{"id":4741,"date":"2026-03-02T09:17:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T09:17:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4741"},"modified":"2026-03-02T09:17:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T09:17:46","slug":"why-do-pcbs-have-open-circuits-how-to-improve-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/why-do-pcbs-have-open-circuits-how-to-improve-them\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d maj\u00ed desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f otev\u0159en\u00e9 obvody? Jak je zlep\u0161it?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Otev\u0159en\u00e9 a zkratov\u00e9 obvody ve stop\u00e1ch DPS jsou probl\u00e9my, se kter\u00fdmi se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdrobce DPS setk\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd den. Tyto probl\u00e9my zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed pracovn\u00edky v\u00fdroby a kvality. Jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nedodan\u00fdch objem\u016f dod\u00e1vek, dodate\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed, zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed dod\u00e1vek a st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se o t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v oboru. M\u00e1m v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 let pracovn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed v oboru. <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcb-manufacturer\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1898\">V\u00fdroba desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f<\/a> pr\u016fmysl. Pracoval jsem p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v oblasti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdroby, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kvality, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed proces\u016f a kontroly n\u00e1klad\u016f. Z\u00edskal jsem ur\u010dit\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s opravou otev\u0159en\u00fdch a zkratov\u00fdch obvod\u016f na desk\u00e1ch plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Nyn\u00ed je sepisuji jako shrnut\u00ed pro kolegy k diskusi. Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee to pracovn\u00edci v\u00fdroby a kvality mohou pou\u017e\u00edt jako referenci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Klasifikace hlavn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din otev\u0159en\u00fdch obvod\u016f na desk\u00e1ch plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve rozd\u011bl\u00edme hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny rozpojen\u00fdch obvod\u016f na desk\u00e1ch plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch oblast\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00edme p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a zp\u016fsoby zlep\u0161en\u00ed podle jednotliv\u00fdch kategori\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Otev\u0159en\u00e9 obvody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 obna\u017een\u00fdm z\u00e1kladn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem (po\u0161kr\u00e1ban\u00e1 f\u00f3lie)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lamin\u00e1t s m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdm pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bm (CCL) m\u00e1 \u0161kr\u00e1bance ji\u017e p\u0159ed uskladn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed CCL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i vrt\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed CCL vrt\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CCL se p\u0159i p\u0159eprav\u011b po\u0161kr\u00e1be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po elektrolytick\u00e9m m\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed se p\u0159i stohov\u00e1n\u00ed desek vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 prom\u00e1\u010dkliny f\u00f3lie z d\u016fvodu \u0161patn\u00e9 manipulace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu desek horizont\u00e1ln\u00edm strojem k po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Open-circuits-caused-by-exposed-base-material.webp\" alt=\"Open circuits caused by exposed base material\" class=\"wp-image-4743\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Open-circuits-caused-by-exposed-base-material.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Open-circuits-caused-by-exposed-base-material-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Open-circuits-caused-by-exposed-base-material-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 Zlep\u0161ovac\u00ed metody:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ed uskladn\u011bn\u00edm mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed CCL zkontrolov\u00e1n IQC (vstupn\u00ed kontrola kvality). Zkontrolujte povrch desky, zda nen\u00ed po\u0161kr\u00e1ban\u00fd a zda nen\u00ed obna\u017een\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed materi\u00e1l. Pokud zjist\u00edte po\u0161kozen\u00ed, kontaktujte v\u010das dodavatele a na z\u00e1klad\u011b situace prove\u010fte spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud dojde k po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed CCL b\u011bhem \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, je hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou tvrd\u00fd ostr\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt na \u0159ezac\u00edm stole. Kdy\u017e se CCL ot\u0159e o tvrd\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, dojde k po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 f\u00f3lie a obna\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu. P\u0159ed \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00edm proto \u0159ezac\u00ed st\u016fl dob\u0159e o\u010dist\u011bte. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee je st\u016fl hladk\u00fd a \u017ee na n\u011bm nez\u016fstaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 tvrd\u00e9 ostr\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud dojde k po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed CCL vrt\u00e1ky p\u0159i vrt\u00e1n\u00ed, jsou hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami opot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 kle\u0161tiny nebo ne\u010distoty uvnit\u0159 kle\u0161tiny. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 nebo opot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 up\u00ednac\u00ed pouzdro nem\u016f\u017ee vrt\u00e1k pevn\u011b dr\u017eet. Vrt\u00e1k m\u016f\u017ee sed\u011bt n\u00ed\u017ee, ne\u017e je nastaven\u00e1 d\u00e9lka, a n\u00e1stroj se p\u0159i pohybech nemus\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b zvedat. P\u0159i pohybech stroje m\u016f\u017ee hrot od\u0159\u00edt m\u011bd\u011bnou f\u00f3lii a obna\u017eit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a) Vym\u011b\u0148te kle\u0161tiny podle po\u010dtu v\u00fdm\u011bn n\u00e1stroj\u016f nebo kdy\u017e kle\u0161tina vykazuje opot\u0159eben\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) Pravideln\u011b \u010dist\u011bte kle\u0161tiny podle pracovn\u00edch pokyn\u016f, aby uvnit\u0159 nez\u016fst\u00e1valy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ne\u010distoty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Desky po\u0161kr\u00e1ban\u00e9 p\u0159i p\u0159eprav\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a) P\u0159i p\u0159em\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed desek mohou pracovn\u00edci zvedat p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho desek najednou nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1klad p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd. Pak prkna sp\u00ed\u0161e t\u00e1hnou, ne\u017e aby je zvedali. Rohy desek a jejich povrch se od\u0159ou a po\u0161kr\u00e1bou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) Pokud nejsou desky \u00fahledn\u011b naskl\u00e1dan\u00e9, mohou do nich lid\u00e9 p\u0159i odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed siln\u011b strkat, aby je srovnali. To zp\u016fsobuje t\u0159en\u00ed mezi deskami a \u0161kr\u00e1bance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po elektrolytick\u00e9m m\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed nebo celoplo\u0161n\u00e9m galvanick\u00e9m pokoven\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed desek p\u0159i jejich ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed z d\u016fvodu nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 manipulace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e jsou desky po galvanick\u00e9m pokoven\u00ed m\u011bd\u00ed nebo po celoplo\u0161n\u00e9m galvanick\u00e9m pokoven\u00ed naskl\u00e1d\u00e1ny na sebe, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed mnoho desek dohromady hmotnost. P\u0159i pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed stohu mohou rohy desek dopadat dol\u016f a vlivem gravitace a rychlosti vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed siln\u00fd n\u00e1raz na povrch desek. T\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu a odhalen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdrobn\u00ed desky se p\u0159i pr\u016fjezdu horizont\u00e1ln\u00edm strojem po\u0161kr\u00e1bou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a) Dorazov\u00e1 deska brusky nebo brusky se m\u016f\u017ee dot\u00fdkat povrchu desky. Okraj desky m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nerovn\u00fd a mohou na n\u011bm b\u00fdt ostr\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty. P\u0159i pr\u016fjezdu deskou se povrch po\u0161kr\u00e1be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) Hnac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel z nerezov\u00e9 oceli se m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit a vytvo\u0159it ostr\u00fd hrot. P\u0159i pr\u016fchodu deskou tento hrot po\u0161kr\u00e1be m\u011b\u010f a obna\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souhrnn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u0161kr\u00e1bance, kter\u00e9 odhaluj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed materi\u00e1l po elektrolytick\u00e9m m\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, lze na stop\u00e1ch sn\u00e1ze nal\u00e9zt, pokud se projevuj\u00ed jako otev\u0159en\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry nebo mezery. Pokud v\u0161ak k po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed dojde p\u0159ed elektrolytick\u00fdm m\u011bd\u011bn\u00edm, m\u016f\u017ee se p\u0159es po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed nan\u00e1\u0161et m\u011b\u010f. M\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 f\u00f3lie na stop\u011b bude v tomto m\u00edst\u011b mnohem ten\u010d\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji p\u0159i testech s otev\u0159en\u00fdmi\/zkratov\u00fdmi stopami je to t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 naj\u00edt. Kdy\u017e z\u00e1kazn\u00edk desku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee vysok\u00fd proud sp\u00e1lit stopu a zp\u016fsobit otev\u0159en\u00ed. Skryt\u00e9 riziko kvality a ekonomick\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta mohou b\u00fdt velk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Otev\u0159en\u00e9 obvody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm pokoven\u00edm otvor\u016f (bez pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i elektrolytick\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bdi nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed otvor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Olej ponechan\u00fd v otvorech nezp\u016fsobuje jejich pokoven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nadm\u011brn\u00fd mikrolept nezp\u016fsobuje pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160patn\u00e9 pokoven\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se d\u00edry nepokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vrt\u00e1k vypaluje otvory nebo prach blokuje otvory a nezp\u016fsobuje pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 Opat\u0159en\u00ed ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i elektrolytick\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bdi nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed otvor\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a) Probl\u00e9m s kondicion\u00e9rem otvoru: Pokud je chemick\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha kondicion\u00e9ru otvoru \u0161patn\u00e1 nebo je roztok \u0161patn\u00fd, elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti st\u011bn otvoru se nem\u011bn\u00ed podle pot\u0159eby. Kondicion\u00e9r otvoru m\u00e1 upravit elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti izola\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1ze na st\u011bn\u011b otvoru tak, aby se palladiov\u00e9 ionty dob\u0159e adsorbovaly a elektrolytick\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f se mohla pln\u011b pokr\u00fdt. Pokud je koncentrace kondicion\u00e9ru d\u00edry nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 nebo vypr\u0161ela jeho platnost, nem\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k pokoven\u00ed d\u00edry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) Aktiv\u00e1tor: Hlavn\u00ed slo\u017eky aktiv\u00e1toru zahrnuj\u00ed palladium (Pd), organick\u00e9 kyseliny, c\u00ednat\u00e9 ionty a chloridy. Aby se palladium rovnom\u011brn\u011b ukl\u00e1dalo na st\u011bnu otvoru, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kontrolov\u00e1no mnoho parametr\u016f. Pro n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edklad aktiv\u00e1toru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>i) Udr\u017eujte teplotu 35-44 \u00b0C. Pokud je teplota p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e1, hustota palladia na st\u011bn\u011b otvoru je n\u00edzk\u00e1 a elektrolytick\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f se pln\u011b nepokryje. Pokud je teplota p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, reakce prob\u00edhaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle a n\u00e1klady na materi\u00e1l rostou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ii) Udr\u017eujte koncentraci (m\u011b\u0159enou barvou nebo silou) na \u00farovni 80%-100%. Pokud je koncentrace n\u00edzk\u00e1, hustota palladia je n\u00edzk\u00e1 a elektrolytick\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f se pln\u011b nepokryje. Je-li koncentrace vysok\u00e1, reakce je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e1 a n\u00e1klady na materi\u00e1l rostou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>iii) B\u011bhem v\u00fdroby udr\u017eujte roztok aktiv\u00e1toru. Pokud je siln\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd, palladium na st\u011bn\u011b otvoru nebude hust\u00e9 a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektrolytick\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f se pln\u011b nepokryje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c) Urychlova\u010d: Urychlova\u010d obsahuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm organick\u00e9 kyseliny. Jeho \u00fakolem je odstranit adsorbovan\u00e9 slou\u010deniny c\u00ednat\u00fdch a chloridov\u00fdch slou\u010denin ze st\u011bny otvoru, aby byl katalytick\u00fd kov palladium vystaven pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm reakc\u00edm. U na\u0161eho urychlova\u010de udr\u017eujte koncentraci chemik\u00e1li\u00ed na 0,35-0,50 N. Pokud je koncentrace p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k odstran\u011bn\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho palladia a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektrolytick\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f se pln\u011b nepokryje. Pokud je koncentrace p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e1, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nedostate\u010dn\u00e9mu odstran\u011bn\u00ed c\u00ednat\u00fdch a chloridov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektrolytick\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f se pln\u011b nepokryje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d) Kl\u00ed\u010dem k dobr\u00e9mu pokryt\u00ed otvor\u016f je kontrola parametr\u016f elektrolytick\u00e9 m\u011bdi. Pomoc\u00ed parametr\u016f l\u00e1zn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>i) Udr\u017eujte teplotu 25-32 \u00b0C. Pokud je teplota n\u00edzk\u00e1, aktivita l\u00e1zn\u011b je slab\u00e1 a nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011br. Pokud teplota p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed 38 \u00b0C, reakce je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e1, m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 ionty se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle a na povrchu panelu se objevuj\u00ed m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice. To zp\u016fsobuje p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zmetky. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b l\u00e1ze\u0148 s elektrolytickou m\u011bd\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159efiltrujte, jinak m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k jej\u00edmu pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ii) Kontroln\u00ed Cu2+ v koncentraci 1,5-3,0 g\/l. Pokud je Cu2+ n\u00edzk\u00e1, aktivita l\u00e1zn\u011b je slab\u00e1 a pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011br je \u0161patn\u00e9. Pokud je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 3,5 g\/l, reakce je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e1 a na povrchu panel\u016f se tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice m\u011bdi, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zmetky. Pak l\u00e1ze\u0148 okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159efiltrujte. Kontrola Cu2+ se prov\u00e1d\u00ed hlavn\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm roztoku elektrolytick\u00e9 m\u011bdi A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>iii) Kontroln\u00ed NaOH 10,5-13,0 g\/l. Pokud je NaOH m\u00e1lo, aktivita l\u00e1zn\u011b je slab\u00e1 a pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011br je \u0161patn\u00e9. Kontrola NaOH se prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm roztoku elektrolytick\u00e9 m\u011bdi B. Roztok B obsahuje stabiliz\u00e1tor l\u00e1zn\u011b. Obvykle se roztoky A a B p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed v pom\u011bru 1:1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>iv) Kontroln\u00ed formaldehyd (HCHO) 4,0-8,0 g\/l. Pokud je HCHO n\u00edzk\u00e1, aktivita l\u00e1zn\u011b je slab\u00e1 a pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed otvor\u016f je \u0161patn\u00e9. Pokud HCHO p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed hodnotu 8,0 g\/l, reakce je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e1 a na povrchu panelu se tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice m\u011bdi, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zmetky. Pak l\u00e1ze\u0148 okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159efiltrujte. Kontrola HCHO se prov\u00e1d\u00ed hlavn\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm roztoku elektrolytick\u00e9 m\u011bdi C. V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee roztok A obsahuje tak\u00e9 slo\u017eky HCHO. P\u0159i p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed roztoku A proto nejprve vypo\u010d\u00edtejte n\u00e1r\u016fst HCHO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>v) Udr\u017eujte zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed l\u00e1zn\u011b na \u00farovni 0,15-0,25 ft\u00b2\/L. Pokud je zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e9, aktivita l\u00e1zn\u011b je slab\u00e1 a pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f je \u0161patn\u00e9. Pokud je zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,25 ft\u00b2\/L, reakce je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e1 a vznikaj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice m\u011bdi, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zmetky. Pak l\u00e1ze\u0148 okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159efiltrujte. Ve v\u00fdrob\u011b by se m\u011bla pou\u017e\u00edvat prvn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcb-manufacturer\/heavy-copper-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2140\">m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 deska<\/a> pro aktivaci l\u00e1zn\u011b. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm desk\u00e1m dob\u0159e reagovat. Zaji\u0161\u0165uje hustou elektrolytickou m\u011b\u010f v otvorech a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pokryt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1vrh: K udr\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto parametr\u016f v rovnov\u00e1ze a stabilit\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvejte automatick\u00fd d\u00e1vkova\u010d k p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed roztok\u016f A a B do n\u00e1dr\u017ee na elektrolytickou m\u011b\u010f. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 l\u00e9pe kontrolovat chemick\u00e9 slo\u017eky. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte tak\u00e9 automatickou regulaci teploty, abyste udr\u017eeli stabiln\u00ed teplotu v lince pro elektrolytickou m\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vlhk\u00fd film nebo inkoust ponechan\u00fd v otvorech nezp\u016fsobuje pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a) P\u0159i s\u00edtotisku na mokrou f\u00f3lii vytiskn\u011bte jednu desku a pot\u00e9 se\u0161kr\u00e1bn\u011bte s\u00ed\u0165ku. T\u00edm se ujist\u00edte, \u017ee se na s\u00ed\u0165ce nehromad\u00ed inkoust. Obvykle se t\u00edm zabr\u00e1n\u00ed tomu, aby mokr\u00e1 f\u00f3lie z\u016fstala uvnit\u0159 otvor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) P\u0159i s\u00edtotisku na mokrou f\u00f3lii pou\u017eijte po\u010det ok 68-77T. Pokud pou\u017eijete \u0161patn\u00e1 oka, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u226451T, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k \u00faniku mokr\u00e9 f\u00f3lie do otvor\u016f. P\u0159i vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt otvor \u010dist\u00fd. B\u011bhem pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed se do otvoru nedostane kov a vy nez\u00edsk\u00e1te \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pokoven\u00ed otvoru. Pokud je s\u00ed\u0165ka p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mokr\u00fd film p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tenk\u00fd a b\u011bhem pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rezist proudem poru\u0161en. To vede k mnoha kovov\u00fdm te\u010dk\u00e1m nebo dokonce ke zkrat\u016fm mezi stopami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed (nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zdrsn\u011bn\u00ed) nezp\u016fsobuje pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a) Pokud se na desce p\u0159ed vzorov\u00e1n\u00edm linky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 chemick\u00e9 mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed, kontrolujte teplotu, koncentraci a \u010das roztoku. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, pokud je m\u011b\u010f v pokoven\u00fdch otvorech tenk\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee mikrolept rozpustit m\u011b\u010f a zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee nedojde k pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) Pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed spojov\u00e1n\u00ed vrstev se p\u0159i p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 chemick\u00e9 mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed. Dob\u0159e proto kontrolujte teplotu, koncentraci a \u010das mikrolept\u00e1n\u00ed. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b to m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee nedojde k pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f z d\u016fvodu probl\u00e9m\u016f s galvanick\u00fdm pokoven\u00edm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a) P\u0159i velk\u00e9m pom\u011bru stran (tlou\u0161\u0165ka k pr\u016fm\u011bru) (\u22655:1) se v otvorech mohou tvo\u0159it bubliny. Je to proto, \u017ee vibrace nesta\u010d\u00ed k tomu, aby vzduch unikl. V\u00fdm\u011bna iont\u016f nem\u016f\u017ee dob\u0159e prob\u00edhat. V otvoru pak nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k dobr\u00e9mu pokoven\u00ed m\u011bdi nebo c\u00ednu a nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k pokoven\u00ed otvoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) P\u0159i velk\u00e9m pom\u011bru stran (\u22655:1), pokud se p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ed pokoven\u00edm neodstranila oxidace na st\u011bn\u011b otvoru, vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i galvanick\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed odpor proti pokoven\u00ed. Otvor nebude dob\u0159e pokovovat m\u011b\u010f nebo c\u00edn, nebo pokoven\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f\/c\u00edn budou velmi tenk\u00e9. B\u011bhem lept\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tenk\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f v otvorech odstran\u011bna a zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee nedojde k pokoven\u00ed otvoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vrt\u00e1k vypaluje otvory nebo prach blokuje otvory a nezp\u016fsobuje pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a) Pokud nen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b nastavena \u017eivotnost vrtac\u00edho n\u00e1stroje nebo je vrt\u00e1k velmi opot\u0159ebovan\u00fd (s od\u0161t\u011bpky nebo nen\u00ed ostr\u00fd), pak t\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i vrt\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje teplo. St\u011bna otvoru se sp\u00e1l\u00ed a nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pokryta elektrolytickou m\u011bd\u00ed, tak\u017ee nedojde k pokoven\u00ed otvoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) Pokud je ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prachu slab\u00e9 nebo technika pro jeho odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed optimalizov\u00e1na, m\u016f\u017ee prach p\u0159i vrt\u00e1n\u00ed ucpat otvory. P\u0159i elektrolytick\u00e9m m\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed se do zablokovan\u00fdch otvor\u016f nedostane m\u011b\u010f a nedojde k pokoven\u00ed otvor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Open and short circuits in PCB traces are problems that almost every PCB manufacturer meets almost every day. These problems 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and short circuits in PCB traces are problems that almost every PCB manufacturer meets almost every day. These problems [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4741"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4744,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4741\/revisions\/4744"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}