{"id":4666,"date":"2026-01-22T07:41:45","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T07:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4666"},"modified":"2026-01-22T07:41:50","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T07:41:50","slug":"pcb-stackup-design-from-2-to-8-layers-for-emi-control","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcb-stackup-design-from-2-to-8-layers-for-emi-control\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1vrh uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f od 2 do 8 vrstev pro kontrolu EMI"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Celkov\u011b mus\u00ed n\u00e1vrh stohov\u00e1n\u00ed dodr\u017eovat dv\u011b pravidla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva mus\u00ed m\u00edt bl\u00edzkou referen\u010dn\u00ed vrstvu. Referen\u010dn\u00ed vrstvou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdkonov\u00e1 nebo zemn\u00ed rovina.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdkonovou rovinu a zemn\u00edc\u00ed rovinu udr\u017eujte co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee. T\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1te v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vazebn\u00ed kapacitu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny p\u0159\u00edklady stohov\u00e1n\u00ed od dvouvrstv\u00fdch a\u017e po osmivrstv\u00e9 desky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Core-Principles-of-Stackup-Design.webp\" alt=\"Core Principles of Stackup Design\" class=\"wp-image-4667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Core-Principles-of-Stackup-Design.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Core-Principles-of-Stackup-Design-300x188.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Core-Principles-of-Stackup-Design-768x480.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Core-Principles-of-Stackup-Design-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Sch\u00e9mata ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed podle po\u010dtu vrstev PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 Jednovrstv\u00e9 a dvouvrstv\u00e9 skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed desek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>U dvouvrstv\u00fdch desek je po\u010det vrstev n\u00edzk\u00fd. Probl\u00e9my se stohov\u00e1n\u00edm se nevyskytuj\u00ed tak jako u v\u00edcevrstv\u00fdch desek. Kontrola vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed EMI mus\u00ed vych\u00e1zet ze sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozvr\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcb-manufacturer\/single-sided-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2625\">Jednovrstv\u00e9<\/a> a dvouvrstv\u00e9 desky maj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my s EMC. Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jsou velk\u00e9 plochy sign\u00e1lov\u00fdch smy\u010dek. Velk\u00e9 oblasti smy\u010dek nejen\u017ee zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed siln\u00e9 vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 \u010din\u00ed obvod citliv\u00fdm na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161um. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm krokem ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed EMC je zmen\u0161en\u00ed oblasti smy\u010dek kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly: Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly z hlediska EMC jsou ty, kter\u00e9 siln\u011b vyza\u0159uj\u00ed, a ty, kter\u00e9 jsou citliv\u00e9 na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161um. Sign\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 siln\u011b vyza\u0159uj\u00ed, jsou obvykle periodick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b hodiny a adresn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly n\u00edzk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Sign\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 jsou citliv\u00e9 na \u0161um, jsou obvykle analogov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednovrstv\u00e9 a dvouvrstv\u00e9 desky se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00edch analogov\u00fdch konstrukc\u00edch pod 10 kHz. Pou\u017eijte tato z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravidla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, sm\u011brujte nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ve stejn\u00e9 vrstv\u011b radi\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Sna\u017ete se, aby celkov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka tras byla co nejmen\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed a zemnic\u00ed stopy udr\u017eujte bl\u00edzko sebe. Zemn\u00ed stopu um\u00edst\u011bte vedle kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu. Zemn\u00edc\u00ed stopu um\u00edst\u011bte co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee k sign\u00e1lu. Vytvo\u0159\u00edte tak malou smy\u010dku. Mal\u00e1 plocha smy\u010dky sni\u017euje vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m m\u00f3du a sni\u017euje citlivost sign\u00e1lu na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161um. Kdy\u017e vedle sign\u00e1lu um\u00edst\u00edte zemnic\u00ed stopu, mal\u00e1 smy\u010dka bude p\u0159itahovat zp\u011btn\u00fd proud sign\u00e1lu. Sign\u00e1lov\u00fd proud pak proch\u00e1z\u00ed touto malou smy\u010dkou a ne jin\u00fdmi zemn\u00edmi cestami.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b oboustrann\u00e9 desky um\u00edst\u011bte \u0161irokou zemnic\u00ed stopu na druhou stranu desky p\u0159\u00edmo pod sign\u00e1ln\u00ed stopu. Tuto zemnic\u00ed stopu ud\u011blejte co nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed. Vznikne tak plocha smy\u010dky, kter\u00e1 se rovn\u00e1 tlou\u0161\u0165ce desky vyn\u00e1soben\u00e9 d\u00e9lkou sign\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u010cty\u0159vrstv\u00e9 deskov\u00e9 stackupy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159vrstv\u00e9 sestavy pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SIG - GND (nebo PWR) - PWR (nebo GND) - SIG<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GND - SIG (nebo PWR) - SIG (nebo PWR) - GND<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>U obou t\u011bchto stoh\u016f je potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m se standardn\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165kou desky 1,6 mm (62 mil). Rozte\u010d mezi vrstvami se zv\u011bt\u0161uje. Velk\u00e9 rozestupy zt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed kontrolu impedance, propojen\u00ed vrstev a st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na pokud je vzd\u00e1lenost mezi v\u00fdkonovou a zemnic\u00ed rovinou velk\u00e1, kles\u00e1 kapacita desky. N\u00edzk\u00e1 kapacita desky nen\u00ed dobr\u00e1 pro filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161umu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Four-Layer-Board-Stackups.webp\" alt=\"Four-Layer Board Stackups\" class=\"wp-image-4668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Four-Layer-Board-Stackups.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Four-Layer-Board-Stackups-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Four-Layer-Board-Stackups-768x427.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Four-Layer-Board-Stackups-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro prvn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (SIG - GND\/PWR - PWR\/GND - SIG)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Lid\u00e9 ji \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e je na desce mnoho \u017eeton\u016f. Toto uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed poskytuje dobrou integritu sign\u00e1lu. V\u00fdkon EMI nen\u00ed tak dobr\u00fd. EMI mus\u00edte kontrolovat pe\u010dliv\u00fdm sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edmi detaily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zemn\u00edc\u00ed rovinu um\u00edst\u011bte vedle sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 vrstvy, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 nejhust\u0161\u00ed sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pohlcovat a sni\u017eovat vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zv\u011bt\u0161ete tak\u00e9 plochu desky. Dodr\u017eujte pravidlo 20H.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro druh\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (GND - SIG\/PWR - SIG\/PWR - GND)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Lid\u00e9 ji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e je hustota \u010dip\u016f n\u00edzk\u00e1 a kdy\u017e je na plo\u0161e \u010dipu m\u00edsto pro v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 li\u0161ty. V tomto proveden\u00ed jsou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy zemn\u00edc\u00edmi rovinami a dv\u011b vnit\u0159n\u00ed vrstvy jsou sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 nebo v\u00fdkonov\u00e9. Nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ve\u010fte na sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b se \u0161irok\u00fdmi stopami. D\u00edky \u0161irok\u00fdm stop\u00e1m je impedance v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 cesty n\u00edzk\u00e1 a impedance mikrop\u00e1skov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu n\u00edzk\u00e1. Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemn\u00ed vrstvy mohou st\u00ednit vnit\u0159n\u00ed sign\u00e1ly p\u0159ed vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm. Z hlediska kontroly EMI se jedn\u00e1 o nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159vrstvou strukturu DPS, kter\u00e1 je nyn\u00ed k dispozici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Udr\u017eujte v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozestupy mezi dv\u011bma vnit\u0159n\u00edmi vrstvami sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu a v\u00fdkonov\u00fdmi vrstvami.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sm\u011bry sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi t\u011bmito vrstvami mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ortogon\u00e1ln\u00ed, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k p\u0159eslech\u016fm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kontrolujte oblast desky a dodr\u017eujte pravidlo 20H.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud mus\u00edte kontrolovat impedanci veden\u00ed, um\u00edst\u011bte stopy pe\u010dliv\u011b pod m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 ostr\u016fvky nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a uzemn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sna\u017ete se tak\u00e9 co nejv\u00edce propojit m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1pln\u011b na silov\u00e9 nebo zemn\u00edc\u00ed vrstv\u011b. T\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1te dobrou stejnosm\u011brnou a n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00ed konektivitu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u0160estivrstv\u00e9 deskov\u00e9 stackupy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>U n\u00e1vrh\u016f s vysokou hustotou \u010dip\u016f a vysokou taktovac\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed zva\u017ete \u0161estivrstv\u00e9 desky. Dv\u011b doporu\u010den\u00e9 \u0161estivrstv\u00e9 sestavy jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u017enost 1: SIG - GND - SIG - PWR - GND - SIG<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00edky tomuto sch\u00e9matu z\u00edsk\u00e1te dobrou integritu sign\u00e1lu. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstva se nach\u00e1z\u00ed vedle zemn\u00ed roviny. Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed a zemn\u00ed roviny jsou sp\u00e1rov\u00e1ny. Impedanci ka\u017ed\u00e9 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstvy m\u016f\u017eete dob\u0159e kontrolovat. Ob\u011b zemn\u00ed roviny mohou dob\u0159e absorbovat magnetick\u00fd tok. D\u00edky pln\u00fdm v\u00fdkonov\u00fdm a zemn\u00edm rovin\u00e1m m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e1 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstva dobrou zp\u011btnou cestu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Six-Layer-Board-Stackups.webp\" alt=\"Six-Layer Board Stackups\" class=\"wp-image-4670\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Six-Layer-Board-Stackups.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Six-Layer-Board-Stackups-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Six-Layer-Board-Stackups-768x431.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Six-Layer-Board-Stackups-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u017enost 2: GND - SIG - GND - PWR - SIG - GND<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato mo\u017enost se hod\u00ed pro desky, kde hustota za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1. Zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdhody prvn\u00ed mo\u017enosti. Tak\u00e9 horn\u00ed a spodn\u00ed zemn\u00ed rovina jsou souvislej\u0161\u00ed. Funguj\u00ed jako dobr\u00e9 st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pozn\u00e1mka: V\u00fdkonovou rovinu um\u00edst\u011bte ke stran\u011b, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed hlavn\u00ed stranou sou\u010d\u00e1sti. Spodn\u00ed rovina pak bude kompletn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a v\u00fdkon EMI bude lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u prvn\u00ed mo\u017enosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shrnut\u00ed pro \u0161estivrstv\u00e9 desky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzd\u00e1lenost mezi nap\u00e1jec\u00ed a zemn\u00ed rovinou mus\u00ed b\u00fdt co nejmen\u0161\u00ed. T\u00edm se dos\u00e1hne dobr\u00e9ho propojen\u00ed mezi v\u00fdkonem a zem\u00ed. Na desce o tlou\u0161\u0165ce 62 mil je vzd\u00e1lenost vrstev men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u \u010dty\u0159vrstv\u00fdch variant. P\u0159esto nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 zajistit, aby vzd\u00e1lenost mezi hlavn\u00edmi nap\u00e1jec\u00edmi a zemnic\u00edmi rovinami byla velmi mal\u00e1. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s druhou mo\u017enost\u00ed stoj\u00ed prvn\u00ed mo\u017enost m\u00e9n\u011b. Proto pro praktick\u00e9 stohov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto vol\u00edme prvn\u00ed formu. P\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu dodr\u017eujte pravidlo 20H a pravidlo zrcadlov\u00e9 vrstvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4 Osmivrstv\u00e9 desky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Osmivrstv\u00e9 desky maj\u00ed mnoho mo\u017en\u00fdch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou hor\u0161\u00ed z hlediska EMI kv\u016fli \u0161patn\u00e9 absorpci a velk\u00e9 v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 impedanci. Zde jsou pops\u00e1ny t\u0159i formy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typ A (nen\u00ed dobr\u00fd)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato forma m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed elektromagnetickou absorpci a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkonovou impedanci. Jej\u00ed po\u0159ad\u00ed vrstev je:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 1: strana sou\u010d\u00e1stky, mikrop\u00e1skov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 2: vnit\u0159n\u00ed mikrop\u00e1skov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva, dobr\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva (sm\u011br X)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pozemek<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 3: prou\u017ekov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva, dobr\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva (sm\u011br Y)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 4: sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva prou\u017ekov\u00e9ho veden\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 5: vnit\u0159n\u00ed mikrop\u00e1skov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 6: mikrop\u00e1skov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento formul\u00e1\u0159 nen\u00ed dobrou volbou, proto\u017ee neposkytuje konzistentn\u00ed odkazy pro v\u0161echny sign\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstvy. V\u00fdkonov\u00e1 impedance je vysok\u00e1 a kontrola EMI je slab\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typ B (varianta s p\u0159idan\u00fdmi referen\u010dn\u00edmi vrstvami)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o variantu t\u0159et\u00edho typu. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm referen\u010dn\u00edch vrstev se dos\u00e1hne lep\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdkonu EMI. Charakteristickou impedanci ka\u017ed\u00e9 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstvy lze dob\u0159e \u0159\u00eddit. Jedno z mo\u017en\u00fdch po\u0159ad\u00ed je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 1: strana sou\u010d\u00e1stky, mikrop\u00e1skov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva, dobr\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zem: dobr\u00e1 absorpce vln<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 2: prou\u017ekov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva, dobr\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nap\u00e1jen\u00ed: tato rovina nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a p\u016fda pod n\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed dobrou elektromagnetickou absorpci.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uzemn\u011bn\u00ed: zemn\u00ed rovina<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 3: prou\u017ekov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva, dobr\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdkon: tato v\u00fdkonov\u00e1 rovina m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkonovou impedanci.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 4: mikrop\u00e1skov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva, dobr\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typ C (osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd postup)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je nejlep\u0161\u00ed forma stohov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00edce referen\u010dn\u00edch rovin. To poskytuje velmi dobrou elektromagnetickou absorpci. Obvykl\u00e9 po\u0159ad\u00ed je:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 1: strana sou\u010d\u00e1stky, mikrop\u00e1skov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva, dobr\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zem: dobr\u00e1 absorpce vln<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 2: prou\u017ekov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva, dobr\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdkon: tato rovina v\u00fdkonu a p\u016fda pod n\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed elektromagnetickou absorpci.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uzemn\u011bn\u00ed: zemn\u00ed rovina<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 3: prou\u017ekov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva, dobr\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uzemn\u011bn\u00ed: druh\u00e1 zemn\u00ed rovina, dobr\u00e1 absorpce vln<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign\u00e1l 4: mikrop\u00e1skov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva, dobr\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstva<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Jak zvolit po\u010det vrstev a stohov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010det vrstev a formu stohov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete zvolit na z\u00e1klad\u011b mnoha faktor\u016f. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed: po\u010det sign\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed na desce, hustota sou\u010d\u00e1stek, hustota v\u00fdvod\u016f, frekvence sign\u00e1l\u016f a velikost desky. Zva\u017ete je v\u0161echny dohromady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pozn\u00e1mky k designu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pokud je sign\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed mnoho, navrhn\u011bte v\u00edce vrstev.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud je hustota komponent vysok\u00e1, zvolte v\u00edce vrstev.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud je hustota kol\u00edk\u016f vysok\u00e1, zvolte v\u00edce vrstev.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud je frekvence sign\u00e1lu vysok\u00e1, zvolte v\u00edce vrstev.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chcete-li dos\u00e1hnout dobr\u00fdch parametr\u016f EMI, sna\u017ete se zajistit, aby ka\u017ed\u00e1 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstva m\u011bla svou vlastn\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed vrstvu. Referen\u010dn\u00ed vrstvou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zem nebo nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 kontrolovat impedanci a poskytuje t\u011bsn\u00e9 zp\u011btn\u00e9 cesty. T\u011bsn\u00e9 zp\u011btn\u00e9 cesty sni\u017euj\u00ed plochu smy\u010dky. Men\u0161\u00ed plocha smy\u010dky sni\u017euje vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a citlivost na ru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Jednoduch\u00e1 pravidla, kter\u00e1 je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat p\u0159i v\u0161ech n\u00e1vrz\u00edch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 vrstv\u011b sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159a\u010fte bl\u00edzkou referen\u010dn\u00ed rovinu. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 kontrolovat impedanci a zp\u011btn\u00fd proud.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud m\u016f\u017eete, sp\u00e1rujte nap\u00e1jec\u00ed a zemnic\u00ed roviny. Udr\u017eujte mal\u00e9 rozestupy. T\u00edm se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed kapacita roviny. Vysok\u00e1 kapacita roviny sni\u017euje \u0161um.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zemn\u00edc\u00ed rovinu um\u00edst\u011bte vedle sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 vrstvy, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 hust\u00e9 sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 absorbovat a zastavit vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159eslech\u016f pou\u017eijte ortogon\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed na sousedn\u00edch sign\u00e1ln\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ve sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch pou\u017e\u00edvejte \u0161irok\u00e9 stopy, abyste udr\u017eeli n\u00edzkou impedanci nap\u00e1jec\u00ed cesty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 propojovac\u00ed li\u0161ty na nap\u00e1jec\u00ed a zemnic\u00ed rovin\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00edskat siln\u00e1 stejnosm\u011brn\u00e1 a n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159i nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed plochy desky dodr\u017eujte pravidlo 20H a m\u011bjte na pam\u011bti pravidla pro n\u00e1vrh zrcadlov\u00fdch vrstev.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U vysokorychlostn\u00edch konstrukc\u00ed nebo konstrukc\u00ed s vysokou hustotou d\u00e1vejte p\u0159ednost \u0161estivrstv\u00fdm nebo osmivrstv\u00fdm desk\u00e1m, aby ka\u017ed\u00e1 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstva mohla m\u00edt bl\u00edzkou referenci.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00ed analogov\u00e9 konstrukce mohou fungovat jedno- nebo dvouvrstv\u00e9 desky, pokud udr\u017eujete mal\u00e9 plochy smy\u010dek a zem um\u00edst\u00edte bl\u00edzko sign\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud m\u016f\u017eete, uzav\u0159ete vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 a zemn\u00ed roviny. T\u00edm se zlep\u0161\u00ed odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Volba stohov\u00e1n\u00ed je syst\u00e9mov\u00fd obchod. Pod\u00edvejte se na s\u00edt\u011b, rozlo\u017een\u00ed, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stek, po\u010det pin\u016f a frekvenci najednou. Pro lep\u0161\u00ed kontrolu EMI a sign\u00e1l\u016f dejte ka\u017ed\u00e9 sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b jasnou bl\u00edzkou referenci. Pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvejte p\u00e1rov\u00e9 roviny a mal\u00e9 rozestupy rovin. U v\u00edcevrstv\u00fdch desek pou\u017e\u00edvejte v\u00edce zemn\u00edch rovin pro nejlep\u0161\u00ed elektromagnetickou absorpci. P\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu vyva\u017eujte n\u00e1klady a v\u00fdkon. \u0158i\u010fte se v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi jednoduch\u00fdmi pravidly a zvolte uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyhovuje pot\u0159eb\u00e1m va\u0161\u00ed desky.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Core Principles of Stackup Design Overall, stackup design must follow two rules: Below are example stackups from two-layer boards 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