{"id":4805,"date":"2026-03-12T09:17:05","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T09:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4805"},"modified":"2026-03-12T09:33:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T09:33:13","slug":"pcb-blind-and-buried-via-manufacturing-process-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcb-blind-and-buried-via-manufacturing-process-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fvodce v\u00fdrobn\u00edm procesem zaslepen\u00fdch a zasypan\u00fdch pr\u016fchodek na desk\u00e1ch plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. P\u0159ehled<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Blind vias and buried vias are mainly used for high-density boards and for boards with very small holes. The goal is to save routing space and so make the PCB smaller. A common example is mobile phone PCBs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Classification<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A) Laser drilling<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Reasons to use laser drilling<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>a. The customer asks for laser drilling.<br>b. Blind vias can be very small (&lt;= 6 MIL), so only a laser can drill them reliably.<br>c. For special blind and buried via stacks \u2014 for example, if there is a blind via from L1 to L2 and a buried via from L2 to L3 \u2014 laser drilling is required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Principle of laser drilling<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Laser drilling uses the heat from the laser to vaporize or melt the board material and make a hole. For this to work, the board material must absorb the laser energy. For that reason, RCC-type materials are commonly used because they do not contain glass fiber cloth and so do not reflect the laser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Short introduction to RCC material<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>RCC means Resin Coated Copper. It is copper foil that has a layer of special resin on the rough side of the electrolytic copper foil.<br>At our company we have three suppliers for RCC: Shengyi, Mitsui, and LG.<br>Material options: resin thickness 50, 65, 70, 75, 80 \u00b5m, copper foil thickness 12, 18 \u00b5m, etc.<br>RCC comes in high Tg and low Tg grades. Its dielectric constant is usually lower than standard FR-4. For example, Shengyi\u2019s S6018 has a dielectric constant of 3.8, so take care when you need impedance control.<br>For details about specific materials, please ask the PE (product engineering) or RD (research &amp; development) team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Tooling and tooling requirements for laser drilling<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A) It is hard for the laser to burn through copper. So before laser drilling, etch a copper clearance at the blind-via positions. The clearance should match the finished hole size.<br>B) Positioning marks for laser drilling are added on the L2 \/ L(N-1) layer. Mark this on the MI film change page.<br>C) The film for etching blind-via spots must be produced by LDI. Cut panels and tooling must use the LDI panel size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Production flow features<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A) When the total number of board layers is N, make the L2\u2013L(N-1) layers first following the normal inner-layer process.<br>B) After lamination and after routing the board outline, change the flow as follows:<br>\u2192 drill LDI registration holes \u2192 dry film \u2192 etch blind-via spots \u2192 laser drill \u2192 drill through holes \u2192 electroless copper \u2192 (normal process).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Other notes<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A) RCC materials are not UL certified in many cases. So do not add a UL mark to these boards for now.<br>B) About panel layout and MI: to avoid treating layouts that include RCC as fake-layer panels (the MI film shop makes fake-layer films differently from normal films), separate RCC from L2 or L(N-1) when drawing the panel structure. For example, see SR2711\/01 panel layout.<br>C) IPC-6016 is the HDI board standard:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Laser blind-via wall copper thickness: 0.4 mil (min).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Solder fillet requirement: tangency is allowed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If pad size is no more than 5 mil larger than hole diameter, consider adding a teardrop.<br>D) Keep board edge \u2265 0.8\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SR2711-01-panel-layout.webp\" alt=\"SR2711-01 panel layout\" class=\"wp-image-4806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SR2711-01-panel-layout.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SR2711-01-panel-layout-300x206.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SR2711-01-panel-layout-768x526.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SR2711-01-panel-layout-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B) Mechanical drilling for blind\/buried vias<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Scope of application<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>When the drill bit size is \u2265 0.20 mm, consider mechanical drilling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Plating method for blind\/buried vias (see RD notice TSFMRD-113)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A) Normally, any layer\u2019s circuit copper surface may have only one panel plating step plus one pattern plating step.<br>B) Normally, after the full lamination process finishes and the board thickness is \u2265 80 MIL, through holes require panel plating + pattern plating. Therefore, when plating blind vias, the outer layer surface must not be panel plated.<br>C) If the two items above are met, blind-via plating is done as follows:<br>I) If outer-layer trace width &gt; 6 MIL and the through-hole board thickness &lt; 80 MIL, then during blind-via plating the outer-layer panel surface may be panel plated.<br>II) If outer-layer trace width &gt; 6 MIL but through-hole board thickness &gt; 80 MIL, then during blind-via plating the outer-layer surface needs film protection.<br>III) If outer-layer trace width &lt; 6 MIL and through-hole board thickness \u2265 80 MIL, then during blind-via plating the outer-layer surface needs film protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Film (solder mask \/ dry film) methods<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When blind-via aspect ratio L\/D \u2264 0.8, apply dry film on the outer-layer surface and expose the whole panel. Then inner-layer blind-via surfaces are electroless plated as a whole panel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When blind-via aspect ratio L\/D &gt; 0.8, apply dry film on the outer-layer surface and expose only the blind-via spots. For this you must make a plating exposure spot film or use LDI exposure. Then inner-layer blind-via surfaces are electroless plated as a whole panel.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Methods for exposing blind-via spots<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For blind vias \u2264 0.4 mm (16 MIL), use LDI to expose the blind-via spots.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For blind vias &gt; 0.4 mm (16 MIL), use film to expose the blind-via spots.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Film methods for buried vias<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When the buried-via side trace width \u2264 4 MIL, the buried-via surface needs film to expose the spots.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When the buried-via side trace width &gt; 4 MIL, the buried-via surface may be panel plated directly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Notes and points to remember<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For the L\/D aspect ratio: L = dielectric thickness + copper thickness, D = blind\/buried via diameter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For blind\/buried via plating films: exposure spot diameter D_spot = D &#8211; 6 (MIL).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Add alignment marks to the exposure spot film. Their coordinates must match the outer reference holes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Blind vias that need film protection are generally plated with pulse current (AC) during electroplating.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Special requirements and process notes for blind-via boards<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Resin-filled blind vias<\/strong>:<br>When buried-via sizes are large and there are many holes, pressing the board may need a lot of resin to fill the vias. To avoid this affecting final board thickness, R&amp;D may request pre-filling the buried vias with resin before lamination. The filling method can follow the green solder mask via-fill method.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>When outer layer has blind vias<\/strong>:<br>a. During pressing the outer layer can leak resin. So after lamination add a resin removal (de-gumming) step.<br>b. Before outer-layer dry film the board surface is cleaned and there is a board polishing step. Chemical copper (electroless copper) is very thin (only 0.05\u20130.1 mil), so it may be worn away during polishing. To avoid this, add a panel plating step to thicken the copper. Typical flow: lamination \u2192 resin removal \u2192 drilling \u2192 electroless copper \u2192 panel plating \u2192 dry film \u2192 pattern plating.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>High-layer-count blind-via boards and PIN-LAM<\/strong>:<br>When making boards with many layers and blind vias, PIN-LAM lamination may be used. Note that our machines can only drill PIN-LAM holes when the core thickness is less than 30 MIL. For many cases we still use normal lamination; for example PR4726010 is made with normal lamination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Board edge<\/strong>:<br>Because there may be multiple laminations and many process holes, leave the board edge \u2265 0.8\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LOT card and panel notes<\/strong>:<br>When writing the LOT card, for sub-processes you must write the panel structure for the single sub-process and also write the main process panel structure in the special requirements. This helps later operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Where to put the blind-via dry film (inner or outer layer)<\/strong>:<br>Give examples: if the A thickness of the core is greater than 12 MIL (excluding copper thickness), then place the dry film on the outer layer. If the A thickness of the core is less than 12 MIL (excluding copper thickness), then place the dry film on the inner layer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Quick reminders and checked values<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Keep board edge \u2265 0.8\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Laser blind-via wall copper \u2265 0.4 mil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For pad vs hole size difference \u2264 5 mil, suggest teardrops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use RCC for laser drilling because RCC absorbs laser.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For blind\/buried via plating, check outer-layer trace width and overall board thickness to decide whether to panel-plate or to protect with film.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\/D = (dielectric + copper) \/ hole diameter. Use this to choose exposure and film methods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Overview Blind vias and buried vias are mainly used for high-density boards and for boards with very small holes. 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