{"id":4688,"date":"2026-01-28T07:05:56","date_gmt":"2026-01-28T07:05:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4688"},"modified":"2026-01-28T07:05:59","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T07:05:59","slug":"make-your-pcb-more-reliable-with-vias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/make-your-pcb-more-reliable-with-vias\/","title":{"rendered":"Zvy\u0161te spolehlivost sv\u00e9 desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f pomoc\u00ed pr\u016fchodek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdrobci elektroniky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/what-considerations-to-make-multi-layer-pcbs\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4209\">v\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 desky s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji<\/a> (PCB), aby obvody zab\u00edraly m\u00e9n\u011b m\u00edsta. To jim umo\u017e\u0148uje um\u00edstit v\u00edce sou\u010d\u00e1stek na horn\u00ed stranu desky a tak\u00e9 z\u00edskat prostor pro veden\u00ed stop na vnit\u0159n\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch. Vias jsou jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak vytvo\u0159it elektrick\u00e1 spojen\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vrstvami. Vias jsou kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu desky a tak\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsob p\u00e1jen\u00ed a mohou p\u0159idat slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta. Tato slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit spolehlivost cel\u00e9 desky. Pokud v\u0161ak konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i dodr\u017euj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 pravidla n\u00e1vrhu, mohou pou\u017e\u00edt pr\u016fchodky a p\u0159esto vytvo\u0159it spolehlivou desku plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je to via?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u016fchodka je otvor v desce plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f, kter\u00fd proch\u00e1z\u00ed jednou nebo v\u00edce vrstvami. V\u00fdrobce tento otvor pokryje m\u011bd\u00ed a vytvo\u0159\u00ed tak pr\u016fchodku. Konce pr\u016fchodky se p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed k ur\u010dit\u00fdm stop\u00e1m na vrstv\u00e1ch. T\u00edm se vytvo\u0159\u00ed elektrick\u00fd kontakt mezi dv\u011bma vrstvami. Pokud pr\u016fchodka prot\u00edn\u00e1 n\u011bkolik vnit\u0159n\u00edch vrstev, mohou se tyto vnit\u0159n\u00ed vrstvy k pr\u016fchodce tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipojit, kdy\u017e to obvod pot\u0159ebuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed typy pr\u016fchodek: pr\u016fchoz\u00ed pr\u016fchodky, zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky a slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pr\u016fchodky proch\u00e1zej\u00ed celou tlou\u0161\u0165kou desky. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v horn\u00ed vrstv\u011b a kon\u010d\u00ed ve spodn\u00ed vrstv\u011b. V\u00fdrobci mohou pr\u016fchodky podle pot\u0159eby pokovit nebo nepokkovit. Pokud to obvod pot\u0159ebuje, umo\u017e\u0148uje pokoven\u00e1 pr\u016fchodka p\u0159ipojen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch vnit\u0159n\u00edch vrstev.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zapu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky prot\u00ednaj\u00ed dv\u011b nebo v\u00edce vnit\u0159n\u00edch vrstev. Nejsou viditeln\u00e9 na horn\u00ed ani spodn\u00ed stran\u011b. Kdy\u017e to obvod pot\u0159ebuje, mohou se k n\u011bmu p\u0159ipojit vrstvy, kter\u00e9 zakopan\u00e1 pr\u016fchodka p\u0159eklenuje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Slep\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v horn\u00ed nebo spodn\u00ed vrstv\u011b a kon\u010d\u00ed ve vnit\u0159n\u00ed vrstv\u011b. Cestou mohou k\u0159\u00ed\u017eit n\u011bkolik vnit\u0159n\u00edch vrstev a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby se k nim p\u0159ipojit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>DPS s vysokou hustotou propojen\u00ed (HDI) a flexibiln\u00ed DPS pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jin\u00fd typ pr\u016fchodek, tzv. mikro\u00fasek\u016f. Mikropropojky jsou velmi mal\u00e9. V\u00fdrobci je vrtaj\u00ed laserem. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 mikrovarianta obvykle proch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze jednou vrstvou. V\u00fdrobci mohou mikrodr\u00e1\u017eky skl\u00e1dat na sebe, aby fungovaly jako pr\u016fchoz\u00ed, slep\u00e9 nebo zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-a-via-is.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-a-via-is.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-a-via-is-300x175.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-a-via-is-768x447.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-a-via-is-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm velikosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u016fchodka je siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vodiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e je jej\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fchodky maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mechanickou pevnost. Vedou tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed proud a l\u00e9pe odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed teplo. Pou\u017eit\u00edm velk\u00fdch pr\u016fchodek se v\u0161ak zmen\u0161uje voln\u00e1 plocha na desce. To m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i nedostatku m\u00edsta zt\u00ed\u017eit sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011b\u017en\u00fdm praktick\u00fdm pravidlem je pou\u017eit\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikosti vrt\u00e1ku 20 milimetr\u016f, prstence 7 milimetr\u016f a maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho pom\u011bru stran 6:1. Pom\u011br stran je zde tlou\u0161\u0165ka desky d\u011blen\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011brem otvoru. Pokud se budete dr\u017eet v t\u011bchto hodnot\u00e1ch, bude se pr\u016fchodka snadn\u011bji vyr\u00e1b\u011bt a bude spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro mnoho pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tepeln\u00e9 a mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e se deska plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f b\u011bhem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1, mohou rozd\u00edly v koeficientu tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti (CTE) mezi m\u011bd\u00ed a lamin\u00e1tem vytv\u00e1\u0159et nap\u011bt\u00ed. Struktura lamin\u00e1tu v desce plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f omezuje rozta\u017enost v rovin\u011b desky, ale deska se m\u016f\u017ee v tlou\u0161\u0165ce voln\u011bji smr\u0161\u0165ovat nebo zv\u011bt\u0161ovat. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ve vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm sm\u011bru m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad lamin\u00e1t fr4 se rozp\u00edn\u00e1 nebo smr\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t rychleji ne\u017e m\u011b\u010f. Tak\u017ee poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e se deska zah\u0159eje, m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd v\u00e1lec v pr\u016fchodce poc\u00edt\u00ed velk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Pokud m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd v\u00e1lec nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00fd a pokud je deska plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f tlust\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee se deska rozp\u00ednat, a\u017e se m\u011b\u010f p\u0159etrhne. Pro 20milimetrov\u00fd vrt\u00e1k se dob\u0159e hod\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br podlo\u017eky 34 milimetr\u016f. S touto podlo\u017ekou a dobrou tlou\u0161\u0165kou hlavn\u011b je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ka desky 120 mil rozumn\u00fdm postupem pro spolehlivost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odvody p\u00e1jky a jejich \u00fa\u010dinky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Na um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fchoz\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed stejn\u011b jako na jeho velikosti. Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fchodky p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko podlo\u017eky m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit probl\u00e9my s p\u00e1jen\u00edm. Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je odv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e1jky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed p\u00e1jec\u00ed pasty na pr\u016fchodce a podlo\u017ece se p\u00e1jka kapil\u00e1rn\u00edm proudem dost\u00e1v\u00e1 z podlo\u017eky do pr\u016fchodky. P\u00e1jka proch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u016fchodkou a shroma\u017e\u010fuje se na dn\u011b. Na podlo\u017ece tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo p\u00e1jky nebo nen\u00ed p\u00e1jka v\u016fbec. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fchodka odv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u00e1jku rychleji a ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed. Spoj s p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm p\u00e1jky m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mechanicky slab\u00fd a m\u00edt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed elektrick\u00fd odpor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde jsou t\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak zastavit odkap\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1jky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich m\u016f\u017ee fungovat dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159ehrada p\u00e1jec\u00ed masky:<br>Mezi pr\u016fchodku a podlo\u017eku naneste vrstvu p\u00e1jec\u00ed masky. Maska slou\u017e\u00ed jako bari\u00e9ra a zabra\u0148uje pronik\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1jky do pr\u016fchodky. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 um\u00edstit dostate\u010dn\u011b \u0161irokou masku, budou mo\u017en\u00e1 konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i muset pr\u016fchodku posunout d\u00e1le od podlo\u017eky. Pokud je deska ji\u017e hust\u00e1 nebo pokud deska p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 pr\u016fchodku posunout.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stanov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es:<br>Pokud nem\u016f\u017eete pr\u016fchodku p\u0159esunout nebo p\u0159idat masku hr\u00e1ze, m\u016f\u017eete pr\u016fchodku um\u00edstit do stanu. Zakryt\u00ed znamen\u00e1 zakryt\u00ed pr\u016fchodky p\u00e1jec\u00ed maskou tak, aby byl vrchol pr\u016fchodky zcela ut\u011bsn\u011bn. \u00dapln\u00e9 ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fchodky m\u016f\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby do n\u00ed tekla p\u00e1jka. Zabr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 tomu, aby se pr\u016fchodka pou\u017e\u00edvala jako testovac\u00ed bod. Pokud nen\u00ed stan dokonale uzav\u0159en, mohou se do pr\u016fchodky \u010dasem dostat ne\u010distoty a zp\u016fsobit korozi m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Napln\u011bn\u00ed via:<br>P\u0159ed pokoven\u00edm m\u016f\u017eete via zcela zaplnit. V\u00fdpl\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vodiv\u00e1 nebo nevodiv\u00e1. Zcela zapln\u011bn\u00e1 pr\u016fchodka, kter\u00e1 je zcela uzav\u0159en\u00e1, poskytuje lep\u0161\u00ed bari\u00e9ru proti ne\u010distot\u00e1m. V\u00fdpl\u0148 tak\u00e9 sni\u017euje riziko zavadnut\u00ed p\u00e1jky p\u0159i mont\u00e1\u017ei. Vypln\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e pot\u0159ebujete rovn\u00fd povrch pro mont\u00e1\u017e, nap\u0159\u00edklad pod BGA, nebo kdy\u017e pot\u0159ebujete lep\u0161\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 nebo mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt jednotliv\u00e9 metody<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pokud m\u016f\u017eete pr\u016fchodku trochu posunout a na desce je m\u00edsto, pou\u017eijte p\u0159ehradu p\u00e1jec\u00ed masky. Jedn\u00e1 se o levn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 funguje u mnoha desek.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stanov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvejte, pokud m\u00e1te m\u00e1lo m\u00edsta a m\u016f\u017eete se sm\u00ed\u0159it s t\u00edm, \u017ee via nen\u00ed testovac\u00ed bod. Stanov\u00e1n\u00ed je levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pln\u011bn\u00ed, ale m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 limity pro dlouhodobou ochranu p\u0159ed vlhkost\u00ed a kontaminac\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud pot\u0159ebujete nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledek, pou\u017eijte vypln\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky. Vypln\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale poskytuj\u00ed ploch\u00fd vrchol pro mont\u00e1\u017e a zabra\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu p\u00e1jky a ne\u010distot. Pokud vyr\u00e1b\u00edte mnoho desek nebo pokud mus\u00ed deska dlouho vydr\u017eet v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, je vypl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dobrou volbou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed faktory spolehlivosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u016fchodky mohou ovlivnit i dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti konstrukce. Mohou nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u011bnit tepeln\u00e9 cesty a vytv\u00e1\u0159et m\u00edsta, kde se koncentruje nap\u011bt\u00ed. Pokud se pr\u016fchodka nach\u00e1z\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti tepeln\u00e9 \u00falevy nebo zdroje tepla, m\u011bn\u00ed se zp\u016fsob toku tepla v desce. To m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv na \u017eivotnost sou\u010d\u00e1stek a m\u016f\u017ee se zm\u011bnit zp\u016fsob chlazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zm\u011bny impedance mohou zp\u016fsobit tak\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky v bl\u00edzkosti vysokorychlostn\u00edch nebo VF tras. Pr\u016fchodka a podlo\u017eka pr\u016fchodky p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed kapacitu a induk\u010dnost. Pokud se pr\u016fchodky nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na kritick\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch, mus\u00ed konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i kontrolovat integritu sign\u00e1lu.<a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/step-by-step-hdi-pcb-blind-and-buried-via-process\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4673\"> HDI<\/a> a mikrotrubi\u010dky zde pom\u00e1haj\u00ed, proto\u017ee jsou mal\u00e9 a p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed vliv na vysokorychlostn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i konstrukci desky pro v\u00fdrobek, kter\u00fd bude vystaven mnoha tepeln\u00fdm cykl\u016fm, nebo pro v\u00fdrobek, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed proj\u00edt p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi testy spolehlivosti, napl\u00e1nujte, jak se budou pr\u016fchodky chovat v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu. Pokud m\u016f\u017eete, pou\u017eijte siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pokoven\u00ed. V konstrukc\u00edch HDI pou\u017e\u00edvejte stohovan\u00e9 nebo odstup\u0148ovan\u00e9 mikropropojky, abyste sn\u00ed\u017eili nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed jedin\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 velikosti podlo\u017eek, aby deska nep\u0159et\u011b\u017eovala m\u011b\u010f p\u0159i p\u0159etavov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo p\u0159i tepeln\u00e9m cyklov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro HDI a flexibiln\u00ed desky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Desky HDI a <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcb-manufacturer\/flexible-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1901\">flexibiln\u00ed desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f<\/a> hodn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat mikrovias. Mikrovodi\u010de jsou mal\u00e9 a maj\u00ed n\u00edzkou induk\u010dnost. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch rychlostech a hust\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 mikrovodi\u010de obvykle zasahuj\u00ed pouze do jedn\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed vrstvy. V\u00fdrobci k jejich v\u00fdrob\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed laserov\u00e9 vrt\u00e1ky. Mikrovl\u00e1kna mohou skl\u00e1dat na sebe a propojit tak n\u011bkolik vrstev na mal\u00e9 plo\u0161e. Stohovan\u00e9 mikrov\u00fdvody se p\u0159i jejich stohov\u00e1n\u00ed chovaj\u00ed jako slep\u00e9 nebo zakopan\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky a mohou pomoci udr\u017eet voln\u00fd prostor pro sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed v jin\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U ohebn\u00fdch desek m\u016f\u017ee mechanick\u00fd ohyb v bl\u00edzkosti pr\u016fchodek po\u0161kodit hlave\u0148, pokud nen\u00ed pr\u016fchodka spr\u00e1vn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bna. V ohybov\u00fdch oblastech se sna\u017ete udr\u017eet pr\u016fchodky mimo hlavn\u00ed ohybov\u00e9 linie. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte speci\u00e1ln\u00ed konstrukce pr\u016fchodek a manipulaci s materi\u00e1lem, abyste sn\u00ed\u017eili riziko prasknut\u00ed p\u0159i ohybu desky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Praktick\u00e1 pravidla a p\u0159\u00edklady<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed vrt\u00e1n\u00ed: 20 mil. To je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 minimum pro standardn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu. Men\u0161\u00ed vrt\u00e1ky vy\u017eaduj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed postupy a jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prstencov\u00fd krou\u017eek: 7 mil. To poskytuje dostatek m\u011bdi kolem otvoru pro spolehliv\u00e9 spojen\u00ed a p\u00e1jen\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pom\u011br stran: omezen\u00ed na 6:1. T\u00edm se udr\u017euje vysok\u00e1 kvalita pokoven\u00ed. Pokud je deska tlust\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e doporu\u010den\u00e1 hodnota pro velikost otvoru, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pokoven\u00ed v\u00e1lce tenk\u00e9 a m\u016f\u017ee selhat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159\u00edklad: pokud je vrt\u00e1k 20 milimetr\u016f, pou\u017eijte podlo\u017eku o pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 34 milimetr\u016f. T\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1te dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fd krou\u017eek. Pro desku o tlou\u0161\u0165ce a\u017e 120 mil je tato kombinace pou\u017eiteln\u00e1 v mnoha tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato pravidla si ponechte jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 tov\u00e1rna m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt m\u00edrn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 limity. Promluvte si s v\u00fdrobcem desek v\u010das, abyste mohli p\u0159izp\u016fsobit v\u00fdb\u011br konstrukce tomu, co dok\u00e1\u017ee spolehliv\u011b prov\u00e9st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mont\u00e1\u017e a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te stanov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo v\u00fdpl\u0148, p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Stanov\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky nemohou slou\u017eit jako sond\u00e1\u017en\u00ed body. Vypln\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, kter\u00e9 jsou pokoven\u00e9, mohou b\u00fdt st\u00e1le testovateln\u00e9, pokud se p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u011b zach\u00e1z\u00ed s v\u00fdpln\u00ed a vrchn\u00edm pokoven\u00edm. Pokud je testov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, napl\u00e1nujte testovac\u00ed podlo\u017eky, testovac\u00ed pr\u016fchodky nebo jin\u00e9 testovac\u00ed strategie, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed va\u0161emu mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edmu procesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud um\u00edst\u00edte pr\u016fchodku do bl\u00edzkosti p\u00e1jec\u00ed plo\u0161ky, po\u010d\u00edtejte s procesem p\u00e1jen\u00ed. Pokud pod velkou BGA pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te hodn\u011b pr\u016fchodek, zva\u017ete vypln\u011bn\u00ed a pokoven\u00ed pr\u016fchodek a zhotoven\u00ed BGA na rovn\u00e9m povrchu. Sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edte tak pravd\u011bpodobnost vzniku p\u00e1jec\u00edch dutin a pom\u016f\u017eete s tepeln\u00fdm \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cistota a koroze<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vias m\u016f\u017ee zachycovat flux, vlhkost a dal\u0161\u00ed ne\u010distoty. To je je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, pokud m\u00e1te stanov\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, kter\u00e9 nejsou dokonal\u00e9, nebo pokud se spol\u00e9h\u00e1te na pr\u016fchodky jako na tepeln\u00e9 cesty, kter\u00fdmi se vlhkost b\u011bhem tepeln\u00fdch cykl\u016f dost\u00e1v\u00e1 dovnit\u0159 a ven. Pokud to konstrukce pot\u0159ebuje, pou\u017e\u00edvejte po mont\u00e1\u017ei kvalitn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte spolehliv\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy, kter\u00e9 odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed korozi v o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Zde pom\u00e1haj\u00ed vypln\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, proto\u017ee zabra\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu ne\u010distot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>U v\u00edcevrstv\u00fdch desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f jsou nutn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed um\u00edstit v\u00edce sou\u010d\u00e1stek a sm\u011brovat slo\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. Pr\u016fchodky v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1jky a p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed mechanicky a tepeln\u011b nam\u00e1han\u00e1 m\u00edsta. Tato rizika m\u016f\u017eete sn\u00ed\u017eit pomoc\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch pravidel a spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1tku projektu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i by m\u011bli spolehlivost studovat v\u010das. Studie spolehlivosti zvy\u0161uje \u0161anci na \u00fasp\u011bch, sni\u017euje n\u00e1klady po celou dobu \u017eivotnosti v\u00fdrobku, zkracuje dobu uveden\u00ed na trh a zvy\u0161uje spokojenost z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. Pro kvalitn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh spolehlivosti pot\u0159ebujete spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 lidi, spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a dostatek \u010dasu. Napl\u00e1nujte s v\u00fdrobcem a mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed firmou typy via, velikosti, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte p\u0159ehrady p\u00e1jec\u00ed masky, stanov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vypl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fchodek tam, kde se ka\u017ed\u00e1 metoda hod\u00ed. Pokud to pom\u016f\u017ee, pou\u017eijte mikropropojky pro HDI a flex konstrukce.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electronics makers use multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) to make circuits take less space. This lets them put more parts 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