{"id":4048,"date":"2025-10-18T07:50:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T07:50:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4048"},"modified":"2025-10-18T07:51:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T07:51:00","slug":"pcb-warpage-and-bow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcb-warpage-and-bow\/","title":{"rendered":"Deformace a prohnut\u00ed desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e deska s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCB) proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u00e1jen\u00edm p\u0159etaven\u00edm, \u010dasto se oh\u00fdb\u00e1 nebo deformuje. Pokud je probl\u00e9m z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k nadzvednut\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stek, selh\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1jec\u00edch spoj\u016f nebo k tomu, \u017ee se sou\u010d\u00e1stky postav\u00ed na konec. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek nejprve vysv\u011btluje rizika deformace desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. D\u00e1le se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami deformace. Nakonec uv\u00e1d\u00ed praktick\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak deformaci omezit nebo j\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zet. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si p\u0159ehledn\u00e9 a jednoduch\u00e9 kroky a d\u016fvody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rizika deformace desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud nen\u00ed deska plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f na automatick\u00e9 lince pro povrchovou mont\u00e1\u017e rovn\u00e1, stroj nemus\u00ed um\u00edstit d\u00edly na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Sou\u010d\u00e1stky nemus\u00ed zapadnout do otvor\u016f nebo p\u0159ist\u00e1t na SMD podlo\u017ek\u00e1ch. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k po\u0161kozen\u00ed automatick\u00e9ho osazovac\u00edho stroje. Po osazen\u00ed a p\u0159ip\u00e1jen\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f je kv\u016fli pok\u0159iven\u00e9 desce obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 \u010dist\u011b o\u0159\u00edznout v\u00fdvody. Deska se nemus\u00ed vej\u00edt do pouzdra nebo zapojit do patic. Proto mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed d\u00edlny pova\u017euj\u00ed deformace za velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Technologie povrchov\u00e9 mont\u00e1\u017ee (SMT) sm\u011b\u0159uje k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnosti, rychlosti a automatizaci. To zvy\u0161uje po\u017eadavky na rovinnost desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Plochost je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, proto\u017ee modern\u00ed stroje o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee deska bude stabiln\u00ed a p\u0159esn\u00e1 b\u011bhem osazov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e1jen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V praxi je podle norem IPC maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed povolen\u00e1 deformace pro desky se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi pro povrchovou mont\u00e1\u017e 0,75%. Pro desky bez za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro povrchovou mont\u00e1\u017e je limit 1,5%. N\u011bkter\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti stanovuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed limity, aby vyhov\u011bly po\u017eadavk\u016fm na vysokorychlostn\u00ed a vysoce p\u0159esnou mont\u00e1\u017e. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edci nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u017eaduj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed deformaci 0,5% nebo dokonce 0,3%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Co zp\u016fsobuje deformace desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>DPS se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad z m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 f\u00f3lie, prysky\u0159ice a sklen\u011bn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken. Tyto materi\u00e1ly se chovaj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u011b p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed tepla a nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Kdy\u017e jsou slisov\u00e1ny a vytvrzeny dohromady, m\u016f\u017ee zbytkov\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed zp\u016fsobit deformace. V\u00fdroba DPS nav\u00edc zahrnuje mnoho krok\u016f, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed teplo a mechanick\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Mezi tyto kroky pat\u0159\u00ed laminov\u00e1n\u00ed, vrt\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, zap\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e1jen\u00ed. V\u0161echny tyto kroky mohou zm\u011bnit tvar desky. Proto\u017ee deformace m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit mnoho faktor\u016f, je \u010dasto obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 naj\u00edt hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nerovnom\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 plocha<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Velk\u00e9 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 plochy se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro zemn\u00ed nebo v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 roviny. Pokud tyto velk\u00e9 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 plochy nejsou na desce rozlo\u017eeny rovnom\u011brn\u011b, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 absorpci a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed tepla. Kdy\u017e se deska zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a ochlazuje, \u010d\u00e1sti desky se r\u016fzn\u011b rychle rozp\u00ednaj\u00ed a smr\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed. Tato nerovnom\u011brn\u00e1 expanze vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit deformaci desky. Pokud deska dos\u00e1hne teploty skeln\u00e9ho p\u0159echodu (Tg), materi\u00e1l zm\u011bkne a m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k trval\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b tvaru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vias a vrstven\u00e9 vazby<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina modern\u00edch desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f je v\u00edcevrstv\u00e1. Vrstvy jsou spojeny <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/via-size-backdrill-high-speed-pcb-rules\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"3585\">vias<\/a>. Existuj\u00ed t\u0159i typy pr\u016fchodek: pr\u016fchoz\u00ed, zaslepen\u00e9 a zakopan\u00e9. Tam, kde pr\u016fchodky spojuj\u00ed vrstvy dohromady, omezuj\u00ed roztahov\u00e1n\u00ed a smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed desky. Toto omezen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit lok\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit ohnut\u00ed nebo deformaci cel\u00e9 desky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pcb-via.webp\" alt=\"pcb via\" class=\"wp-image-4051\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pcb-via.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pcb-via-300x120.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hmotnost desky a komponent<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159etavovac\u00ed pece \u010dasto p\u0159emis\u0165uj\u00ed desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f na \u0159et\u011bzech, kter\u00e9 desku podp\u00edraj\u00ed na okraj\u00edch. Pokud m\u00e1 deska velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky nebo je velmi velk\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee jej\u00ed vlastn\u00ed v\u00e1ha zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee se st\u0159ed prohne. Toto prohnut\u00ed vede k prohnut\u00ed nebo ohybu b\u011bhem oh\u0159evu a m\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstat i po ochlazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Reflow-Oven.webp\" alt=\"Reflow Oven\" class=\"wp-image-4053\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Reflow-Oven.webp 450w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Reflow-Oven-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Reflow-Oven-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hloubka \u0159ezu ve tvaru p\u00edsmene V a proveden\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017eek v panelech<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V-Cut je metoda odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed desek v panelu. V-Cut sni\u017euje struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed pevnost panelu. \u0158ezan\u00e9 oblasti jsou slab\u00e9 a mohou se snadn\u011bji deformovat. Hlubok\u00e9 V-\u0159ezy nebo mnoho V-\u0159ez\u016f na jednom panelu zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko deformace b\u011bhem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pcb-V-Cut.webp\" alt=\"pcb V-Cut\" class=\"wp-image-4050\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pcb-V-Cut.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pcb-V-Cut-300x206.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rozd\u00edly v materi\u00e1lu a skladov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DPS se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z jader, p\u0159eds\u00e1dek a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch f\u00f3li\u00ed. B\u011bhem laminov\u00e1n\u00ed se j\u00e1dra a f\u00f3lie zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed a mohou se deformovat. Velikost zm\u011bny z\u00e1vis\u00ed na koeficientu tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti (CTE) ka\u017ed\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 f\u00f3lie a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed materi\u00e1l FR-4 maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 hodnoty CTE. U materi\u00e1lu FR-4 se CTE v ose Z pod Tg li\u0161\u00ed od CTE nad Tg. Nad Tg prysky\u0159ice m\u011bkne a rozta\u017enost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Materi\u00e1ly s vysokou Tg se p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b a l\u00e9pe dr\u017e\u00ed tvar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 j\u00e1dra r\u016fzn\u00fd vzor m\u011bdi, tlou\u0161\u0165ku nebo materi\u00e1l, p\u0159i laminov\u00e1n\u00ed se r\u016fzn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed. Pokud jsou dv\u011b j\u00e1dra s velmi rozd\u00edln\u00fdmi CTE spojena prepregem a vytvrzena, m\u016f\u017ee deska zablokovat nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Kdy\u017e deska vychladne, tyto rozd\u00edly zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee se deska ohne sm\u011brem ke stran\u011b, kter\u00e1 se smr\u0161tila m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tepeln\u00e9 cyklov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem laminace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011bhem laminov\u00e1n\u00ed se zvy\u0161uje teplota a prepreg te\u010de, vypl\u0148uje m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 vzory a pot\u00e9 vytvrzuje. Dokud je prepreg je\u0161t\u011b m\u011bkk\u00fd, mohou se j\u00e1dra voln\u011b rozp\u00ednat. Po vytvrzen\u00ed jsou v\u0161ak vrstvy slepen\u00e9. Pokud j\u00e1dra expandovala r\u016fzn\u011b, vytvrzen\u00e1 sestava tento nesoulad udr\u017e\u00ed. Kdy\u017e deska vychladne, nesoulad v m\u00ed\u0159e smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u016fstane zachov\u00e1n a zp\u016fsob\u00ed trval\u00e9 deformace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdrobn\u00ed kroky, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed stres<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Procesn\u00ed kroky p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f zvy\u0161uj\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 i mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Tepeln\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed vznik\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159i laminov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, manipulaci a zap\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 body procesu zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed lamin\u00e1t s m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdm pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bm: Tyto lamin\u00e1ty maj\u00ed symetrickou strukturu a obvykle se p\u0159i laminov\u00e1n\u00ed nedeformuj\u00ed, ale v lisu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k teplotn\u00edm rozd\u00edl\u016fm nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d deskou. Tyto lok\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et mal\u00e1 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se projev\u00ed pozd\u011bji.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Laminace: Jedn\u00e1 se o hlavn\u00ed zdroj tepeln\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve skladb\u011b desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed vzory vrstev a mno\u017estv\u00ed prepregu. Tyto rozd\u00edly zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se h\u016f\u0159e odstra\u0148uje. B\u011bhem vrt\u00e1n\u00ed, fr\u00e9zov\u00e1n\u00ed a zap\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee nahromad\u011bn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed uvolnit a zp\u016fsobit deformaci desky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1jec\u00ed masky a legendy: Inkousty pro p\u00e1jec\u00ed masky vytvrzuj\u00ed p\u0159i teplot\u011b kolem 150 \u00b0C. Tato teplota m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Tg materi\u00e1l\u016f s n\u00edzkou a\u017e st\u0159edn\u00ed hodnotou Tg a deska je d\u00edky n\u00ed pru\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco desky le\u017e\u00ed na stojanech v peci nebo pod proudem vzduchu, mohou se oh\u00fdbat pod vlastn\u00ed vahou nebo vzduchem z pece. To p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k deformaci.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1jen\u00edm hork\u00fdm vzduchem (HASL): HASL je rychl\u00fd tepeln\u00fd proces. Typick\u00e1 teplota p\u00e1jec\u00edho hrnce je vysok\u00e1 a deska p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed z pokojov\u00e9 teploty do vysok\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ru a pot\u00e9 je omyta a ochlazena. Rychl\u00fd cyklus zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed zvy\u0161uje tepeln\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit mikrodeformace a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed deformace.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a manipulace: Desky se \u010dasto skladuj\u00ed ve svisl\u00e9 poloze na reg\u00e1lech. Pokud jsou reg\u00e1ly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 t\u011bsn\u00e9 nebo jsou desky naskl\u00e1d\u00e1ny na sebe, mohou se mechanickou silou ohnout. Tenk\u00e9 desky pod 2,0 mm jsou v\u00edce posti\u017eeny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak sn\u00ed\u017eit deformace desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny praktick\u00e9 metody pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed deformac\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b a mont\u00e1\u017ei desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed teploty a pomal\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\/chlazen\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee hlavn\u00edm zdrojem nap\u011bt\u00ed je teplota, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed teploty v peci nebo zpomalen\u00ed rychlosti oh\u0159evu a ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed v procesu p\u0159etavov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud se deska zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a ochlazuje pomaleji, je nap\u011bt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 teplotn\u00ed rozta\u017enost\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a deformace je m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1. M\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee zm\u011bna teplotn\u00edho profilu m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit kvalitu p\u00e1jen\u00ed nebo dobu cyklu, proto zkontrolujte, zda nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Pou\u017eit\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f s vysok\u00fdm obsahem Tg<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tg je teplota skeln\u00e9ho p\u0159echodu. P\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed Tg materi\u00e1l m\u011bkne a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se podobn\u00fdm kau\u010duku. Materi\u00e1ly s n\u00edzkou Tg m\u011bknou p\u0159i p\u0159etaven\u00ed rychleji a d\u00e9le. Pou\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed Tg zvy\u0161uje odolnost desky proti deformaci za tepla. Materi\u00e1ly s vysokou Tg jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zet deformac\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s teplem. Materi\u00e1ly s vysokou Tg se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v bezolovnat\u00fdch procesech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"417\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/high-tg-pcb-board.webp\" alt=\"high tg pcb board\" class=\"wp-image-4049\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/high-tg-pcb-board.webp 500w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/high-tg-pcb-board-300x250.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky desky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mnoho spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f se sna\u017e\u00ed o tenk\u00e9 a lehk\u00e9 desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Desky tenk\u00e9 1,0 mm, 0,8 mm nebo 0,6 mm jsou dnes b\u011b\u017en\u00e9. Tenk\u00e9 desky je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed udr\u017eet rovn\u00e9 p\u0159i p\u0159etavov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud to v\u00fdrobek umo\u017e\u0148uje, pou\u017eijte standardn\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ku desky 1,6 mm. Siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed desky jsou odoln\u00e9 proti ohybu a prohnut\u00ed a sni\u017euj\u00ed riziko deformace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed velikosti desek a po\u010dtu panel\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee p\u0159etavovac\u00ed pece \u010dasto podp\u00edraj\u00ed desku na okraj\u00edch, mohou se v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed desky proh\u00fdbat pod vlastn\u00ed vahou. U velk\u00fdch desek se sna\u017ete orientovat dlouhou hranu pod\u00e9l podp\u016frn\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eil pr\u016fhyb. Pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvejte tak\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b desek na panel. Zajist\u011bte, aby deska proch\u00e1zela pec\u00ed \u00fazk\u00fdm okrajem dop\u0159edu, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eilo jej\u00ed proh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Pou\u017eit\u00ed nosi\u010d\u016f nebo z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f pro p\u0159etaven\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud ostatn\u00ed metody nesta\u010d\u00ed, pou\u017eijte p\u0159etavovac\u00ed nosi\u010de nebo \u0161ablony. Nosi\u010d dr\u017e\u00ed desku plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f b\u011bhem oh\u0159evu a chlazen\u00ed v rovin\u011b. Nosi\u010d zabra\u0148uje desce v pohybu, dokud se deska neochlad\u00ed pod Tg a nez\u00edsk\u00e1 zp\u011bt svou tuhost. Pokud nesta\u010d\u00ed jednostrann\u00fd nosi\u010d, pou\u017eijte dvoud\u00edln\u00fd nosi\u010d, kter\u00fd desku upne mezi horn\u00ed a spodn\u00ed desku. Nosi\u010de stoj\u00ed pen\u00edze a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u010das na manipulaci, ale dob\u0159e sni\u017euj\u00ed deformace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Nahrazen\u00ed V-Cut trasovan\u00fdmi z\u00e1lo\u017ekami nebo \u201cmy\u0161\u00edmi kousanci\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee V-\u0159ez m\u016f\u017ee panel oslabit, zmen\u0161ete hloubku V-\u0159ez\u016f nebo pou\u017eijte pevn\u00e9 z\u00e1lo\u017eky \u010di fr\u00e9zovan\u00e9 li\u0161ty. Pevn\u00e9 z\u00e1lo\u017eky nebo vyra\u017een\u00e9 otvory udr\u017euj\u00ed vysokou pevnost panelu a sni\u017euj\u00ed riziko deformace. Pokud je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt \u0159ez V-Cut, udr\u017eujte \u0159ezy m\u011blk\u00e9 a ponechte dostate\u010dn\u00fd r\u00e1m panelu, aby desku podep\u0159el.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Pe\u010dliv\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1l\u016f a symetrie designu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vyberte z\u00e1kladn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed podobnou CTE a odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u00e1m procesu. Navrhn\u011bte m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 vzory tak, aby byly co nejsymetri\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mezi horn\u00ed a spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed a nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d vrstvami. Vyhn\u011bte se velk\u00fdm nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdm n\u00e1let\u016fm m\u011bdi na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b, zat\u00edmco druh\u00e1 strana je \u0159\u00eddk\u00e1. Pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, pou\u017eijte vnit\u0159n\u00ed rovinn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed nebo tepeln\u00e9 odleh\u010den\u00ed k vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed m\u011bdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Pou\u017eit\u00ed symetrick\u00fdch nebo promy\u0161len\u00fdch skl\u00e1dek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Symetrick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (zrcadlov\u00e9 vrstven\u00ed) sni\u017euje nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost a sni\u017euje deformace. Pokud je asymetrick\u00e9 vrstven\u00ed nutn\u00e9 z elektrick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, sna\u017ete se napl\u00e1novat po\u0159ad\u00ed vrstev tak, aby celkov\u00e1 struktura z\u016fstala vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1. Pokud se materi\u00e1ly j\u00e1dra li\u0161\u00ed, lze vrstven\u00ed a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 desky v laminovac\u00edm stohu p\u0159izp\u016fsobit tak, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eilo nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Optimalizace parametr\u016f laminace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na nastaven\u00ed laminace: teplotn\u00ed profil lisu, doba podr\u017een\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chlazen\u00ed ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte lisy, kter\u00e9 mohou \u0159\u00eddit chlazen\u00ed na konci hork\u00e9ho cyklu. Hork\u00fd lis s integrovan\u00fdm chlazen\u00edm je lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e hork\u00fd lis, kter\u00fd stoh rychle p\u0159enese do studen\u00e9ho lisu. B\u011bhem laminov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvejte tak\u00e9 symetrick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1strojov\u00fdch desek a vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f kolem stohu desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U desek, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat nestandardn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly nebo asymetrick\u00e9 struktury, vyzkou\u0161ejte asymetrick\u00e9 skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v lisu. Smyslem je um\u00edstit n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly nebo n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 desky tak, aby se vyrovnal tepeln\u00fd tok a ob\u011b strany se zah\u0159\u00edvaly a ochlazovaly stejnou rychlost\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit efekt nesouladu CTE. Stabilizaci desky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed tak\u00e9 kroky po vytvrzen\u00ed laminace nebo po vyp\u00e1len\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Vyhn\u011bte se chyb\u00e1m p\u0159i pe\u010den\u00ed a kontrolujte pr\u016fb\u011bh pe\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i zap\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1jec\u00ed masky nebo legendov\u00fdch barev neukl\u00e1dejte desky tak, aby se ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed desky pod jejich vahou oh\u00fdbaly. Dbejte na to, aby orientace desek v peci odpov\u00eddala proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu, aby v\u00edtr desky neoh\u00fdbal. P\u0159i vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hork\u00fdm vzduchem zajist\u011bte, aby byla deska polo\u017eena naplocho a p\u0159ed omyt\u00edm vodou se nechala alespo\u0148 30 sekund vychladnout, aby nedo\u0161lo k n\u00e1hl\u00e9mu ochlazen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by zp\u016fsobilo tepeln\u00fd \u0161ok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Spr\u00e1va skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a manipulace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Desky skladujte na reg\u00e1lech, kter\u00e9 je neoh\u00fdbaj\u00ed. Vyvarujte se stohov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha reg\u00e1l\u016f v mal\u00fdch prostorech, kde se desky vz\u00e1jemn\u011b tla\u010d\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 rozte\u010de mezi paletami a reg\u00e1ly, aby se desky nestla\u010dovaly a nedeformovaly vlivem plasticity. N\u011bkter\u00e9 deformace zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 skladov\u00e1n\u00edm nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi kroky rovn\u00e1n\u00ed zcela odstran\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ed odesl\u00e1n\u00edm (kone\u010dn\u00e1 planarizace)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdrobc\u016f desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159ed odesl\u00e1n\u00edm posledn\u00ed krok zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Tento krok m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mechanick\u00e9 zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo tepeln\u00e9 zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pod z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Proto\u017ee p\u00e1jec\u00ed maska a povrchov\u00e9 povlaky ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed zp\u016fsob tepeln\u00e9ho zplo\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed, pe\u010dliv\u011b kontrolujte teplotu a dobu pe\u010den\u00ed. U v\u011bt\u0161iny desek pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed desek zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00edm na teplotu t\u011bsn\u011b pod nebo bl\u00edzko Tg a pou\u017eit\u00edm z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed b\u011bhem chlazen\u00ed. U materi\u00e1l\u016f s vysokou Tg m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pot\u0159eba vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota, ale pozor na limity inkoustu a povlaku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku b\u011bhem pe\u010den\u00ed a zpomalen\u00ed doby chlazen\u00ed po upe\u010den\u00ed napom\u00e1haj\u00ed zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Tato nastaven\u00ed mus\u00ed odpov\u00eddat materi\u00e1lu desky a povlaku. Kone\u010dn\u00e9 zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit deformace, ale nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, pokud p\u0159edchoz\u00ed kroky procesu zp\u016fsobily velk\u00e9 vestav\u011bn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pozn\u00e1mky k v\u00fdrob\u011b a designu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je na desce pou\u017eit materi\u00e1l s n\u00edzkou Tg, b\u00fdv\u00e1 m\u00edra defekt\u016f v d\u016fsledku deformace vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u materi\u00e1lu s vysokou Tg. Materi\u00e1ly s vysokou Tg obvykle obsahuj\u00ed plniva a maj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed CTE ne\u017e typy s n\u00edzkou Tg. B\u011bhem n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 obvykl\u00e1 teplota zap\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00e1 150 \u00b0C v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv na desky s n\u00edzkou Tg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu se vyhn\u011bte struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed asymetrii, materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 asymetrii a nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9mu vzorov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bdi. Tyto konstruk\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko deformace. Tak\u00e9 laminov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dro na j\u00e1dro (p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 lepen\u00ed v\u00edce jader) \u010dasto vede ke slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e laminov\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho j\u00e1dra m\u011bd\u011bnou f\u00f3li\u00ed. Stohy jader se t\u0159emi a v\u00edce j\u00e1dry vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159i testech deformace vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru selh\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed struktury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deformace ovliv\u0148uje tak\u00e9 konstrukce r\u00e1mu panelu. Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fd velk\u00fd m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd r\u00e1m na okraji panelu m\u016f\u017ee zajistit, \u017ee cel\u00fd panel bude b\u011bhem laminov\u00e1n\u00ed tuh\u00fd a udr\u017e\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b. Toto nap\u011bt\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee po fr\u00e9zov\u00e1n\u00ed uvolnit a zp\u016fsobit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed deformaci jednotliv\u00fdch desek. Nespojit\u00fd r\u00e1me\u010dek s m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdmi body nebo bloky m\u00e1 tendenci uvol\u0148ovat nap\u011bt\u00ed postupn\u011b a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k men\u0161\u00edmu deformov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch desek po fr\u00e9zov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategie laminace<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dem k regulaci deformac\u00ed je laminace. Pou\u017eijte spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br lisu, nastavte spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 parametry a napl\u00e1nujte uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed stohu tak, abyste sn\u00ed\u017eili nap\u011bt\u00ed. Pro symetrick\u00e9 struktury pou\u017e\u00edvejte symetrick\u00fd stoh a symetrick\u00e9 n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 desky. Hork\u00fd lis, kter\u00fd chlad\u00ed stoh uvnit\u0159 lisu, je lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159echod na samostatn\u00fd studen\u00fd lis. Chlazen\u00ed, kdy\u017e je materi\u00e1l st\u00e1le podep\u0159en, sni\u017euje uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vede k deformaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U asymetrick\u00fdch desek, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba vyrobit, experimentujte s asymetrick\u00fdm skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1stroj\u016f a kroky po vytvrzen\u00ed. Tato metoda pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed materi\u00e1l um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd tak, aby se oba povrchy desek zah\u0159\u00edvaly nebo ochlazovaly odli\u0161n\u011b, tak\u017ee se kone\u010dn\u00e9 smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1. Po laminov\u00e1n\u00ed lze p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho vytvrzen\u00ed nebo kroku vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed a kontrolou tolerance tlou\u0161\u0165ky desky dostat d\u00edl do specifikac\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed proces\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b laminov\u00e1n\u00ed nezapome\u0148te na dal\u0161\u00ed kroky p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, jako je vytvrzov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1jec\u00ed masky, vytvrzov\u00e1n\u00ed legendy, HASL a p\u0159etaven\u00ed. Tyto kroky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt kontrolov\u00e1ny, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo rychl\u00fdm cykl\u016fm zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte vhodn\u00e9 profily pec\u00ed, v\u011bnujte v\u00edce \u010dasu oh\u0159evu a chlazen\u00ed a nechte desky odpo\u010d\u00edvat nebo chladnout na rovn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch. B\u011bhem skladov\u00e1n\u00ed se vyhn\u011bte stohov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 desky oh\u00fdb\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kone\u010dn\u00e9 zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159eprava<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ed expedic\u00ed se ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b tov\u00e1ren desky zplo\u0161t\u00ed, aby se odstranily deformace zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00edm procesem. Mechanick\u00e9 zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo tepeln\u00e9 zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pod zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm zlep\u0161uje rovinnost. U typick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f se osv\u011bd\u010duje zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i teplot\u011b 140-150 \u00b0C, proto\u017ee je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Tg mnoha standardn\u00edch desek. U desek s vysokou Tg je toto op\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 a je t\u0159eba ho opatrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it. Pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f pou\u017eijte tlak a del\u0161\u00ed dobu chlazen\u00ed. Krok zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt velk\u00fd vliv na kone\u010dnou rovinnost, kterou vid\u00ed koncov\u00fd z\u00e1kazn\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shrnut\u00ed a praktick\u00fd kontroln\u00ed seznam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Deformace je b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Vznik\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku nesouladu materi\u00e1l\u016f, tepeln\u00fdch cykl\u016f, manipulace, t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f a konstrukce panelu. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed deformace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, pou\u017eijte materi\u00e1l s vysokou Tg.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud m\u016f\u017eete, udr\u017eujte symetrick\u00e9 skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed desek.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 plochy naho\u0159e a dole.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud to v\u00fdrobek umo\u017e\u0148uje, pou\u017eijte siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed desky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zmen\u0161ete velikost panelu nebo omezte po\u010det desek na panelu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orientujte panely tak, aby dlouh\u00fd okraj byl v troub\u011b podep\u0159en.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pomal\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159etavovac\u00edch a jin\u00fdch pec\u00edch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro k\u0159ehk\u00e9 nebo velk\u00e9 desky pou\u017e\u00edvejte p\u0159etavovac\u00ed nosi\u010de nebo dvoud\u00edln\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nahra\u010fte nebo omezte hlubok\u00e9 V-v\u00fd\u0159ezy fr\u00e9zovan\u00fdmi v\u00fdstupky nebo vyra\u017een\u00fdmi otvory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optimalizujte nastaven\u00ed laminace a pokud mo\u017eno pou\u017e\u00edvejte integrovan\u00e9 lisy pro tisk za tepla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u011bhem pe\u010den\u00ed desky neukl\u00e1dejte na sebe ani je nestla\u010dujte.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159idejte z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fd krok zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed za \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho tepla a tlaku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud tyto kroky dodr\u017e\u00edte p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu a v\u00fdrob\u011b, sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edte m\u00edru deformac\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edte po\u010det p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed a chyb p\u0159i mont\u00e1\u017ei. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 deska je jin\u00e1, proto p\u0159ed plnou v\u00fdrobou prove\u010fte mal\u00e9 testy nov\u00fdch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, materi\u00e1l\u016f nebo sch\u00e9mat panel\u016f. T\u00edm se p\u0159esune riziko z hromadn\u00fdch s\u00e9ri\u00ed a udr\u017e\u00ed se vysok\u00e1 kvalita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Deformace \u0159e\u0161te ji\u017e ve f\u00e1zi n\u00e1vrhu a p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed procesu. Mal\u00e9 zm\u011bny v uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bdi, strategii panelov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo po\u0159ad\u00ed laminov\u00e1n\u00ed mohou m\u00edt velk\u00fd vliv. Pokud se deska st\u00e1le deformuje, pou\u017eijte nosi\u010de, zv\u011bt\u0161ete tlou\u0161\u0165ku nebo zm\u011b\u0148te t\u0159\u00eddu materi\u00e1lu. Spolupracujte s dodavateli desek a zvolte kombinovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup pravidel n\u00e1vrhu a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed procesu. D\u00edky tomu budou sestavy spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se n\u00e1klady na vadn\u00e9 d\u00edly a p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction When a printed circuit board (PCB) goes through reflow soldering, it often bends or warps. If the problem is 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