{"id":4714,"date":"2026-02-03T09:57:04","date_gmt":"2026-02-03T09:57:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4714"},"modified":"2026-02-03T09:57:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T09:57:07","slug":"acid-copper-plating-in-pcb-manufacturing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/acid-copper-plating-in-pcb-manufacturing\/","title":{"rendered":"Pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed kyselou m\u011bd\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b PCB"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed v kyselin\u011b s\u00edrov\u00e9 hraje p\u0159i galvanick\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou roli. Kvalita tohoto pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 vrstvy na desce plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Ovliv\u0148uje tak\u00e9 souvisej\u00edc\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti a m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt dopad na n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 kroky zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kontrola kvality pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed v kyselin\u011b s\u00edrov\u00e9 je proto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm krokem p\u0159i galvanick\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Mnoh\u00e9 velk\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny maj\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee s dobrou kontrolou tohoto kroku. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b mnohalet\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed v oblasti pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed a technick\u00e9ho servisu uv\u00e1d\u00edm n\u00ed\u017ee kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed. Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee to pom\u016f\u017ee odborn\u00edk\u016fm na pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed v oboru desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my p\u0159i elektrolytick\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed v kysel\u00e9m roztoku pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tyto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hrub\u00fd povrch pokoven\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 uzl\u00edky na povrchu desky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J\u00e1my na pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zb\u011blen\u00ed povrchu desky nebo nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee shrnuji dan\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a uv\u00e1d\u00edm jejich stru\u010dnou anal\u00fdzu, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hrub\u00e9 pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V roz\u00edch desky se \u010dasto objevuje nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 pokoven\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou je to zp\u016fsobeno p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fdm pokovovac\u00edm proudem. Proud m\u016f\u017eete sn\u00ed\u017eit. Pomoc\u00ed kle\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159i\u010de zkontrolujte, zda nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 hodnota proudu nen\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je cel\u00e1 deska drsn\u00e1, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se to jen z\u0159\u00eddka. Jednou jsem se s takov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem setkal u z\u00e1kazn\u00edka. Pozd\u011bji jsme zjistili, \u017ee v zim\u011b panovalo chladn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed. Obsah zjas\u0148ova\u010de (zjas\u0148ovac\u00edho \u010dinidla) byl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00fd. N\u011bkdy se tak\u00e9 st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee opraven\u00e9 desky, u nich\u017e do\u0161lo ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b rezistov\u00e9 vrstvy, nejsou dostate\u010dn\u011b vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bny. To m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit podobnou situaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jak zkontrolovat a opravit:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sni\u017ete proud a sledujte v\u00fdsledek.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zkontrolujte koncentraci zjas\u0148ova\u010de.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee jsou p\u0159epracovan\u00e9 desky p\u0159ed pokovov\u00e1n\u00edm d\u016fkladn\u011b o\u010di\u0161t\u011bny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 uzl\u00edky na povrchu desky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vznik m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch uzl\u00edk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit \u0159ada faktor\u016f. Mohou poch\u00e1zet z f\u00e1ze bezproudov\u00e9ho pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed, z cel\u00e9ho procesu p\u0159enosu vzoru nebo ze samotn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny v kroku bezproudov\u00e9ho pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 uzl\u00edky vznikl\u00e9 p\u0159i bezproudov\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed mohou poch\u00e1zet z kter\u00e9hokoli kroku tohoto procesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Odma\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed alkalick\u00fdmi roztoky v tvrd\u00e9 vod\u011b nebo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b siln\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu vrtn\u00e9ho prachu (zejm\u00e9na u oboustrann\u00fdch desek, u nich\u017e nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9mu odstran\u011bn\u00ed prysky\u0159ice) a p\u0159i nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 filtraci. To m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit drsnost povrchu desky a tak\u00e9 drsnost uvnit\u0159 otvor\u016f. Obvykle to vede k drsn\u00fdm otvor\u016fm. Lehk\u00e9 skvrnit\u00e9 ne\u010distoty na povrchu desky lze odstranit mikrolept\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Probl\u00e9my s mikrolept\u00e1n\u00edm: peroxid vod\u00edku nebo kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt nekvalitn\u00ed. Nebo m\u016f\u017ee pers\u00edran amonn\u00fd (\u010di pers\u00edran sodn\u00fd) obsahovat p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho ne\u010distot. Doporu\u010duji pou\u017e\u00edvat alespo\u0148 chemik\u00e1lie t\u0159\u00eddy CP. Chemik\u00e1lie pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 kvality \u010dasto zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed poruchy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vysok\u00fd obsah m\u011bdi v l\u00e1zni pro mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed nebo n\u00edzk\u00e1 teplota okol\u00ed mohou zp\u016fsobit pomal\u00e9 tvo\u0159en\u00ed krystal\u016f s\u00edranu m\u011b\u010fnat\u00e9ho v l\u00e1zni. Probl\u00e9my zp\u016fsobuje tak\u00e9 zakalen\u00e1 nebo zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e1 kapalina.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Roughness-inside-holes.webp\" alt=\"Roughness inside holes\" class=\"wp-image-4718\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Roughness-inside-holes.webp 500w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Roughness-inside-holes-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Roughness-inside-holes-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Roughness-inside-holes-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Probl\u00e9my s aktiva\u010dn\u00edm roztokem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Probl\u00e9my s aktiva\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed jsou \u010dasto zp\u016fsobeny zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm nebo nedostate\u010dnou \u00fadr\u017ebou. Nap\u0159\u00edklad filtra\u010dn\u00ed \u010derpadlo nas\u00e1v\u00e1 vzduch, specifick\u00e1 hmotnost l\u00e1zn\u011b je n\u00edzk\u00e1 nebo je vysok\u00fd obsah m\u011bdi. Pokud se aktiva\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho (nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u00e9le ne\u017e t\u0159i roky), mohou se v n\u00ed tvo\u0159it \u010d\u00e1stice nebo koloidy. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice se mohou ulp\u00edvat na povrchu desky nebo na st\u011bn\u00e1ch otvor\u016f. K tomuto jevu doch\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dasto u hrub\u00fdch otvor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odlu\u010dovac\u00ed nebo urychlovac\u00ed l\u00e1zn\u011b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se l\u00e1zn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho a zakal\u00ed se, m\u016f\u017ee to zp\u016fsobit probl\u00e9my. Mnoho modern\u00edch odbarvovac\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f obsahuje sm\u011bsi kyseliny fluoroborit\u00e9. Ty mohou naru\u0161it sklen\u011bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna v <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/fr-4-pcb-guide-properties-limits-material-choices\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4641\">FR-4<\/a>. T\u00edm se v l\u00e1zni zvy\u0161uje obsah k\u0159emi\u010ditan\u016f a v\u00e1pn\u00edku. N\u00e1r\u016fst obsahu m\u011bdi a rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho c\u00ednu m\u016f\u017ee rovn\u011b\u017e zp\u016fsobit vznik m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch uzl\u00edk\u016f na povrchu desek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Samotn\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e pro bezproudovou galvanizaci m\u011bdi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V n\u00e1dr\u017ei m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 intenzivn\u00edmu pohybu. M\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchem m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zv\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed prachu. V l\u00e1zni m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed suspendovan\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. Pro vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017eete upravit parametry procesu, doplnit nebo vym\u011bnit vzduchov\u00e9 filtra\u010dn\u00ed vlo\u017eky, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b prov\u00e9st filtraci cel\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po bezproudov\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed neskladujte desky p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho v l\u00e1zni se z\u0159ed\u011bnou kyselinou. Udr\u017eujte tuto n\u00e1dr\u017e v \u010distot\u011b. Pokud je roztok zakalen\u00fd, v\u010das jej vym\u011b\u0148te. Pokud desku pokrytou bezproudovou m\u011bd\u00ed nech\u00e1te v l\u00e1zni p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho, dojde k jej\u00ed oxidaci. K oxidaci m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt i v kysel\u00e9m roztoku. Oxidov\u00e1 vrstva se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b odstra\u0148uje a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke vzniku m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch uzl\u00edk\u016f na povrchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S v\u00fdjimkou povrchov\u00e9 oxidace se m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 uzl\u00edky vznikl\u00e9 p\u0159i bezproudov\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed \u010dasto rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozprost\u00edraj\u00ed po desce. Jejich rozlo\u017een\u00ed je pravideln\u00e9. Ne\u010distoty, kter\u00e9 je zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e jsou vodiv\u00e9, \u010di nikoli \u2013 mohou v\u00e9st ke vzniku m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch uzl\u00edk\u016f na fin\u00e1ln\u00ed pokoven\u00e9 desce. P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny pou\u017eijte mal\u00e9 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed desky a postupujte krok za krokem, abyste zjistili p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu. U s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 desky s touto vadou m\u016f\u017eete zkusit uzl\u00edky odstranit jemn\u00fdm kart\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm m\u011bkk\u00fdm kart\u00e1\u010dem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Krok p\u0159enosu vzoru<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Probl\u00e9my s p\u0159enosem vzoru mohou rovn\u011b\u017e zp\u016fsobit vznik uzl\u00edk\u016f. Pokud po vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fstane zbytkov\u00e1 fotolepidla (i velmi tenk\u00fd film fotolepidla m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pokoven a n\u00e1sledn\u011b zakryt), pokud je \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed po vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 nebo pokud desky po p\u0159enosu vzoru le\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k oxidaci povrchu desky v r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e. Situace se zhor\u0161uje, pokud je \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed po p\u0159enosu nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 nebo pokud je skladovac\u00ed prostor vystaven siln\u00e9mu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm je zlep\u0161it oplach vodou, zorganizovat v\u00fdrobn\u00ed pl\u00e1n tak, aby desky ne\u010dekaly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho, a pos\u00edlit odma\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed kyselinou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Samotn\u00e1 kysel\u00e1 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 l\u00e1ze\u0148 a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vzniku uzl\u00edk\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Obvykle p\u0159ed\u00faprava v l\u00e1zni s kyselou m\u011bd\u00ed nezp\u016fsobuje tvorbu uzl\u00edk\u016f, proto\u017ee nevodiv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nevyrovnan\u00e9 pokoven\u00ed nebo d\u016flky. Probl\u00e9my s m\u011bd\u011bnou l\u00e1zn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedou k tvorb\u011b uzl\u00edk\u016f, lze v\u0161ak rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika kategori\u00ed: udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed parametr\u016f l\u00e1zn\u011b, v\u00fdrobn\u00ed provoz, materi\u00e1ly a \u00fadr\u017eba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00dadr\u017eba parametr\u016f vany:<\/strong> p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fd obsah kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00fd obsah m\u011bdi, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e1 nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 teplota l\u00e1zn\u011b. Zejm\u00e9na v z\u00e1vodech bez \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 regulace teploty a chlazen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rozsahu proudov\u00e9 hustoty. P\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m provozu to m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k tvorb\u011b m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku v l\u00e1zni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00fdrobn\u00ed provoz:<\/strong> P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou lok\u00e1ln\u011b vysok\u00e9ho proudu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9ho proudu, nevhodn\u00e9 up\u00ednac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravky nebo svorky, otev\u0159en\u00e9 up\u00ednac\u00ed body, desky spadl\u00e9 do n\u00e1dr\u017ee, kter\u00e9 se dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed anod a rozpou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed se. To vede k tvorb\u011b m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku, kter\u00fd pad\u00e1 do l\u00e1zn\u011b a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed uzl\u00edky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Materi\u00e1ly:<\/strong> Probl\u00e9my s anodami z fosforov\u00e9 m\u011bdi a nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed fosforu mohou zp\u016fsobit pot\u00ed\u017ee.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00dadr\u017eba proces\u016f:<\/strong> P\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch \u00fadr\u017ebov\u00fdch prac\u00ed mohou do n\u00e1dr\u017ee spadnout m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edsky nebo ne\u010distoty. Mnoho tov\u00e1ren ne\u010dist\u00ed anody a anodov\u00e9 vaky dostate\u010dn\u011b. To s sebou nese skryt\u00e1 rizika. P\u0159i rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch \u00fakonech d\u016fkladn\u011b o\u010dist\u011bte povrch anody a prove\u010fte mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed peroxidem vod\u00edku, aby se odkryla \u010derstv\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f. Anodov\u00e9 vaky nejprve namo\u010dte do roztoku kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9 a peroxidu vod\u00edku, pot\u00e9 do alkalick\u00e9ho roztoku a d\u016fkladn\u011b je omyjte. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte filtra\u010dn\u00ed vaky z PP s velikost\u00ed p\u00f3r\u016f 5\u201310 mikron\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00edsta s nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm pokoven\u00edm (bodov\u00e9 mezery v pokoven\u00ed)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K vzniku d\u016flk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st \u0159ada krok\u016f. Mezi tyto kroky pat\u0159\u00ed bezproudov\u00e9 pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed, p\u0159enos vzoru, p\u0159ed\u00faprava p\u0159ed pokovov\u00e1n\u00edm, pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed a pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00ednem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Point-like-Missed-Plating.webp\" alt=\"Point-like Missed Plating\" class=\"wp-image-4717\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Point-like-Missed-Plating.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Point-like-Missed-Plating-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Point-like-Missed-Plating-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Point-like-Missed-Plating-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina bezproudov\u00e9ho pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed:<\/strong> Pokud se ko\u0161e nebo stojany pro bezproudov\u00e9 pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b ne\u010dist\u00ed, mohou z nich na povrch desky kapat l\u00e1zn\u011b pro mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 palladiem nebo m\u011bd\u00ed. T\u00edm vznikaj\u00ed m\u00edsta zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Po pokoven\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed se tato m\u00edsta prom\u011bn\u00ed v lok\u00e1ln\u00ed nedostatky v pokoven\u00ed nebo d\u016flky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny p\u0159enosu vzoru:<\/strong> K vzniku d\u016flk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st \u0159ada probl\u00e9m\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch se stroji a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm. Mezi p\u0159\u00edklady pat\u0159\u00ed: v\u00e1lce kart\u00e1\u010dovac\u00edch stroj\u016f nebo sac\u00ed ty\u010de zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 prysky\u0159ic\u00ed, su\u0161i\u010dky nebo vzduchov\u00e9 no\u017ee s olejem \u010di prachem uvnit\u0159, nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed prachu p\u0159ed laminac\u00ed nebo p\u0159ed s\u00edtotiskem, nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u00fdvojce, \u0161patn\u00e9 opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed vodou po vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed, zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed desky silikonov\u00fdm odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010dem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P\u0159ed\u00faprava p\u0159ed pokovov\u00e1n\u00edm:<\/strong> A\u0165 u\u017e jde o odma\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed kyselinou, mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed nebo p\u0159edpono\u0159en\u00ed, hlavn\u00edmi slo\u017ekami jsou kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1. P\u0159i vysok\u00e9 tvrdosti vody se l\u00e1ze\u0148 zakal\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee zne\u010distit povrch desky. Rovn\u011b\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee rozpustit nekvalitn\u00ed izolace dr\u017e\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e1 se pak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v n\u00e1dr\u017ei a zne\u010dist\u00ed l\u00e1ze\u0148. Nevodiv\u00e9 mikro\u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 ulp\u00edvaj\u00ed na povrchu desek, zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed nevyrovnan\u00e9 pokoven\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017enosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny koroze v n\u00e1dr\u017ei na m\u011b\u010fnou kyselinu:<\/strong> Nespr\u00e1vn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 vzduchov\u00e9 trysky zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 provzdu\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Filtra\u010dn\u00ed \u010derpadla mohou prosakovat nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edvodn\u00ed otvor v bl\u00edzkosti trysek, co\u017e vede k vn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed drobn\u00fdch vzduchov\u00fdch bublin. Tyto bubliny se mohou ulp\u00edvat na povrchu desky nebo na okraj\u00edch lini\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na na bo\u010dn\u00edch okraj\u00edch \u010di v roz\u00edch lini\u00ed. Pou\u017eit\u00ed nekvalitn\u00edch bavln\u011bn\u00fdch knot\u016f nebo jader, kter\u00e1 nejsou \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b o\u0161et\u0159ena, m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed l\u00e1zn\u011b. B\u011bhem v\u00fdroby jsou bavln\u011bn\u00e1 j\u00e1dra n\u011bkdy o\u0161et\u0159ena antistatick\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 l\u00e1zni zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f zvy\u0161te provzdu\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u010das odstra\u0148ujte povrchovou p\u011bnu. P\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm namo\u010dte bavln\u011bn\u00e1 j\u00e1dra do kysel\u00e9 a alkalick\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b, abyste je vy\u010distili.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zb\u011blen\u00ed desky nebo nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zb\u011blen\u00ed desky nebo nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeny probl\u00e9my s vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00edm zjas\u0148ova\u010d\u016f v m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 l\u00e1zni, siln\u00fdm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm organick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysokou teplotou l\u00e1zn\u011b. Kysel\u00e9 odma\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle nezp\u016fsobuje probl\u00e9my s prom\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm. Pokud je v\u0161ak pH vody kysel\u00e9 a obsah organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek vysok\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed recyklovan\u00e9 prom\u00fdvac\u00ed vody, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prom\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00e9. To vede k nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9mu mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bno p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentraci, obsah m\u011bdi v l\u00e1zni m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vysok\u00fd a teplota l\u00e1zn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1. To v\u0161e zp\u016fsobuje nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed. \u0160patn\u00e1 kvalita oplachov\u00e9 vody, dlouh\u00e1 doba oplachov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kyseliny p\u0159ed pono\u0159en\u00edm mohou zp\u016fsobit m\u00edrnou oxidaci na povrchu desky. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 l\u00e1ze\u0148 je kysel\u00e1 a desky jsou p\u0159i vstupu do l\u00e1zn\u011b pod nap\u011bt\u00edm, je oxid obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 odstranit. To vede k nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9mu zbarven\u00ed desky. Pokud se deska dotkne anodov\u00e9ho s\u00e1\u010dku, mohou takov\u00e9 vady zp\u016fsobit tak\u00e9 nerovnom\u011brn\u00e1 vodivost anody nebo pasivace anody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"337\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-electroplating-production-line.webp\" alt=\"PCB electroplating production line\" class=\"wp-image-4716\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-electroplating-production-line.webp 337w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-electroplating-production-line-169x300.webp 169w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-electroplating-production-line-7x12.webp 7w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stru\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ehled praktick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a kontroln\u00ed seznam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Udr\u017eujte proud p\u0159i pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed v po\u017eadovan\u00e9m rozmez\u00ed. Zkontrolujte to pomoc\u00ed m\u011b\u0159idel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Udr\u017eujte koncentrace zjas\u0148ova\u010de a p\u0159\u00edsad v r\u00e1mci specifikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Udr\u017eujte teplotu vody ve van\u011b na konstantn\u00ed \u00farovni. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby pou\u017eijte regul\u00e1tor teploty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dbejte na kvalitu vody a d\u00e9lku oplachov\u00e1n\u00ed. Po ka\u017ed\u00e9m kroku prove\u010fte d\u016fkladn\u00e9 opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prov\u00e1d\u011bjte \u00fadr\u017ebu filtra\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a vzduchov\u00fdch filtr\u016f. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby vym\u011b\u0148te filtra\u010dn\u00ed vlo\u017eky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anody a anodov\u00e9 vaky pravideln\u011b \u010dist\u011bte. Dodr\u017eujte spr\u00e1vn\u00fd postup p\u0159i myt\u00ed a nam\u00e1\u010den\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edvejte chemik\u00e1lie odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed kvality (p\u0159ednostn\u011b t\u0159\u00eddy CP). Pokud z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na \u010distot\u011b, vyh\u00fdbejte se pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm chemik\u00e1li\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed kvality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyhn\u011bte se dlouhodob\u00e9mu skladov\u00e1n\u00ed desek po bezproudov\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed. Udr\u017eujte n\u00e1dr\u017ee v \u010distot\u011b a vym\u011b\u0148ujte zakalen\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Udr\u017eujte up\u00ednac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravky a stojany v dobr\u00e9m stavu. Dbejte na to, aby svorky nebyly uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 a aby nebyly odkryt\u00e9 kontaktn\u00ed body.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zabra\u0148te vniknut\u00ed prachu a oleje do l\u00e1zn\u00ed. Vy\u010dist\u011bte stroje a vzduchov\u00e9 no\u017ee.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny z\u00e1vad pou\u017eijte testovac\u00ed desky a postupn\u00e9 kontroly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud se objev\u00ed vada, prove\u010fte nejprve lok\u00e1ln\u00ed zkou\u0161ky, jako je jemn\u00e9 kart\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, a pot\u00e9 upravte v\u00fdrobn\u00ed postup a \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sulfuric acid copper plating plays a very important role in PCB electroplating. The quality of acid copper plating directly affects [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4715,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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