{"id":2392,"date":"2025-09-04T01:44:37","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T01:44:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=2392"},"modified":"2025-09-26T07:07:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T07:07:14","slug":"hasl-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/da\/pcb-manufacturer\/hasl-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"HASL PCB"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hvad er HASL?<\/strong><\/h2>
HASL st\u00e5r for Hot Air Solder Leveling. Folk kalder det ogs\u00e5 hot air solder leveling eller hot air leveling. I denne proces p\u00e5f\u00f8res smeltet loddemetal (som kan indeholde bly) p\u00e5 printkortets overflade. Derefter bl\u00e6ses varm, komprimeret luft ind for at udj\u00e6vne loddet. Resultatet er en bel\u00e6gning, der beskytter kobberet mod oxidering og giver god loddeevne.<\/div>
N\u00e5r man laver varmluftnivellering, danner loddetin og kobber en intermetallisk forbindelse af kobber og tin, hvor de m\u00f8des. Til processen dyppes printkortet i smeltet loddemetal. Luftknivene bl\u00e6ser det flydende loddemetal fladt, f\u00f8r det afk\u00f8les. Luftknivene sk\u00e6rer loddets meniskform ned p\u00e5 kobberet og forhindrer, at der dannes loddebroer.<\/div>
Den grundl\u00e6ggende id\u00e9 er at bruge varm luft til at fjerne ekstra loddemetal fra printpladens overflade og fra huller. Det, der bliver tilbage, er et ensartet loddelag p\u00e5 puder, udsatte spor og overflademonterede landinger. HASL er en af de mest almindelige metoder til overfladebehandling af printkort.<\/div>

Fordele<\/strong><\/h3>
  1. Efter HASL forbliver sammens\u00e6tningen af loddebel\u00e6gningen den samme. S\u00e5 bel\u00e6gningen er ensartet, og loddeevnen er god. I mods\u00e6tning hertil kan elektropletterede bel\u00e6gninger af bly-tin-legeringer \u00e6ndre sammens\u00e6tning, n\u00e5r pletteringsbadet \u00e6ndres. Det betyder, at bly\/tin-forholdet i de belagte lag kan variere.<\/div><\/li>
  2. Infrar\u00f8de eller hot-oil reflow-metoder beskytter ikke fuldt ud sidekanterne p\u00e5 sporene. HASL overtr\u00e6kker og d\u00e6kker fuldt ud sidekanterne p\u00e5 sporene. Det forhindrer korrosion og \u00f8delagte spor p\u00e5 printkortet. Det betyder, at printpladerne holder l\u00e6ngere under opbevaring og brug, og at de f\u00e6rdige elektroniske produkter er mere p\u00e5lidelige. HASL bruges i vid udstr\u00e6kning i SMT-processer i dag.<\/div><\/li>
  3. Ved at \u00e6ndre luftknivens vinkel, boardets stigningshastighed og andre procesindstillinger kan du kontrollere bel\u00e6gningens tykkelse. Det g\u00f8r det nemt at f\u00e5 den tykkelse p\u00e5 loddelaget, du \u00f8nsker. Det er mere fleksibelt end nogle hotmelt-metoder.<\/div><\/li>
  4. N\u00e5r kort fremstilles ved m\u00f8nsterplettering og \u00e6tsning, kan b\u00f8lgelodning for\u00e5rsage brodannelse, fordi bly\/tin-legeringen sidder p\u00e5 sporene. Legeringsstr\u00f8mmen kan ogs\u00e5 rynke eller l\u00f8fte loddemasken. Kort fremstillet med HASL har ingen loddemetal p\u00e5 sporene, s\u00e5 brodannelse og rynker eller afskalning af masken er elimineret.<\/div><\/li><\/ol>

    Ulemper<\/strong><\/h3>
    1. Kobberforurening af loddekolben. I HASL dyppes printet i loddekolben i flere sekunder. Det f\u00e5r kobber til at opl\u00f8ses i loddetinnet. N\u00e5r kobberet n\u00e5r op p\u00e5 omkring 0,29% eller h\u00f8jere i loddetinnet, mister loddetinnet en vis flydeevne. Loddebel\u00e6gningen bliver halvv\u00e5d, og kortets loddeevne falder.<\/div><\/li>
    2. Bly er et tungmetal, og det er skadeligt for mennesker og milj\u00f8. Mange loddebel\u00e6gninger med bly var almindelige. Nu er der udviklet blyfri loddetin, som s\u00e6lges for at erstatte bly-tin-legeringer i produktionen.<\/div><\/li>
    3. H\u00f8je produktionsomkostninger. En god importeret HASL-maskine kan koste mere end tre hundrede tusinde amerikanske dollars. Det g\u00f8r HASL-produktionsomkostningerne h\u00f8jere end nogle hotmelt-metoder.<\/div><\/li>
    4. Stort termisk chok i HASL. Den store varme\u00e6ndring kan fordreje eller b\u00f8je PCB-substratet, og boardet kan l\u00f8fte sig. Det betyder, at HASL for\u00e5rsager st\u00f8rre termisk stress.<\/div><\/li><\/ol>

      Kontrol og valg af HASL-procesparametre<\/strong><\/h2>
      De vigtigste HASL-procesparametre omfatter loddetemperatur, dyppetid, luftknivtryk, luftknivtemperatur, luftknivvinkel, afstand mellem luftknive og boardets stigningshastighed. Nedenfor er en forklaring p\u00e5, hvordan disse parametre p\u00e5virker printkvaliteten.<\/div>
      1. Dypningstid (neds\u00e6nkningstid):<\/strong>
        Dyppetiden har stor indflydelse p\u00e5 kvaliteten af loddebel\u00e6gningen. N\u00e5r man dypper, danner kobber og tin i loddet en intermetallisk forbindelse (IMC). Samtidig dannes der et loddelag p\u00e5 sporene. Hele denne proces tager normalt 2-4 sekunder for at skabe en god IMC. Jo l\u00e6ngere tid, jo tykkere bliver loddet. Men hvis du dypper for l\u00e6nge, kan kortets kernemateriale delaminere, og loddemasken kan blive bl\u00e6ret. Hvis tiden er for kort, f\u00e5r du delvis befugtning. Det for\u00e5rsager lokal hvidtning af loddeoverfladen og kan g\u00f8re loddeoverfladen ru.<\/div><\/li>
      2. Temperatur p\u00e5 loddekolbe:<\/strong>
        Det almindelige loddetin, der bruges til lodning af printkort og komponenter, er en bly 37\/tin 63-legering, hvis smeltepunkt er 183 \u00b0C. N\u00e5r loddetemperaturen er mellem 183\u00b0C og 221\u00b0C, er dets evne til at danne intermetalliske forbindelser med kobber lille. Ved 221 \u00b0C g\u00e5r loddet ind i befugtningsomr\u00e5det. Befugtningsomr\u00e5det er 221 \u00b0C til 293 \u00b0C. Da h\u00f8je temperaturer kan beskadige printet, b\u00f8r du v\u00e6lge en lavere loddetemperatur i befugtningsomr\u00e5det. Teoretisk arbejde finder 232\u00b0C som den bedste loddetemperatur. I praksis bruges ca. 250 \u00b0C ofte som den bedste temperatur.<\/div><\/li>
      3. Tryk p\u00e5 luftkniven:<\/strong>
        Efter dypningen bliver der meget loddemetal tilbage p\u00e5 pladen, og de fleste gennemg\u00e5ende huller bliver fyldt med loddemetal. Luftknivene er der for at bl\u00e6se ekstra loddetin af og for at \u00e5bne de pletterede gennemg\u00e5ende huller uden at g\u00f8re huldiameteren for lille. Energien til at g\u00f8re det kommer fra luftknivens tryk og lufthastigheden. Jo h\u00f8jere tryk og jo hurtigere luft, jo tyndere bliver loddebel\u00e6gningen. S\u00e5 luftknivtrykket er en af de vigtigste HASL-parametre. Normalt er luftknivtrykket 0,3-0,5 MPa.<\/div>
        Trykket f\u00f8r og efter kniven indstilles normalt, s\u00e5 forsiden er h\u00f8jere og bagsiden er lavere. Trykforskellen er ca. 0,05 MPa. Du kan justere trykket foran og bagp\u00e5 ud fra pad-m\u00f8nstrene p\u00e5 printet for at holde IC-omr\u00e5der flade og undg\u00e5, at SMT-dele stikker op. Tjek maskinens manual for n\u00f8jagtige anbefalede v\u00e6rdier.<\/div><\/li>
      4. Temperatur p\u00e5 luftkniven:<\/strong>
        Varm luft fra luftkniven \u00e6ndrer ikke bordtemperaturen ret meget, og det p\u00e5virker ikke lufttrykket ret meget. Men n\u00e5r man h\u00e6ver luftknivens indre temperatur, hj\u00e6lper det luften med at udvide sig. S\u00e5 ved samme tryk giver h\u00f8jere lufttemperatur en st\u00f8rre luftm\u00e6ngde og hurtigere hastighed. Det giver en st\u00e6rkere udj\u00e6vningskraft. Luftknivens temperatur p\u00e5virker ogs\u00e5 loddets udseende efter nivellering. N\u00e5r luftknivens temperatur er under 93 \u00b0C, ser laget kedeligt ud. N\u00e5r lufttemperaturen stiger, reduceres det kedelige udseende. Ved 176 \u00b0C forsvinder det kedelige udseende helt. S\u00e5 luftknivens temperatur b\u00f8r ikke v\u00e6re under 176 \u00b0C. For at f\u00e5 et godt fladt loddetin indstilles luftknivens temperatur ofte til mellem 300 \u00b0C og 400 \u00b0C.<\/div><\/li>
      5. Afstand mellem luftknivene:<\/strong>
        N\u00e5r den varme luft forlader luftknivens dyse, s\u00e6nkes dens hastighed. Opbremsningen f\u00f8lger kvadratet p\u00e5 afstanden mellem knivene. S\u00e5 jo st\u00f8rre afstanden er, jo lavere er lufthastigheden, og jo svagere er udj\u00e6vningskraften. Typisk afstand mellem luft- og knivdyser er 0,95-1,25 cm. Dyseafstanden m\u00e5 ikke v\u00e6re for lille, da luftfriktion kan skade pladens overflade. Afstanden mellem \u00f8vre og nedre luftknive holdes normalt omkring 4 mm. For stor afstand kan for\u00e5rsage loddespr\u00f8jt.<\/div><\/li>
      6. Luftknivens vinkel:<\/strong>
        Hvordan kniven er vinklet, p\u00e5virker tykkelsen af loddebel\u00e6gningen. Hvis vinklen er forkert, kan de to sider af pladen f\u00e5 forskellig loddetykkelse. Forkert vinkel kan ogs\u00e5 f\u00e5 smeltet loddetin til at spr\u00f8jte og larme. Normalt vippes forreste og bageste luftkniv ca. 4 grader ned. Juster en smule for specifikke kortformer og pad-layout.<\/div><\/li>
      7. Boardets stigningshastighed (transport\u00f8r- eller l\u00f8ftehastighed):<\/strong>
        En anden variabel er den hastighed, hvormed pladen bev\u00e6ger sig gennem luftknivene. Hastigheden p\u00e5virker bel\u00e6gningens tykkelse. Langsom hastighed betyder, at mere luft rammer pladen, s\u00e5 bel\u00e6gningen bliver tyndere. Hurtig hastighed betyder, at bel\u00e6gningen er tykkere og endda kan blokere huller.<\/div><\/li>
      8. Forvarm temperatur og tid:<\/strong>
        Forvarmning har til form\u00e5l at aktivere flux og reducere termisk chok. Den typiske forvarmningstemperatur er 343 \u00b0C. Med 15 sekunders forvarmning kan kortets overflade n\u00e5 op p\u00e5 ca. 80 \u00b0C. Nogle HASL-linjer bruger ikke et forvarmningstrin.<\/div><\/li><\/ol>
        Nedenfor er der en overskuelig tabel, der opsummerer de vigtigste HASL-procesparametre, de anbefalede intervaller og korte noter. Brug den som en hurtig reference, n\u00e5r du s\u00e6tter linjen op eller tester den.<\/div>

        Procesparametre - tabel med anbefalede intervaller<\/strong><\/h4>
        Parameter<\/th>Anbefalet r\u00e6kkevidde<\/th>Enhed<\/th>Bem\u00e6rk<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
        Loddepot-temperatur (bly)<\/strong><\/td>245-260<\/td>\u00b0C<\/td>Almindeligvis 250\u00b0C. For h\u00f8j temperatur kan g\u00f8re pladen sk\u00e6v.<\/td><\/tr>
        Loddepot-temperatur (blyfri)<\/strong><\/td>280-300<\/td>\u00b0C<\/td>Almindelig 290\u00b0C. H\u00f8jere smeltepunkt.<\/td><\/tr>
        Tid til fordybelse<\/strong><\/td>2-4<\/td>s<\/td>For lang \u2192 bobler. For kort \u2192 d\u00e5rlig befugtning.<\/td><\/tr>
        Luftknivens tryk<\/strong><\/td>0.30-0.50<\/td>MPa<\/td>H\u00f8jere \u2192 tyndere bel\u00e6gning. Fronten er lidt h\u00f8jere (\u22480,05 MPa).<\/td><\/tr>
        Luftknivens temperatur<\/strong><\/td>\u2265176; almindelig 300-400<\/td>\u00b0C<\/td>H\u00f8jere \u2192 hurtigere luftstr\u00f8m og bedre nivellering.<\/td><\/tr>
        Mellemrum til luftkniv<\/strong><\/td>0.95-1.25<\/td>cm<\/td>St\u00f8rre mellemrum \u2192 svagere luftstr\u00f8m.<\/td><\/tr>
        Luftknivens vinkel<\/strong><\/td>2\u00b0-6\u00b0 (almindelig 4\u00b0)<\/td>\u00b0<\/td>P\u00e5virker bel\u00e6gningens ensartethed.<\/td><\/tr>
        Forvarmningstemperatur<\/strong><\/td>120-180<\/td>\u00b0C<\/td>Boardets overflade skal v\u00e6re 60-100 \u00b0C.<\/td><\/tr>
        Forvarmningstid<\/strong><\/td>10-30<\/td>s<\/td>Reducerer termisk chok.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
        Brug disse intervaller som udgangspunkt. K\u00f8r derefter testplader og juster en parameter ad gangen. Tjek for mat overflade, brodannelse eller delam. Hvis du ser et problem, skal du \u00e6ndre et element, teste igen og registrere resultatet.<\/div>

        Blyholdig HASL vs. blyfri HASL<\/strong><\/h3>
        Mange mennesker kender til HASL, men de ved m\u00e5ske ikke, at loddetin findes i blyholdige og blyfrie typer. I takt med at elektronikken udvikler sig, bliver PCB-teknologien stadig bedre. Almindelige overfladebehandlinger omfatter HASL, neds\u00e6nket guld, galvaniseret guld, OSP og s\u00e5 videre. HASL findes som blyholdig og blyfri. Her er forskellen:<\/div>
        1. Blyfri HASL er mere milj\u00f8venlig, fordi den ikke indeholder bly. Dets smeltepunkt er omkring 218 \u00b0C. For blyfri HASL skal loddepottens temperatur kontrolleres ved ca. 280-300 \u00b0C; b\u00f8lgeloddetemperaturen skal v\u00e6re ca. 260 \u00b0C; reflow-temperaturen er ca. 260-270 \u00b0C.<\/div><\/li>
        2. Blyholdigt HASL er ikke milj\u00f8venligt. Det indeholder bly, og dets smeltepunkt er ca. 183 \u00b0C. For blyholdig HASL skal loddekolbens temperatur kontrolleres ved ca. 245-260 \u00b0C; b\u00f8lgelodning skal v\u00e6re ca. 250 \u00b0C; reflow-temperatur omkring 245-255 \u00b0C.<\/div><\/li>
        3. Se p\u00e5 loddeoverfladen: Blyholdig HASL ser lysere ud, blyfri HASL ser mere mat ud. Blyfri befugtning er en smule v\u00e6rre end blyholdig befugtning.<\/div><\/li>
        4. Regler for blyindhold: Blyfri lodder har bly under 0,5%, mens blyholdige lodder har bly op til 37%.<\/div><\/li>
        5. Bly hj\u00e6lper med at forbedre loddets v\u00e6ge og aktivitet under lodning. Blyholdig loddetr\u00e5d er nemmere at bruge end blyfri tr\u00e5d. Men bly er giftigt, og langtidseksponering er skadelig for mennesker. Blyfrit loddetin har et h\u00f8jere smeltepunkt, s\u00e5 loddesamlingerne kan blive st\u00e6rkere.<\/div><\/li>
        6. N\u00e5r det g\u00e6lder priser p\u00e5 PCB-overfladebehandling, koster blyholdig HASL og blyfri HASL normalt det samme. I de fleste tilf\u00e6lde er der ingen prisforskel.<\/div><\/li><\/ol>

          Hvordan kan man se, om et printkort har blyholdig eller blyfri HASL?<\/strong><\/h3>
          1. Se p\u00e5 loddets overflade. Blyholdigt loddetin ser lyst og skinnende ud. Blyfrit loddetin (SAC-legeringer) ser mere mat ud. Blyfri befugtning er lidt v\u00e6rre end blyholdig.<\/div><\/li>
          2. Blyholdigt loddetin er skadeligt for mennesker. Blyfrit er mere sikkert. Den eutektiske temperatur afh\u00e6nger af den blyfri legering. For eksempel er SAC (SnAgCu) eutektisk n\u00e6r 217 \u00b0C, og loddetemperaturen b\u00f8r v\u00e6re eutektisk plus 30-50 \u00b0C. For blyholdigt eutektisk materiale (Sn63Pb37) er den eutektiske temperatur 183 \u00b0C.<\/div><\/li>
          3. Blyindhold: blyfri lodder har bly \u2264 0,5%, blyholdige kan have ca. 37% bly.<\/div><\/li>
          4. Bly \u00f8ger loddeaktiviteten, s\u00e5 blyholdigt loddetin er nemmere at bruge til lodning. Men bly er giftigt og d\u00e5rligt for helbredet. Blyfrit loddetin har ogs\u00e5 et h\u00f8jere smeltepunkt, hvilket kan g\u00f8re loddesamlingerne mekanisk st\u00e6rkere.<\/div><\/li><\/ol>

            Sammenfatning<\/strong><\/h2>
            HASL er en almindelig og gennempr\u00f8vet PCB-finish. Det beskytter kobberet og giver god loddeevne. HASL har fordele og ulemper. Det d\u00e6kker sporkanter og \u00f8ger p\u00e5lideligheden, men det kan \u00f8ge den termiske belastning og omkostningerne. De vigtigste indstillinger er loddetemperatur, dyppetid, luft-knivtryk, lufttemperatur, knivvinkel og printpladehastighed. Brug tabellen som vejledning. Test og juster for hver printkorttype. Brug blyfri legeringer, n\u00e5r regler eller sikkerhed kr\u00e6ver det.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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            Ofte stillede sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHvorfor v\u00e6lge HASL til mit printkort?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            HASL giver fremragende loddeevne, t\u00e5ler flere termiske cyklusser og er en af de mest omkostningseffektive overfladebehandlinger til standard SMT- og gennemg\u00e5ende hulmontering.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHvad er de st\u00f8rste ulemper ved HASL?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            HASL kan give en uj\u00e6vn overflade (d\u00e5rlig planaritet) sammenlignet med plane overflader, hvilket g\u00f8r den mindre ideel til komponenter med meget fin pitch og nogle BGA'er.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHvordan er HASL sammenlignet med ENIG?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            HASL er billigere og giver robuste loddesamlinger, men ENIG giver en meget fladere og mere ensartet overflade (bedre til fine-pitch\/BGA og planare krav). V\u00e6lg ud fra komponenth\u00f8jde og behov for stik\/mating.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

            \n\t\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEr HASL velegnet til SMD'er og BGA'er med fin pitch?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            Generelt ikke det f\u00f8rste valg til meget fin pitch (<0,5 mm) eller t\u00e6tte BGA'er p\u00e5 grund af overfladetopografien; mange designere foretr\u00e6kker ENIG eller andre plane overflader i disse tilf\u00e6lde.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

            \n\t\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00d8ger HASL leveringstiden eller omkostningerne?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            HASL er normalt en af de billigere overfladebehandlinger og er hurtig at p\u00e5f\u00f8re, men blyfri HASL kan kr\u00e6ve strammere proceskontrol og en lidt anden h\u00e5ndtering - sp\u00f8rg din producent om indvirkningen p\u00e5 leveringstiden.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

            \n\t\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHvad skal jeg skrive i mine produktionsnoter, n\u00e5r jeg anmoder om HASL?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            Angiv, om du vil have blyfri (RoHS) eller traditionel SnPb HASL, eventuelle s\u00e6rlige pad-omr\u00e5der eller fine-pitch-problemer, og bed om fabrikkens DFM-feedback om minimum pad-til-pad-afstande og planaritetsgr\u00e6nser.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            What is HASL? HASL stands for Hot Air Solder Leveling. People also call it hot air solder leveling or hot […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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            What is HASL?<\\\/strong><\\\/h2>
            HASL stands for Hot Air Solder Leveling. People also call it hot air solder leveling or hot air leveling. In this process, molten solder (which can contain lead) is applied to the PCB surface. Then hot, compressed air is blown to level the solder. The result is a coating that protects copper from oxidation and gives good solderability.<\\\/div>
            When you do hot air leveling, solder and copper form a copper-tin intermetallic compound where they join. For the process, the PCB is dipped into molten solder. The air knives blow the liquid solder flat before it cools. The air knives cut down the meniscus shape of solder on copper and stop solder bridges from forming.<\\\/div>
            The basic idea is to use hot air to remove extra solder from the board surface and from holes. What stays is a uniform solder layer on pads, exposed traces, and surface mount lands. HASL is one of the common PCB surface finish methods.<\\\/div>

            Advantages<\\\/strong><\\\/h3>
            1. After HASL, the composition of the solder coating stays the same. So the coating is consistent and solderability is good. By contrast, electroplated lead-tin alloy coatings can change composition as the plating bath changes. That means the lead\\\/tin ratio in plated layers can vary.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
            2. Infrared or hot-oil reflow methods do not fully protect the side edges of traces. HASL coats and fully covers the side edges of traces. This prevents corrosion and broken traces on the PCB. That means boards last longer in storage and use, and the finished electronic products are more reliable. HASL is widely used in SMT processes today.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
            3. By changing the air-knife angle, the board rise speed, and other process settings, you can control coating thickness. That makes it easy to get the solder layer thickness you want. It is more flexible than some hot-melt methods.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
            4. When boards are made by pattern plating and etching, wave soldering can cause bridging because lead\\\/tin alloy sits on traces. The alloy flow can also wrinkle or lift solder mask. Boards made with HASL have no solder on traces, so bridging and mask wrinkling or peeling are eliminated.<\\\/div><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

              Disadvantages<\\\/strong><\\\/h3>
              1. Copper contamination of the solder pot. In HASL the board is dipped in the solder pot for several seconds. That causes copper to dissolve into the solder. When copper reaches about 0.29% or higher in the solder, the solder loses some flow ability. The solder coating becomes semi-wetting and the board solderability drops.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
              2. Lead is a heavy metal and it is harmful to people and to the environment. Many solder coatings with lead were common. Now lead-free solders have been developed and are sold to replace lead-tin alloys in production.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
              3. High production cost. A good imported HASL machine can cost more than three hundred thousand US dollars. This makes HASL production cost higher than some hot-melt methods.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
              4. Large thermal shock in HASL. The big heat change can warp or bow the PCB substrate and the board can lift. That means HASL causes larger thermal stress.<\\\/div><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                Control and choice of HASL process parameters<\\\/strong><\\\/h2>
                The main HASL process parameters include solder temperature, dip time, air-knife pressure, air-knife temperature, air-knife angle, distance between air knives, and board rise speed. Below is an explanation of how these parameters affect board quality.<\\\/div>
                1. Dip time (immersion time):<\\\/strong>
                  Dip time has a big effect on solder coating quality. In dipping, the base copper and the tin in the solder form an intermetallic compound (IMC). At the same time a solder layer forms on traces. This whole process usually needs 2\\u20134 seconds to make good IMC. The longer the time, the thicker the solder. But if you dip too long, the board core material can delaminate and the solder mask can blister. If time is too short, you get partial wetting. That causes local whitening of the solder surface and can make the solder surface rough.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                2. Solder pot temperature:<\\\/strong>
                  The common solder used for soldering PCBs and components is lead 37 \\\/ tin 63 alloy, whose melting point is 183\\u00b0C. When the solder temp is between 183\\u00b0C and 221\\u00b0C, its ability to form intermetallic compounds with copper is small. At 221\\u00b0C the solder enters the wetting range. The wetting range is 221\\u00b0C to 293\\u00b0C. Because high temperature can damage the board, you should pick a lower solder temp in the wetting range. Theoretical work finds 232\\u00b0C as the best solder temperature. In practice, about 250\\u00b0C is often used as the best temperature.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                3. Air-knife pressure:<\\\/strong>
                  After dipping, a lot of solder stays on the board and most plated through holes get filled with solder. The air knives are there to blow off extra solder and to open up the plated through holes without making hole diameters too small. The energy to do that comes from air-knife pressure and air speed. The higher the pressure and the faster the air, the thinner the solder coating. So air-knife pressure is one of the most important HASL parameters. Usually air-knife pressure is 0.3\\u20130.5 MPa.<\\\/div>
                  Pressure before and after the knife is usually set so the front is higher and the back is lower. The pressure difference is about 0.05 MPa. You can adjust front and back pressure based on pad patterns on the board to keep IC areas flat and to avoid SMT parts from sticking up. Check the machine manual for exact recommended values.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                4. Air-knife temperature:<\\\/strong>
                  Hot air from the air knife does not change board temperature much and it does not affect air pressure much. But raising air-knife internal temperature helps air expand. So at the same pressure, higher air temperature gives a larger air volume and faster speed. That makes stronger leveling force. Air-knife temperature also affects the appearance of the solder after leveling. When air-knife temp is below 93\\u00b0C, the layer looks dull. As air temp rises, the dull look reduces. At 176\\u00b0C the dull look goes away completely. So the air-knife temperature should not be below 176\\u00b0C. To get good flat solder, air-knife temp is often set between 300\\u00b0C and 400\\u00b0C.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                5. Distance between air knives:<\\\/strong>
                  When hot air leaves the air-knife nozzle, its speed slows down. The slowdown goes with the square of the distance between knives. So the larger the gap, the lower the air speed, and the weaker the leveling force. Typical air-knife nozzle spacing is 0.95\\u20131.25 cm. Do not make the nozzle spacing too small, or air friction can harm the board surface. The gap between upper and lower air knives is usually kept around 4 mm. Too large a gap can cause solder splatter.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                6. Air-knife angle:<\\\/strong>
                  How the knife is angled affects solder coating thickness. If the angle is wrong, the two sides of the board can get different solder thickness. Wrong angle can also cause molten solder to splatter and make noise. Usually front and back air-knives are tilted down about 4 degrees. Adjust slightly for specific board shapes and pad layout.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                7. Board rise speed (conveyor or lift speed):<\\\/strong>
                  Another variable is the speed at which the board moves through the air knives. Speed affects coating thickness. Slow speed means more air hits the board so the coating is thinner. Fast speed means the coating is thicker and can even block holes.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                8. Preheat temperature and time:<\\\/strong>
                  Preheat aims to activate flux and reduce thermal shock. Typical preheat temperature listed is 343\\u00b0C. With 15 seconds preheat, board surface can reach about 80\\u00b0C. Some HASL lines do not use a preheat step.<\\\/div><\\\/li><\\\/ol>
                  Below is a clear table that sums up the key HASL process parameters, the recommended ranges, and short notes. Use it as a quick reference when you set up or test the line.<\\\/div>

                  Process parameters \\u2014 table with recommended ranges<\\\/strong><\\\/h4>
                  Parameter<\\\/th>Recommended Range<\\\/th>Unit<\\\/th>Note<\\\/th><\\\/tr><\\\/thead>
                  Solder Pot Temp (Lead)<\\\/strong><\\\/td>245\\u2013260<\\\/td>\\u00b0C<\\\/td>Common 250\\u00b0C. Too high may warp board.<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                  Solder Pot Temp (Lead-Free)<\\\/strong><\\\/td>280\\u2013300<\\\/td>\\u00b0C<\\\/td>Common 290\\u00b0C. Higher melting point.<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                  Immersion Time<\\\/strong><\\\/td>2\\u20134<\\\/td>s<\\\/td>Too long \\u2192 bubbling. Too short \\u2192 poor wetting.<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                  Air Knife Pressure<\\\/strong><\\\/td>0.30\\u20130.50<\\\/td>MPa<\\\/td>Higher \\u2192 thinner coating. Front slightly higher (\\u22480.05 MPa).<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                  Air Knife Temp<\\\/strong><\\\/td>\\u2265176; common 300\\u2013400<\\\/td>\\u00b0C<\\\/td>Higher \\u2192 faster air flow and better leveling.<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                  Air Knife Gap<\\\/strong><\\\/td>0.95\\u20131.25<\\\/td>cm<\\\/td>Larger gap \\u2192 weaker airflow.<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                  Air Knife Angle<\\\/strong><\\\/td>2\\u00b0\\u20136\\u00b0 (common 4\\u00b0)<\\\/td>\\u00b0<\\\/td>Affects coating evenness.<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                  Preheat Temp<\\\/strong><\\\/td>120\\u2013180<\\\/td>\\u00b0C<\\\/td>Board surface target 60\\u2013100\\u00b0C.<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                  Preheat Time<\\\/strong><\\\/td>10\\u201330<\\\/td>s<\\\/td>Reduces thermal shock.<\\\/td><\\\/tr><\\\/tbody><\\\/table>
                  Use these ranges as starting points. Then run test boards and tune one parameter at a time. Check for dull surface, bridging, or delam. If you see a problem, change one item, test again, and record the result.<\\\/div>

                  Leaded HASL vs lead-free HASL<\\\/strong><\\\/h3>
                  Many people know about HASL, but they may not know solders come in leaded and lead-free types. As electronics evolve, PCB technology keeps improving. Common surface finishes include HASL, immersion gold, electroplated gold, OSP, and so on. HASL comes as leaded and lead-free. Here\\u2019s the difference:<\\\/div>
                  1. Lead-free HASL is more eco-friendly because it does not contain lead. Its melting point is around 218\\u00b0C. For lead-free HASL, the solder pot temperature needs to be controlled at about 280\\u2013300\\u00b0C; wave solder temperature should be around 260\\u00b0C; reflow temperature is about 260\\u2013270\\u00b0C.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                  2. Leaded HASL is not eco-friendly. It contains lead and its melting point is about 183\\u00b0C. For leaded HASL the solder pot temperature should be controlled at about 245\\u2013260\\u00b0C; wave solder should be about 250\\u00b0C; reflow temp around 245\\u2013255\\u00b0C.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                  3. Look at the solder surface: leaded HASL looks brighter, lead-free HASL looks duller. Lead-free wetting is a bit worse than leaded wetting.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                  4. Lead content rules: lead-free solders have lead below 0.5% while leaded solders have lead up to 37%.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                  5. Lead helps improve solder wick and activity during soldering. Leaded solder wire is easier to use compared to lead-free wire. But lead is toxic and long-term exposure is bad for people. Lead-free solder has a higher melting point so solder joints can be stronger.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                  6. For PCB surface finish pricing, leaded HASL and lead-free HASL usually cost the same. There is no price difference in most cases.<\\\/div><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                    How to tell if a PCB has leaded or lead-free HASL?<\\\/strong><\\\/h3>
                    1. Look at the solder surface. Leaden solder looks bright and shiny. Lead-free solder (SAC alloys) looks more dull. Lead-free wetting is a bit worse than leaded.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                    2. Leaded solder is harmful to people. Lead-free is safer. The eutectic temperature depends on the lead-free alloy. For example, SAC (SnAgCu) eutectic is near 217\\u00b0C, and soldering temp should be eutectic plus 30\\u201350\\u00b0C. For leaded eutectic (Sn63Pb37), eutectic temp is 183\\u00b0C.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                    3. Lead content: lead-free solders have lead \\u2264 0.5%, leaded can have about 37% lead.<\\\/div><\\\/li>
                    4. Lead raises solder activity so leaded solder is easier to use in soldering. But lead is toxic and bad for health. Also lead-free solder has a higher melting point, which can make solder joints mechanically stronger.<\\\/div><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                      Summary<\\\/strong><\\\/h2>
                      HASL is a common and proven PCB finish. It protects copper and gives good solderability. HASL has pros and cons. It covers trace edges and helps reliability, but it may add thermal stress and cost. Key settings are solder temp, dip time, air-knife pressure, air temp, knife angle, and board speed. Use the table as a guide. Test and tune for each board type. Use lead-free alloys when rules or safety need it.<\\\/div>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"e82071e\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"ow9bnww\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"gap\":\"no\",\"content_position\":\"top\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"background_position\":\"bottom center\",\"background_attachment\":\"scroll\",\"background_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"background_size\":\"cover\",\"background_size_mobile\":\"cover\",\"background_overlay_background\":\"classic\",\"background_overlay_color_b\":\"rgba(255,255,255,0)\",\"background_overlay_opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"120\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"80\",\"right\":\"40\",\"bottom\":\"80\",\"left\":\"40\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"25\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"25\",\"isLinked\":false},\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"4f85910\"}],\"margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":0,\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":0,\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"7882748\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null,\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"space_between_widgets\":40,\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"6a94063\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9fc6712\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Frequently Asked Questions\",\"align\":\"center\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"d6b2704\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"631b990\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"tab_title\":\"Why choose HASL for my PCB?\",\"tab_content\":\"

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is lower. The pressure difference is about 0.05 MPa. You can adjust front and back pressure based on pad patterns on the board to keep IC areas flat and to avoid SMT parts from sticking up. Check the machine manual for exact recommended values.<\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\"><strong>Air-knife temperature:<\/strong><br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>Hot air from the air knife does not change board temperature much and it does not affect air pressure much. But raising air-knife internal temperature helps air expand. So at the same pressure, higher air temperature gives a larger air volume and faster speed. That makes stronger leveling force. Air-knife temperature also affects the appearance of the solder after leveling. When air-knife temp is below 93\u00b0C, the layer looks dull. As air temp rises, the dull look reduces. At 176\u00b0C the dull look goes away completely. So the air-knife temperature should not be below 176\u00b0C. To get good flat solder, air-knife temp is often set between 300\u00b0C and 400\u00b0C.<\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\"><strong>Distance between air knives:<\/strong><br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>When hot air leaves the air-knife nozzle, its speed slows down. The slowdown goes with the square of the distance between knives. So the larger the gap, the lower the air speed, and the weaker the leveling force. Typical air-knife nozzle spacing is 0.95\u20131.25 cm. Do not make the nozzle spacing too small, or air friction can harm the board surface. The gap between upper and lower air knives is usually kept around 4 mm. Too large a gap can cause solder splatter.<\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\"><strong>Air-knife angle:<\/strong><br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>How the knife is angled affects solder coating thickness. If the angle is wrong, the two sides of the board can get different solder thickness. Wrong angle can also cause molten solder to splatter and make noise. Usually front and back air-knives are tilted down about 4 degrees. Adjust slightly for specific board shapes and pad layout.<\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\"><strong>Board rise speed (conveyor or lift speed):<\/strong><br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>Another variable is the speed at which the board moves through the air knives. Speed affects coating thickness. Slow speed means more air hits the board so the coating is thinner. Fast speed means the coating is thicker and can even block holes.<\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\"><strong>Preheat temperature and time:<\/strong><br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>Preheat aims to activate flux and reduce thermal shock. Typical preheat temperature listed is 343\u00b0C. With 15 seconds preheat, board surface can reach about 80\u00b0C. Some HASL lines do not use a preheat step.<\/div><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Below is a clear table that sums up the key HASL process parameters, the recommended ranges, and short notes. Use it as a quick reference when you set up or test the line.<\/div><h4 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><strong>Process parameters \u2014 table with recommended ranges<\/strong><\/h4><table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"916\"><thead data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"158\"><tr data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"158\"><th data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"122\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Parameter<\/th><th data-start=\"122\" data-end=\"142\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Recommended Range<\/th><th data-start=\"142\" data-end=\"150\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Unit<\/th><th data-start=\"150\" data-end=\"158\" data-col-size=\"md\">Note<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody data-start=\"179\" data-end=\"916\"><tr data-start=\"179\" data-end=\"265\"><td data-start=\"179\" data-end=\"208\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"181\" data-end=\"207\">Solder Pot Temp (Lead)<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"208\" data-end=\"218\" data-col-size=\"sm\">245\u2013260<\/td><td data-start=\"218\" data-end=\"223\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u00b0C<\/td><td data-start=\"223\" data-end=\"265\" data-col-size=\"md\">Common 250\u00b0C. Too high may warp board.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"266\" data-end=\"354\"><td data-start=\"266\" data-end=\"300\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"268\" data-end=\"299\">Solder Pot Temp (Lead-Free)<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"300\" data-end=\"310\" data-col-size=\"sm\">280\u2013300<\/td><td data-start=\"310\" data-end=\"315\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u00b0C<\/td><td data-start=\"315\" data-end=\"354\" data-col-size=\"md\">Common 290\u00b0C. Higher melting point.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"355\" data-end=\"436\"><td data-start=\"355\" data-end=\"376\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"357\" data-end=\"375\">Immersion Time<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"382\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2\u20134<\/td><td data-start=\"382\" data-end=\"386\" data-col-size=\"sm\">s<\/td><td data-start=\"386\" data-end=\"436\" data-col-size=\"md\">Too long \u2192 bubbling. Too short \u2192 poor wetting.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"437\" data-end=\"544\"><td data-start=\"437\" data-end=\"462\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"461\">Air Knife Pressure<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"462\" data-end=\"474\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.30\u20130.50<\/td><td data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"480\" data-col-size=\"sm\">MPa<\/td><td data-start=\"480\" data-end=\"544\" data-col-size=\"md\">Higher \u2192 thinner coating. Front slightly higher (\u22480.05 MPa).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"643\"><td data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"566\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"547\" data-end=\"565\">Air Knife Temp<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"566\" data-end=\"589\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2265176; common 300\u2013400<\/td><td data-start=\"589\" data-end=\"594\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u00b0C<\/td><td data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"643\" data-col-size=\"md\">Higher \u2192 faster air flow and better leveling.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"644\" data-end=\"713\"><td data-start=\"644\" data-end=\"664\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"646\" data-end=\"663\">Air Knife Gap<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"676\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.95\u20131.25<\/td><td data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"681\" data-col-size=\"sm\">cm<\/td><td data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"713\" data-col-size=\"md\">Larger gap \u2192 weaker airflow.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"714\" data-end=\"789\"><td data-start=\"714\" data-end=\"736\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"716\" data-end=\"735\">Air Knife Angle<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"736\" data-end=\"756\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2\u00b0\u20136\u00b0 (common 4\u00b0)<\/td><td data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"760\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u00b0<\/td><td data-start=\"760\" data-end=\"789\" data-col-size=\"md\">Affects coating evenness.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"790\" data-end=\"858\"><td data-start=\"790\" data-end=\"809\" data-col-size=\"s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                      Frequently Asked Questions<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t
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                      \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tWhy choose HASL for my PCB?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

                      HASL provides excellent solderability, tolerates multiple thermal cycles, and is one of the most cost-effective surface finishes for standard SMT and through-hole assembly.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

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                      \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tWhat are the main downsides of HASL?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

                      HASL can produce an uneven surface (poor planarity) compared with planar finishes, making it less ideal for very fine-pitch components and some BGAs.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

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                      \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tHow does HASL compare with ENIG?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

                      HASL is cheaper and gives robust solder joints, but ENIG offers a much flatter, more uniform surface (better for fine-pitch\\\/BGA and planar requirements). Choose based on component pitch and connector\\\/mating needs.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

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                      \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tIs HASL suitable for fine-pitch SMD and BGAs?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

                      Generally not the first choice for very fine pitch (<0.5 mm) or dense BGAs because of surface topography; many designers prefer ENIG or other planar finishes for those cases.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

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                      HASL is usually one of the lower-cost finishes and is fast to apply, but lead-free HASL may require tighter process control and slightly different handling\\u2014ask your fab for lead-time impacts.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

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                      \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tWhat should I include in fabrication notes when requesting HASL?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

                      Specify whether you want lead-free (RoHS) or traditional SnPb HASL, any special pad area or fine-pitch concerns, and request the fab\\u2019s DFM feedback about minimum pad-to-pad clearances and planarity limits.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/section>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:30170:\".uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media(max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media(max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) 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