{"id":1915,"date":"2025-08-25T02:14:28","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T02:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=1915"},"modified":"2025-09-25T07:23:07","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T07:23:07","slug":"hdi-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcb-manufacturer\/hdi-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"Spolehliv\u00fd n\u00e1vrh a v\u00fdroba HDI PCB"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1915\" class=\"elementor elementor-1915\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c325e24 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c325e24\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ce50fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ce50fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"101\">Co je HDI PCB<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">Deska HDI je deska s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji s vysokou hustotou propojen\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mikro zaslepen\u00e9 a zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky. Tyto desky maj\u00ed vysokou hustotu linek. Maj\u00ed stopy vnit\u0159n\u00ed vrstvy a stopy vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 vrtan\u00e9 otvory a pokoven\u00e9 otvory pro propojen\u00ed stop mezi vrstvami. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee elektronick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky jsou st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, v\u00fdrobci po\u017eaduj\u00ed hust\u0161\u00ed desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Nejlep\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it hustotu DPS, je sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det pr\u016fchoz\u00edch otvor\u016f a p\u0159idat dob\u0159e um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 slep\u00e9 a zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky. Tato pot\u0159eba vedla ke vzniku desek HDI.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2703 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb.webp\" alt=\"hdi pcb\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb-300x225.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"626\">Definice IPC<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"627\" data-end=\"681\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electronics.org\/TOC\/IPC-2226A.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IPC-2226<\/a> poskytuje jasn\u00e9 pravidlo pro slep\u00e9 a zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<li data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"734\">\n<p data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"734\">Pr\u016fm\u011br pr\u016fchodky nebo zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky \u2264 0,15 mm (0,00591 palce).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"781\">\n<p data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"781\">Pr\u016fm\u011br krou\u017eku \u2264 0,35 mm (0,0138 palce).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"782\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<p data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"1035\">Tyto pr\u016fchodky lze vytvo\u0159it laserov\u00fdm nebo mechanick\u00fdm vrt\u00e1n\u00edm, lept\u00e1n\u00edm za sucha a za mokra nebo p\u0159enosem vzoru. Pot\u00e9 se otvor zakryje vodiv\u00fdm pokoven\u00edm.<br \/>Pozn\u00e1mka: Pokud je pr\u016fm\u011br otvoru &gt; 0,15 mm (0,00591 palce), pova\u017eujte jej za pr\u016fchoz\u00ed otvor podle stejn\u00e9 normy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1069\">B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 velikosti vrt\u00e1k\u016f pro HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1183\">B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 velikosti pr\u016fchodek pro HDI jsou 3-5 mil. N\u00e1vrh\u00e1\u0159i nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed 4 mil jako st\u0159edn\u00ed hodnotu pro n\u00e1vrh a v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1221\">B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 standardy IPC pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1222\" data-end=\"1265\">Typick\u00e9 normy IPC pro pr\u00e1ci s HDI zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1351\">\n<p data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1351\">IPC\/JPCA-2315 - P\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro n\u00e1vrh struktury propojen\u00ed a mikropropojen\u00ed s vysokou hustotou.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1441\">\n<p data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1441\">IPC-2226 - norma pro n\u00e1vrh desek s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji s vysokou hustotou (HDI).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1545\">\n<p data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1545\">IPC\/JPCA-4104 - Specifikace pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed dielektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a jejich vlastnost\u00ed pro struktury HDI.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1546\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<p data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1627\">IPC-6016 - Specifikace pro kvalifikaci a v\u00fdkonnost konstrukc\u00ed HDI.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1632\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1668\">Sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed HDI: v\u00fdzvy a tipy<\/h1>\n<h2 data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1695\">Co znamen\u00e1 sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"2034\">Sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed HDI znamen\u00e1 vyu\u017eit\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pad\u016f a v\u00fdrobn\u00edch metod k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hust\u0161\u00edho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, ani\u017e by se zm\u011bnila funkce obvodu. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, HDI pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00edce vrstev sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, men\u0161\u00ed stopy, men\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fchodky, men\u0161\u00ed podlo\u017eky a ten\u010d\u00ed j\u00e1dra. To umo\u017e\u0148uje vm\u011bstnat slo\u017eit\u00e9 a \u010dasto vysokorychlostn\u00ed obvody do prostor, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve nebyly mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2381\">Se zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdrobn\u00edch metod se v mnoha n\u00e1vrz\u00edch objevuje HDI sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed. HDI najdete v z\u00e1kladn\u00edch desk\u00e1ch, grafick\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch, telefonech a dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch s mal\u00fdm prostorem. Pokud HDI provedete spr\u00e1vn\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete zmen\u0161it velikost desky a tak\u00e9 omezit probl\u00e9my s EMI na desce plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm c\u00edlem mnoha spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed HDI pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tohoto c\u00edle dos\u00e1hnout.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2411\">Sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed HDI a mikrotrasy<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2412\" data-end=\"2575\">Sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed HDI je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00edte, jak navrhovat 8vrstv\u00e9 nebo 16vrstv\u00e9 desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. P\u0159esto HDI p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, kter\u00e9 se mus\u00edte nau\u010dit.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m plo\u0161n\u00e9m spoji vn\u00edm\u00e1me celou desku jako jeden prvek s mnoha vrstvami. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b HDI mus\u00ed konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i uva\u017eovat o mnoha ultratenk\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch poskl\u00e1dan\u00fdch na sebe tak, aby tvo\u0159ily jednu desku. Hlavn\u00ed hnac\u00ed silou pro sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed HDI je technologie pr\u016fchodek. Pr\u016fchodky ji\u017e nejsou pouze pokoven\u00e9 otvory vyvrtan\u00e9 skrz hotov\u00fd stack. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fchoz\u00ed otvory zmen\u0161uj\u00ed prostor, kter\u00fd je k dispozici pro sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed na ka\u017ed\u00e9 vrstv\u011b.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2702 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias-300x207.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"2982\">Tradi\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fchodky nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3410\">V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed HDI jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 mikro\u00faseky. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed propojen\u00ed mnoha hust\u00fdch vrstev. Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed: mikrotrubi\u010dky vypadaj\u00ed jako slep\u00e9 nebo zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, ale pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jinou metodu. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fchodky se vrtaj\u00ed po naskl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vrstev. Mikrovirky se vrtaj\u00ed laserem na vrstvy p\u0159ed jejich stohov\u00e1n\u00edm. Laserem vrtan\u00e9 mikrop\u00e1sky umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed nejmen\u0161\u00ed velikosti otvor\u016f a podlo\u017eek mezi vrstvami. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> rozlo\u017een\u00ed s v\u011bj\u00ed\u0159ovit\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, kde jsou v\u00fdvody um\u00edst\u011bny v m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3412\" data-end=\"3437\">Strategie sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3438\" data-end=\"3697\">Pomoc\u00ed mikro\u010do\u010dek mohou konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i DPS trasovat slo\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b v mnoha vrstv\u00e1ch. Tato metoda se n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201clibovoln\u00e1 vrstva HDI\u201d nebo \u201cpropojen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch vrstev\u201d. Proto\u017ee mikrovrstvy \u0161et\u0159\u00ed m\u00edsto, mohou ob\u011b vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy hostit hust\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky, zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina trasov\u00e1n\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na vnit\u0159n\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3699\" data-end=\"3739\">N\u00edzkoimpedan\u010dn\u00ed uzem\u0148ovac\u00ed roviny jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3971\">Kdy\u017e se sou\u010d\u00e1stky a stopy na v\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 desce zhu\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, zvy\u0161uje se riziko EMI a magnetick\u00e9 vazby. P\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu HDI mus\u00edte zajistit, aby m\u011bl stack spr\u00e1vnou strukturu. Zajist\u011bte dostate\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det zemn\u00edch rovin, abyste z\u00edskali zp\u011btn\u00e9 cesty s n\u00edzkou impedanc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3973\" data-end=\"4223\">Vnit\u0159n\u00ed sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstvy um\u00edst\u011bte mezi zemn\u00ed nebo v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 vrstvy, abyste omezili k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 vazby a p\u0159eslechy. Vysokorychlostn\u00ed sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 cesty udr\u017eujte kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 a jejich zp\u011btn\u00e9 cesty rovn\u011b\u017e kr\u00e1tk\u00e9. Napl\u00e1nujte mikrotrasy tak, aby omezovaly sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 cesty na malou plochu. T\u00edm se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed riziko EMI.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4225\" data-end=\"4304\">Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti pou\u017eijte p\u0159ed v\u00fdrobou vhodn\u00e9 simula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro modelov\u00e1n\u00ed desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f HDI.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4306\" data-end=\"4309\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4311\" data-end=\"4338\">Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody HDI desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4339\" data-end=\"4522\">Mnoho lid\u00ed chce zmen\u0161it velikost v\u00fdrobku. Jedn\u00edm z nejlep\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f je pou\u017eit\u00ed desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f HDI. Pokud pot\u0159ebujete ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hmotnost a men\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011bry, ale zachovat funk\u010dnost a spolehlivost, je HDI dobr\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4524\" data-end=\"4537\">Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4689\">\n<p data-start=\"4540\" data-end=\"4689\">HDI umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed podlo\u017eky v podlo\u017ece a zaslepen\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu jsou d\u00edly bl\u00edzko u sebe a zkracuje se d\u00e9lka stopy. Krat\u0161\u00ed stopy \u010dasto znamenaj\u00ed rychlej\u0161\u00ed a spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4690\" data-end=\"4825\">\n<p data-start=\"4692\" data-end=\"4825\">Tyto desky mohou poskytovat dobr\u00fd v\u00fdkon za rozumnou cenu. HDI je cenov\u011b dostupnou volbou pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed spolehlivou a odolnou elektroniku.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4826\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<p data-start=\"4828\" data-end=\"4961\">Chcete-li se rozhodnout, zda se HDI hod\u00ed pro v\u00e1\u0161 projekt, zjist\u011bte o nich v\u00edce a zjist\u011bte, jak je pou\u017e\u00edvat. Poznejte rozd\u00edly mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi deskami plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f a deskami plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f HDI.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4963\" data-end=\"4966\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4968\" data-end=\"4999\">Kde se dnes pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5000\" data-end=\"5058\">D\u00edky sv\u00fdm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m se HDI desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f objevuj\u00ed v mnoha oborech.<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<li data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5305\">\n<p data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5305\">L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje - mnoho l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt mal\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f. Laboratorn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje a implant\u00e1ty \u010dasto pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed mal\u00e9 desky. Zde pom\u00e1h\u00e1 HDI. Dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je kardiostimul\u00e1tor. Mnoho monitorovac\u00edch a sondovac\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, jako jsou endoskopy, tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 HDI. V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech plat\u00ed, \u017ee men\u0161\u00ed je lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5307\" data-end=\"5431\">\n<p data-start=\"5310\" data-end=\"5431\">Automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl - automobily dob\u0159e vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed prostor. N\u011bkter\u00e1 elektronika v autech se zmen\u0161uje. HDI pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zmen\u0161it velikost p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed funk\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5433\" data-end=\"5537\">\n<p data-start=\"5436\" data-end=\"5537\">Mobiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed - Tablety a telefony pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed HDI. Proto jsou tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s v\u00fdvojem st\u00e1le ten\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5539\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<p data-start=\"5542\" data-end=\"5687\">Letectv\u00ed a obrana - v t\u011bchto oborech se HDI pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro svou spolehlivost a mal\u00e9 rozm\u011bry. HDI se objevuje st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji, proto\u017ee nov\u00e9 konstrukce vy\u017eaduj\u00ed kompaktn\u00ed a stabiln\u00ed desky.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">V budoucnu se bude HDI v\u00edce vyu\u017e\u00edvat v mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch oborech.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2704 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp 420w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5741\" data-end=\"5744\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"5746\" data-end=\"5780\">Co d\u011bl\u00e1 desku plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f HDI deskou plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f HDI?<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5781\" data-end=\"6033\">DPS HDI pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 slep\u00e9 pokoven\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b druh\u00fd krok laminace. Tyto desky mohou b\u00fdt prvn\u00ed, druh\u00e9, t\u0159et\u00ed a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b. V\u00fdrobci obvykle sestavuj\u00ed HDI desky pomoc\u00ed laminovac\u00edch krok\u016f. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce laminovac\u00edch krok\u016f, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed technick\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<li data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6084\">\n<p data-start=\"6037\" data-end=\"6084\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desky HDI \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jeden krok laminace.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6085\" data-end=\"6138\">\n<p data-start=\"6087\" data-end=\"6138\">Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 HDI pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dva nebo v\u00edce krok\u016f laminace.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6139\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<p data-start=\"6141\" data-end=\"6248\">Vysoko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 HDI m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvat stohovan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, pokoven\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vrt\u00e1n\u00ed laserem a dal\u0161\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 metody.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6250\" data-end=\"6314\">Nyn\u00ed si vysv\u011btl\u00edme b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky vrstev a zp\u016fsoby, jak je v\u00fdrobci vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6316\" data-end=\"6319\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6321\" data-end=\"6359\">Jednoduch\u00e9 jednovrstv\u00e9 HDI (p\u0159\u00edklad)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6360\" data-end=\"6700\">Jednoduch\u00e1 jednovrstv\u00e1 deska HDI m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161estivrstv\u00e1 deska se stackem 1+4+1. Tato deska je jednoduch\u00e1. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00edcevrstv\u00e1 deska nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky. Desku dopl\u0148uje jedna laminace. V\u00fdroba je podobn\u00e1 jako u b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch v\u00edcevrstv\u00fdch jednovrstv\u00fdch desek. Po laminaci je v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b nutn\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 vrt\u00e1n\u00ed pro zaslepen\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky a dal\u0161\u00ed kroky.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6702\" data-end=\"6705\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6707\" data-end=\"6749\">Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed jednovrstv\u00e9 HDI (b\u011b\u017en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6750\" data-end=\"7221\">B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 jednovrstv\u00e9 HDI m\u00e1 strukturu (1 + N + 1), kde N \u2265 2 a N je sud\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jednovrstv\u00fd \u0161estivrstv\u00fd HDI pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 strukturu 1+4+1. Tato struktura je b\u011b\u017enou konstrukc\u00ed jednovrstv\u00fdch HDI. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00edcevrstv\u00e1 vrstva m\u00e1 \u010dasto poh\u0159ben\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed druh\u00fd krok laminace k dokon\u010den\u00ed. Tento jednovrstv\u00fd typ m\u00e1 \u010dasto slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky a poh\u0159ben\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky. Pokud se konstrukt\u00e9r\u016fm poda\u0159\u00ed tento typ zm\u011bnit na v\u00fd\u0161e uvedenou jednoduchou jednovrstvou formu, vyd\u011bl\u00e1 na tom jak odb\u011bratel, tak dodavatel.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7223\" data-end=\"7226\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7228\" data-end=\"7270\">Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed dvouvrstv\u00e9 HDI (b\u011b\u017en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7271\" data-end=\"7697\">B\u011b\u017enou dvouvrstvou HDI m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt osmivrstv\u00e1 deska se z\u00e1sobn\u00edkem 1+1+4+1+1. Tento stoh je (1+1+N+1+1) s N \u2265 2 a sud\u00fd. Jedn\u00e1 se o hlavn\u00ed proud dvouvrstv\u00e9ho proveden\u00ed v pr\u016fmyslu plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00edcevrstv\u00e1 deska m\u00e1 zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed t\u0159i kroky laminace. Tento typ \u010dasto nem\u00e1 odstup\u0148ovan\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky pr\u016fchodek. Pokud m\u016f\u017eete zm\u011bnit zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky z vrstev 3-6 na vrstvy 2-7, m\u016f\u017eete sn\u00ed\u017eit jeden krok laminace a sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7699\" data-end=\"7702\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7704\" data-end=\"7740\">Dal\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fd dvouvrstv\u00fd HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7741\" data-end=\"8283\">Tento typ tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 (1+1+N+1+1). P\u0159esto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o dvouvrstvou strukturu, zakopan\u00fd pr\u016fchod se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na jin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b - mezi vrstvami 2 a 7. Tato zm\u011bna m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det krok\u016f laminace ze t\u0159\u00ed na dva. Tato konstrukce m\u00e1 v\u0161ak jeden h\u00e1\u010dek: m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky z vrstev 1-3. Ty mus\u00edte rozd\u011blit na dv\u011b sady (1-2 a 2-3) a vnit\u0159n\u00ed slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky 2-3 vytvo\u0159it s v\u00fdpln\u00ed via. Vypl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fchodek zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1klady a obt\u00ed\u017enost. Proto se p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu sna\u017ete vyhnout skl\u00e1dan\u00fdm pr\u016fchodk\u00e1m a zm\u011b\u0148te 1-3 slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky na rozlo\u017een\u00e9 1-2 a 2-3 slep\u00e9 a zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8285\" data-end=\"8288\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8290\" data-end=\"8348\">Neobvykl\u00e9 dvouvrstv\u00e9 HDI s k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdmi slep\u00fdmi pr\u016fchodkami<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8349\" data-end=\"8842\">Jedna neobvykl\u00e1 dvouvrstv\u00e1 \u0161estivrstv\u00e1 deska HDI pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 1+1+2+1+1. St\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 my\u0161lenku (1+1+N+1+1) s N \u2265 2 a sudou. Tato konstrukce m\u00e1 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchody. Hloubka slep\u00fdch prostup\u016f roste - slep\u00fd prostup o hloubce 1-3 je dvakr\u00e1t hlub\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00fd slep\u00fd prostup o hloubce 1-2. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodnou pro tento n\u00e1vrh, maj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a necht\u011bj\u00ed slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky rozd\u011blen\u00e9 do stohovan\u00fdch pr\u016fchodek. Tyto k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b vrtaj\u00ed laserem. Usazov\u00e1n\u00ed a pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bdi na takto hlubok\u00fdch slep\u00fdch pr\u016fchodk\u00e1ch je rovn\u011b\u017e obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8844\" data-end=\"8847\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8849\" data-end=\"8898\">Stohovan\u00e9 zaslepen\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky ve dvouvrstv\u00e9m HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8899\" data-end=\"9278\">Existuje typ, kde zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky ve vrstv\u00e1ch 2-7 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nad sebou naskl\u00e1dan\u00e9 slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky. St\u00e1le se jedn\u00e1 o strukturu (1+1+N+1+1). Tuto metodu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 dvouvrstv\u00e9 HDI desky. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00edcevrstv\u00e1 deska m\u00e1 poh\u0159ben\u00e1 pr\u016fchodov\u00e1 propojen\u00ed a pot\u0159ebuje dva kroky laminace. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je, \u017ee konstrukce s naskl\u00e1dan\u00fdmi pr\u016fchodkami zvy\u0161uje obt\u00ed\u017enost. Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed zakopan\u00fdch pr\u016fchodek ve vrstv\u00e1ch 2-7 v\u0161ak sni\u017euje jeden krok laminace a \u0161et\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9280\" data-end=\"9283\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9285\" data-end=\"9338\">N\u00e1vrh k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdch slep\u00fdch pr\u016fchodek v dvouvrstv\u00e9m HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"9339\" data-end=\"9875\">Dal\u0161\u00ed dvouvrstv\u00e9 proveden\u00ed (1+1+N+1+1) zahrnuje k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchody. Tento design je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrobci HDI nemaj\u00ed dostatek dovednost\u00ed. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 proveden\u00ed m\u00e1 ve vrstv\u00e1ch 3-6 zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky a vy\u017eaduje t\u0159i kroky laminace. Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je n\u00e1vrh k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdch slep\u00fdch pr\u016fchodek. Pokud se poda\u0159\u00ed rozd\u011blit 1-3 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky na 1-2 a 2-3 slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, n\u00e1klady klesnou a proces se zjednodu\u0161\u00ed. Pozn\u00e1mka: toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed od d\u0159\u00edve vysv\u011btlen\u00e9ho rozd\u011blen\u00ed na stohovan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky. P\u0159i tomto rozd\u011blen\u00ed se m\u00edsto naskl\u00e1dan\u00fdch slep\u00fdch pr\u016fchodek pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed odstup\u0148ovan\u00e9 slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9877\" data-end=\"9880\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9882\" data-end=\"9897\">\u00darovn\u011b HDI<\/h1>\n<ul data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<li data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"9974\">\n<p data-start=\"9900\" data-end=\"9974\">HDI prvn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b (1. \u0159\u00e1du) je jednoduch\u00fd. Proces a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9975\" data-end=\"10042\">\n<p data-start=\"9977\" data-end=\"10042\">HDI druh\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve v\u00fdrob\u011b a produkci.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10043\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<p data-start=\"10045\" data-end=\"10118\">T\u0159et\u00ed a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed pravidly druh\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b, ale jsou slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"10120\" data-end=\"10123\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"10125\" data-end=\"10167\">Rozd\u00edly mezi HDI a b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi PCB<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"10168\" data-end=\"10482\">Desky HDI se \u010dasto vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed technikou laminace za pou\u017eit\u00ed tenk\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f s j\u00e1drem. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce laminac\u00ed, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 procesu. V\u011bt\u0161ina desek HDI pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednu laminaci. Desky HDI vysok\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dv\u011b nebo v\u00edce technik laminace a p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 metody, jako jsou stohovan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, pokoven\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky a p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vrt\u00e1n\u00ed laserem.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10484\" data-end=\"10746\">Pokud je relativn\u00ed hustota desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e osmivrstv\u00e1 deska, je jej\u00ed v\u00fdroba pomoc\u00ed HDI \u010dasto levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e slo\u017eit\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00ed laminov\u00e1n\u00ed a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed. Desky HDI maj\u00ed \u010dasto vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mechanickou pevnost a lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost sign\u00e1lu ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed PCB.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10748\" data-end=\"10792\">Dal\u0161\u00ed vylep\u0161en\u00ed HDI oproti b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm desk\u00e1m plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<li data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10843\">\n<p data-start=\"10795\" data-end=\"10843\">Lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon pro mikrovlnn\u00e9 a r\u00e1diov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10844\" data-end=\"10914\">\n<p data-start=\"10846\" data-end=\"10914\">Lep\u0161\u00ed odolnost proti r\u00e1diov\u00e9mu ru\u0161en\u00ed a elektrostatick\u00e9mu v\u00fdboji.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10915\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<p data-start=\"10917\" data-end=\"10940\">Lep\u0161\u00ed veden\u00ed tepla.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"10942\" data-end=\"11053\">Integrace s vysokou hustotou (HDI) umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby kone\u010dn\u00e9 produkty byly men\u0161\u00ed a standardn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z hlediska funkc\u00ed a v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"11055\" data-end=\"11058\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11060\" data-end=\"11100\">Jednoduch\u00e9 rady pro design\u00e9ry a kupuj\u00edc\u00ed<\/h1>\n<ol data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<li data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11162\">\n<p data-start=\"11104\" data-end=\"11162\">HDI pou\u017eijte, pokud pot\u0159ebujete men\u0161\u00ed velikost a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11163\" data-end=\"11245\">\n<p data-start=\"11166\" data-end=\"11245\">V\u010das se pora\u010fte se sv\u00fdm dodavatelem desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. HDI pot\u0159ebuje kontrolu n\u00e1vrhu pro v\u00fdrobu (DFM).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11246\" data-end=\"11315\">\n<p data-start=\"11249\" data-end=\"11315\">Po\u017e\u00e1dejte o specifikace zalo\u017een\u00e9 na IPC. Pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvejte IPC-2226 a IPC-6016.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11316\" data-end=\"11386\">\n<p data-start=\"11319\" data-end=\"11386\">Pl\u00e1nujte sestavy s dostate\u010dn\u00fdm po\u010dtem zemn\u00edch rovin, aby byly zp\u011btn\u00e9 cesty kr\u00e1tk\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11387\" data-end=\"11476\">\n<p data-start=\"11390\" data-end=\"11476\">Pou\u017eijte velikosti mikroz\u00e1suvek, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed mo\u017enostem va\u0161eho domu desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9: 3-5 mil, \u010dasto 4 mil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11477\" data-end=\"11569\">\n<p data-start=\"11480\" data-end=\"11569\">Pokud to nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9, sna\u017ete se vyhnout stohov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fchodek. \u010casto je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt slep\u00e9\/zapu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11570\" data-end=\"11655\">\n<p data-start=\"11573\" data-end=\"11655\">Pokud se rozhodnete pro v\u00edcestup\u0148ovou laminaci HDI, po\u010d\u00edtejte s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem krok\u016f a kontrol.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11656\" data-end=\"11744\">\n<p data-start=\"11659\" data-end=\"11744\">Pro kontrolu elektromagnetick\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed a integrity sign\u00e1lu pou\u017eijte vhodnou simulaci pro vysokorychlostn\u00ed nebo RF n\u00e1vrhy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11745\" data-end=\"11832\">\n<p data-start=\"11748\" data-end=\"11832\">V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b BGA fan-out pom\u00e1haj\u00ed mikro\u00faseky a podlo\u017eky pad-in-pad zmen\u0161it plochu fan-out a d\u00e9lku stopy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11833\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<p data-start=\"11837\" data-end=\"11930\">Pro kontrolu n\u00e1klad\u016f sni\u017ete po\u010det krok\u016f laminace, pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9. Optimalizujte um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"11932\" data-end=\"11935\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11937\" data-end=\"11954\">Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"11955\" data-end=\"12546\">Desky HDI jsou desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f s vysokou hustotou, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mikro slep\u00e9 a zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed konstrukt\u00e9r\u016fm um\u00edstit v\u00edce stop a sou\u010d\u00e1stek na men\u0161\u00ed plochu. Sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed HDI vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dliv\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed stohov\u00e1n\u00ed, dobr\u00e9 uzem\u0148ovac\u00ed roviny, p\u0159esn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed mikrovia a \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 kontroly DFM. HDI p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed jasn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody z hlediska velikosti, rychlosti sign\u00e1lu a v\u00fdkonu. HDI se objevuje v mnoha oblastech, od l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u017e po automobilov\u00fd a leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. \u010c\u00edm slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je \u00farove\u0148 HDI, t\u00edm pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed je proces a t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed jsou n\u00e1klady. Dobr\u00fd n\u00e1vrh a v\u010dasn\u00e1 komunikace s dodavatelem v\u00e1m pomohou z\u00edskat spr\u00e1vnou desku HDI pro v\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdrobek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-s1ztwe2 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"s1ztwe2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\" data-id=\"7882748\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fc6712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"631b990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Co jsou to mikropropojky, slep\u00e9 a zakopan\u00e9 propojky?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\"><p>Mikroviry jsou velmi mal\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky (\u010dasto vrtan\u00e9 laserem), kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed pouze sousedn\u00ed vrstvy. Slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky spojuj\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy s vnit\u0159n\u00edmi vrstvami; zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky spojuj\u00ed pouze vnit\u0159n\u00ed vrstvy. Tyto typy pr\u016fchodek \u0161et\u0159\u00ed m\u00edsto na desce a zlep\u0161uj\u00ed sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Jak\u00e9 jsou hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f HDI?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\"><p>Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody: vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hustota sou\u010d\u00e1stek, krat\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 cesty (lep\u0161\u00ed integrita sign\u00e1lu), men\u0161\u00ed a leh\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdrobky a lep\u0161\u00ed sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed pro BGA s malou rozte\u010d\u00ed a vysokorychlostn\u00ed obvody.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">N\u00e1zev akordeonu<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\"><p>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 aplikace: chytr\u00e9 telefony a mobiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, 5G a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje, leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, automobilov\u00e1 elektronika a kompaktn\u00ed spot\u0159ebn\u00ed v\u00fdrobky.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Jak\u00e1 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed pravidla jsou speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pro HDI?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\"><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pravidla: omezte pr\u016fm\u011br a rozte\u010d mikrovodi\u010d\u016f, kontrolujte tlou\u0161\u0165ku dielektrika a impedanci, napl\u00e1nujte \u00fanikov\u00e9 cesty BGA (dogbone fanouts) a vyhn\u011bte se pr\u016fchodk\u00e1m v podlo\u017ece, pokud nejsou \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vypln\u011bny\/planarizov\u00e1ny. Dodr\u017eujte DFM a matici schopnost\u00ed v\u00fdrobce.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">N\u00e1zev akordeonu<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\">Accordion Content<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Co je to deska plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f HDI Deska HDI je deska plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f s vysokou hustotou propojen\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mikroslep\u00e9 [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-page"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"c325e24\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"flex_direction\":\"column\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"322b58b\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"2ce50fb\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<h2 data-start=\\\"78\\\" data-end=\\\"101\\\">What is an HDI PCB<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\">An HDI board is a high density interconnect printed circuit board. It uses micro blind and buried vias. These boards have a high line density. They have inner layer traces and outer layer traces. They also use drilled holes and plated holes to link traces between layers. As electronic products get smaller and more precise, makers ask for denser PCBs. The best way to increase PCB density is to cut the number of through-holes and to add well-placed blind and buried vias. This need led to the HDI board.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\"><img class=\\\"size-full wp-image-2703 aligncenter\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/hdi-pcb.webp\\\" alt=\\\"hdi pcb\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"450\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"609\\\" data-end=\\\"626\\\">IPC definition<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"627\\\" data-end=\\\"681\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.electronics.org\\\/TOC\\\/IPC-2226A.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\\\">IPC-2226<\\\/a> gives a clear rule for blind and buried vias:<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"682\\\" data-end=\\\"1035\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"682\\\" data-end=\\\"734\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"684\\\" data-end=\\\"734\\\">Via or buried via diameter \\u2264 0.15 mm (0.00591 in).<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"735\\\" data-end=\\\"781\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"737\\\" data-end=\\\"781\\\">Annular ring diameter \\u2264 0.35 mm (0.0138 in).<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"782\\\" data-end=\\\"1035\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"784\\\" data-end=\\\"1035\\\">These vias can be made by laser or mechanical drilling, or by dry\\\/wet etching, or by pattern transfer. Then a conductive plating covers the hole.<br \\\/>Note: If the hole diameter is &gt; 0.15 mm (0.00591 in), treat it as a through-hole under the same standard.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"1037\\\" data-end=\\\"1069\\\">Common drilling sizes for HDI<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1070\\\" data-end=\\\"1183\\\">Common via sizes for HDI are 3\\u20135 mil. Designers most often use 4 mil as a middle value for design and production.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"1185\\\" data-end=\\\"1221\\\">Common IPC standards used for HDI<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1222\\\" data-end=\\\"1265\\\">Typical IPC standards for HDI work include:<\\\/p>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"1266\\\" data-end=\\\"1627\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"1266\\\" data-end=\\\"1351\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1269\\\" data-end=\\\"1351\\\">IPC\\\/JPCA-2315 \\u2014 Guide for high density interconnect structure and microvia design.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"1352\\\" data-end=\\\"1441\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1355\\\" data-end=\\\"1441\\\">IPC-2226 \\u2014 Design standard for high density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit boards.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"1442\\\" data-end=\\\"1545\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1445\\\" data-end=\\\"1545\\\">IPC\\\/JPCA-4104 \\u2014 Specification for dielectric material validation and performance for HDI structures.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"1546\\\" data-end=\\\"1627\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1549\\\" data-end=\\\"1627\\\">IPC-6016 \\u2014 Specification for qualification and performance for HDI structures.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"1629\\\" data-end=\\\"1632\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"1634\\\" data-end=\\\"1668\\\">HDI routing: challenges and tips<\\\/h1>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"1670\\\" data-end=\\\"1695\\\">What HDI routing means<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1696\\\" data-end=\\\"2034\\\">HDI routing means using the latest design ideas and manufacturing methods to make a denser layout without changing the circuit function. In short, HDI uses more routing layers, smaller traces, smaller vias, smaller pads, and thinner cores. This lets you fit complex and often high-speed circuits into spaces that were not possible before.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2036\\\" data-end=\\\"2381\\\">As the manufacturing methods get better, HDI routing appears in many designs. You will find HDI in motherboards, graphics cards, phones, and other devices with little space. If you do HDI right, you can shrink the board size and also cut EMI problems on the PCB. Lowering cost is a key goal for many companies. HDI routing helps reach that goal.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"2383\\\" data-end=\\\"2411\\\">HDI routing and microvias<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2412\\\" data-end=\\\"2575\\\">HDI routing is more complex than normal multi-layer routing. You might know how to design 8-layer or 16-layer PCBs. Still, HDI introduces new ideas you must learn.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\">In a normal PCB, we view the whole board as one item with many layers. In HDI, designers must think of many ultra-thin layers stacked to form one board. The main driver for HDI routing is the via technology. Vias are no longer only the plated holes drilled through the finished stack. Traditional through-holes reduce the space available for routing on each layer.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\"><img class=\\\"size-full wp-image-2702 aligncenter\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/HDI-microvias.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"414\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"2943\\\" data-end=\\\"2982\\\">Traditional vias are not fit for HDI<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2983\\\" data-end=\\\"3410\\\">In HDI routing, microvias are the key. They let many dense layers connect together. To explain, microvias look like blind or buried vias but follow a different method. Traditional vias are drilled after the layers are stacked. Microvias are laser drilled on layers before stacking. Laser-drilled microvias allow the smallest hole sizes and pad sizes between layers. This helps with <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/bga-assmebly\\\/\\\">BGA<\\\/a> fan-out layouts where pins sit in a grid.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"3412\\\" data-end=\\\"3437\\\">HDI routing strategies<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"3438\\\" data-end=\\\"3697\\\">With microvias, PCB designers can route complex networks on many layers. This method is sometimes called \\u201cany-layer HDI\\u201d or \\u201cper-layer interconnect.\\u201d Because microvias save space, both outer layers can host dense parts while most routing sits on inner layers.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"3699\\\" data-end=\\\"3739\\\">Low impedance ground planes are vital<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"3740\\\" data-end=\\\"3971\\\">When parts and traces get denser in a multilayer board, the risk of EMI and magnetic coupling rises. For HDI design you must ensure the stack has the right structure. Provide enough ground planes to give low impedance return paths.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"3973\\\" data-end=\\\"4223\\\">Place inner routing layers between ground or power layers to cut cross-coupling and crosstalk. Keep high-speed signal paths short and keep their return paths short too. Plan microvias so they limit signal paths to a small area. This reduces EMI risk.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4225\\\" data-end=\\\"4304\\\">For safety, use proper simulation tools to model the HDI PCB before production.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"4306\\\" data-end=\\\"4309\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"4311\\\" data-end=\\\"4338\\\">Main benefits of HDI PCBs<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4339\\\" data-end=\\\"4522\\\">Many people want to reduce product size. One of the best ways is to use HDI PCBs. When you need less weight and smaller size but keep function and reliability, HDI is a good solution.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4524\\\" data-end=\\\"4537\\\">Key benefits:<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"4538\\\" data-end=\\\"4961\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"4538\\\" data-end=\\\"4689\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"4540\\\" data-end=\\\"4689\\\">HDI allows pad-in-pad and blind via use. This lets parts sit close and cuts trace length. Shorter traces often mean faster and more reliable signals.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"4690\\\" data-end=\\\"4825\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"4692\\\" data-end=\\\"4825\\\">These boards can give good performance at a fair cost. HDI is an affordable choice for people who need reliable, durable electronics.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"4826\\\" data-end=\\\"4961\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"4828\\\" data-end=\\\"4961\\\">To decide if HDI fits your project, learn more about them and how to use them. Know the differences between normal PCBs and HDI PCBs.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"4963\\\" data-end=\\\"4966\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"4968\\\" data-end=\\\"4999\\\">Where HDI PCBs are used today<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5000\\\" data-end=\\\"5058\\\">Because of their benefits, HDI PCBs appear in many fields.<\\\/p>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"5060\\\" data-end=\\\"5687\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"5060\\\" data-end=\\\"5305\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5063\\\" data-end=\\\"5305\\\">Medical devices \\u2014 Many medical tools must be small. Lab gear and implants often need tiny boards. HDI helps here. A pacemaker is a good example. Many monitoring and probe tools, like endoscopes, use HDI too. In these cases, smaller is better.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"5307\\\" data-end=\\\"5431\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5310\\\" data-end=\\\"5431\\\">Automotive \\u2014 Cars use space well. Some car electronics are getting smaller. HDI helps reduce size while keeping function.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"5433\\\" data-end=\\\"5537\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5436\\\" data-end=\\\"5537\\\">Mobile devices \\u2014 Tablets and phones use HDI. This is why these devices become thinner as they evolve.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"5539\\\" data-end=\\\"5687\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5542\\\" data-end=\\\"5687\\\">Aerospace and defense \\u2014 These fields use HDI for its reliability and small size. HDI shows up more as new designs need compact and stable boards.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\">Many other fields will use more HDI in the future.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\"><img class=\\\"size-full wp-image-2704 aligncenter\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"420\\\" height=\\\"280\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"5741\\\" data-end=\\\"5744\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"5746\\\" data-end=\\\"5780\\\">What makes an HDI PCB an HDI PCB<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5781\\\" data-end=\\\"6033\\\">An HDI PCB uses blind via plating and then a second lamination step. These boards can be first level, second level, third level, and higher. Makers usually build HDI boards by lamination steps. The more lamination steps, the higher the technical level.<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"6035\\\" data-end=\\\"6248\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"6035\\\" data-end=\\\"6084\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"6037\\\" data-end=\\\"6084\\\">Basic HDI boards often use one lamination step.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"6085\\\" data-end=\\\"6138\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"6087\\\" data-end=\\\"6138\\\">Higher level HDI uses two or more lamination steps.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"6139\\\" data-end=\\\"6248\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"6141\\\" data-end=\\\"6248\\\">High-level HDI may use stacked vias, plated filled vias, laser direct drilling, and other advanced methods.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6250\\\" data-end=\\\"6314\\\">Now we explain common layer stacks and how producers build them.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"6316\\\" data-end=\\\"6319\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"6321\\\" data-end=\\\"6359\\\">Simple single-laminate HDI (example)<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6360\\\" data-end=\\\"6700\\\">A simple single-laminate HDI board can be a 6-layer board with a 1+4+1 stack. This board is simple. The inner multi-layer board has no buried vias. One lamination completes the board. The manufacturing is similar to normal multilayer single-laminate boards. But after lamination you still need laser drilling for blind vias and other steps.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"6702\\\" data-end=\\\"6705\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"6707\\\" data-end=\\\"6749\\\">Normal single-laminate HDI (common case)<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6750\\\" data-end=\\\"7221\\\">A common single-laminate HDI has a structure (1 + N + 1) where N \\u2265 2 and N is even. For example, a single-laminate 6-layer HDI uses 1+4+1. This structure is the mainstream design for single-laminate HDI. The inner multi-layer often has buried vias that require a second lamination step to finish. This single-laminate type often has blind vias and buried vias. If designers can change this type into the simple single-laminate form above, both buyer and supplier benefit.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"7223\\\" data-end=\\\"7226\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"7228\\\" data-end=\\\"7270\\\">Normal double-laminate HDI (common case)<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"7271\\\" data-end=\\\"7697\\\">A common double-laminate HDI might be an 8-layer board with a 1+1+4+1+1 stack. This stack is (1+1+N+1+1) with N \\u2265 2 and even. This is the mainstream double-laminate design in the PCB industry. The inner multi-layer has buried vias that need three lamination steps. This type often does not have staggered via stacks. If you can change buried vias from layers 3\\u20136 to layers 2\\u20137, you can reduce one lamination step and cut cost.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"7699\\\" data-end=\\\"7702\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"7704\\\" data-end=\\\"7740\\\">Another common double-laminate HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"7741\\\" data-end=\\\"8283\\\">This type also uses (1+1+N+1+1). Even though it is a double-laminate structure, the buried via sits in a different place \\u2014 between layers 2 and 7. This change can reduce lamination steps from three to two. But this design has one hard point: it can create blind vias from layers 1\\u20133. You must split those into two sets (1\\u20132 and 2\\u20133) and make the 2\\u20133 inner blind vias with via filling. Via filling adds cost and difficulty. So during design, try to avoid stacked vias and change 1\\u20133 blind vias into staggered 1\\u20132 and 2\\u20133 blind and buried vias.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"8285\\\" data-end=\\\"8288\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"8290\\\" data-end=\\\"8348\\\">Uncommon double-laminate HDI with cross-layer blind vias<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"8349\\\" data-end=\\\"8842\\\">One uncommon double-laminate HDI 6-layer board uses 1+1+2+1+1. It still uses the (1+1+N+1+1) idea with N \\u2265 2 and even. This design has cross-layer blind vias. The blind via depth grows \\u2014 a 1\\u20133 depth blind via is twice the depth of a normal 1\\u20132 blind via. Customers who choose this design have specific needs and do not want the blind via split into stacked vias. These cross-layer blind vias are hard to drill by laser. Copper deposition and plating on such deep blind vias are also difficult.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"8844\\\" data-end=\\\"8847\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"8849\\\" data-end=\\\"8898\\\">Stacked blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"8899\\\" data-end=\\\"9278\\\">There is a type where buried vias at layers 2\\u20137 need stacked blind vias above them. This is still a (1+1+N+1+1) structure. Some double-laminate HDI boards use this method. The inner multi-layer has buried vias and needs two lamination steps. The key is that the stacked via design adds difficulty. But placing buried vias at layers 2\\u20137 reduces one lamination step and saves cost.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"9280\\\" data-end=\\\"9283\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"9285\\\" data-end=\\\"9338\\\">Cross-layer blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"9339\\\" data-end=\\\"9875\\\">Another double-laminate (1+1+N+1+1) design includes cross-layer blind vias. This design is harder to make and some HDI makers lack the skill. The inner multi-layer has buried vias in layers 3\\u20136 and needs three lamination steps. The main issue is the cross-layer blind via design. If you can split the 1\\u20133 cross-layer via into 1\\u20132 and 2\\u20133 blind vias, the cost drops and the process becomes simpler. Note: this split differs from the stacked-via split explained earlier. This split uses staggered blind vias instead of stacked blind vias.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"9877\\\" data-end=\\\"9880\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"9882\\\" data-end=\\\"9897\\\">Levels of HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"9898\\\" data-end=\\\"10118\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"9898\\\" data-end=\\\"9974\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"9900\\\" data-end=\\\"9974\\\">First-level (1st order) HDI is simple. The process and control are easier.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"9975\\\" data-end=\\\"10042\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"9977\\\" data-end=\\\"10042\\\">Second-level HDI is more complex in production and manufacturing.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"10043\\\" data-end=\\\"10118\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10045\\\" data-end=\\\"10118\\\">Third-level and above follow the second-level rules but are more complex.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"10120\\\" data-end=\\\"10123\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"10125\\\" data-end=\\\"10167\\\">Differences between HDI and regular PCBs<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10168\\\" data-end=\\\"10482\\\">HDI boards are often made by lamination techniques using thin core materials. The more laminations, the higher the process level. Most HDI boards use one lamination. High-level HDI uses two or more lamination techniques and adds advanced methods such as stacked vias, plated filled vias, and laser direct drilling.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10484\\\" data-end=\\\"10746\\\">When the relative density of a PCB gets higher than an eight-layer board, making it by HDI often costs less than doing complex traditional lamination and pressing. HDI boards often have higher mechanical strength and better signal accuracy than traditional PCBs.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10748\\\" data-end=\\\"10792\\\">Other improvements of HDI over regular PCBs:<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"10793\\\" data-end=\\\"10940\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"10793\\\" data-end=\\\"10843\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10795\\\" data-end=\\\"10843\\\">Better performance for microwave and RF signals.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"10844\\\" data-end=\\\"10914\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10846\\\" data-end=\\\"10914\\\">Better resistance to radio interference and electrostatic discharge.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"10915\\\" data-end=\\\"10940\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10917\\\" data-end=\\\"10940\\\">Better heat conduction.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10942\\\" data-end=\\\"11053\\\">High-density integration (HDI) allows end products to be smaller and more standard in function and performance.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"11055\\\" data-end=\\\"11058\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"11060\\\" data-end=\\\"11100\\\">Simple advice for designers and buyers<\\\/h1>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"11101\\\" data-end=\\\"11930\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"11101\\\" data-end=\\\"11162\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11104\\\" data-end=\\\"11162\\\">Use HDI when you need smaller size and better performance.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11163\\\" data-end=\\\"11245\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11166\\\" data-end=\\\"11245\\\">Talk to your PCB supplier early. HDI needs design-for-manufacture (DFM) checks.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11246\\\" data-end=\\\"11315\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11249\\\" data-end=\\\"11315\\\">Ask for IPC-based specs. Use IPC-2226 and IPC-6016 where possible.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11316\\\" data-end=\\\"11386\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11319\\\" data-end=\\\"11386\\\">Plan stackups with enough ground planes to keep return paths short.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11387\\\" data-end=\\\"11476\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11390\\\" data-end=\\\"11476\\\">Use microvia sizes that match your PCB house capability. Common: 3\\u20135 mil, often 4 mil.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11477\\\" data-end=\\\"11569\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11480\\\" data-end=\\\"11569\\\">Try to avoid stacked vias unless necessary. Staggered blind\\\/buried vias are often easier.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11570\\\" data-end=\\\"11655\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11573\\\" data-end=\\\"11655\\\">If you choose multi-step lamination HDI, expect more process steps and inspection.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11656\\\" data-end=\\\"11744\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11659\\\" data-end=\\\"11744\\\">Use proper simulation for high-speed or RF designs to check EMI and signal integrity.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11745\\\" data-end=\\\"11832\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11748\\\" data-end=\\\"11832\\\">For BGA fan-out, microvias and pad-in-pad help reduce fan-out area and trace length.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11833\\\" data-end=\\\"11930\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11837\\\" data-end=\\\"11930\\\">For cost control, reduce the number of lamination steps when you can. Optimize via placement.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"11932\\\" data-end=\\\"11935\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"11937\\\" data-end=\\\"11954\\\">Closing summary<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"11955\\\" data-end=\\\"12546\\\">HDI boards are high density interconnect PCBs that use micro blind and buried vias. They let designers pack more traces and parts into less space. HDI routing calls for careful stackup planning, good ground planes, exact microvia use, and proper DFM checks. HDI gives clear benefits on size, signal speed, and performance. HDI appears in many fields, from medical and mobile to automotive and aerospace. The more complex the HDI level, the more advanced the process and the higher the cost. Good design and early supplier communication will help you get the right HDI board for your product.<\\\/p>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"83b8d93\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"s1ztwe2\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"gap\":\"no\",\"content_position\":\"top\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"background_color\":\"#FFFFFF00\",\"background_position\":\"bottom center\",\"background_attachment\":\"scroll\",\"background_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"background_size\":\"cover\",\"background_size_mobile\":\"cover\",\"background_overlay_background\":\"classic\",\"background_overlay_color_b\":\"rgba(255,255,255,0)\",\"background_overlay_opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"120\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"120\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"80\",\"right\":\"40\",\"bottom\":\"80\",\"left\":\"40\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"25\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"25\",\"isLinked\":false},\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"34edf50\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"7882748\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null,\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"space_between_widgets\":40,\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"a7931df\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9fc6712\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Frequently Asked Questions\",\"align\":\"center\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"4cc2d19\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"631b990\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"tab_title\":\"What are microvias, blind vias and buried vias?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Microvias are very small vias (often laser-drilled) that connect only adjacent layers. 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These via types save board space and improve routing.<\\\/p>\",\"_id\":\"9c164e4\"},{\"_id\":\"d65c929\",\"tab_title\":\"What are the main advantages of HDI PCBs?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Key benefits: higher component density, shorter signal paths (better signal integrity), smaller and lighter products, and improved routing for fine-pitch BGAs and high-speed circuits.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"0bc55ef\",\"tab_title\":\"Accordion Title\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Common applications: smartphones and mobile devices, 5G and network equipment, medical devices, aerospace, automotive electronics, and compact consumer products.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"900483d\",\"tab_title\":\"What design rules are special for HDI?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Important rules: limit microvia diameter and spacing, control dielectric thickness and impedance, plan BGA escape routes (dogbone fanouts), and avoid via-in-pad unless properly filled\\\/planarized. 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class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-c325e24 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"c325e24\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"2ce50fb","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<h2 data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"101\">What is an HDI PCB<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">An HDI board is a high density interconnect printed circuit board. It uses micro blind and buried vias. These boards have a high line density. They have inner layer traces and outer layer traces. They also use drilled holes and plated holes to link traces between layers. As electronic products get smaller and more precise, makers ask for denser PCBs. The best way to increase PCB density is to cut the number of through-holes and to add well-placed blind and buried vias. This need led to the HDI board.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2703 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb.webp\" alt=\"hdi pcb\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"626\">IPC definition<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"627\" data-end=\"681\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electronics.org\/TOC\/IPC-2226A.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">IPC-2226<\/a> gives a clear rule for blind and buried vias:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<li data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"734\">\n<p data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"734\">Via or buried via diameter \u2264 0.15 mm (0.00591 in).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"781\">\n<p data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"781\">Annular ring diameter \u2264 0.35 mm (0.0138 in).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"782\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<p data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"1035\">These vias can be made by laser or mechanical drilling, or by dry\/wet etching, or by pattern transfer. Then a conductive plating covers the hole.<br \/>Note: If the hole diameter is &gt; 0.15 mm (0.00591 in), treat it as a through-hole under the same standard.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1069\">Common drilling sizes for HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1183\">Common via sizes for HDI are 3\u20135 mil. Designers most often use 4 mil as a middle value for design and production.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1221\">Common IPC standards used for HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1222\" data-end=\"1265\">Typical IPC standards for HDI work include:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1351\">\n<p data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1351\">IPC\/JPCA-2315 \u2014 Guide for high density interconnect structure and microvia design.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1441\">\n<p data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1441\">IPC-2226 \u2014 Design standard for high density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit boards.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1545\">\n<p data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1545\">IPC\/JPCA-4104 \u2014 Specification for dielectric material validation and performance for HDI structures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1546\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<p data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1627\">IPC-6016 \u2014 Specification for qualification and performance for HDI structures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1632\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1668\">HDI routing: challenges and tips<\/h1>\n<h2 data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1695\">What HDI routing means<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"2034\">HDI routing means using the latest design ideas and manufacturing methods to make a denser layout without changing the circuit function. In short, HDI uses more routing layers, smaller traces, smaller vias, smaller pads, and thinner cores. This lets you fit complex and often high-speed circuits into spaces that were not possible before.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2381\">As the manufacturing methods get better, HDI routing appears in many designs. You will find HDI in motherboards, graphics cards, phones, and other devices with little space. If you do HDI right, you can shrink the board size and also cut EMI problems on the PCB. Lowering cost is a key goal for many companies. HDI routing helps reach that goal.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2411\">HDI routing and microvias<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2412\" data-end=\"2575\">HDI routing is more complex than normal multi-layer routing. You might know how to design 8-layer or 16-layer PCBs. Still, HDI introduces new ideas you must learn.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">In a normal PCB, we view the whole board as one item with many layers. In HDI, designers must think of many ultra-thin layers stacked to form one board. The main driver for HDI routing is the via technology. Vias are no longer only the plated holes drilled through the finished stack. Traditional through-holes reduce the space available for routing on each layer.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2702 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"2982\">Traditional vias are not fit for HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3410\">In HDI routing, microvias are the key. They let many dense layers connect together. To explain, microvias look like blind or buried vias but follow a different method. Traditional vias are drilled after the layers are stacked. Microvias are laser drilled on layers before stacking. Laser-drilled microvias allow the smallest hole sizes and pad sizes between layers. This helps with <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> fan-out layouts where pins sit in a grid.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3412\" data-end=\"3437\">HDI routing strategies<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3438\" data-end=\"3697\">With microvias, PCB designers can route complex networks on many layers. This method is sometimes called \u201cany-layer HDI\u201d or \u201cper-layer interconnect.\u201d Because microvias save space, both outer layers can host dense parts while most routing sits on inner layers.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3699\" data-end=\"3739\">Low impedance ground planes are vital<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3971\">When parts and traces get denser in a multilayer board, the risk of EMI and magnetic coupling rises. For HDI design you must ensure the stack has the right structure. Provide enough ground planes to give low impedance return paths.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3973\" data-end=\"4223\">Place inner routing layers between ground or power layers to cut cross-coupling and crosstalk. Keep high-speed signal paths short and keep their return paths short too. Plan microvias so they limit signal paths to a small area. This reduces EMI risk.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4225\" data-end=\"4304\">For safety, use proper simulation tools to model the HDI PCB before production.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4306\" data-end=\"4309\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4311\" data-end=\"4338\">Main benefits of HDI PCBs<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4339\" data-end=\"4522\">Many people want to reduce product size. One of the best ways is to use HDI PCBs. When you need less weight and smaller size but keep function and reliability, HDI is a good solution.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4524\" data-end=\"4537\">Key benefits:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4689\">\n<p data-start=\"4540\" data-end=\"4689\">HDI allows pad-in-pad and blind via use. This lets parts sit close and cuts trace length. Shorter traces often mean faster and more reliable signals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4690\" data-end=\"4825\">\n<p data-start=\"4692\" data-end=\"4825\">These boards can give good performance at a fair cost. HDI is an affordable choice for people who need reliable, durable electronics.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4826\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<p data-start=\"4828\" data-end=\"4961\">To decide if HDI fits your project, learn more about them and how to use them. Know the differences between normal PCBs and HDI PCBs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4963\" data-end=\"4966\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4968\" data-end=\"4999\">Where HDI PCBs are used today<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5000\" data-end=\"5058\">Because of their benefits, HDI PCBs appear in many fields.<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<li data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5305\">\n<p data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5305\">Medical devices \u2014 Many medical tools must be small. Lab gear and implants often need tiny boards. HDI helps here. A pacemaker is a good example. Many monitoring and probe tools, like endoscopes, use HDI too. In these cases, smaller is better.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5307\" data-end=\"5431\">\n<p data-start=\"5310\" data-end=\"5431\">Automotive \u2014 Cars use space well. Some car electronics are getting smaller. HDI helps reduce size while keeping function.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5433\" data-end=\"5537\">\n<p data-start=\"5436\" data-end=\"5537\">Mobile devices \u2014 Tablets and phones use HDI. This is why these devices become thinner as they evolve.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5539\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<p data-start=\"5542\" data-end=\"5687\">Aerospace and defense \u2014 These fields use HDI for its reliability and small size. HDI shows up more as new designs need compact and stable boards.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">Many other fields will use more HDI in the future.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2704 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"280\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5741\" data-end=\"5744\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"5746\" data-end=\"5780\">What makes an HDI PCB an HDI PCB<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5781\" data-end=\"6033\">An HDI PCB uses blind via plating and then a second lamination step. These boards can be first level, second level, third level, and higher. Makers usually build HDI boards by lamination steps. The more lamination steps, the higher the technical level.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<li data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6084\">\n<p data-start=\"6037\" data-end=\"6084\">Basic HDI boards often use one lamination step.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6085\" data-end=\"6138\">\n<p data-start=\"6087\" data-end=\"6138\">Higher level HDI uses two or more lamination steps.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6139\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<p data-start=\"6141\" data-end=\"6248\">High-level HDI may use stacked vias, plated filled vias, laser direct drilling, and other advanced methods.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6250\" data-end=\"6314\">Now we explain common layer stacks and how producers build them.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6316\" data-end=\"6319\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6321\" data-end=\"6359\">Simple single-laminate HDI (example)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6360\" data-end=\"6700\">A simple single-laminate HDI board can be a 6-layer board with a 1+4+1 stack. This board is simple. The inner multi-layer board has no buried vias. One lamination completes the board. The manufacturing is similar to normal multilayer single-laminate boards. But after lamination you still need laser drilling for blind vias and other steps.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6702\" data-end=\"6705\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6707\" data-end=\"6749\">Normal single-laminate HDI (common case)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6750\" data-end=\"7221\">A common single-laminate HDI has a structure (1 + N + 1) where N \u2265 2 and N is even. For example, a single-laminate 6-layer HDI uses 1+4+1. This structure is the mainstream design for single-laminate HDI. The inner multi-layer often has buried vias that require a second lamination step to finish. This single-laminate type often has blind vias and buried vias. If designers can change this type into the simple single-laminate form above, both buyer and supplier benefit.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7223\" data-end=\"7226\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7228\" data-end=\"7270\">Normal double-laminate HDI (common case)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7271\" data-end=\"7697\">A common double-laminate HDI might be an 8-layer board with a 1+1+4+1+1 stack. This stack is (1+1+N+1+1) with N \u2265 2 and even. This is the mainstream double-laminate design in the PCB industry. The inner multi-layer has buried vias that need three lamination steps. This type often does not have staggered via stacks. If you can change buried vias from layers 3\u20136 to layers 2\u20137, you can reduce one lamination step and cut cost.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7699\" data-end=\"7702\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7704\" data-end=\"7740\">Another common double-laminate HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7741\" data-end=\"8283\">This type also uses (1+1+N+1+1). Even though it is a double-laminate structure, the buried via sits in a different place \u2014 between layers 2 and 7. This change can reduce lamination steps from three to two. But this design has one hard point: it can create blind vias from layers 1\u20133. You must split those into two sets (1\u20132 and 2\u20133) and make the 2\u20133 inner blind vias with via filling. Via filling adds cost and difficulty. So during design, try to avoid stacked vias and change 1\u20133 blind vias into staggered 1\u20132 and 2\u20133 blind and buried vias.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8285\" data-end=\"8288\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8290\" data-end=\"8348\">Uncommon double-laminate HDI with cross-layer blind vias<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8349\" data-end=\"8842\">One uncommon double-laminate HDI 6-layer board uses 1+1+2+1+1. It still uses the (1+1+N+1+1) idea with N \u2265 2 and even. This design has cross-layer blind vias. The blind via depth grows \u2014 a 1\u20133 depth blind via is twice the depth of a normal 1\u20132 blind via. Customers who choose this design have specific needs and do not want the blind via split into stacked vias. These cross-layer blind vias are hard to drill by laser. Copper deposition and plating on such deep blind vias are also difficult.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8844\" data-end=\"8847\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8849\" data-end=\"8898\">Stacked blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8899\" data-end=\"9278\">There is a type where buried vias at layers 2\u20137 need stacked blind vias above them. This is still a (1+1+N+1+1) structure. Some double-laminate HDI boards use this method. The inner multi-layer has buried vias and needs two lamination steps. The key is that the stacked via design adds difficulty. But placing buried vias at layers 2\u20137 reduces one lamination step and saves cost.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9280\" data-end=\"9283\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9285\" data-end=\"9338\">Cross-layer blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"9339\" data-end=\"9875\">Another double-laminate (1+1+N+1+1) design includes cross-layer blind vias. This design is harder to make and some HDI makers lack the skill. The inner multi-layer has buried vias in layers 3\u20136 and needs three lamination steps. The main issue is the cross-layer blind via design. If you can split the 1\u20133 cross-layer via into 1\u20132 and 2\u20133 blind vias, the cost drops and the process becomes simpler. Note: this split differs from the stacked-via split explained earlier. This split uses staggered blind vias instead of stacked blind vias.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9877\" data-end=\"9880\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9882\" data-end=\"9897\">Levels of HDI<\/h1>\n<ul data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<li data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"9974\">\n<p data-start=\"9900\" data-end=\"9974\">First-level (1st order) HDI is simple. The process and control are easier.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9975\" data-end=\"10042\">\n<p data-start=\"9977\" data-end=\"10042\">Second-level HDI is more complex in production and manufacturing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10043\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<p data-start=\"10045\" data-end=\"10118\">Third-level and above follow the second-level rules but are more complex.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"10120\" data-end=\"10123\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"10125\" data-end=\"10167\">Differences between HDI and regular PCBs<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"10168\" data-end=\"10482\">HDI boards are often made by lamination techniques using thin core materials. The more laminations, the higher the process level. Most HDI boards use one lamination. High-level HDI uses two or more lamination techniques and adds advanced methods such as stacked vias, plated filled vias, and laser direct drilling.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10484\" data-end=\"10746\">When the relative density of a PCB gets higher than an eight-layer board, making it by HDI often costs less than doing complex traditional lamination and pressing. HDI boards often have higher mechanical strength and better signal accuracy than traditional PCBs.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10748\" data-end=\"10792\">Other improvements of HDI over regular PCBs:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<li data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10843\">\n<p data-start=\"10795\" data-end=\"10843\">Better performance for microwave and RF signals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10844\" data-end=\"10914\">\n<p data-start=\"10846\" data-end=\"10914\">Better resistance to radio interference and electrostatic discharge.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10915\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<p data-start=\"10917\" data-end=\"10940\">Better heat conduction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"10942\" data-end=\"11053\">High-density integration (HDI) allows end products to be smaller and more standard in function and performance.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"11055\" data-end=\"11058\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11060\" data-end=\"11100\">Simple advice for designers and buyers<\/h1>\n<ol data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<li data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11162\">\n<p data-start=\"11104\" data-end=\"11162\">Use HDI when you need smaller size and better performance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11163\" data-end=\"11245\">\n<p data-start=\"11166\" data-end=\"11245\">Talk to your PCB supplier early. HDI needs design-for-manufacture (DFM) checks.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11246\" data-end=\"11315\">\n<p data-start=\"11249\" data-end=\"11315\">Ask for IPC-based specs. Use IPC-2226 and IPC-6016 where possible.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11316\" data-end=\"11386\">\n<p data-start=\"11319\" data-end=\"11386\">Plan stackups with enough ground planes to keep return paths short.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11387\" data-end=\"11476\">\n<p data-start=\"11390\" data-end=\"11476\">Use microvia sizes that match your PCB house capability. Common: 3\u20135 mil, often 4 mil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11477\" data-end=\"11569\">\n<p data-start=\"11480\" data-end=\"11569\">Try to avoid stacked vias unless necessary. Staggered blind\/buried vias are often easier.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11570\" data-end=\"11655\">\n<p data-start=\"11573\" data-end=\"11655\">If you choose multi-step lamination HDI, expect more process steps and inspection.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11656\" data-end=\"11744\">\n<p data-start=\"11659\" data-end=\"11744\">Use proper simulation for high-speed or RF designs to check EMI and signal integrity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11745\" data-end=\"11832\">\n<p data-start=\"11748\" data-end=\"11832\">For BGA fan-out, microvias and pad-in-pad help reduce fan-out area and trace length.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11833\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<p data-start=\"11837\" data-end=\"11930\">For cost control, reduce the number of lamination steps when you can. Optimize via placement.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"11932\" data-end=\"11935\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11937\" data-end=\"11954\">Closing summary<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"11955\" data-end=\"12546\">HDI boards are high density interconnect PCBs that use micro blind and buried vias. They let designers pack more traces and parts into less space. HDI routing calls for careful stackup planning, good ground planes, exact microvia use, and proper DFM checks. HDI gives clear benefits on size, signal speed, and performance. HDI appears in many fields, from medical and mobile to automotive and aerospace. The more complex the HDI level, the more advanced the process and the higher the cost. Good design and early supplier communication will help you get the right HDI board for your product.<\/p>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"83b8d93"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<section class=\\\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-s1ztwe2 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\\\" data-id=\\\"s1ztwe2\\\" data-element_type=\\\"section\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-background-overlay\\\"><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\\\" data-id=\\\"7882748\\\" data-element_type=\\\"column\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"9fc6712\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Frequently Asked Questions<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"631b990\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are microvias, blind vias and buried vias?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\"><p>Microvias are very small vias (often laser-drilled) that connect only adjacent layers. Blind vias connect outer layers to inner layers; buried vias only connect inner layers. These via types save board space and improve routing.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are the main advantages of HDI PCBs?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\"><p>Key benefits: higher component density, shorter signal paths (better signal integrity), smaller and lighter products, and improved routing for fine-pitch BGAs and high-speed circuits.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Accordion Title<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\"><p>Common applications: smartphones and mobile devices, 5G and network equipment, medical devices, aerospace, automotive electronics, and compact consumer products.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What design rules are special for HDI?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\"><p>Important rules: limit microvia diameter and spacing, control dielectric thickness and impedance, plan BGA escape routes (dogbone fanouts), and avoid via-in-pad unless properly filled\\\/planarized. Follow DFM and your fabricator\\u2019s capability matrix.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Accordion Title<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\">Accordion Content<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/section>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-1915.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-1915.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"What is an HDI PCB An HDI board is a high density interconnect printed circuit board. It uses micro blind [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1915","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1915"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1915\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3330,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1915\/revisions\/3330"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}