{"id":4809,"date":"2026-03-16T09:56:36","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T09:56:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4809"},"modified":"2026-03-16T09:57:49","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T09:57:49","slug":"pcb-layer-planning-guide-for-multilayer-pcb-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcb-layer-planning-guide-for-multilayer-pcb-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fvodce pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm vrstev PCB pro v\u00edcevrstv\u00fd n\u00e1vrh PCB"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. P\u0159ehled ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu vrstev PCB<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Celkov\u00fd po\u010det vrstev DPS nen\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku pevn\u011b stanoven. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i rozhoduj\u00ed o po\u010dtu vrstev na z\u00e1klad\u011b pot\u0159eb desky. Celkov\u00fd po\u010det vrstev vych\u00e1z\u00ed z po\u010dtu sign\u00e1lov\u00fdch vrstev plus po\u010dtu nap\u00e1jec\u00edch a zemn\u00edc\u00edch rovin. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00edm desky, typy sou\u010d\u00e1stek a elektrick\u00fdmi pot\u0159ebami. Pot\u00e9 napl\u00e1nuj\u00ed, kolik sign\u00e1ln\u00edch vrstev je pot\u0159eba a kolik nap\u00e1jec\u00edch\/zemn\u00edch vrstev je pot\u0159eba. C\u00edlem pl\u00e1nu je usnadnit sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, kontrolovat kvalitu sign\u00e1lu a dodr\u017eet n\u00e1kladov\u00e9 limity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonov\u00fdch a zemn\u00edch vrstev<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

A. Jak zvolit po\u010det v\u00fdkonov\u00fdch vrstev<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010det nap\u00e1jec\u00edch rovin je d\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u011bmito body: kolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch nap\u00e1jec\u00edch li\u0161t deska pot\u0159ebuje, jak jsou tyto li\u0161ty rozd\u011bleny po desce, jak\u00fd proud mus\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e1 li\u0161ta p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et, jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdkonnostn\u00ed c\u00edle desky a cenov\u00e9 limity pro jednu desku. Po\u010det nap\u00e1jec\u00edch rovin vyb\u00edr\u00e1te tak, aby ka\u017ed\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00ed kolejnice m\u011bla vlastn\u00ed rovinu nebo dob\u0159e definovanou oblast roviny. Mus\u00edte se tak\u00e9 ujistit, \u017ee se nap\u00e1jec\u00ed roviny nep\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fd hovor nebo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00e9 roviny, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 roviny jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 dv\u011b pravidla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdkonov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b by se nem\u011bly m\u00edchat ve stejn\u00e9 rovin\u011b zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje ru\u0161en\u00ed. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, vyhn\u011bte se v\u00fdkonov\u00fdm s\u00edt\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se prol\u00ednaj\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 rovin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyhn\u011bte se veden\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159es rozd\u011blen\u00ed v sousedn\u00edch rovin\u00e1ch. Pokud sign\u00e1l mus\u00ed p\u0159ekonat rozd\u011blen\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed roviny sign\u00e1lu. T\u00edm se p\u0159eru\u0161\u00ed cesty zp\u011btn\u00e9ho proudu a po\u0161kod\u00ed se integrita sign\u00e1lu. Uspo\u0159\u00e1dejte proto stohy rovin tak, aby d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly nek\u0159\u00ed\u017eily rozd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B. Jak zvolit po\u010det podkladov\u00fdch vrstev<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed podkladov\u00fdch vrstev v\u011bnujte pozornost t\u011bmto bod\u016fm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vrstva p\u0159\u00edmo pod hlavn\u00ed stranou sou\u010d\u00e1stky by m\u011bla m\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161inou souvislou zemn\u00edc\u00ed rovinu. To napom\u00e1h\u00e1 zp\u011btn\u00e9mu proudu a sni\u017euje \u0161um pro sou\u010d\u00e1stky na horn\u00ed stran\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vysokorychlostn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly, vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a taktovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b mus\u00ed odkazovat na pevnou zemn\u00ed rovinu. Touto rovinou prot\u00e9k\u00e1 jejich zp\u011btn\u00fd proud. Pokud je rovina p\u0159eru\u0161ena, sign\u00e1ly jsou ru\u0161eny a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k EMI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 a zemn\u00ed roviny by m\u011bly b\u00fdt t\u011bsn\u011b a dob\u0159e propojeny. T\u011bsn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed sni\u017euje impedanci roviny a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 integrit\u011b nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. N\u00edzk\u00e1 impedance pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eet n\u00edzk\u00e9 zvln\u011bn\u00ed a poskytuje stabiln\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V praxi bude n\u00e1vrh s mnoha rychl\u00fdmi s\u00edt\u011bmi pot\u0159ebovat v\u00edce zemn\u00edch rovin nebo alespo\u0148 dvojici v\u00fdkonov\u00fdch a zemn\u00edch rovin bl\u00edzko sebe. T\u00edm se dos\u00e1hne lep\u0161\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed a snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed impedance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu sign\u00e1ln\u00edch vrstev<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

A. Sm\u011brovac\u00ed kan\u00e1ly a jejich v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sm\u011brovac\u00ed kan\u00e1ly \u010dasto rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, kolik sign\u00e1lov\u00fdch vrstev pot\u0159ebujete. Za\u010dn\u011bte t\u00edm, \u017ee budete hledat hlubok\u00e9 BGA nebo velk\u00e9 konektory na desce. Hloubka BGA a rozte\u010d pin\u016f BGA jsou kl\u00ed\u010dem k tomu, kolik pot\u0159ebujete \u00fanikov\u00fdch vrstev. Nap\u0159\u00edklad BGA s rozte\u010d\u00ed 1,0 mm \u010dasto umo\u017e\u0148uje dv\u011b stopy mezi dv\u011bma pr\u016fchodkami. BGA s rozte\u010d\u00ed 0,8 mm \u010dasto umo\u017e\u0148uje pouze jednu stopu mezi dv\u011bma pr\u016fchodkami. Tento rozd\u00edl m\u011bn\u00ed po\u010det trasovac\u00edch vrstev, kter\u00e9 mus\u00edte m\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud BGA umo\u017e\u0148uje dv\u011b stopy mezi dv\u011bma pr\u016fchodkami, m\u016f\u017ee \u00fanik BGA sd\u00edlet dv\u011b sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstvy. Pokud BGA umo\u017e\u0148uje pouze jednu stopu mezi dv\u011bma pr\u016fchodkami, m\u016f\u017ee \u00fanik pot\u0159ebovat a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstvy pro sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech s\u00edt\u00ed ven. P\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vrstev je tedy z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozte\u010d BGA a geometrie fanou\u0161k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konektory se li\u0161\u00ed. U konektor\u016f je hlavn\u00edm faktorem hloubka a rozte\u010d pin\u016f. Obvykle se mezi dv\u011bma konektorov\u00fdmi pr\u016fchodkami vede jeden diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e1r. Toto pravidlo v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee odhadnout, kolik kan\u00e1l\u016f pot\u0159ebujete pro oblasti konektor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B. Vysokorychlostn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a pot\u0159eby sm\u011brovac\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1le zva\u017ete vysokorychlostn\u00ed<\/a> sign\u00e1ly. Vysokorychlostn\u00ed sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduje v\u00edce podm\u00ednek. Mus\u00edte myslet na odbo\u010dky, vzd\u00e1lenost tras a referen\u010dn\u00ed roviny. Vysokorychlostn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jsou citliv\u00e9 na \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed impedance a zp\u011btn\u00fd proud. Zkontrolujte tedy, zda jsou sm\u011brovac\u00ed kan\u00e1ly pro tyto s\u00edt\u011b dostate\u010dn\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9 a voln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dete, kter\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b jsou vysokorychlostn\u00ed. P\u0159i sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed jim dejte p\u0159ednost. Vyhra\u010fte si kan\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 rozestupy a \u0159\u00edzenou impedanci. Pamatujte tak\u00e9 na diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e1ry. Diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed veden\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 d\u00e9lky a t\u011bsn\u00e9 propojen\u00ed s referenc\u00ed. U vysokorychlostn\u00edch p\u00e1r\u016f dodr\u017eujte konzistentn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost od referen\u010dn\u00ed roviny a udr\u017eujte p\u00e1ry mimo ru\u0161iv\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C. \u00dazk\u00e9 nebo z\u00fa\u017een\u00e9 oblasti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nakonec napl\u00e1nujte oblasti s \u00fazk\u00fdmi m\u00edsty na desce. Po z\u00e1kladn\u00edm um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a glob\u00e1ln\u00edm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed najd\u011bte \u00fazk\u00e9 oblasti, kde mus\u00ed mnoho s\u00edt\u00ed proj\u00edt malou mezerou. Jedn\u00e1 se o m\u00edsta, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k ucp\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 m\u00edsto spo\u010d\u00edtejte po\u010det pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch stop, diferenci\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u00e1r\u016f a citliv\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 rozhodn\u011bte o po\u010dtu vrstev pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch k tomu, aby touto oblast\u00ed pro\u0161la v\u0161echna po\u017eadovan\u00e1 veden\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Postupujte krok za krokem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ozna\u010dte oblast \u00fazk\u00e9ho hrdla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vypi\u0161te v\u0161echny s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 j\u00edm mus\u00ed proch\u00e1zet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do seznamu zahr\u0148te diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e1ry a kritick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vypo\u010d\u00edtejte po\u010det stop, kter\u00e9 se do t\u00e9to mezery vejdou na jednu vrstvu sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyn\u00e1sobte po\u010det vrstev trasov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete pro danou oblast pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edm je d\u00e1n celkov\u00fd po\u010det stop, kter\u00e9 mohou proj\u00edt. Pokud je tento po\u010det men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po\u010det pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, p\u0159idejte sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstvy nebo zm\u011b\u0148te um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed, abyste sn\u00ed\u017eili p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. P\u0159\u00edklady a jednoduch\u00e1 pravidla<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

A. P\u0159\u00edklady \u00faniku BGA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pokud m\u016f\u017eete v\u00e9st dv\u011b stopy mezi dv\u011bma pr\u016fchodkami na BGA, m\u016f\u017eete \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edt dv\u011b sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstvy pro \u00fanik BGA. To je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad pro bal\u00ed\u010dky BGA s rozte\u010d\u00ed 1,0 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud m\u016f\u017eete v\u00e9st pouze jednu stopu mezi dv\u011bma pr\u016fchodkami, m\u016f\u017eete pot\u0159ebovat \u010dty\u0159i sm\u011brovac\u00ed vrstvy pro veden\u00ed v\u0161ech v\u00fdvod\u016f BGA. To se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 u BGA s men\u0161\u00ed rozte\u010d\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad 0,8 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B. P\u0159\u00edklad sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed konektor\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

U mnoha konektor\u016f p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejte, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eete v\u00e9st jeden diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e1r na dv\u011b pr\u016fchodky. Podle toho ur\u010dete velikost sm\u011brovac\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f v bl\u00edzkosti konektoru. Pokud m\u00e1 konektor mnoho linek, pot\u0159ebujete v\u00edce sm\u011brovac\u00edch vrstev nebo jinou stopu konektoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C. P\u0159\u00edklad vysokorychlostn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

U diferenci\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u00e1ru MIPI nebo USB je nutn\u00e9 udr\u017eovat p\u00e1r v bl\u00edzkosti referen\u010dn\u00ed roviny a zachovat spr\u00e1vnou vzd\u00e1lenost mezi p\u00e1ry a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku stopy pro c\u00edlovou impedanci. Pokud je sm\u011brovac\u00ed kan\u00e1l \u00fazk\u00fd, m\u016f\u017eete pot\u0159ebovat v\u00edce vrstev, abyste udr\u017eeli rozlo\u017een\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9 a splnili c\u00edlovou impedanci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V. V\u00edce o pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed integrity sign\u00e1lu a vyrobitelnosti<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

A. Zp\u011btn\u00e1 cesta mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 a m\u00edstn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 vrstvy v\u017edy pl\u00e1nujte tak, aby zp\u011btn\u00fd proud mohl prot\u00e9kat bl\u00edzkou zemn\u00ed rovinou. Pokud je sign\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstva vedle zemn\u00ed roviny, je zp\u011btn\u00e1 cesta kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 a EMI je n\u00edzk\u00e9. Pokud um\u00edst\u00edte sign\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstvu mezi dv\u011b sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 roviny nebo v bl\u00edzkosti rozd\u011blen\u00e9 roviny, nen\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e1 cesta lok\u00e1ln\u00ed. To zp\u016fsobuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed EMI a m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit integritu sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B. Sledujte d\u011blen\u00e9 roviny a \u0161vy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pokud je nutn\u00e9 rozd\u011blit letadlo, nasm\u011brujte citliv\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly tak, aby nep\u0159ekra\u010dovaly rozd\u011blen\u00ed. Pokud vysokorychlostn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 mus\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010dovat rozd\u011blen\u00ed roviny, zajist\u011bte jasnou zp\u011btnou cestu nebo pro\u0161it\u00ed, aby byla zp\u011btn\u00e1 cesta konzistentn\u00ed. Pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed plochy smy\u010dky pou\u017eijte pr\u016fchodky a zemnic\u00ed pr\u016fchodky v bl\u00edzkosti okraj\u016f rozd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C. Udr\u017eujte p\u00e1ry nap\u00e1jen\u00ed\/zem\u011b bl\u00edzko sebe v z\u00e1sobn\u00edku.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pokud um\u00edst\u00edte v\u00fdkonovou rovinu vedle zemn\u00ed roviny, vytvo\u0159\u00ed tato dvojice kondenz\u00e1tor. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 odd\u011blit nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017eit impedanci roviny. To je velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro integritu nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. Pokud m\u00e1te v\u00edce nap\u00e1jec\u00edch li\u0161t, sna\u017ete se je seskupit do p\u00e1rov\u00fdch stoh\u016f nebo pou\u017e\u00edvejte rozd\u011blen\u00e9 roviny pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edd\u00edte sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, abyste se vyhnuli dlouh\u00fdm zp\u011btn\u00fdm cest\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D. V\u010dasn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed pravidel vyrobitelnosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nastaven\u00ed limit\u016f DFM na za\u010d\u00e1tku. Zadejte minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku stopy, minim\u00e1ln\u00ed rozte\u010d stop, minim\u00e1ln\u00ed krou\u017eek a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost vrt\u00e1ku. P\u0159izp\u016fsobte sv\u00e1 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed pravidla tomu, co m\u016f\u017ee tov\u00e1rna spolehliv\u011b vyrobit. Pokud pl\u00e1nujete velmi tenk\u00e9 stopy nebo velmi mal\u00e9 pr\u016fchodky, ov\u011b\u0159te, zda je v\u00fdrobce zvl\u00e1dne a jak se zm\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VI. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det \u00fazk\u00e9ho m\u00edsta<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

A. Jak po\u010d\u00edtat j\u00edzdn\u00ed pruhy v meze\u0159e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zm\u011b\u0159te \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku mezery v oblasti \u00fazk\u00e9ho hrdla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomoc\u00ed pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky stopy a rozte\u010de vypo\u010d\u00edtejte, kolik jednostrann\u00fdch stop se vejde do jedn\u00e9 vrstvy. U diferenci\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u00e1r\u016f spo\u010d\u00edtejte, kolik p\u00e1r\u016f se vejde na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozte\u010de p\u00e1r\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zohledn\u011bte oblasti s ochranou a pr\u016fchodky, kter\u00e9 blokuj\u00ed dr\u00e1hy. Zmen\u0161ete vyu\u017eitelnou \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku o prostor zabran\u00fd pr\u016fchoz\u00edmi poli nebo mechanick\u00fdmi otvory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B. Rozhodn\u011bte o po\u010dtu vrstev na z\u00e1klad\u011b kapacity mezery<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pokud jedna vrstva unese pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 stopy, je v\u0161e v po\u0159\u00e1dku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud ne, p\u0159idejte dal\u0161\u00ed vrstvu sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed a zkontrolujte ji znovu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed vrstev nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, zva\u017ete p\u0159esunut\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f, zm\u011bnu konektoru nebo zm\u011bnu strategie v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed BGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VII. V\u0161e dohromady - praktick\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vrstev<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Krok 1. Seznam omezen\u00ed a c\u00edl\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sestavte kr\u00e1tk\u00fd seznam: po\u010det BGA a jejich rozte\u010d, po\u010det konektor\u016f, po\u010det vysokorychlostn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, seznam nap\u00e1jec\u00edch li\u0161t, v\u00fdkonnostn\u00ed c\u00edle a c\u00edlov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok 2. Na\u010drtn\u011bte p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fd rozpis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010dn\u011bte s nezbytn\u00fdmi nap\u00e1jec\u00edmi a zemnic\u00edmi rovinami bl\u00edzko st\u0159edu. Kolem nich um\u00edst\u011bte sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 vrstvy. Tam, kde pot\u0159ebujete n\u00edzkou impedanci, pou\u017eijte dvojice v\u00fdkon\/zem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok 3. Zkontrolujte pot\u0159eby \u00faniku BGA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zkontrolujte ka\u017ed\u00fd BGA. Pokud pot\u0159ebujete v\u00edce \u00fanikov\u00fdch linek, p\u0159idejte sign\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstvy nebo zm\u011b\u0148te p\u016fdorys BGA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok 4. Kontrola vysokorychlostn\u00edch sm\u011brovac\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ozna\u010dte v\u0161echny vysokorychlostn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Vyhra\u010fte pro n\u011b sm\u011brovac\u00ed kan\u00e1ly. Pokud jsou kan\u00e1ly t\u011bsn\u00e9, p\u0159idejte vrstvy nebo zm\u011b\u0148te um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok 5. Kontrola \u00fazk\u00fdch m\u00edst<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spo\u010d\u00edtejte kapacitu ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 mezery. Pokud kapacita nesta\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159idejte vrstvy nebo v\u011bci p\u0159esu\u0148te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok 6. Finalizace z\u00e1sobn\u00edku a pravidel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oprava stohov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nastavte \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku stopy, rozestupy a c\u00edlov\u00e9 impedance. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh dodr\u017euje DFM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok 7. Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed s in\u017een\u00fdry a v\u00fdrobcem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zkontrolujte sestavu s v\u00fdrobcem desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f a s in\u017een\u00fdry pro integritu sign\u00e1lu. Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si v\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednky a upravte je.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VIII. Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vrstev je kombinac\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch pot\u0159eb a praktick\u00e9ho sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed a zemn\u00edc\u00ed vrstvy se pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed tak, aby bylo nap\u00e1jen\u00ed stabiln\u00ed a zp\u011btn\u00e9 cesty kr\u00e1tk\u00e9. Sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 vrstvy pl\u00e1nujete na z\u00e1klad\u011b sm\u011brovac\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f, rozte\u010de BGA, hloubky konektor\u016f a \u00fazk\u00fdch m\u00edst. Pokud pl\u00e1nujete dob\u0159e, bude sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, n\u00e1vrh desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f je jako stavba vysok\u00e9 budovy. Pl\u00e1n vrstev je v\u00fdkres. Pokud je v\u00fdkres spr\u00e1vn\u00fd, stavba prob\u00edh\u00e1 hladce.<\/p>\n\n\n

\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tJak se ur\u010duje po\u010det vrstev DPS?<\/span><\/div>

Po\u010det vrstev desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f je d\u00e1n po\u010dtem sign\u00e1lov\u00fdch vrstev a po\u010dtem nap\u00e1jec\u00edch a zemn\u00edch rovin pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro obvod. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i p\u0159ed rozhodnut\u00edm o kone\u010dn\u00e9m po\u010dtu vrstev vyhodnot\u00ed hustotu sou\u010d\u00e1stek, slo\u017eitost sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, rozte\u010d BGA, vysokorychlostn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly a pot\u0159eby rozvodu nap\u00e1jen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tPro\u010d jsou zemn\u00ed roviny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu DPS?<\/span><\/div>

Zemn\u00ed roviny poskytuj\u00ed stabiln\u00ed referenci pro sign\u00e1ly a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed omezit elektromagnetick\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed. Spojit\u00e1 zemn\u00ed rovina tak\u00e9 zlep\u0161uje integritu sign\u00e1lu a poskytuje \u010distou zp\u011btnou cestu pro vysokorychlostn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tJak ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed BGA pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vrstev DPS?<\/span><\/div>

P\u00e1sky BGA maj\u00ed hust\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdvod\u016f. Rozte\u010d BGA ur\u010duje, kolik stop m\u016f\u017ee proch\u00e1zet mezi pr\u016fchodkami. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozte\u010d umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00edce sm\u011brovac\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f, zat\u00edmco men\u0161\u00ed rozte\u010d vy\u017eaduje v\u00edce sm\u011brovac\u00edch vrstev pro dokon\u010den\u00ed sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faniku sign\u00e1lu.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I. Overview of PCB Layer Count Determination The total number of PCB layers is not fixed at the start. Engineers 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