{"id":2428,"date":"2025-09-08T03:12:45","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T03:12:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=2428"},"modified":"2025-09-26T02:56:54","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T02:56:54","slug":"impedance-control-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/da\/pcb-manufacturer\/impedance-control-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"Impedans PCB'er - optimer signalintegriteten"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hvad er PCB Impedance Control?<\/h2>

PCB-impedansstyring betyder at kontrollere impedansen af spor. Denne impedans kaldes ogs\u00e5 kontrolleret impedans. Kontrolleret impedans er den karakteristiske impedans for en transmissionslinje, der er dannet af PCB-baner og deres referenceplaner. N\u00e5r h\u00f8jfrekvente signaler bev\u00e6ger sig p\u00e5 PCB-transmissionslinjer, betyder det noget. Kontrolleret impedans er vigtig for at l\u00f8se problemer med signalintegritet. Signalintegritet betyder, at signalet bev\u00e6ger sig uden forvr\u00e6ngning.<\/p>

Kredsl\u00f8bsimpedansen bestemmes af PCB'ets fysiske st\u00f8rrelse og det dielektriske materiale. Den m\u00e5les i ohm (\u03a9). Typer af PCB-transmissionslinjer, der har brug for impedanskontrol, omfatter single-ended microstrip, single-ended stripline, differential microstrip pair, differential stripline pair, embedded microstrip og coplanar (single-ended og differential).<\/p>

Almindelige metoder til at opn\u00e5 impedansstyring<\/h2>

1. Brug PCB-lagstruktur<\/h3>

PCB-designere kan bruge kortets lagstabel til at styre impedansen. Placer forskellige signallag p\u00e5 forskellige positioner for at kontrollere kapacitans og induktans mellem lagene. Normalt bruger de indre lag h\u00f8jere impedans, og de ydre lag bruger lavere impedans for at reducere refleksion og krydstale.<\/p>

2. Brug differentielle signallinjer<\/h3>

Differentielle par giver bedre st\u00f8jafvisning og lavere risiko for krydstale. Et differentielt par er to parallelle ledere. Deres sp\u00e6ndinger er lige store og har modsatrettet polaritet. Differentielle par giver bedre signalintegritet og st\u00f8jmodstand. Impedansen for et differentielt par styres af afstanden, sporbredden og jordplanets layout.<\/p>

3. Kontrolsporets geometri<\/h3>

Sporbredde, afstand og layoutgeometri kan ogs\u00e5 styre impedansen. For almindelige mikrostriber s\u00e6nker bredere spor og st\u00f8rre afstand impedansen. For koaksiale strukturer h\u00e6ver en mindre indre leder og en st\u00f8rre ydre lederradius impedansen. V\u00e6lg banegeometri baseret p\u00e5 m\u00e5limpedans og signalfrekvens.<\/p>

4. V\u00e6lg PCB-materialer<\/h3>

PCB-materialets dielektriske konstant p\u00e5virker impedansen. At v\u00e6lge materialer med stabile dielektriske egenskaber er en del af impedansstyringen. Til h\u00f8jfrekvens- og h\u00f8jhastighedsbrug er almindelige materialer fr4 (glas-epoxy), PTFE (teflon) og RF-laminater.<\/p>

5. Brug simulerings- og designv\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer<\/h3>

Brug simulerings- og designv\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer til at kontrollere og optimere impedansen f\u00f8r det endelige PCB-layout. Disse v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer simulerer kredsl\u00f8bsadf\u00e6rd, signaltab og elektromagnetiske interaktioner. De hj\u00e6lper med at finde de bedste kortparametre. Almindelige v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer omfatter CST Studio Suite, HyperLynx og ADS.<\/p>

Effekter af PCB-produktion p\u00e5 impedans<\/h2>

Sporbredde<\/h3>

Sporbredden p\u00e5virker direkte transmissionslinjens impedans og tab. De fleste gode ingeni\u00f8rer giver printkortproducenten en tolerance for sporbredden med Gerber-filer. Hvis en sporbredde f.eks. er designet som 6,2 mil, og dens impedans er 50 ohm, vil ustabilitet i produktionen, der \u00e6ndrer sporbredden, \u00e6ndre impedansen. Ud fra erfaring med mange fabrikker kan sporbredden variere omkring 10%. Vi kan modellere \u00e6ndringer i sporbredden som en gaussisk fordeling med en standardafvigelse p\u00e5 10%.<\/p>

Tykkelse af kobberfolie\/belagt kobber<\/h3>

I PCB-produkter best\u00e5r kobbertykkelsen af to dele: basiskobbertykkelse og belagt kobbertykkelse. Basiskobber er relativt ensartet, men belagt kobbers ensartethed afh\u00e6nger af fabriksprocessen. Belagt kobber kan variere meget mellem fabrikkerne. Forskellige tykkelser af belagt kobber vil \u00e6ndre sporimpedans og -tab. Impedansen kan variere inden for et lille omr\u00e5de, f.eks. mellem 49,5 og 51 ohm. Sammenlignet med sporbredden har kobbertykkelsen en mindre effekt p\u00e5 impedansen.<\/p>

Dielektrisk tykkelse<\/h3>

Ved fremstilling af printkort kommer \u00e6ndringer i den dielektriske tykkelse fra variationer i r\u00e5materialet, lamineringstryk og limfyldning. Hvis den dielektriske tykkelse \u00e6ndres, \u00e6ndres impedans og tab. I alvorlige tilf\u00e6lde vil transmissionslinjer have stort tab. Impedansen kan variere fra ca. 44 ohm til 54 ohm. Intervallet kan v\u00e6re s\u00e5 bredt som 10 ohm.<\/p>

\u00c6tsningsfaktor<\/h3>

Lederne har en begr\u00e6nset tykkelse. Efter \u00e6tsning er sporene ikke perfekte rektangler. De ligner mere et trapez. Trapezvinklen \u00e6ndrer sig med kobbertykkelsen (inklusive plettering). N\u00e5r kobberet er tyndt, n\u00e6rmer sidev\u00e6gsvinklen sig 90\u00b0. Vinkelst\u00f8rrelsen p\u00e5virker impedansen. N\u00e5r sidev\u00e6ggen f.eks. er 70\u00b0, er impedansen ca. 50 ohm. N\u00e5r vinklen er 90\u00b0, er impedansen ca. 48,37 ohm.<\/p>

Ovenst\u00e5ende test \u00e6ndrer \u00e9n faktor ad gangen. I den virkelige produktion \u00e6ndres flere variabler p\u00e5 \u00e9n gang. Impedansen kan variere fra ca. 40 ohm til 56 ohm. Dette overstiger langt et typisk krav som 50\u03a9 \u00b110%. Under produktionen er der mange parametre, der for\u00e5rsager impedans\u00e6ndringer. For h\u00f8jhastigheds- eller high-end-produkter skal PCB-designet og fremstillingsprocessen n\u00f8je kontrollere alle materialer og trin. Ellers kan der opst\u00e5 uventede problemer med produktet.<\/p>

Impedans og karakteristisk impedans<\/h2>

1. Modstand<\/h3>

N\u00e5r en vekselstr\u00f8m l\u00f8ber i en leder, kaldes den modstand, den m\u00f8der, for impedans (Impedance). Symbolet er Z. Enheden er stadig ohm (\u03a9). Denne modstand adskiller sig fra DC-modstand. I vekselstr\u00f8m er der ud over modstand (R) ogs\u00e5 induktiv reaktans (XL) og kapacitiv reaktans (XC).<\/p>

For at skelne fra j\u00e6vnstr\u00f8msmodstand kalder vi vekselstr\u00f8msmodstand for impedans (Z).<\/p>

Formlen:<\/p>

\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Z<\/span> = \u221a(R\u00b2 + (XL - XC)\u00b2)
\n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

2. Impedans (Z)<\/h3>

Med h\u00f8jere IC-integration og h\u00f8jere signalfrekvens og -hastighed kan signaler p\u00e5 PCB-spor blive p\u00e5virket af selve PCB-sporet. N\u00e5r signalfrekvensen n\u00e5r en gr\u00e6nse, for\u00e5rsager sporet alvorlig signalforvr\u00e6ngning eller -tab. Det viser, at PCB-spor ikke kun b\u00e6rer str\u00f8m, men ogs\u00e5 energi i form af impulser eller firkantb\u00f8lgesignaler.<\/p>

3. Kontrol af karakteristisk impedans (Z0)<\/h3>

Den modstand, et signal m\u00f8der, n\u00e5r det bev\u00e6ger sig, kaldes karakteristisk impedans. Symbolet er Z0.<\/p>

S\u00e5 det er ikke nok kun at fikse \u201c\u00e5ben\u201d, \u201ckort\u201d og tilslutningsmuligheder. For h\u00f8jhastigheds- og h\u00f8jfrekvente transmissionslinjer skal kvaliteten v\u00e6re strengere. Det er ikke nok at best\u00e5 en \u00e5ben\/kortslutningstest eller at have sm\u00e5 defekter. Du skal m\u00e5le Z0 og holde den inden for tolerancen. Hvis ikke, skal kortet skrottes. Lad v\u00e6re med at omarbejde.<\/p>

Signaludbredelse og transmissionslinjer<\/h2>

1. Definition af en signaltransmissionslinje<\/h3>

  1. If\u00f8lge elektromagnetisk teori betyder kortere b\u00f8lgel\u00e6ngde (\u03bb) h\u00f8jere frekvens (f). Deres produkt er lig med lysets hastighed. Det vil sige, at<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

    \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    C<\/span> = \u03bb - f = 3<\/span> \u00d7 10<\/span>^10<\/span> cm\/s
    \n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

    1. Enhver enhed kan have en h\u00f8j signalfrekvens. N\u00e5r signalet bev\u00e6ger sig gennem et PCB-spor, kan det blive langsommere eller forsinket.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

      S\u00e5 kortere sporl\u00e6ngde er bedre.<\/p>

      1. Det hj\u00e6lper at \u00f8ge ledningst\u00e6theden eller reducere ledningsst\u00f8rrelsen. Men n\u00e5r komponentfrekvensen bliver h\u00f8jere, eller pulsperioderne bliver kortere, kan sporl\u00e6ngden n\u00e6rme sig en del af signalets b\u00f8lgel\u00e6ngde. S\u00e5 vil sporet vise tydelig forvr\u00e6ngning.<\/p><\/li>

      2. IPC-2141 paragraf 3.4.4 siger: N\u00e5r en sporl\u00e6ngde n\u00e6rmer sig 1\/7 af signalets b\u00f8lgel\u00e6ngde, behandles sporet som en signaltransmissionslinje.<\/p><\/li>

      3. Et eksempel:<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

        En enhed har signalfrekvensen f = 10 MHz. PCB-sporl\u00e6ngden er 50 cm. Har vi brug for kontrol af den karakteristiske impedans?<\/p>

        Regn det ud:<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
        C = \u03bb - f = 3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s
        \n\u03bb = C \/ f = (3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s) \/ (1 \u00d7 10^7 \/s) = 3000 cm
        \nsporl\u00e6ngde \/ b\u00f8lgel\u00e6ngde = 50 \/ 3000 = 1\/60
        \n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

        Fordi 1\/60 er meget mindre end 1\/7, er dette spor en normal ledning og beh\u00f8ver ikke karakteristisk impedansstyring.<\/p>

        Maxwells ligninger fort\u00e6ller os, at udbredelseshastigheden VS for en sinusb\u00f8lge i et medium h\u00e6nger sammen med lysets hastighed C og den dielektriske konstant \u03b5r:<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
        VS<\/span> = C \/ \u221a\u03b5r
        \n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

        N\u00e5r \u03b5r = 1, er signalhastigheden lig med lysets hastighed = 3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s.<\/p>

        2. Transmissionshastighed og dielektrisk konstant<\/h3>

        Signalhastighed ved 30 MHz for forskellige materialer:<\/p>

        Materiale\/substrat<\/th>Tg (\u00b0C)<\/th>Dielektrisk konstant \u03b5r<\/th>Signalhastighed (m\/\u03bcs)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
        Vakuum<\/td>\/<\/td>1.0<\/td>300.00<\/td><\/tr>
        PTFE (teflon)<\/td>\/<\/td>2.2<\/td>202.26<\/td><\/tr>
        Termoh\u00e6rdende polyphenylenether<\/td>210<\/td>2.5<\/td>189.74<\/td><\/tr>
        Cyanat-ester<\/td>225<\/td>3.0<\/td>173.21<\/td><\/tr>
        PTFE + E-glas<\/td>\/<\/td>2.6<\/td>186.25<\/td><\/tr>
        Cyanatester + glas<\/td>225<\/td>3.7<\/td>155.96<\/td><\/tr>
        Polyimid + glas<\/td>230<\/td>4.5<\/td>141.42<\/td><\/tr>
        Kvarts<\/td>\/<\/td>3.9<\/td>151.98<\/td><\/tr>
        Epoxyglas (fr4)<\/td>130\u00b15<\/td>4.7<\/td>138.38<\/td><\/tr>
        Aluminium<\/td>\/<\/td>9.0<\/td>100.00<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div>

        Tabellen viser: N\u00e5r \u03b5r stiger, falder signalhastigheden i materialet. For at f\u00e5 h\u00f8jere signalhastighed skal du v\u00e6lge h\u00f8jere karakteristisk impedans. For at f\u00e5 h\u00f8jere Z0 skal du v\u00e6lge et materiale med lavere \u03b5r. PTFE har den mindste \u03b5r, s\u00e5 det giver den hurtigste hastighed.<\/p>

        fr4 board bruger epoxyharpiks plus E-glas. Dens \u03b5r er ca. 4,7. Signalhastigheden er 138 m\/\u03bcs. \u00c6ndring af harpikssystemet kan \u00e6ndre \u03b5r.<\/p>

        \u00c5rsager til at kontrollere karakteristisk impedans<\/h2>

        \u00c5rsag 1<\/h3>

        N\u00e5r elektronisk udstyr (computer, kommunikation) k\u00f8rer, sender driveren et signal til modtageren gennem PCB-spor. Sporets karakteristiske impedans Z0 skal matche driverens og modtagerens elektroniske impedans. Hvis de matcher, overf\u00f8res signalenergien fuldst\u00e6ndigt.<\/p>

        \u00c5rsag 2<\/h3>

        Hvis PCB-kvaliteten er d\u00e5rlig, og Z0 er uden for tolerance, vil signalerne reflekteres, spredes, d\u00e6mpes eller forsinkes. I alvorlige tilf\u00e6lde kan signalerne v\u00e6re forkerte, og enheden kan g\u00e5 ned.<\/p>

        \u00c5rsag 3<\/h3>

        Strengt materialevalg og proceskontrol er n\u00f8dvendigt, s\u00e5 flerlagsplade Z0 opfylder kundens specifikationer. Komponenter med h\u00f8jere elektronisk impedans har normalt brug for h\u00f8jere PCB Z0 for at matche. Et flerlagskort med korrekt Z0 er et kvalificeret h\u00f8jhastigheds- eller h\u00f8jfrekvensprodukt.<\/p>

        Forholdet mellem Z0 og materiale og proces<\/h2>

        Formlen for mikrostripens karakteristiske impedans Z0:<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
        Z0<\/span> = 87<\/span> \/ \u221a\u03b5r + 1.41<\/span> - ln [ 5.98<\/span> H \/ (0.8<\/span> W + T) ]
        \n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

        Hvor?<\/p>

        • \u03b5r - dielektrisk konstant<\/p><\/li>

        • H - dielektrisk tykkelse<\/p><\/li>

        • W - sporbredde<\/p><\/li>

        • T - sporets tykkelse<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

          Lavere \u03b5r g\u00f8r det lettere at h\u00e6ve Z0 for at matche h\u00f8jhastighedskomponenter.<\/p>

          1. Z0 og \u03b5r<\/h3>

          Z0 er omvendt relateret til \u03b5r. Z0 stiger, n\u00e5r H stiger. For h\u00f8jfrekvente linjer med streng Z0 skal tolerancen for dielektrisk tykkelse v\u00e6re streng. Normalt m\u00e5 \u00e6ndringen i dielektrisk tykkelse ikke overstige 10%.<\/p>

          2. Dielektrisk tykkelseseffekt<\/h3>

          Med h\u00f8jere rutet\u00e6thed f\u00f8rer st\u00f8rre H til mere elektromagnetisk interferens. N\u00e5r ledert\u00e6theden stiger for h\u00f8jfrekvente og hurtige digitale linjer, skal man reducere den dielektriske tykkelse for at mindske EMI og krydstale eller bruge materialer med lavere \u03b5r.<\/p>

          Af formlen fremg\u00e5r det, at kobbertykkelsen T er en vigtig faktor. St\u00f8rre T s\u00e6nker Z0, men \u00e6ndringen er lille.<\/p>

          3. Effekt af kobbertykkelse<\/h3>

          Tyndere kobber giver h\u00f8jere Z0, men effekten p\u00e5 Z0 er lille. At bruge tyndt kobber hj\u00e6lper med at lave fine spor, og det hj\u00e6lper med at kontrollere Z0 mere end kobbertykkelsesv\u00e6rdien alene.<\/p>

          Ud fra formlen:<\/p>

          \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
          Z0<\/span> = 87<\/span> \/ \u221a\u03b5r + 1.41<\/span> - ln [ 5.98<\/span> H \/ (0.8<\/span> W + T) ]
          \n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

          N\u00e5r W (sporbredde) falder, stiger Z0. \u00c6ndring af bredden har st\u00f8rre indflydelse p\u00e5 Z0 end \u00e6ndring af tykkelsen.<\/p>

          4. Effekt af sporbredde<\/h3>

          Z0 stiger kraftigt, n\u00e5r bredden W bliver smallere. For at kontrollere Z0 skal du kontrollere sporbredden n\u00f8je. I dag har de fleste h\u00f8jfrekvente og h\u00f8jhastigheds digitale spor en bredde p\u00e5 0,10 mm eller 0,13 mm. Traditionelt var breddetolerancen \u00b120%. For ikke-transmissionslinjespor (sporl\u00e6ngde << signalb\u00f8lgel\u00e6ngde \/ 7) kan \u00b120% v\u00e6re fint. Men for Z0-kontrollerede spor kan \u00b120%-breddefejl ikke opfylde kravene. P\u00e5 det tidspunkt overstiger Z0-fejlen ofte \u00b110%.<\/p>

          Et eksempel:<\/p>

          En PCB-mikrostribe har en bredde p\u00e5 100 \u03bcm, en tykkelse p\u00e5 20 \u03bcm og en dielektrisk tykkelse p\u00e5 100 \u03bcm. Antag, at kobbertykkelsen er ensartet. Hvis bredden \u00e6ndres \u00b120%, kan Z0 s\u00e5 opfylde \u00b110%?<\/p>

          Med en formel:<\/p>

          Lad W0 = 100 \u03bcm, W1 = 80 \u03bcm, W2 = 120 \u03bcm, T = 20 \u03bcm, H = 100 \u03bcm. S\u00e5 er Z01 \/ Z02 = 1,20. S\u00e5 Z0 n\u00e5r lige til \u00b110%, ikke inden for \u00b110%. For at f\u00e5 Z0 inden for \u00b110% skal breddevariationen v\u00e6re meget mindre end \u00b120%. For at f\u00e5 Z0 \u2264 \u00b15% skal breddetolerancen v\u00e6re \u2264 \u00b110%.<\/p>

          Det forklarer, hvorfor nogle PTFE-printkort og nogle fr4-printkort kr\u00e6ver en breddetolerance p\u00e5 \u00b10,02 mm. \u00c5rsagen er at kontrollere Z0.<\/p>

          Proceskontrol for karakteristisk impedans<\/h2>

          1. Kontrol og inspektion af filmproduktion<\/strong>
            Hold konstant temperatur og luftfugtighed (21\u00b12\u00b0C, 55\u00b15%), hold et rent rum, og foretag breddeproceskompensation.<\/p><\/li>

          2. Design af panel<\/strong>
            Panelkanterne m\u00e5 ikke v\u00e6re for smalle. G\u00f8r pletteringen ensartet. Brug pseudo-katode i galvaniseringen for at fordele str\u00f8mmen. Tilf\u00f8j en kupon p\u00e5 panelkanten for at teste Z0.<\/p><\/li>

          3. \u00c6tsning<\/strong>
            Styr procesparametrene for at reducere undersk\u00e6ringer. Udf\u00f8r f\u00f8rstegangsinspektion. Reducer resterende kobber, kobbergrater og kobberrester. Kontroll\u00e9r sporbredden, og hold den inden for det kr\u00e6vede omr\u00e5de (\u00b110% eller \u00b10,02 mm).<\/p><\/li>

          4. AOI-inspektion<\/strong>
            I de indre lag skal du finde sporhuller og fremspring. Ved 2 GHz h\u00f8jhastighedssignaler kan selv et hul p\u00e5 0,05 mm medf\u00f8re kassation af kortet. Kontrol af det indre lags bredde og defekter er n\u00f8glen.<\/p><\/li>

          5. Laminering<\/strong>
            Brug vakuumlaminering for at s\u00e6nke trykket og reducere harpiksflowet. Opbevar mere harpiks, fordi harpiks p\u00e5virker \u03b5r. Mere harpiks s\u00e6nker ofte \u03b5r. Kontroll\u00e9r tolerancen for lamineringstykkelsen. Hvis den f\u00e6rdige pladetykkelse er uj\u00e6vn, varierer den dielektriske tykkelse og p\u00e5virker Z0.<\/p><\/li>

          6. V\u00e6lg et godt grundmateriale<\/strong>
            F\u00f8lg n\u00f8je kundens materialemodel. Forkert model betyder forkert \u03b5r, forkert tykkelse. En fuld proces udf\u00f8rt med forkert materiale resulterer stadig i skrot, fordi Z0 afh\u00e6nger st\u00e6rkt af \u03b5r.<\/p><\/li>

          7. Loddemaske (coverlay)<\/strong>
            Loddemasken p\u00e5 kortets overflade kan s\u00e6nke Z0 med 1-3 \u03a9. I teorien b\u00f8r loddemaskens tykkelse ikke v\u00e6re for tyk. I praksis er effekten ikke enorm. F\u00f8r loddemasken har lederoverfladen kontakt med luft (\u03b5r = 1), s\u00e5 den m\u00e5lte Z0 er h\u00f8jere. Efter loddemasken falder Z0 1-3 \u03a9, fordi loddemaskens \u03b5r er ca. 4,0.<\/p><\/li>

          8. Absorption af fugt<\/strong>
            Undg\u00e5 fugtoptagelse i f\u00e6rdige flerlagsplader. Vand har \u03b5r \u2248 75. Fugt for\u00e5rsager stort Z0-fald og ustabilitet.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

            Sammenfatning<\/h2>

            For transmissionslinjer p\u00e5 flerlagskort er almindelige Z0-kontrolomr\u00e5der:<\/p>

            • 50 \u03a9 \u00b110%<\/p><\/li>

            • 75 \u03a9 \u00b110%<\/p><\/li>

            • 28 \u03a9 \u00b110%<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

              For at kontrollere variationen skal du overveje disse fire hovedfaktorer:<\/p>

              1. Sporbredde W<\/p><\/li>

              2. Sporets tykkelse T<\/p><\/li>

              3. Dielektrisk tykkelse H<\/p><\/li>

              4. Dielektrisk konstant \u03b5r<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

                Den st\u00f8rste indflydelse er den dielektriske tykkelse H. Den n\u00e6ste er den dielektriske konstant \u03b5r. Derefter sporbredde W. Den mindste er sporetykkelse T. N\u00e5r man har valgt basismateriale, er \u00e6ndringen i \u03b5r lille. H kan kontrolleres, men varierer stadig. T er lettere at kontrollere. Det er sv\u00e6rt at styre sporbredden W inden for \u00b110%. Sporproblemer som pinholes, huller og buler betyder ogs\u00e5 noget. P\u00e5 mange m\u00e5der er den mest effektive og vigtige metode til at kontrollere Z0 at kontrollere og justere sporbredden pr\u00e6cist.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                What is PCB Impedance Control? PCB impedance control means controlling the impedance of traces. This impedance is also called controlled […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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                What is PCB Impedance Control?<\\\/h2>

                PCB impedance control means controlling the impedance of traces. This impedance is also called controlled impedance. Controlled impedance is the characteristic impedance of a transmission line formed by PCB traces and their reference planes. When high-frequency signals travel on PCB transmission lines, this matters. Controlled impedance is important to solve signal integrity problems. Signal integrity means the signal travels without distortion.<\\\/p>

                The circuit impedance is set by the PCB physical size and the dielectric material. It is measured in ohms (\\u03a9). Types of PCB transmission lines that need impedance control include single-ended microstrip, single-ended stripline, differential microstrip pair, differential stripline pair, embedded microstrip, and coplanar (single-ended and differential).<\\\/p>

                Common methods to achieve impedance control<\\\/h2>

                1. Use PCB layer structure<\\\/h3>

                PCB designers can use the board layer stack to control impedance. Put different signal layers at different positions to control capacitance and inductance between layers. Usually, inner layers use higher impedance choices and outer layers use lower impedance choices to reduce reflection and crosstalk.<\\\/p>

                2. Use differential signal lines<\\\/h3>

                Differential pairs give better noise rejection and lower crosstalk risk. A differential pair is two parallel conductors. Their voltages are equal in size and opposite in polarity. Differential pairs give better signal integrity and noise resistance. The impedance of a differential pair is controlled by the spacing, trace width, and the ground plane layout.<\\\/p>

                3. Control trace geometry<\\\/h3>

                Trace width, spacing, and layout geometry can also control impedance. For common microstrip, wider traces and larger spacing lower impedance. For coaxial type structures, a smaller inner conductor and a larger outer conductor radius raise impedance. Choose trace geometry based on target impedance and signal frequency.<\\\/p>

                4. Choose PCB materials<\\\/h3>

                The dielectric constant of the PCB material affects impedance. Picking materials with stable dielectric properties is part of impedance control. For high frequency and high speed use, common materials are fr4 (glass-epoxy), PTFE (Teflon), and RF laminates.<\\\/p>

                5. Use simulation and design tools<\\\/h3>

                Before final PCB layout, use simulation and design tools to check and optimize impedance. These tools simulate circuit behavior, signal loss, and electromagnetic interactions. They help find the best board parameters. Common tools include CST Studio Suite, HyperLynx, and ADS.<\\\/p>

                Effects of PCB manufacturing on impedance<\\\/h2>

                Trace width<\\\/h3>

                Trace width directly affects transmission line impedance and loss. Most good engineers give the PCB maker a trace width tolerance with Gerber files. For example, if a trace width is designed as 6.2 mil and its impedance is 50 ohm, manufacturing instability that changes the trace width will change impedance. From experience with many factories, trace width may vary about 10%. We can model trace width change as a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 10%.<\\\/p>

                Copper foil \\\/ plated copper thickness<\\\/h3>

                In PCB products, copper thickness has two parts: base copper thickness and plated copper thickness. Base copper is relatively uniform, but plated copper uniformity depends on factory process. Plated copper may vary a lot between factories. Different plated copper thickness will change trace impedance and loss. Impedance may vary in a small range, for example between 49.5 and 51 ohm. Compared with trace width, copper thickness has a smaller effect on impedance.<\\\/p>

                Dielectric thickness<\\\/h3>

                In PCB manufacture, dielectric thickness changes come from raw material variation, lamination pressure, and glue filling. If dielectric thickness changes, impedance and loss will change. In severe cases, transmission lines will have large loss. Impedance may vary from about 44 ohm to 54 ohm. The range can be as wide as 10 ohm.<\\\/p>

                Etch factor<\\\/h3>

                Conductors have finite thickness. After etch, traces are not perfect rectangles. They look closer to a trapezoid. The trapezoid angle changes with copper thickness (including plating). When copper is thin, the sidewall angle approaches 90\\u00b0. The angle size affects impedance. For example, when the sidewall angle is 70\\u00b0, impedance is about 50 ohm. When the angle is 90\\u00b0, impedance is about 48.37 ohm.<\\\/p>

                The above tests change one factor at a time. In real production, multiple variables change at once. Impedance can vary from about 40 ohm to 56 ohm. This far exceeds a typical requirement such as 50\\u03a9 \\u00b110%. During production, many parameters cause impedance change. For high-speed or high-end products, the PCB design and manufacturing process must strictly control every material and step. Otherwise, the product can show unexpected problems.<\\\/p>

                Impedance and characteristic impedance<\\\/h2>

                1. Resistance<\\\/h3>

                When an alternating current flows in a conductor, the opposition it meets is called impedance (Impedance). Symbol is Z. Unit is still ohm (\\u03a9). This opposition differs from DC resistance. In AC, besides resistance (R), there are inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive reactance (XC).<\\\/p>

                To distinguish from DC resistance, call the AC opposition impedance (Z).<\\\/p>

                The formula:<\\\/p>

                \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                Z<\\\/span> = \\u221a(R\\u00b2 + (XL \\u2212 XC)\\u00b2)
                \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                2. Impedance (Z)<\\\/h3>

                With higher IC integration and higher signal frequency and speed, signals on PCB traces can be affected by the PCB trace itself. When signal frequency reaches a limit, the trace causes serious signal distortion or loss. This shows PCB traces carry not just current but energy in the form of pulses or square wave signals.<\\\/p>

                3. Characteristic impedance control (Z0)<\\\/h3>

                The opposition a signal sees when it travels is called characteristic impedance. Symbol is Z0.<\\\/p>

                So, fixing only \\\"open\\\", \\\"short\\\", and connectivity is not enough. For high speed and high frequency transmission lines, quality must be stricter. Passing an open\\\/short test or having small defects is not enough. You must measure Z0 and keep it within tolerance. If not, the board must be scrapped. Do not rework.<\\\/p>

                Signal propagation and transmission lines<\\\/h2>

                1. Definition of a signal transmission line<\\\/h3>

                1. From electromagnetic theory, shorter wavelength (\\u03bb) means higher frequency (f). Their product equals light speed. That is:<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                  \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                  C<\\\/span> = \\u03bb \\u00b7 f = 3<\\\/span> \\u00d7 10<\\\/span>^10<\\\/span> cm\\\/s
                  \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                  1. Any device may have a high signal frequency. After the signal travels through a PCB trace, the signal may slow or be delayed.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                    So, shorter trace length is better.<\\\/p>

                    1. Increasing wiring density or reducing wire size helps. But when component frequency becomes higher or pulse periods shorten, trace length may approach a portion of the signal wavelength. Then the trace will show obvious distortion.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                    2. IPC-2141 clause 3.4.4 says: when a trace length approaches 1\\\/7 of the signal wavelength, the trace is treated as a signal transmission line.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                    3. Example:<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                      A device has signal frequency f = 10 MHz. PCB trace length is 50 cm. Do we need characteristic impedance control?<\\\/p>

                      Compute:<\\\/p>

                      \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                      C = \\u03bb \\u00b7 f = 3 \\u00d7 10^10 cm\\\/s
                      \\n\\u03bb = C \\\/ f = (3 \\u00d7 10^10 cm\\\/s) \\\/ (1 \\u00d7 10^7 \\\/s) = 3000 cm
                      \\ntrace length \\\/ wavelength = 50 \\\/ 3000 = 1\\\/60
                      \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                      Because 1\\\/60 is much less than 1\\\/7, this trace is a normal wire and does not need characteristic impedance control.<\\\/p>

                      Maxwell's equations tell us: the propagation speed VS of a sine wave in a medium relates to light speed C and dielectric constant \\u03b5r as:<\\\/p>

                      \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                      VS<\\\/span> = C \\\/ \\u221a\\u03b5r
                      \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                      When \\u03b5r = 1, signal speed equals light speed = 3 \\u00d7 10^10 cm\\\/s.<\\\/p>

                      2. Transmission speed and dielectric constant<\\\/h3>

                      Signal speed at 30 MHz for different materials:<\\\/p>

                      Material \\\/ Substrate<\\\/th>Tg (\\u00b0C)<\\\/th>Dielectric constant \\u03b5r<\\\/th>Signal speed (m\\\/\\u03bcs)<\\\/th><\\\/tr><\\\/thead>
                      Vacuum<\\\/td>\\\/<\\\/td>1.0<\\\/td>300.00<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      PTFE (Teflon)<\\\/td>\\\/<\\\/td>2.2<\\\/td>202.26<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Thermoset polyphenylene ether<\\\/td>210<\\\/td>2.5<\\\/td>189.74<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Cyanate ester<\\\/td>225<\\\/td>3.0<\\\/td>173.21<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      PTFE + E-glass<\\\/td>\\\/<\\\/td>2.6<\\\/td>186.25<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Cyanate ester + glass<\\\/td>225<\\\/td>3.7<\\\/td>155.96<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Polyimide + glass<\\\/td>230<\\\/td>4.5<\\\/td>141.42<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Quartz<\\\/td>\\\/<\\\/td>3.9<\\\/td>151.98<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Epoxy glass (fr4)<\\\/td>130\\u00b15<\\\/td>4.7<\\\/td>138.38<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Aluminum<\\\/td>\\\/<\\\/td>9.0<\\\/td>100.00<\\\/td><\\\/tr><\\\/tbody><\\\/table><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                      The table shows: as \\u03b5r increases, signal speed in the material decreases. To get higher signal speed, choose higher characteristic impedance. To get higher Z0, choose lower \\u03b5r material. PTFE has the smallest \\u03b5r, so it gives the fastest speed.<\\\/p>

                      fr4 board uses epoxy resin plus E-glass. Its \\u03b5r is about 4.7. Signal speed is 138 m\\\/\\u03bcs. Changing the resin system can change \\u03b5r.<\\\/p>

                      Reasons to control characteristic impedance<\\\/h2>

                      Reason 1<\\\/h3>

                      When electronic equipment (computer, communications) runs, the driver sends a signal to the receiver through PCB traces. The characteristic impedance Z0 of the trace must match the driver and receiver electronic impedance. If matched, the signal energy transmits completely.<\\\/p>

                      Reason 2<\\\/h3>

                      If PCB quality is bad and Z0 is out of tolerance, signals will reflect, dissipate, attenuate, or delay. In severe cases, signals can be wrong and the device can crash.<\\\/p>

                      Reason 3<\\\/h3>

                      Strict material selection and process control are needed so multilayer board Z0 meets customer specs. Higher electronic impedance components usually need higher PCB Z0 to match. A multilayer board with correct Z0 is a qualified high-speed or high-frequency product.<\\\/p>

                      Relationship of Z0 to material and process<\\\/h2>

                      The microstrip characteristic impedance Z0 formula:<\\\/p>

                      \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                      Z0<\\\/span> = 87<\\\/span> \\\/ \\u221a\\u03b5r + 1.41<\\\/span> \\u00b7 ln [ 5.98<\\\/span> H \\\/ (0.8<\\\/span> W + T) ]
                      \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                      Where:<\\\/p>

                      • \\u03b5r \\u2014 dielectric constant<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      • H \\u2014 dielectric thickness<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      • W \\u2014 trace width<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      • T \\u2014 trace thickness<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                        Lower \\u03b5r makes it easier to raise Z0 to match high-speed components.<\\\/p>

                        1. Z0 and \\u03b5r<\\\/h3>

                        Z0 is inversely related to \\u03b5r. Z0 increases as H increases. For strict Z0 high-frequency lines, dielectric thickness tolerance must be strict. Usually dielectric thickness change must not exceed 10%.<\\\/p>

                        2. Dielectric thickness effect<\\\/h3>

                        With higher routing density, larger H leads to more electromagnetic interference. For high-frequency and high-speed digital lines, as conductor density rises, reduce dielectric thickness to lower EMI and crosstalk, or use materials with lower \\u03b5r.<\\\/p>

                        From the formula, copper thickness T is an important factor. Larger T lowers Z0, but the change is small.<\\\/p>

                        3. Copper thickness effect<\\\/h3>

                        Thinner copper gives higher Z0, but its effect on Z0 is small. Using thin copper helps make fine traces and this helps control Z0 more than the copper thickness value alone.<\\\/p>

                        From the formula:<\\\/p>

                        \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                        Z0<\\\/span> = 87<\\\/span> \\\/ \\u221a\\u03b5r + 1.41<\\\/span> \\u00b7 ln [ 5.98<\\\/span> H \\\/ (0.8<\\\/span> W + T) ]
                        \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                        As W (trace width) decreases, Z0 increases. Changing width has a larger impact on Z0 than changing thickness.<\\\/p>

                        4. Trace width effect<\\\/h3>

                        Z0 increases sharply as width W narrows. To control Z0, control trace width tightly. Today most high-frequency and high-speed digital traces have widths like 0.10 mm or 0.13 mm. Traditionally, width tolerance was \\u00b120%. For non-transmission line traces (trace length << signal wavelength \\\/ 7), \\u00b120% may be fine. But for Z0 controlled traces, \\u00b120% width error cannot meet requirements. At that point Z0 error often exceeds \\u00b110%.<\\\/p>

                        Example:<\\\/p>

                        A PCB microstrip has width 100 \\u03bcm, thickness 20 \\u03bcm, dielectric thickness 100 \\u03bcm. Assume copper thickness is uniform. If width changes \\u00b120%, can Z0 meet \\u00b110%?<\\\/p>

                        By formula:<\\\/p>

                        Let W0 = 100 \\u03bcm, W1 = 80 \\u03bcm, W2 = 120 \\u03bcm, T = 20 \\u03bcm, H = 100 \\u03bcm. Then Z01 \\\/ Z02 = 1.20. So Z0 just reaches \\u00b110%, not within \\u00b110%. To get Z0 within \\u00b110%, width variation must be much smaller than \\u00b120%. To get Z0 \\u2264 \\u00b15%, width tolerance must be \\u2264 \\u00b110%.<\\\/p>

                        This explains why some PTFE PCBs and some fr4 PCBs require width tolerance \\u00b10.02 mm. The reason is to control Z0.<\\\/p>

                        Process controls for characteristic impedance<\\\/h2>

                        1. Film making control and inspection<\\\/strong>
                          Keep constant temperature and humidity (21\\u00b12\\u00b0C, 55\\u00b15%), keep a clean room, and do width process compensation.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        2. Panel design<\\\/strong>
                          Panel edges should not be too narrow. Make plating uniform. Use pseudo-cathode in electroplating to distribute current. Add a coupon on the panel edge to test Z0.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        3. Etching<\\\/strong>
                          Control process parameters to reduce undercut. Do first-pass inspection. Reduce residual copper, copper burrs, and copper scraps. Check trace width and keep it within required range (\\u00b110% or \\u00b10.02 mm).<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        4. AOI inspection<\\\/strong>
                          For inner layers, find trace gaps and protrusions. For 2 GHz high-speed signals, even a 0.05 mm gap must cause board scrap. Controlling inner layer width and defects is key.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        5. Lamination<\\\/strong>
                          Use vacuum lamination to lower pressure and reduce resin flow. Keep more resin because resin affects \\u03b5r. More resin often lowers \\u03b5r. Control lamination thickness tolerance. If finished board thickness is uneven, dielectric thickness varies and affects Z0.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        6. Select good base material<\\\/strong>
                          Strictly follow customer material model. Wrong model means wrong \\u03b5r, wrong thickness. A full process done with wrong material still results in scrap because Z0 depends strongly on \\u03b5r.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        7. Solder mask (coverlay)<\\\/strong>
                          Solder mask on the board surface can lower Z0 by 1\\u20133 \\u03a9. In theory, solder mask thickness should not be too thick. In practice the effect is not huge. Before solder mask, the conductor surface interfaces with air (\\u03b5r = 1) so measured Z0 is higher. After solder mask, Z0 drops 1\\u20133 \\u03a9 because solder mask \\u03b5r is about 4.0.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        8. Moisture absorption<\\\/strong>
                          Avoid moisture absorption in finished multilayer boards. Water has \\u03b5r \\u2248 75. Moisture causes large Z0 drop and instability.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                          Summary<\\\/h2>

                          For multilayer board transmission lines, common Z0 control ranges are:<\\\/p>

                          • 50 \\u03a9 \\u00b110%<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          • 75 \\u03a9 \\u00b110%<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          • 28 \\u03a9 \\u00b110%<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                            To control variation, consider these four main factors:<\\\/p>

                            1. Trace width W<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                            2. Trace thickness T<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                            3. Dielectric thickness H<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                            4. Dielectric constant \\u03b5r<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                              The largest influence is dielectric thickness H. Next is dielectric constant \\u03b5r. Then trace width W. The smallest is trace thickness T. After choosing base material, \\u03b5r change is small. H can be controlled but still varies. T is easier to control. Controlling trace width W within \\u00b110% is hard. Trace issues like pinholes, gaps, and dents also matter. 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ufacturing instability that changes the trace width will change impedance. From experience with many factories, trace width may vary about 10%. We can model trace width change as a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 10%.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"3122\" data-end=\"3162\">Copper foil \/ plated copper thickness<\/h3><p data-start=\"3164\" data-end=\"3628\">In PCB products, copper thickness has two parts: base copper thickness and plated copper thickness. Base copper is relatively uniform, but plated copper uniformity depends on factory process. Plated copper may vary a lot between factories. Different plated copper thickness will change trace impedance and loss. Impedance may vary in a small range, for example between 49.5 and 51 ohm. Compared with trace width, copper thickness has a smaller effect on impedance.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"3630\" data-end=\"3653\">Dielectric thickness<\/h3><p data-start=\"3655\" data-end=\"3983\">In PCB manufacture, dielectric thickness changes come from raw material variation, lamination pressure, and glue filling. If dielectric thickness changes, impedance and loss will change. In severe cases, transmission lines will have large loss. Impedance may vary from about 44 ohm to 54 ohm. The range can be as wide as 10 ohm.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"3985\" data-end=\"3999\">Etch factor<\/h3><p data-start=\"4001\" data-end=\"4400\">Conductors have finite thickness. After etch, traces are not perfect rectangles. They look closer to a trapezoid. The trapezoid angle changes with copper thickness (including plating). When copper is thin, the sidewall angle approaches 90\u00b0. The angle size affects impedance. For example, when the sidewall angle is 70\u00b0, impedance is about 50 ohm. When the angle is 90\u00b0, impedance is about 48.37 ohm.<\/p><p data-start=\"4402\" data-end=\"4843\">The above tests change one factor at a time. In real production, multiple variables change at once. Impedance can vary from about 40 ohm to 56 ohm. This far exceeds a typical requirement such as 50\u03a9 \u00b110%. During production, many parameters cause impedance change. For high-speed or high-end products, the PCB design and manufacturing process must strictly control every material and step. Otherwise, the product can show unexpected problems.<\/p><hr data-start=\"4845\" data-end=\"4848\" \/><h2 data-start=\"4850\" data-end=\"4890\">Impedance and characteristic impedance<\/h2><h3 data-start=\"4892\" data-end=\"4908\">1. Resistance<\/h3><p data-start=\"4910\" data-end=\"5193\">When an alternating current flows in a conductor, the opposition it meets is called impedance (Impedance). Symbol is Z. Unit is still ohm (\u03a9). This opposition differs from DC resistance. In AC, besides resistance (R), there are inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive reactance (XC).<\/p><p data-start=\"5195\" data-end=\"5267\">To distinguish from DC resistance, call the AC opposition impedance (Z).<\/p><p data-start=\"5269\" data-end=\"5281\">The formula:<\/p><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-attr\">Z<\/span> = \u221a(R\u00b2 + (XL \u2212 XC)\u00b2)<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><h3 data-start=\"5315\" data-end=\"5334\">2. Impedance (Z)<\/h3><p data-start=\"5336\" data-end=\"5657\">With higher IC integration and higher signal frequency and speed, signals on PCB traces can be affected by the PCB trace itself. When signal frequency reaches a limit, the trace causes serious signal distortion or loss. This shows PCB traces carry not just current but energy in the form of pulses or square wave signals.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"5659\" data-end=\"5702\">3. Characteristic impedance control (Z0)<\/h3><p data-start=\"5704\" data-end=\"5798\">The opposition a signal sees when it travels is called characteristic impedance. Symbol is Z0.<\/p><p data-start=\"5800\" data-end=\"6111\">So, fixing only \"open\", \"short\", and connectivity is not enough. For high speed and high frequency transmission lines, quality must be stricter. Passing an open\/short test or having small defects is not enough. You must measure Z0 and keep it within tolerance. If not, the board must be scrapped. Do not rework.<\/p><hr data-start=\"6113\" data-end=\"6116\" \/><h2 data-start=\"6118\" data-end=\"6161\">Signal propagation and transmission lines<\/h2><h3 data-start=\"6163\" data-end=\"6209\">1. Definition of a signal transmission line<\/h3><ol data-start=\"6211\" data-end=\"6336\"><li data-start=\"6211\" data-end=\"6336\"><p data-start=\"6214\" data-end=\"6336\">From electromagnetic theory, shorter wavelength (\u03bb) means higher frequency (f). Their product equals light speed. That is:<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-attr\">C<\/span> = \u03bb \u00b7 f = <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span> \u00d7 <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>^<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span> cm\/s<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"6374\" data-end=\"6502\"><li data-start=\"6374\" data-end=\"6502\"><p data-start=\"6377\" data-end=\"6502\">Any device may have a high signal frequency. After the signal travels through a PCB trace, the signal may slow or be delayed.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"6504\" data-end=\"6539\">So, shorter trace length is better.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"6541\" data-end=\"6933\"><li data-start=\"6541\" data-end=\"6775\"><p data-start=\"6544\" data-end=\"6775\">Increasing wiring density or reducing wire size helps. But when component frequency becomes higher or pulse periods shorten, trace length may approach a portion of the signal wavelength. Then the trace will show obvious distortion.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6777\" data-end=\"6920\"><p data-start=\"6780\" data-end=\"6920\">IPC-2141 clause 3.4.4 says: when a trace length approaches 1\/7 of the signal wavelength, the trace is treated as a signal transmission line.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6922\" data-end=\"6933\"><p data-start=\"6925\" data-end=\"6933\">Example:<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"6935\" data-end=\"7048\">A device has signal frequency f = 10 MHz. PCB trace length is 50 cm. Do we need characteristic impedance control?<\/p><p data-start=\"7050\" data-end=\"7058\">Compute:<\/p><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\">C = \u03bb \u00b7 f = 3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s<br \/>\n\u03bb = C \/ f = (3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s) \/ (1 \u00d7 10^7 \/s) = 3000 cm<br \/>\ntrace length \/ wavelength = 50 \/ 3000 = 1\/60<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"7196\" data-end=\"7311\">Because 1\/60 is much less than 1\/7, this trace is a normal wire and does not need characteristic impedance control.<\/p><p data-start=\"7313\" data-end=\"7449\">Maxwell's equations tell us: the propagation speed VS of a sine wave in a medium relates to light speed C and dielectric constant \u03b5r as:<\/p><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-attr\">VS<\/span> = C \/ \u221a\u03b5r<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"7473\" data-end=\"7535\">When \u03b5r = 1, signal speed equals light speed = 3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"7537\" data-end=\"7585\">2. Transmission speed and dielectric constant<\/h3><p data-start=\"7587\" data-end=\"7634\">Signal speed at 30 MHz for different materials:<\/p><div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\"><div class=\"_tableWrapper_1rjym_13 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"><table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"7636\" data-end=\"8134\"><thead data-start=\"7636\" data-end=\"7717\"><tr data-start=\"7636\" data-end=\"7717\"><th data-start=\"7636\" data-end=\"7659\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Material \/ Substrate<\/th><th data-start=\"7659\" data-end=\"7669\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Tg (\u00b0C)<\/th><th data-start=\"7669\" data-end=\"7694\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Dielectric constant \u03b5r<\/th><th data-start=\"7694\" data-end=\"7717\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Signal speed (m\/\u03bcs)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody data-start=\"7739\" data-end=\"8134\"><tr data-start=\"7739\" data-end=\"7768\"><td data-start=\"7739\" data-end=\"7748\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Vacuum<\/td><td data-start=\"7748\" data-end=\"7752\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\/<\/td><td data-start=\"7752\" data-end=\"7758\" data-col-size=\"sm\">1.0<\/td><td data-start=\"7758\" data-end=\"7768\" data-col-size=\"sm\">300.00<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7769\" data-end=\"7805\"><td data-start=\"7769\" data-end=\"7785\" data-col-size=\"sm\">PTFE (Teflon)<\/td><td data-start=\"7785\" data-end=\"7789\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\/<\/td><td data-start=\"7789\" data-end=\"7795\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2.2<\/td><td data-start=\"7795\" data-end=\"7805\" data-col-size=\"sm\">202.26<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7806\" data-end=\"7860\"><td data-start=\"7806\" data-end=\"7838\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Thermoset polyphenylene ether<\/td><td data-start=\"7838\" data-end=\"7844\" data-col-size=\"sm\">210<\/td><td data-start=\"7844\" data-end=\"7850\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2.5<\/td><td data-start=\"7850\" data-end=\"7860\" data-col-size=\"sm\">189.74<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7861\" data-end=\"7899\"><td data-start=\"7861\" data-end=\"7877\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cyanate ester<\/td><td data-start=\"7877\" data-end=\"7883\" data-col-size=\"sm\">225<\/td><td data-start=\"7883\" data-end=\"7889\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3.0<\/td><td data-start=\"7889\" data-end=\"7899\" data-col-size=\"sm\">173.21<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7900\" data-end=\"7937\"><td data-start=\"7900\" data-end=\"7917\" data-col-size=\"sm\">PTFE + E-glass<\/td><td data-start=\"7917\" data-end=\"7921\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\/<\/td><td data-start=\"7921\" data-end=\"7927\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2.6<\/td><td data-start=\"7927\" data-end=\"7937\" data-col-size=\"sm\">186.25<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7938\" data-end=\"7984\"><td data-start=\"7938\" data-end=\"7962\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cyanate ester + glass<\/td><td data-start=\"7962\" data-end=\"7968\" data-col-size=\"sm\">225<\/td><td data-start=\"7968\" data-end=\"7974\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3.7<\/td><td data-start=\"7974\" data-end=\"7984\" data-col-size=\"sm\">155.96<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7985\" data-end=\"8027\"><td data-start=\"7985\" data-end=\"8005\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Polyimide + glass<\/td><td data-start=\"8005\" data-end=\"8011\" data-col-size=\"sm\">230<\/td><td data-start=\"8011\" data-end=\"8017\" data-col-size=\"sm\">4.5<\/td><td data-start=\"8017\" data-end=\"8027\" data-col-size=\"sm\">141.42<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"8028\" data-end=\"8057\"><td data-start=\"8028\" data-end=\"8037\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Quartz<\/td><td data-start=\"8037\" data-end=\"8041\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\/<\/td><td data-start=\"8041\" data-end=\"8047\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3.9<\/td><td data-start=\"8047\" data-end=\"8057\" data-col-size=\"sm\">151.98<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"8058\" data-end=\"8102\"><td data-start=\"8058\" data-end=\"8078\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Epoxy glass (fr4)<\/td><td data-start=\"8078\" data-end=\"8086\" data-col-size=\"sm\">130\u00b15<\/td><td data-start=\"8086\" data-end=\"8092\" data-col-size=\"sm\">4.7<\/td><td data-start=\"8092\" data-end=\"8102\" data-col-size=\"sm\">138.38<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"8103\" data-end=\"8134\"><td data-start=\"8103\" data-end=\"8114\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Aluminum<\/td><td data-start=\"8114\" data-end=\"8118\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\/<\/td><td data-start=\"8118\" data-end=\"8124\" data-col-size=\"sm\">9.0<\/td><td data-start=\"8124\" data-end=\"8134\" data-col-size=\"sm\">100.00<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"8136\" data-end=\"8378\">The table shows: as \u03b5r increases, signal speed in the material decreases. To get higher signal speed, choose higher characteristic impedance. To get higher Z0, choose lower \u03b5r material. PTFE has the smallest \u03b5r, so it gives the fastest speed.<\/p><p data-start=\"8380\" data-end=\"8508\">fr4 board uses epoxy resin plus E-glass. Its \u03b5r is about 4.7. Signal speed is 138 m\/\u03bcs. Changing the resin system can change \u03b5r.<\/p><hr data-start=\"8510\" data-end=\"8513\" \/><h2 data-start=\"8515\" data-end=\"8560\">Reasons to control characteristic impedance<\/h2><h3 data-start=\"8562\" data-end=\"8573\">Reason 1<\/h3><p data-start=\"8575\" data-end=\"8849\">When electronic equipment (computer, communications) runs, the driver sends a signal to the receiver through PCB traces. The characteristic impedance Z0 of the trace must match the driver and receiver electronic impedance. If matched, the signal energy transmits completely.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"8851\" data-end=\"8862\">Reason 2<\/h3><p data-start=\"8864\" data-end=\"9031\">If PCB quality is bad and Z0 is out of tolerance, signals will reflect, dissipate, attenuate, or delay. In severe cases, signals can be wrong and the device can crash.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"9033\" data-end=\"9044\">Reason 3<\/h3><p data-start=\"9046\" data-end=\"9311\">Strict material selection and process control are needed so multilayer board Z0 meets customer specs. Higher electronic impedance components usually need higher PCB Z0 to match. A multilayer board with correct Z0 is a qualified high-speed or high-frequency product.<\/p><hr data-start=\"9313\" data-end=\"9316\" \/><h2 data-start=\"9318\" data-end=\"9362\">Relationship of Z0 to material and process<\/h2><p data-start=\"9364\" data-end=\"9415\">The microstrip characteristic impedance Z0 formula:<\/p><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-attr\">Z0<\/span> = <span class=\"hljs-number\">87<\/span> \/ \u221a\u03b5r + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1.41<\/span> \u00b7 ln [ <span class=\"hljs-number\">5.98<\/span> H \/ (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.8<\/span> W + T) ]<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"9477\" data-end=\"9483\">Where:<\/p><ul data-start=\"9485\" data-end=\"9584\"><li data-start=\"9485\" data-end=\"9513\"><p data-start=\"9487\" data-end=\"9513\">\u03b5r \u2014 dielectric constant<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9514\" data-end=\"9542\"><p data-start=\"9516\" data-end=\"9542\">H \u2014 dielectric thickness<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9543\" data-end=\"9562\"><p data-start=\"9545\" data-end=\"9562\">W \u2014 trace width<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9563\" data-end=\"9584\"><p data-start=\"9565\" data-end=\"9584\">T \u2014 trace thickness<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"9586\" data-end=\"9654\">Lower \u03b5r makes it easier to raise Z0 to match high-speed components.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"9656\" data-end=\"9671\">1. Z0 and \u03b5r<\/h3><p data-start=\"9673\" data-end=\"9872\">Z0 is inversely related to \u03b5r. Z0 increases as H increases. For strict Z0 high-frequency lines, dielectric thickness tolerance must be strict. Usually dielectric thickness change must not exceed 10%.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"9874\" data-end=\"9907\">2. Dielectric thickness effect<\/h3><p data-start=\"9909\" data-end=\"10155\">With higher routing density, larger H leads to more electromagnetic interference. For high-frequency and high-speed digital lines, as conductor density rises, reduce dielectric thickness to lower EMI and crosstalk, or use materials with lower \u03b5r.<\/p><p data-start=\"10157\" data-end=\"10262\">From the formula, copper thickness T is an important factor. Larger T lowers Z0, but the change is small.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"10264\" data-end=\"10293\">3. Copper thickness effect<\/h3><p data-start=\"10295\" data-end=\"10468\">Thinner copper gives higher Z0, but its effect on Z0 is small. Using thin copper helps make fine traces and this helps control Z0 more than the copper thickness value alone.<\/p><p data-start=\"10470\" data-end=\"10487\">From the formula:<\/p><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-attr\">Z0<\/span> = <span class=\"hljs-number\">87<\/span> \/ \u221a\u03b5r + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1.41<\/span> \u00b7 ln [ <span class=\"hljs-number\">5.98<\/span> H \/ (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.8<\/span> W + T) ]<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"10549\" data-end=\"10658\">As W (trace width) decreases, Z0 increases. Changing width has a larger impact on Z0 than changing thickness.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"10660\" data-end=\"10684\">4. Trace width effect<\/h3><p data-start=\"10686\" data-end=\"11112\">Z0 increases sharply as width W narrows. To control Z0, control trace width tightly. Today most high-frequency and high-speed digital traces have widths like 0.10 mm or 0.13 mm. Traditionally, width tolerance was \u00b120%. For non-transmission line traces (trace length &lt;&lt; sign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