{"id":5003,"date":"2026-06-04T07:52:40","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T07:52:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=5003"},"modified":"2026-06-04T07:52:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T07:52:44","slug":"pcba-conformal-coating-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/cs\/pcba-conformal-coating-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fvodce procesem konformn\u00edho povlakov\u00e1n\u00ed SMT PCBA"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Souvislosti procesu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee sou\u010d\u00e1stky na desce plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f (PCBA) jsou st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00ed a hust\u011bji rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9, zmen\u0161uje se tak\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenost mezi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami a jejich v\u00fd\u0161ka nad deskou, tedy mezera mezi sou\u010d\u00e1stkou a deskou plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 maj\u00ed faktory okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv na PCBA<\/a>. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu se dnes od elektronick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f vy\u017eaduje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 spolehlivosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1stky na desk\u00e1ch plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f (PCBA) se m\u011bn\u00ed z velk\u00fdch na mal\u00e9 a z voln\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed na hust\u00e9. V souvislosti s trendem miniaturizace a vysok\u00e9 hustoty se probl\u00e9my s poruchami zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu se konformn\u00ed povlak stal kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm procesem pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spolehlivosti desek PCBA p\u0159i provozu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Vliv r\u016fzn\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f na PCBA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 faktory prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako je vlhkost, prach, soln\u00e1 mlha a pl\u00edse\u0148, mohou zp\u016fsobit r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy poruch desek s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA). Hlavn\u00ed dopady jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 Vliv vlhkosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina elektronick\u00fdch desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v otev\u0159en\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed je vystavena riziku koroze. Hlavn\u00edm \u010dinitelem zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edm korozi je voda. Molekuly vody jsou velmi mal\u00e9, a proto mohou pronikat skrz mezery mezi molekulami n\u011bkter\u00fdch polymern\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f a dostat se do vnit\u0159ku materi\u00e1lu. Mohou tak\u00e9 pronikat skrz drobn\u00e9 d\u00edrky v povlaku a dostat se k kovov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b pod n\u00edm, kde pak zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed korozi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakmile vlhkost vzduchu dos\u00e1hne ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee to na desce s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji zp\u016fsobit elektrochemickou migraci, svodov\u00fd proud a zkreslen\u00ed sign\u00e1lu ve vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edch obvodech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1ra nebo vlhkost + iontov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, jako jsou soli a aktiv\u00e1tory tavidel = vodiv\u00fd elektrolyt + nap\u011bt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm = elektrochemick\u00e1 migrace<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Effect<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e relativn\u00ed vlhkost dos\u00e1hne 80%, m\u016f\u017ee se na povrchu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vytvo\u0159it vodn\u00ed film o tlou\u0161\u0165ce 5 a\u017e 20 molekul. V tomto okam\u017eiku se mnoho molekul m\u016f\u017ee voln\u011b pohybovat. Je-li v prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomen uhl\u00edk, mohou doch\u00e1zet k elektrochemick\u00fdm reakc\u00edm. Kdy\u017e relativn\u00ed vlhkost dos\u00e1hne 60%, m\u016f\u017ee se na povrchu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vytvo\u0159it vodn\u00ed film o tlou\u0161\u0165ce 2 a\u017e 4 molekuly. Pokud se v n\u011bm rozpust\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, mohou nastat chemick\u00e9 reakce. P\u0159i relativn\u00ed vlhkosti ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 20% t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve\u0161ker\u00e1 koroze ustane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je ochrana p\u0159ed vlhkost\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ochrany v\u00fdrobku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se vlhkost vyskytuje ve t\u0159ech form\u00e1ch: de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda, kondenzace a vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra. Voda je elektrolyt. Dok\u00e1\u017ee rozpou\u0161t\u011bt mnoho korozivn\u00edch iont\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u011b zp\u016fsobovat korozi kov\u016f. Pokud je teplota ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rosn\u00fd bod, dojde na tomto povrchu ke kondenzaci. K tomu m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt na konstruk\u010dn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech nebo na desce s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 Vliv prachu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ve vzduchu se vyskytuje prach. Prach m\u016f\u017ee pohlcovat iontov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se usazovat uvnit\u0159 elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k poruch\u00e1m. Jedn\u00e1 se o b\u011b\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m u elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch venku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prach lze rozd\u011blit do dvou typ\u016f. Hrub\u00fd prach tvo\u0159\u00ed nepravideln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice o pr\u016fm\u011bru 2,5 a\u017e 15 mikron\u016f. Obvykle nezp\u016fsobuje poruchy ani jisk\u0159en\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak ovlivnit kontakt v konektorech. Jemn\u00fd prach tvo\u0159\u00ed nepravideln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice o pr\u016fm\u011bru men\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 2,5 mikronu. Jemn\u00fd prach, kter\u00fd se usad\u00ed na desce PCBA, m\u00e1 ur\u010ditou p\u0159ilnavost, a proto jej lze odstranit pouze antistatick\u00fdm kart\u00e1\u010dem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky prachu jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:
a. Pokud se na povrchu desky s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA) usad\u00ed prach, m\u016f\u017ee to zp\u016fsobit elektrochemickou korozi a zv\u00fd\u0161it poruchovost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.
b. Kombinace prachu, tepla, vlhkosti a soln\u00e9 mlhy zp\u016fsobuje na desce s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA) nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161kody. Elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch oblastech, v pou\u0161tn\u00edch oblastech nebo na slan\u011b-alkalick\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch, v obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f ji\u017en\u011b od \u0159eky Huai a v bl\u00edzkosti chemick\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f \u010di t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch oblast\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru poruchovosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je ochrana p\u0159ed prachem d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ochrany v\u00fdrobku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Vliv soln\u00e9 mlhy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Slan\u00e1 mlha vznik\u00e1 p\u016fsoben\u00edm vln, p\u0159\u00edlivu a odlivu, atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 cirkulace (nap\u0159. monzun\u016f), atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho tlaku a slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00edtr ji m\u016f\u017ee un\u00e1\u0161et do vnitrozem\u00ed. Jej\u00ed koncentrace kles\u00e1 s rostouc\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Obvykle je koncentrace ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 1 km od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed pouze 1% hodnoty nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. B\u011bhem obdob\u00ed tajfun\u016f se slan\u00e1 mlha m\u016f\u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159it d\u00e1le do vnitrozem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky soln\u00e9 mlhy jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/strong>
a. Po\u0161kozuje povrchovou vrstvu na kovov\u00fdch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvc\u00edch.
b. Urychluje elektrochemickou korozi, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k p\u0159etr\u017een\u00ed kovov\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u016f a selh\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010casto se vyskytuj\u00ed i podobn\u00e9 zdroje koroze:<\/strong>
a. Lidsk\u00fd pot obsahuje s\u016fl, mo\u010dovinu, kyselinu ml\u00e9\u010dnou a dal\u0161\u00ed chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Ty mohou na elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch zp\u016fsobit stejn\u00fd druh koroze jako soln\u00e1 mlha. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je t\u0159eba p\u0159i mont\u00e1\u017ei a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nosit rukavice a hol\u00e9 ruce se nesm\u00ed dot\u00fdkat pokoven\u00fdch povrch\u016f.
b. Tavidlo obsahuje halogeny a kysel\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Desku s osazen\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami (PCBA) je nutn\u00e9 vy\u010distit a mno\u017estv\u00ed zbytk\u016f tavidla je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontrolovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je ochrana proti soln\u00e9 mlze d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ochrany v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 Vliv pl\u00edsn\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pl\u00edse\u0148 je obecn\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 houby. Znamen\u00e1 to \u201chouby tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed pl\u00edse\u0148\u201d. \u010casto tvo\u0159\u00ed rozv\u011btven\u00e9 a hust\u00e9 mycelium, ale nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed velk\u00e1 plodnice jako houby. Na tepl\u00fdch a vlhk\u00fdch m\u00edstech se na mnoha p\u0159edm\u011btech objevuj\u00ed viditeln\u00e9 chlupat\u00e9, bavln\u011b podobn\u00e9 nebo pavu\u010dinovit\u00e9 kolonie. To je pl\u00edse\u0148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Effect<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0160kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky pl\u00edsn\u00ed jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:
a. Pl\u00edse\u0148 se \u017eiv\u00ed organick\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly a roste na nich. To m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti materi\u00e1lu a zp\u016fsobit jeho po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u010di selh\u00e1n\u00ed.
b. Metabolick\u00fdmi produkty pl\u00edsn\u00ed jsou organick\u00e9 kyseliny. Ty mohou ovlivnit izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti a dielektrickou pevnost a mohou zp\u016fsobit probl\u00e9my s jisk\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je ochrana p\u0159ed pl\u00edsn\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ochrany v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. P\u0159ehled procesu nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed konformn\u00edho povlaku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k celkov\u00e9mu vlivu vlhkosti, prachu, soln\u00e9 mlhy, pl\u00edsn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edch korozi v prost\u0159ed\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 desku s povrchov\u011b montovan\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami (PCBA) co nejv\u00edce izolovat od vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ila jej\u00ed spolehlivost. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto byl zaveden proces nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed konformn\u00edho povlaku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konformn\u00ed povlak se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 povrchov\u00fd povlak nebo konformn\u00ed povlak. Jeho anglick\u00fd n\u00e1zev je \u201ecoating\u201c nebo \u201econformal coating\u201c. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu ochrany povrchu desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f po p\u00e1jen\u00ed. P\u0159i tomto procesu se na povrch desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed tenk\u00e1 izola\u010dn\u00ed ochrann\u00e1 vrstva. Odd\u011bluje citliv\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky od drsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje bezpe\u010dnost a spolehlivost elektronick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a prodlu\u017euje jejich \u017eivotnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konformn\u00ed povlak chr\u00e1n\u00ed obvody a sou\u010d\u00e1stky p\u0159ed vlhkost\u00ed, zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami, koroz\u00ed, nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm, n\u00e1razy, mechanick\u00fdmi vibracemi a teplotn\u00edmi cykly. M\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zlep\u0161it mechanickou pevnost a izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti. Po nanesen\u00ed povlaku se na povrchu desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f vytvo\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fhledn\u00fd ochrann\u00fd film. Tento film zabra\u0148uje vniknut\u00ed kapek vody a vlhkosti a m\u016f\u017ee tak p\u0159edej\u00edt poruch\u00e1m zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm \u00fanikem proudu a zkrat\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body procesu nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed konformn\u00edho povlaku na z\u00e1klad\u011b IPC-A-610E<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 Klasifikace povrch\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

4.1.1 Oblasti, kde nen\u00ed povoleno nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011bru<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed oblasti, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 propojen\u00ed, jako jsou zlat\u00e9 plo\u0161ky, zlat\u00e9 kontakty, pr\u016fchoz\u00ed otvory s pokoven\u00edm a testovac\u00ed otvory; baterie a dr\u017e\u00e1ky bateri\u00ed; konektory; pojistky a jejich pouzdra; chladi\u010de; propojky; objektivy kamer v optick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch; potenciometry; senzory; sp\u00edna\u010de bez ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e9 konstrukce; a v\u0161echny oblasti, kde by povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava mohla ovlivnit v\u00fdkon nebo b\u011b\u017en\u00fd provoz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1.2 Plochy, kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 nat\u0159\u00edt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echny p\u00e1jen\u00e9 spoje, v\u00fdvody a vodiv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sou\u010d\u00e1stek mus\u00ed b\u00fdt opat\u0159eny povrchovou \u00fapravou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1.3 Oblasti s voliteln\u00fdm povlakem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pro tyto oblasti neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jasn\u00e9 z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na povrchovou \u00fapravu. Povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava se m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt podle pot\u0159eb v\u00fdrobku a po\u017eadavk\u016f z\u00e1kazn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2 Norma pro tlou\u0161\u0165ku povlaku a zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metoda<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tlou\u0161\u0165ka povlaku by se m\u011bla m\u011b\u0159it na rovn\u00e9m, nekryt\u00e9m a vytvrzen\u00e9m povrchu sestavy ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho obvodu. Lze ji tak\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159it na doprovodn\u00e9 desce vyroben\u00e9 stejn\u00fdm procesem jako sestava. Doprovodn\u00e1 deska m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyrobena ze stejn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu jako deska s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCB), nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z nepor\u00e9zn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, jako je kov \u010di sklo. Jako alternativn\u00ed zp\u016fsob kontroly tlou\u0161\u0165ky povlaku lze rovn\u011b\u017e pou\u017e\u00edt m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky mokr\u00e9ho filmu. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159edem zn\u00e1m p\u0159evodn\u00ed pom\u011br mezi such\u00fdm a mokr\u00fdm filmem a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vedeny p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metody zkou\u0161en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky such\u00e9ho filmu: lze pou\u017e\u00edt mikrometr v souladu s normou IPC-CC-830B. Lze rovn\u011b\u017e pou\u017e\u00edt m\u011b\u0159idlo tlou\u0161\u0165ky such\u00e9ho filmu na \u017eelezn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky mokr\u00e9ho filmu: k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky mokr\u00e9ho filmu pou\u017eijte m\u011b\u0159idlo tlou\u0161\u0165ky mokr\u00e9ho filmu a nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu pot\u00e9 p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtejte na skute\u010dnou tlou\u0161\u0165ku such\u00e9ho filmu na z\u00e1klad\u011b pom\u011bru obsahu pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    4.3 Po\u017eadavky na rozli\u0161en\u00ed hran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Definice: Okraj \u010d\u00e1ry nast\u0159\u00edkan\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed standardn\u00edho st\u0159\u00edkac\u00edho ventilu nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dokonale rovn\u00fd. V\u017edy se na n\u011bm vyskytnou drobn\u00e9 ot\u0159epy. \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka t\u011bchto ot\u0159ep\u016f se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 rozli\u0161en\u00ed okraje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technick\u00e1 specifikace: \u010d\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je hodnota rozli\u0161en\u00ed hran, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je p\u0159esnost nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed povlaku. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jednotn\u00fd pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd standard. Sta\u010d\u00ed, aby spl\u0148ovala individu\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavky z\u00e1kazn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.4 Po\u017eadavek na rovnom\u011brnost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Konformn\u00ed povlak mus\u00ed na povrchu v\u00fdrobku tvo\u0159it souvisl\u00fd film. Film mus\u00ed m\u00edt rovnom\u011brnou tlou\u0161\u0165ku, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt hladk\u00fd a pr\u016fhledn\u00fd. Pokryt\u00ed povlakem mus\u00ed b\u00fdt rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m povrchu v\u00fdrobku. Po nanesen\u00ed povlaku nesm\u00ed povrch v\u00fdrobku vykazovat praskliny, odlupov\u00e1n\u00ed vrstev, pomeran\u010dovou k\u016fru, ne\u010distoty, kapil\u00e1rn\u00ed jevy, bubliny ani jin\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed vady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. Kompletn\u00ed proces nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed konformn\u00edho povlaku a hlavn\u00ed metody<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    5.1 V\u010dasn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    P\u0159ipravte si produkt PCBA, materi\u00e1l pro konformn\u00ed povlak a dal\u0161\u00ed pomocn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. Ur\u010dete oblasti, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba lok\u00e1ln\u011b zakr\u00fdt. Ov\u011b\u0159te a zafixujte v\u0161echny kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 detaily procesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.2 \u010cistic\u00ed proces<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed by se m\u011blo prov\u00e9st co nejd\u0159\u00edve po dokon\u010den\u00ed p\u00e1jen\u00ed desky s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA). T\u00edm se zabr\u00e1n\u00ed tomu, aby se zbytky p\u00e1jky po vytvrzen\u00ed staly obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b odstraniteln\u00fdmi. Nejprve je t\u0159eba posoudit, zda se jedn\u00e1 o pol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010di nepol\u00e1rn\u00ed ne\u010distotu, a pot\u00e9 zvolit vhodn\u00fd \u010distic\u00ed prost\u0159edek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010distic\u00edho prost\u0159edku na b\u00e1zi alkoholu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pracovn\u00ed prostor dob\u0159e odv\u011btr\u00e1n. Po vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed d\u016fkladn\u011b vysu\u0161it, aby zbytky rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla p\u0159i odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nezp\u016fsobily v\u00fdbuch pece. Pokud se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vodn\u00ed myc\u00ed proces, k odstran\u011bn\u00ed zbytk\u016f tavidla pou\u017eijte m\u00edrn\u011b alkalick\u00fd emulgovan\u00fd \u010distic\u00ed roztok a pot\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed d\u016fkladn\u011b opl\u00e1chn\u011bte \u010distou vodou. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee jsou spln\u011bny standardy kvality \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.3 Proces ochrany pomoc\u00ed maskov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Pokud se nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro selektivn\u00ed nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed povlaku, je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ed nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm povlaku zakr\u00fdt oblasti, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed b\u00fdt pokryty. Pou\u017eijte lepic\u00ed p\u00e1sku, kter\u00e1 nezanech\u00e1v\u00e1 zbytky ani nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed lepidlo. U integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f je t\u0159eba nejprve pou\u017e\u00edt antistatickou pap\u00edrovou p\u00e1sku. V\u0161echny sou\u010d\u00e1stky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zakryty a chr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159esn\u011b podle v\u00fdkresu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.4 Proces odvlh\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Po o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a zakryt\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 desku s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA) p\u0159ed nanesen\u00edm povlaku p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u011b vyp\u00e1lit a odvlh\u010dit. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty, kterou deska s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji snese, zvolte vhodnou teplotu p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho vypalov\u00e1n\u00ed a dobu v\u00fddr\u017ee. T\u00edm se zcela odstran\u00ed vlhkost z desky i z vnit\u0159ku sou\u010d\u00e1stek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5 Hlavn\u00ed metody povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Postup nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed konformn\u00edho povlaku lze flexibiln\u011b zvolit v z\u00e1vislosti na \u00farovni ochrany desky s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA), v\u00fdrobn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a technick\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezi hlavn\u00ed metody pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i typy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.1 Ru\u010dn\u00ed nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed \u0161t\u011btcem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011bru \u0161t\u011btcem m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum pou\u017eit\u00ed. Je vhodn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro v\u00fdrobu mal\u00fdch s\u00e9ri\u00ed, v\u00fdrobky se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi a hust\u00fdmi strukturami desek s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA) a v\u00fdrobky s p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky na maskovac\u00ed ochranu. Umo\u017e\u0148uje vysokou m\u00edru ru\u010dn\u00ed kontroly a umo\u017e\u0148uje velmi p\u0159esn\u011b vyhnout se oblastem, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed b\u00fdt nat\u0159eny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zabra\u0148uje kontaminaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Manual<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Tento proces spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 velmi mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, a proto je vhodn\u00fd pro n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 dvouslo\u017ekov\u00e9 n\u00e1t\u011bry. Vy\u017eaduje vysokou \u00farove\u0148 odborn\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed obsluhy. P\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm pr\u00e1ce mus\u00ed obsluha porozum\u011bt po\u017eadavk\u016fm na n\u00e1t\u011br uveden\u00fdm ve v\u00fdkresu, rozli\u0161it jednotliv\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti, p\u0159esn\u011b zn\u00e1t oblasti, kter\u00e9 se nemaj\u00ed nat\u00edrat, a prov\u00e9st dob\u0159e viditeln\u00e9 zna\u010den\u00ed. B\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho procesu se nesm\u00ed hol\u00fdma rukama dot\u00fdkat poti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1suvn\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed kontaminaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.2 Ru\u010dn\u00ed m\u00e1\u010den\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Povlakov\u00e1n\u00edm m\u00e1\u010den\u00edm lze vytvo\u0159it rovnom\u011brnou, souvislou a \u00faplnou povlakovou vrstvu. Celkov\u00fd v\u00fdsledek povlakov\u00e1n\u00ed je velmi dobr\u00fd. Tato metoda v\u0161ak nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e1 pro v\u00fdrobky typu PCBA, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed nastaviteln\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory, nastaviteln\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 j\u00e1dra, potenciometry, miskovit\u00e1 magnetick\u00e1 j\u00e1dra nebo sou\u010d\u00e1sti se \u0161patn\u00fdm ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 parametry procesu p\u0159i nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed povlaku m\u00e1\u010den\u00edm jsou: p\u0159esn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed viskozity konformn\u00edho povlaku; p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 kontrola rychlosti zved\u00e1n\u00ed desky s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji (PCBA); rychlost zved\u00e1n\u00ed nesm\u00ed p\u0159es\u00e1hnout 1 metr za sekundu, aby se v povlaku netvo\u0159ily bubliny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.3 Ru\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1st\u0159ik<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Tato metoda je vhodn\u00e1 pro v\u00fdrobky se slo\u017eitou strukturou, v mnoha variant\u00e1ch a v mal\u00fdch s\u00e9ri\u00edch, u nich\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 hromadn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba pomoc\u00ed automatizovan\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Dok\u00e1\u017ee velmi dob\u0159e pokr\u00fdt i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed rohy a mezery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pracovn\u00ed pokyny: Rozpra\u0161ovan\u00e1 mlha m\u016f\u017ee snadno zne\u010distit oblasti bez povlaku, jako jsou z\u00e1suvn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f, patice integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f, p\u0159esn\u00e9 kontakty a uzem\u0148ovac\u00ed plochy. Proto je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ed n\u00e1st\u0159ikem prov\u00e9st maskovac\u00ed ochranu. Obsluha se nesm\u00ed dot\u00fdkat poti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch konektor\u016f hol\u00fdma rukama, aby nedo\u0161lo ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kontaktn\u00ed plochy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.4 Automatick\u00e9 n\u00e1st\u0159ikov\u00e9 lakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Tato metoda obvykle vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 selektivn\u00ed automatick\u00e1 lakovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Je vhodn\u00e1 pro velkos\u00e9riovou standardizovanou v\u00fdrobu. Mezi jej\u00ed v\u00fdhody pat\u0159\u00ed dobr\u00e1 rovnom\u011brnost n\u00e1t\u011bru, vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost a men\u0161\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. S modernizac\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed, rostouc\u00edmi mzdov\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady a zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi se ekologick\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy automatick\u00e1 st\u0159\u00edkac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed postupn\u011b nahrazuj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed lakov\u00e1n\u00ed. St\u00e1v\u00e1 se tak hlavn\u00ed metodou v tomto odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Automatic<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1. Process Background As PCBA components become smaller and more dense, the distance between parts and the stand-off height of 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