{"id":5003,"date":"2026-06-04T07:52:40","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T07:52:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=5003"},"modified":"2026-06-04T07:52:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T07:52:44","slug":"pcba-conformal-coating-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcba-conformal-coating-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fvodce procesem konformn\u00edho povlakov\u00e1n\u00ed SMT PCBA"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Souvislosti procesu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee sou\u010d\u00e1stky na desce plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f (PCBA) jsou st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00ed a hust\u011bji rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9, zmen\u0161uje se tak\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenost mezi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami a jejich v\u00fd\u0161ka nad deskou, tedy mezera mezi sou\u010d\u00e1stkou a deskou plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 maj\u00ed faktory okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv na PCBA<\/a>. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu se dnes od elektronick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f vy\u017eaduje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 spolehlivosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1stky na desk\u00e1ch plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f (PCBA) se m\u011bn\u00ed z velk\u00fdch na mal\u00e9 a z voln\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed na hust\u00e9. V souvislosti s trendem miniaturizace a vysok\u00e9 hustoty se probl\u00e9my s poruchami zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu se konformn\u00ed povlak stal kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm procesem pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spolehlivosti desek PCBA p\u0159i provozu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Vliv r\u016fzn\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f na PCBA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 faktory prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako je vlhkost, prach, soln\u00e1 mlha a pl\u00edse\u0148, mohou zp\u016fsobit r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy poruch desek s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA). Hlavn\u00ed dopady jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 Vliv vlhkosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina elektronick\u00fdch desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v otev\u0159en\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed je vystavena riziku koroze. Hlavn\u00edm \u010dinitelem zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edm korozi je voda. Molekuly vody jsou velmi mal\u00e9, a proto mohou pronikat skrz mezery mezi molekulami n\u011bkter\u00fdch polymern\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f a dostat se do vnit\u0159ku materi\u00e1lu. Mohou tak\u00e9 pronikat skrz drobn\u00e9 d\u00edrky v povlaku a dostat se k kovov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b pod n\u00edm, kde pak zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed korozi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakmile vlhkost vzduchu dos\u00e1hne ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee to na desce s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji zp\u016fsobit elektrochemickou migraci, svodov\u00fd proud a zkreslen\u00ed sign\u00e1lu ve vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edch obvodech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1ra nebo vlhkost + iontov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, jako jsou soli a aktiv\u00e1tory tavidel = vodiv\u00fd elektrolyt + nap\u011bt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm = elektrochemick\u00e1 migrace<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Effect<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e relativn\u00ed vlhkost dos\u00e1hne 80%, m\u016f\u017ee se na povrchu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vytvo\u0159it vodn\u00ed film o tlou\u0161\u0165ce 5 a\u017e 20 molekul. V tomto okam\u017eiku se mnoho molekul m\u016f\u017ee voln\u011b pohybovat. Je-li v prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomen uhl\u00edk, mohou doch\u00e1zet k elektrochemick\u00fdm reakc\u00edm. Kdy\u017e relativn\u00ed vlhkost dos\u00e1hne 60%, m\u016f\u017ee se na povrchu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vytvo\u0159it vodn\u00ed film o tlou\u0161\u0165ce 2 a\u017e 4 molekuly. Pokud se v n\u011bm rozpust\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, mohou nastat chemick\u00e9 reakce. P\u0159i relativn\u00ed vlhkosti ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 20% t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve\u0161ker\u00e1 koroze ustane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je ochrana p\u0159ed vlhkost\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ochrany v\u00fdrobku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se vlhkost vyskytuje ve t\u0159ech form\u00e1ch: de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda, kondenzace a vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra. Voda je elektrolyt. Dok\u00e1\u017ee rozpou\u0161t\u011bt mnoho korozivn\u00edch iont\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u011b zp\u016fsobovat korozi kov\u016f. Pokud je teplota ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rosn\u00fd bod, dojde na tomto povrchu ke kondenzaci. K tomu m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt na konstruk\u010dn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech nebo na desce s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 Vliv prachu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ve vzduchu se vyskytuje prach. Prach m\u016f\u017ee pohlcovat iontov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se usazovat uvnit\u0159 elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k poruch\u00e1m. Jedn\u00e1 se o b\u011b\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m u elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch venku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prach lze rozd\u011blit do dvou typ\u016f. Hrub\u00fd prach tvo\u0159\u00ed nepravideln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice o pr\u016fm\u011bru 2,5 a\u017e 15 mikron\u016f. Obvykle nezp\u016fsobuje poruchy ani jisk\u0159en\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak ovlivnit kontakt v konektorech. Jemn\u00fd prach tvo\u0159\u00ed nepravideln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice o pr\u016fm\u011bru men\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 2,5 mikronu. Jemn\u00fd prach, kter\u00fd se usad\u00ed na desce PCBA, m\u00e1 ur\u010ditou p\u0159ilnavost, a proto jej lze odstranit pouze antistatick\u00fdm kart\u00e1\u010dem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky prachu jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:
a. Pokud se na povrchu desky s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA) usad\u00ed prach, m\u016f\u017ee to zp\u016fsobit elektrochemickou korozi a zv\u00fd\u0161it poruchovost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.
b. Kombinace prachu, tepla, vlhkosti a soln\u00e9 mlhy zp\u016fsobuje na desce s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA) nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161kody. Elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch oblastech, v pou\u0161tn\u00edch oblastech nebo na slan\u011b-alkalick\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch, v obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f ji\u017en\u011b od \u0159eky Huai a v bl\u00edzkosti chemick\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f \u010di t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch oblast\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru poruchovosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je ochrana p\u0159ed prachem d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ochrany v\u00fdrobku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Vliv soln\u00e9 mlhy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Slan\u00e1 mlha vznik\u00e1 p\u016fsoben\u00edm vln, p\u0159\u00edlivu a odlivu, atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 cirkulace (nap\u0159. monzun\u016f), atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho tlaku a slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00edtr ji m\u016f\u017ee un\u00e1\u0161et do vnitrozem\u00ed. Jej\u00ed koncentrace kles\u00e1 s rostouc\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Obvykle je koncentrace ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 1 km od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed pouze 1% hodnoty nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. B\u011bhem obdob\u00ed tajfun\u016f se slan\u00e1 mlha m\u016f\u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159it d\u00e1le do vnitrozem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky soln\u00e9 mlhy jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/strong>
a. Po\u0161kozuje povrchovou vrstvu na kovov\u00fdch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvc\u00edch.
b. Urychluje elektrochemickou korozi, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k p\u0159etr\u017een\u00ed kovov\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u016f a selh\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010casto se vyskytuj\u00ed i podobn\u00e9 zdroje koroze:<\/strong>
a. Lidsk\u00fd pot obsahuje s\u016fl, mo\u010dovinu, kyselinu ml\u00e9\u010dnou a dal\u0161\u00ed chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Ty mohou na elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch zp\u016fsobit stejn\u00fd druh koroze jako soln\u00e1 mlha. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je t\u0159eba p\u0159i mont\u00e1\u017ei a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nosit rukavice a hol\u00e9 ruce se nesm\u00ed dot\u00fdkat pokoven\u00fdch povrch\u016f.
b. Tavidlo obsahuje halogeny a kysel\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Desku s osazen\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami (PCBA) je nutn\u00e9 vy\u010distit a mno\u017estv\u00ed zbytk\u016f tavidla je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontrolovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je ochrana proti soln\u00e9 mlze d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ochrany v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 Vliv pl\u00edsn\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pl\u00edse\u0148 je obecn\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 houby. Znamen\u00e1 to \u201chouby tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed pl\u00edse\u0148\u201d. \u010casto tvo\u0159\u00ed rozv\u011btven\u00e9 a hust\u00e9 mycelium, ale nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed velk\u00e1 plodnice jako houby. Na tepl\u00fdch a vlhk\u00fdch m\u00edstech se na mnoha p\u0159edm\u011btech objevuj\u00ed viditeln\u00e9 chlupat\u00e9, bavln\u011b podobn\u00e9 nebo pavu\u010dinovit\u00e9 kolonie. To je pl\u00edse\u0148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Effect<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0160kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky pl\u00edsn\u00ed jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:
a. Pl\u00edse\u0148 se \u017eiv\u00ed organick\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly a roste na nich. To m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti materi\u00e1lu a zp\u016fsobit jeho po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u010di selh\u00e1n\u00ed.
b. Metabolick\u00fdmi produkty pl\u00edsn\u00ed jsou organick\u00e9 kyseliny. Ty mohou ovlivnit izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti a dielektrickou pevnost a mohou zp\u016fsobit probl\u00e9my s jisk\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je ochrana p\u0159ed pl\u00edsn\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ochrany v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. P\u0159ehled procesu nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed konformn\u00edho povlaku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k celkov\u00e9mu vlivu vlhkosti, prachu, soln\u00e9 mlhy, pl\u00edsn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edch korozi v prost\u0159ed\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 desku s povrchov\u011b montovan\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami (PCBA) co nejv\u00edce izolovat od vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ila jej\u00ed spolehlivost. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto byl zaveden proces nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed konformn\u00edho povlaku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konformn\u00ed povlak se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 povrchov\u00fd povlak nebo konformn\u00ed povlak. Jeho anglick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je \u201ecoating\u201c nebo \u201econformal coating\u201c. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu ochrany povrchu desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f po p\u00e1jen\u00ed. P\u0159i tomto procesu se na povrch desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed tenk\u00e1 izola\u010dn\u00ed ochrann\u00e1 vrstva. Odd\u011bluje citliv\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky od drsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje bezpe\u010dnost a spolehlivost elektronick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a prodlu\u017euje jejich \u017eivotnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konformn\u00ed povlak chr\u00e1n\u00ed obvody a sou\u010d\u00e1stky p\u0159ed vlhkost\u00ed, zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami, koroz\u00ed, nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm, n\u00e1razy, mechanick\u00fdmi vibracemi a teplotn\u00edmi cykly. M\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zlep\u0161it mechanickou pevnost a izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti. Po nanesen\u00ed povlaku se na povrchu desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f vytvo\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fhledn\u00fd ochrann\u00fd film. Tento film zabra\u0148uje vniknut\u00ed kapek vody a vlhkosti a m\u016f\u017ee tak p\u0159edej\u00edt poruch\u00e1m zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm \u00fanikem proudu a zkrat\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body procesu nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed konformn\u00edho povlaku na z\u00e1klad\u011b IPC-A-610E<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 Klasifikace povrch\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

4.1.1 Oblasti, kde nen\u00ed povoleno nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011bru<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed oblasti, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 propojen\u00ed, jako jsou zlat\u00e9 plo\u0161ky, zlat\u00e9 kontakty, pr\u016fchoz\u00ed otvory s pokoven\u00edm a testovac\u00ed otvory; baterie a dr\u017e\u00e1ky bateri\u00ed; konektory; pojistky a jejich pouzdra; chladi\u010de; propojky; objektivy kamer v optick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch; potenciometry; senzory; sp\u00edna\u010de bez ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e9 konstrukce; a v\u0161echny oblasti, kde by povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava mohla ovlivnit v\u00fdkon nebo b\u011b\u017en\u00fd provoz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1.2 Plochy, kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 nat\u0159\u00edt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echny p\u00e1jen\u00e9 spoje, v\u00fdvody a vodiv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sou\u010d\u00e1stek mus\u00ed b\u00fdt opat\u0159eny povrchovou \u00fapravou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1.3 Oblasti s voliteln\u00fdm povlakem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pro tyto oblasti neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jasn\u00e9 z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na povrchovou \u00fapravu. Povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava se m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt podle pot\u0159eb v\u00fdrobku a po\u017eadavk\u016f z\u00e1kazn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2 Norma pro tlou\u0161\u0165ku povlaku a zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metoda<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tlou\u0161\u0165ka povlaku by se m\u011bla m\u011b\u0159it na rovn\u00e9m, nekryt\u00e9m a vytvrzen\u00e9m povrchu sestavy ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho obvodu. Lze ji tak\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159it na doprovodn\u00e9 desce vyroben\u00e9 stejn\u00fdm procesem jako sestava. Doprovodn\u00e1 deska m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyrobena ze stejn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu jako deska s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCB), nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z nepor\u00e9zn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, jako je kov \u010di sklo. Jako alternativn\u00ed zp\u016fsob kontroly tlou\u0161\u0165ky povlaku lze rovn\u011b\u017e pou\u017e\u00edt m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky mokr\u00e9ho filmu. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159edem zn\u00e1m p\u0159evodn\u00ed pom\u011br mezi such\u00fdm a mokr\u00fdm filmem a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vedeny p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thickness test methods:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Dry film thickness measurement: a micrometer can be used, following the IPC-CC-830B standard. A ferrous dry film thickness gauge can also be used.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Wet film thickness measurement: use a wet film thickness gauge to measure the wet film thickness, then convert it into the actual dry film thickness based on the solid content ratio of the coating material.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    4.3 Edge Resolution Requirement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Definition: the edge of a line sprayed by a normal spray valve cannot be perfectly straight. Small burrs will exist. The width of these burrs is called edge resolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Process requirement: the smaller the edge resolution value, the higher the coating precision. There is no single fixed standard. It only needs to meet the custom requirement of the customer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.4 Uniformity Requirement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    The conformal coating must form a complete film on the product surface. The film must be even in thickness, smooth, and clear. The coating coverage must be uniform across the whole product. After coating, the product surface must not show cracks, layer separation, orange peel, contamination, capillary effect, bubbles, or other process defects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. Full Conformal Coating Process and Main Methods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    5.1 Early Preparation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Prepare the PCBA product, conformal coating material, and other helper materials. Identify the areas that need local masking protection. Confirm and lock down all key process details.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.2 Cleaning Process<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Cleaning should be done as soon as possible after PCBA soldering is finished. This helps avoid solder residue becoming hard to remove after it cures. First, judge whether the contaminant is polar or non-polar, and then match it with the right cleaning agent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    If an alcohol-based cleaning agent is used, the work area must have good ventilation. After cleaning, drying must be done strictly, so that leftover solvent does not cause an oven explosion when it evaporates. If a water-wash process is used, use a slightly alkaline emulsified cleaning liquid to remove flux residue, then rinse fully with pure water. Make sure the cleaning quality standard is met.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.3 Masking Protection Process<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    When selective coating equipment is not used, the no-coating areas must be masked before coating. Use adhesive tape that will not leave residue or transfer glue. For IC parts, anti-static paper tape should be used first. All parts must be masked and protected strictly according to the drawing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.4 Dehumidification Process<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    After cleaning and masking, the PCBA must be pre-baked and dehumidified before coating. Based on the maximum temperature that the PCBA can tolerate, choose the right pre-bake temperature and hold time. This removes moisture fully from the board and from inside the components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5 Main Coating Methods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    The conformal coating process can be chosen flexibly based on the protection level of the PCBA, the production equipment, and the technical setup. The main methods are the following four types.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.1 Manual Brush Coating<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Brush coating has a wide use range. It is mainly suitable for small batch production, products with complex and dense PCBA structures, and products with strict masking protection needs. It gives strong manual control and can avoid no-coating areas very precisely, so it can prevent contamination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Manual<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    This process uses very little coating material, so it is suitable for high-cost two-component coatings. It requires a high level of skill from the operator. Before work starts, the operator must understand the coating requirements in the drawing, identify different components, know the no-coating areas clearly, and make the marks easy to see. During the whole work process, bare hands must not touch the printed plug-in parts, so that secondary contamination can be avoided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.2 Manual Dip Coating<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Dip coating can form a uniform, continuous, and complete coating layer. The overall coating effect is very good. However, it is not suitable for PCBA products that have adjustable capacitors, adjustable magnetic cores, potentiometers, cup-shaped magnetic cores, or parts with poor sealing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The key process parameters for dip coating are: adjust the viscosity of the conformal coating accurately; control the PCBA lifting speed strictly; the lifting speed must not be more than 1 meter per second, so that bubbles do not form in the coating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.3 Manual Spray Coating<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    This method fits products with complex structures, many types, and small batch sizes, where mass production by automatic equipment is not possible. It can cover special corners and gap areas very well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Work notes: spray mist can easily contaminate no-coating areas such as PCB plug-in parts, IC sockets, precision contacts, and grounding areas. Therefore, masking protection must be done before spraying. Operators must not touch printed plugs with bare hands, so that the contact surface will not become dirty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.4 Automatic Spray Coating<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    This method usually uses selective automatic coating equipment. It is suitable for large-scale standardized production. It has the advantages of good coating consistency, high precision, and less environmental pollution. As the industry upgrades, labor costs rise, and environmental rules become stricter, automatic spray equipment is slowly replacing traditional manual coating. It is becoming the main method in the industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Automatic<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1. Process Background As PCBA components become smaller and more dense, the distance between parts and the stand-off height of 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