uvijek koristite podatkovni list prilikom o\u017ei\u010davanja simbola. Posebno za regulatore, USB i sve \u0161to ima vi\u0161e uzemljenja ili izlo\u017eene padove.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"566\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/PCB-schematic.webp\" alt=\"PCB schematic\" class=\"wp-image-4882\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/PCB-schematic.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/PCB-schematic-300x212.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/PCB-schematic-768x543.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/PCB-schematic-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-3-a-quick-sanity-pass-before-moving-on\">Kratki test razuma prije nego \u0161to nastavimo dalje<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pitaj se:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Imam li podizanja i spu\u0161tanja gdje je potrebno?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Imam li otpornike za ograni\u010davanje struje za LED diode?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jesam li uklju\u010dio programerske ili debug glave ako je u pitanju plo\u010da mikrokontrolera?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postoji li za\u0161tita na ulazu napajanja? Barem osigura\u010d ili poliusigura\u010d, mo\u017eda TVS dioda ako je vanjski konektor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-4-step-3-choose-components-that-exist-in-real-life\">Korak 3: Odaberite komponente koje postoje u stvarnom \u017eivotu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ovdje mnoge prve plo\u010de propadaju. U \u0161emi svaki dio radi. U proizvodnji rade samo dijelovi s dobrim rasporedom pinova i dostupno\u0161\u0107u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prilikom odabira dijelova, obratite pa\u017enju na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Veli\u010dina paketa koju zaista mo\u017eete lemiti (0603 je u redu, 0402 je naporna, QFN je izvodljivo, ali zahtijeva pa\u017enju)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dostupnost lanca snabdijevanja. Poku\u0161ajte ne birati dijelove jednoroga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Napon i struja s mar\u017eom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Za konektore provjerite mehani\u010dki crte\u017e. Ne naga\u0111ajte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako ne\u0161to gradite \u0161to biste mo\u017eda kasnije ponovo naru\u010dili, odaberite dijelove iz dobro podr\u017eanih serija. Va\u0161a budu\u0107a verzija bit \u0107e manje ljuta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-5-step-4-footprints-the-place-where-mistakes-get-expensive\">Korak 4: Tragovi. Mjesto gdje pogre\u0161ke postaju skupe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Svaki simboli\u010dki simbol na \u0161emi treba imati otisak koji odgovara ta\u010dnom fizi\u010dkom dijelu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I ovo je dio u kojem po\u010detnici slu\u010dajno naru\u010de deset podmeta\u010da sa bakrom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uradite ovo pa\u017eljivo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uskladite broj klinova i razmak izme\u0111u klinova.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uskladite varijantu paketa (SOIC nije TSSOP, QFN dolazi u vi\u0161e veli\u010dina)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provjerite oznake polariteta za diode, elektrolitske kondenzatore i pin 1 integriranog kola.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provjerite otvore na dvori\u0161tu i maski za lemljenje ako ste napravili prilago\u0111eni otisak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-6-i-like-to-do-this-one-simple-check\">Volim obaviti ovu jednostavnu provjeru.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Od\u0161tampajte PCB 1:1 na papiru i postavite stvarne komponente na njega. Posebno konektore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zvu\u010di niskotehnolo\u0161ki. Radi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prije nego \u0161to prije\u0111ete na sljede\u0107i korak, klju\u010dno je izvr\u0161iti temeljitu <a href=\"https:\/\/resources.pcb.cadence.com\/blog\/pcb-inspection-checklist-before-and-after-fab\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Inspekcija PCB-a<\/a> da se osigura da su svi otisci i postavke ta\u010dni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-7-step-5-set-up-the-board-outline-and-layer-stack\">Korak 5: Postavite obrise plo\u010de i slojevski stek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sada prelazite na raspored \u0161tampane plo\u010dice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010dni sa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Oblik i dimenzije plo\u010de<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rupe za monta\u017eu i zabranjena podru\u010dja<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ograni\u010denja pri postavljanju konektora (USB na rubu itd.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odluka o broju slojeva<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/PCB-stackup.webp\" alt=\"PCB stackup\" class=\"wp-image-4881\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/PCB-stackup.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/PCB-stackup-300x191.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/PCB-stackup-768x490.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/PCB-stackup-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-8-2-layers-vs-4-layers\">2 sloja naspram 4 sloja<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Za ve\u0107inu hobisti\u010dkih i mnogih komercijalnih plo\u010da, dva sloja je sasvim dovoljno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ali mo\u017eda \u017eelite 4 sloja ako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Imate visokobrzinske signale (USB 2.0, brzi rubovi, DDR itd.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Potrebna vam je bolja referentna povr\u0161ina i manje buke.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ru\u010dite gusto postavljene komponente poput BGAs ili mno\u0161tva sitno-razmaknutih QFP-ova.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u017delite da integritet napajanja bude jednostavniji.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Uobi\u010dajena \u010detveroslojna hrpa je:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gornji signal, Zemljana plo\u010da, Napojna plo\u010da, Donji signal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nije obavezno. Ali je lijep zadani izbor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-9-step-6-place-components-like-you-mean-it\">Korak 6: Postavite komponente kao da vam \u017eivot ovisi o tome<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Postavljanje nije dekoracija. To je elektri\u010dna izvedba, proizvodljivost i razumnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evo prakti\u010dnog reda rasporeda koji funkcioni\u0161e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prvo stavite konektore i dijelove korisni\u010dkog su\u010delja (tipke, LED diode, zasloni)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Slijedi postavljanje ulaza napajanja i odjeljka za regulaciju napajanja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postavite glavni kontroler ili glavni IC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postavite pomo\u0107ne komponente oko njega (kristal, razdvajanje, boot otpornici)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postavite funkcionalne blokove: senzore, pogone, operacijska poja\u010dala itd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postavite testne bodove i programski priklju\u010dak<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-10-placement-tips-that-prevent-noise-and-weirdness\">Savjeti za postavljanje koji sprje\u010davaju buku i \u010dudnosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sa\u010duvaj <a href=\"https:\/\/resources.altium.com\/p\/bypass-and-decoupling-capacitor-placement-guidelines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">razdvojni kondenzatori<\/a> Izuzetno blizu IC napojnim pinovima. Ne \u201cprili\u010dno blizu\u201d. Ve\u0107 do njih.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dr\u017eite analogne sekcije podalje od prekida\u010dkih regulatora.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dr\u017eite petlje velikih struja zbijenima. Kratke i \u0161iroke staze, minimalna povr\u0161ina petlje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dr\u017eite kristale blizu MCU-a i vodite te tragove kratko, bez vias ako je mogu\u0107e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ostavite prostor za ruting. Ako je sve spakovano od ivice do ivice, ruting postaje zagonetka koju \u0107ete izgubiti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tako\u0111er razmislite o sklapanju. Ako \u0107e plo\u010du sastavljati tvornica, vole dosljednu orijentaciju i dovoljno razmaka za pick and place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-11-step-7-define-design-rules-early-clearance-widths-via-sizes\">Korak 7: Definirajte pravila dizajna rano (razmak, \u0161irine, veli\u010dine via)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Va\u0161 PCB alat treba znati <a href=\"https:\/\/networkpcb.com\/manufacturing\/design-limit\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ograni\u010denja proizvodnje<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tipi\u010dna sigurna podrazumijeva vrijednosti za mnoge fabrike:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0160irina trake: 6 mil ili 8 mil za signale (\u0161ire je lak\u0161e)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Debljina: 6 mil ili 8 mil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Put bu\u0161enja: 0,3 mm s promjerom 0,6 mm (provjerite kod svog proizvo\u0111a\u010da)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro\u0161irenje maske za lemljenje: fabri\u010dko podrazumijevano je obi\u010dno u redu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ali nemojte naga\u0111ati. Koristite mogu\u0107nosti proizvo\u0111a\u010da. Svaka fab ima stranicu s mogu\u0107nostima. Ako idete na jeftine prototipove, budite konzervativni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-12-trace-width-for-current\">\u0160irina traga za struju<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Signalni vodovi mogu biti tanki. Napojni vodovi \u010desto trebaju biti \u0161iri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako na tragu imate 1A ili vi\u0161e, nemojte ga pokretati na 6 mil i nadati se. Koristite a <a href=\"https:\/\/tracewidthcalculator.com\/differential-impedance-calculator\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">kalkulator \u0161irine traga<\/a> ili ga samo napravi \u0161irokim i kratkim. ili ulij bakar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-13-step-8-route-the-board-and-try-to-keep-it-calm\">Korak 8: Uputi plo\u010du (i poku\u0161aj je smiriti)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Routing je faza u kojoj ljudi ili postanu opsjednuti ili odustanu. Nije magija. To je skup prioriteta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-14-suggested-routing-order\">Predlo\u017eeni redoslijed ruta<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prvo kriti\u010dni signali<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Linije sata, diferencijalni parovi, osjetljivi analogni \u010dvorovi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ru\u010dno usmjeravanje<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glavne \u0161ine, putevi velikih struja<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sve ostalo<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-15-ground-strategy\">Strategija na terenu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako imate dvije slojevine, \u010dvrsta masa na jednoj strani je zlato. Na drugoj strani provucite signale \u0161to je vi\u0161e mogu\u0107e, a zatim pove\u017eite masu pomo\u0107u via-puta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako morate razdvojiti tlo, u\u010dinite to s namjerom. Ve\u0107inu vremena po\u010detnici razdvajaju tlo kada to ne bi trebali. Kontinuirana ravan tla je obi\u010dno bolja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-16-a-few-routing-habits-that-help\">Nekoliko navika u rutiranju koje poma\u017eu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Izbjegavajte duge tanke tragove za napajanje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Koristite kutove od 45 stepeni ili lukove ako va\u0161 alat to lako podr\u017eava. Ne zato \u0161to su kutovi od 90 stepeni lo\u0161i pri malim brzinama, nego zato \u0161to tako rute izgledaju \u010di\u0161\u0107e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimizirajte vias na osjetljivim ili brzim signalima<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Imajte na umu povratne putanje. Signali trebaju povratnu strujnu putanju ispod sebe, obi\u010dno u zemaljskoj ravnini.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-17-differential-pairs-usb-etc\">Diferencijalni parovi (USB, itd.)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako imate USB D+ i D-, usmjerite kao <a href=\"https:\/\/resources.pcb.cadence.com\/blog\/2024-controlled-impedance-design-guide-cadence\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">diferencijalni par sa dosljednim razmakom i podudarnom du\u017einom<\/a>, i koristite ispravnu impedanciju ako je va\u0161 stackup podr\u017eava. Va\u0161 CAD alat obi\u010dno mo\u017ee izra\u010dunati \u0161irine na osnovu stackupa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako ne zna\u0161, to je u redu. Ali nemoj improvizirati i praviti da jedna zmija crta krugove po plo\u010di dok druga ide ravno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-18-step-9-add-copper-pours-thermal-relief-and-stitching-vias\">Korak 9: Dodajte ulijevanja bakra, termi\u010dko olak\u0161anje i pro\u0161ivne vijase<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bakreni prelivi mogu smanjiti impedanciju i pomo\u0107i pri upravljanju toplinom. Uobi\u010dajeni prelivi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zemlju izlijte na vrh i dno (povezano na GND mre\u017eu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Snaga se isporu\u010duje za vodove visoke struje ako vam je potrebna.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Koristite termalno olak\u0161anje za padove kroz rupu povezane s izlijevanjima. Ina\u010de ru\u010dno lemljenje postaje mu\u010dno, a \u010dak i prerada je te\u017ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dodajte \u0161avne provodnike za povezivanje gornjeg i donjeg zemaljskog ulijevanja. Posebno oko perimetra, blizu konektora i blizu prekida\u010dkih regulatora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-19-step-10-silkscreen-make-the-board-friendly\">Korak 10: Sitotisak. U\u010dinite plo\u010du prijateljskom.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sitotisak nije samo etikete. To je upotrebljivost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uklju\u010dite:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Referentni oznaka (R1, C5, U2) barem za klju\u010dne dijelove<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Polaritetne oznake za diode, elektrolitske kondenzatore i LED diode<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postavite oznake 1 za IC-ove<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oznake konektora. TX, RX, 5V, GND, itd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Naziv plo\u010de, verzija, datum ili revizija<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ostavite sebi mrvice. Vratit \u0107ete se na ovu plo\u010du za nekoliko mjeseci i ne\u0107ete se ni\u010dega sje\u0107ati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-20-step-11-run-checks-before-you-export-anything\">Korak 11: Pokrenite provjere prije nego \u0161to i\u0161ta izvezete.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Uradite ovo u svom CAD alatu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ERC na \u0161emi (provjera elektri\u010dnih pravila)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DRC na PCB-u (provjera pravila dizajna)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provjera nepovezanih mre\u017ea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kr\u0161enja propisa o slobodnom prometu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prstenasti prsten i provjere bu\u0161enja<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Zatim izvr\u0161ite ljudsku provjeru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jesu li svi konektori okrenuti u pravom smjeru?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jesu li rupe za monta\u017eu ispravne?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postoje li neki komponente na rubu plo\u010de koje \u0107e se sudariti s ku\u0107i\u0161tem?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jesi li zamijenio TX i RX? To se de\u0161ava.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Da li svi polarizirani dijelovi odgovaraju \u0161emi i sito\u0161tampi?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako mo\u017eete, napravite 3D prikaz. Mnogi alati ga sada podr\u017eavaju i brzo otkrivaju glupe mehani\u010dke probleme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-21-step-12-generate-manufacturing-files-gerbers-drills-and-notes\">Korak 12: Generirajte proizvodne datoteke (Gerber, bu\u0161enja i bilje\u0161ke)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u0107ina proizvo\u0111a\u010da PCB-a \u017eeli:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.sparkfun.com\/tutorials\/beginners-guide-to-kicad\/exporting-gerbers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gerber datoteke<\/a> (ili ponekad jedan Gerber paket zip)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu\u0161ne svrdla (Excellon)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obrisa plo\u010de<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Readme ili bilje\u0161ke o izradi (opcionalno, ali korisno)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Za sklapanje: BOM i pick-and-place datoteka (centroid), plus crte\u017ei za sklapanje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Izvezite koriste\u0107i preporu\u010dena pode\u0161avanja va\u0161eg fabrika ako nude unaprijed pode\u0161enu opciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jo\u0161 jedna stvar. Jasno nazovi slojeve. I \u010duvaj verzije. \u201cfinal final v7\u201d je smije\u0161no dok ne postane problemati\u010dno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-22-step-13-prototype-like-you-expect-problems-because-there-will-be-some\">Korak 13: Prototipirajte kao da o\u010dekujete probleme (jer \u0107e ih biti)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvo naru\u010dite malu seriju. \u010cak i ako je dizajn \u201cjednostavan\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kada stignu plo\u010de:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pregledajte pri dobrom osvjetljenju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provjerite kratki spoj na vodilicama za napajanje prije nego \u0161to i\u0161ta priklju\u010dite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poja\u010davajte napon polako, ako mo\u017eete, pomo\u0107u napojne jedinice na klupi i ograni\u010denja struje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provjerite \u0161ine, zatim satove, zatim programiranje, zatim periferije<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako ne\u0161to zaka\u017ee, ne pani\u010darite. Gre\u0161ke na PCB-u sistematski otklanjajte. Ve\u0107ina ranih gre\u0161aka na PCB-u su:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pogre\u0161an otisak ili pogre\u0161no mapiranje PIN-a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fali povla\u010denje prema gore ili prema dolje<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Problemi sa redoslijedom uklju\u010divanja ili stabilno\u0161\u0107u regulatora (pogre\u0161ni kondenzatori)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Problemi s rasporedom oko prekida\u010dkih regulatora<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Problemi sa uzemljenjem ili povratnim vodom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jednostavne gre\u0161ke u orijentaciji<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To je normalno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-23-a-simple-tool-stack-that-works-if-you-are-picking-software\">Jednostavan skup alata koji radi (ako birate softver)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kicad.org\/discover\/gerber-viewer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">KiCad<\/a>: besplatno, vrlo sposobno, sjajna zajednica<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EasyEDA: prakti\u010dno ako \u017eelite brze obla\u010dne radne procese<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Altium: industrijski standard, skup, mo\u0107an<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Autodesk Fusion elektronika: zavisi od va\u0161eg radnog toka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako ste novi, KiCad je sna\u017ena polazna ta\u010dka i vi\u0161e nije igra\u010dka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-24-common-beginner-mistakes-that-are-weirdly-easy-to-avoid\">Uobi\u010dajene po\u010detni\u010dke gre\u0161ke koje je \u010dudno lako izbje\u0107i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-25-forgetting-decoupling-capacitors\">Zaboravljanje odvojnih kondenzatora<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u0107ina integrisanih kola zahtijeva 0,1 \u00b5F blizu svakog napojnog pin-a, plus veliki kondenzator u blizini (npr. 4,7 \u00b5F ili 10 \u00b5F). Pro\u010ditajte podatkovni list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-26-trusting-random-footprints\">Povjeravanje nasumi\u010dnim tragovima<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Otisci iz biblioteka su korisni, ali uvijek provjerite podatkovni list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-27-putting-the-programming-header-somewhere-impossible\">Postavljanje programskog zaglavlja na neko nemogu\u0107e mjesto<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako trebate flashati firmware, ne skrivajte zaglavlje ispod ekrana niti ga postavljajte 1 mm od zida ku\u0107i\u0161ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-28-no-test-points\">Nema testnih ta\u010daka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cak i samo padovi za GND, 3V3, 5V, RX, TX. To omogu\u0107ava probanje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-29-switching-regulator-layout-just-routed\">Raspored prekida\u010dkog regulatora \u201csamo \u0161to je provu\u010den\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prelazni regulatori imaju smjernice za raspored iz razloga. Slijedite referentni raspored u tehni\u010dkom listu \u0161to je mogu\u0107e preciznije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-30-final-thought-and-the-part-where-you-actually-get-boards-made\">Zavr\u0161na misao (i dio u kojem zapravo naru\u010dite izradu plo\u010da)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dizajniranje PCB-a je ciklus. Dizajnira\u0161, gradi\u0161, u\u010di\u0161, revidira\u0161. Druga plo\u010da je uvijek \u010di\u0161\u0107a od prve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako \u017eelite proizvodnog partnera koji mo\u017ee uzeti va\u0161e Gerbers datoteke i pomo\u0107i vam da ih dovedete do kraja bez naga\u0111anja, to je va\u017eno. Jako va\u017eno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tra\u017eite pouzdanog partnera za proizvodnju PCB-a?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u0161aljite svoje datoteke dizajna na <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/bs\/contact\/\">Filifast\u00a0<\/a>Kontaktirajte nas danas i dobijte konkurentnu ponudu uz stru\u010dnu podr\u0161ku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-31-faqs-frequently-asked-questions\">\u010cesto postavljana pitanja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-32-what-are-the-key-steps-involved-in-designing-a-pcb-from-schematic-to-finished-board\">Koji su klju\u010dni koraci u dizajniranju PCB-a od \u0161eme do gotove plo\u010de?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dizajniranje \u0161tampane plo\u010dice (PCB) obuhvata niz koraka: definiranje zahtjeva i ograni\u010denja, izradu \u0161eme, dodjelu otisaka komponenti, postavljanje kontura plo\u010dice i mehani\u010dkih ograni\u010denja, promi\u0161ljeno postavljanje komponenti, usmjeravanje tragova i ravni, izvo\u0111enje provjera pravila dizajna i elektri\u010dnih provjera, generiranje proizvodnih datoteka, izradu i sklapanje plo\u010dice te na kraju testiranje i iteriranje po potrebi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-33-why-is-it-important-to-start-pcb-design-with-clear-requirements\">Za\u0161to je va\u017eno zapo\u010deti dizajn PCB-a sa jasnim zahtjevima?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010detak s jasnim zahtjevima poma\u017ee oblikovati svaki aspekt va\u0161eg dizajna \u0161tampane plo\u010dice. Poznavanje namjene plo\u010dice, raspona ulaznog napona, ograni\u010denja struje, dimenzionalnih ograni\u010denja, metoda monta\u017ee, potreba za konektorima, osjetljivih signala, uvjeta okoline, ciljanih tro\u0161kova i koli\u010dine osigurava da donosite informirane odluke poput broja slojeva (2 vs. 4), \u0161irine tragova, kontrole impedanse i izbora komponenti koje odgovaraju potrebama va\u0161eg projekta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-34-how-can-i-make-my-schematic-more-readable-and-easier-to-debug\">Kako mogu u\u010diniti da moja \u0161ema bude \u010ditljivija i lak\u0161a za otklanjanje gre\u0161aka?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Za pobolj\u0161anje \u010ditljivosti \u0161eme: koristite oznake mre\u017ea umjesto dugih \u017eica svugdje; grupirajte komponente po funkciji, poput napojnih sekcija ili senzora; postavite dekupla\u017ene kondenzatore pored napojnih pinova integrisanih kola u \u0161emi; dodajte testne ta\u010dke rano; uklju\u010dite vrijednosti i brojeve dijelova u namijenjena polja umjesto u napomene; uvijek provjerite pinout u skladu s podacima iz kataloga, posebno za slo\u017eene dijelove.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-35-what-should-i-consider-when-choosing-components-for-my-pcb\">\u0160ta trebam uzeti u obzir pri odabiru komponenti za moj PCB?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Odaberite komponente koje postoje u stvarnom \u017eivotu s dostupnim otiscima i podr\u0161kom u lancu snabdijevanja. Obratite pa\u017enju na veli\u010dinu pakovanja koje mo\u017eete lemiti (0603 je upravljivo; manje veli\u010dine poput 0402 ili QFN zahtijevaju pa\u017enju), nazivne napone\/struje s rezervom, mehani\u010dke crte\u017ee, posebno za konektore, i birajte dijelove iz dobro podr\u017eanih serija ako planirate budu\u0107e ponovne narud\u017ebe. Izbjegavajte \u2018jednoroge\u2019 dijelove koje je te\u0161ko nabaviti ili zamijeniti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-36-how-do-i-ensure-my-footprints-match-the-actual-physical-parts-correctly\">Kako mogu osigurati da se moji otisci ispravno podudaraju sa stvarnim fizi\u010dkim dijelovima?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pa\u017eljivo uskladite broj pinova i razmak; provjerite varijante pakovanja (npr. SOIC naspram TSSOP); provjerite oznake polariteta na diodama ili elektrolitskim kondenzatorima; potvrdite dimenzije otvora i otvore maske za lemljenje, posebno kod prilago\u0111enih rasporeda pinova. Prakti\u010dan savjet je da svoj raspored PCB-a od\u0161tampate 1:1 na papiru i fizi\u010dki postavite stvarne komponente na njega kako biste prije nastavka provjerili da li odgovaraju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heading-37-when-should-i-choose-a-4-layer-pcb-over-a-2-layer-one\">Kada bih trebao odabrati \u010detveroslojnu \u0161tampanu plo\u010du umjesto dvoslojne?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Preporu\u010duje se \u010detveroslojna tiskanica ako imate visokobrzinske signale (poput USB 2.0 ili DDR), trebate bolju referentnu masu za smanjenje \u0161uma, morate usmjeriti gusto postavljene komponente poput BGA ili integriteta s finim korakom, ili \u017eelite pobolj\u0161ani integritet napajanja. Uobi\u010dajena \u010detveroslojna konfiguracija uklju\u010duje gornji signalni sloj, masu, napajanje i donji signalni sloj, \u0161to zadovoljava ove potrebe u usporedbi s tipi\u010dnim dvostranim plo\u010dicama prikladnim za mnoge hobisti\u010dke projekte.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you have ever looked at a circuit board and thought, yeah I could never do that. You can. Not [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4883,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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