{"id":4618,"date":"2026-01-16T06:29:31","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T06:29:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4618"},"modified":"2026-01-16T06:29:34","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T06:29:34","slug":"fpc-flex-circuit-stiffening-and-reinforcement-processes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/da\/fpc-flex-circuit-stiffening-and-reinforcement-processes\/","title":{"rendered":"Processer til afstivning og forst\u00e6rkning af FPC Flex Circuit"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduktion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>FPC-afstivning g\u00f8r mere end at holde p\u00e5 delene. Det kan ogs\u00e5 hj\u00e6lpe med varmeafledning. Men hvis du har brug for at omarbejde eller reparere kortet, kan det beskadige sporene at fjerne afstiveren. Det skal du huske p\u00e5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. S\u00e6rlige behandlinger til afstivning af FPC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00e6rlige designs kan f\u00e5 en afstiver til at g\u00f8re mere end at underst\u00f8tte dele. Selv om hovedform\u00e5let er at underst\u00f8tte dele, kan afstiveren f.eks. laves som en underst\u00f8ttende komponent, s\u00e5 flexboardet opf\u00f8rer sig mere som et stift board efter montering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konturering af stivere (formsk\u00e6ring) udf\u00f8res normalt med CNC-fr\u00e6sningsudstyr. Under sk\u00e6ringen efterlades nogle forbindelsespunkter eller broer, s\u00e5 afstiveren kan fjernes eller br\u00e6kkes af senere. P\u00e5 den m\u00e5de kan afstiveren let br\u00e6kkes eller fjernes efter montering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cnc.webp\" alt=\"cnc\" class=\"wp-image-4619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cnc.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cnc-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cnc-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>CNC-fr\u00e6sning er almindeligt i flexproduktion. Lasersk\u00e6ring og vandstr\u00e5lesk\u00e6ring er ogs\u00e5 muligheder. De kan bruges til at forberede eller forudsk\u00e6re afstivende materiale. For plader med h\u00f8jdeforskelle kan ikke-pressk\u00e6remetoder som laser- eller vandstr\u00e5lesk\u00e6ring forenkle processen. De reducerer ogs\u00e5 omkostningerne, fordi der ikke er brug for stansev\u00e6rkt\u00f8j.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Mekanisk bearbejdning af afstivere (stempling\/udstansning)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 Stempling\/udstansning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hvis produktionen af afstivere sker ved hj\u00e6lp af netstempling eller udstansning, er der brug for s\u00e6rlige stempler. N\u00e5r stemplingen har fjernet det h\u00e5rde materiale omkring delene, kan det resterende ark skubbes tilbage til sin oprindelige position. Denne metode er almindelig til billige stive plader og til samling af store m\u00e6ngder ved hj\u00e6lp af enkle armaturer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 Scoring eller delvis sk\u00e6ring<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hvis flexkonturen tillader det, kan man bruge scoring- eller partial-cut-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer. Scoring sk\u00e6rer normalt halvvejs gennem flexen eller afstiveren. Specialv\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer styrer sk\u00e6redybden. N\u00e5r delene er placeret, og samlingen er f\u00e6rdig, kan pladen kn\u00e6kkes langs rillelinjen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sammenlignet med routed contouring skal de fleste andre sk\u00e6reteknikker sk\u00e6re hele vejen gennem materialet. P\u00e5 grund af de mekaniske fr\u00e6sers natur er de sk\u00e5rne former normalt lige linjer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Lim til limning af afstivere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lim, der bruges til at binde afstivere til flexsubstrater, v\u00e6lges efter deres kr\u00e6vede funktion. Ud over standardlim til flex er der andre limtyper. Almindelige limtyper til afstivere og deres funktioner:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 Trykf\u00f8lsomt kl\u00e6bemiddel (PSA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PSA bruges i vid udstr\u00e6kning til afstivere. Det er fleksibelt og nemt at bruge. Det giver god bindingsstyrke og kan i nogle tilf\u00e6lde forbedre holdbarheden. De fleste PSA'er er ikke designet til langvarig brug ved h\u00f8je temperaturer, og de t\u00e5ler normalt kun kortvarig eksponering for h\u00f8je temperaturer. Ved blyfri lodning (h\u00f8jere reflow-temperaturer) skal du kontrollere, om PSA'en fungerer i den \u00f8nskede proces. En s\u00e6rlig fordel ved PSA er, at det lader flexen kl\u00e6be til n\u00e6sten enhver overflade, s\u00e5 mange indbyggede afstivningsdesigns er mulige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 Termoh\u00e6rdende kl\u00e6befilm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Termoh\u00e6rdende kl\u00e6befilm, ogs\u00e5 kaldet akrylbelagte film eller limplader, kan binde afstivere og flex sammen. De kr\u00e6ver ekstra forarbejdningstrin og tid. Alligevel kan termoh\u00e6rdede kl\u00e6bemidler give meget h\u00f8j bindingsstyrke og h\u00f8j temperaturbestandighed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 Flydende kl\u00e6bemidler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En- eller todelte epoxylime bruges til at lime afstivere. De er sv\u00e6re at p\u00e5f\u00f8re j\u00e6vnt, s\u00e5 de er mindre almindelige end filmlim. N\u00e5r de bruges, danner flydende lim en gradvis epoxyperle ved limkanten. Denne vulst hj\u00e6lper med at aflaste belastningen ved overgangskanten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4 Termoplastiske kl\u00e6befilm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Termoplastiske kl\u00e6befilm er et andet almindeligt valg. De har lav belastning og er fuldt polymere uden behov for kemisk h\u00e6rdning. De binder til mange overflader og er efter sigende nemme at efterbearbejde. Disse egenskaber udvider deres anvendelse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.5 UV-h\u00e6rdende kl\u00e6bemidler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>UV-h\u00e6rdende kl\u00e6bemidler er en anden mulighed. Nogle formler kan trykkes p\u00e5 sk\u00e6rmen. Nogle UV-aktiverede polymerer kan vise PSA-lignende kl\u00e6beevne efter aktivering. Fordi de h\u00e6rder hurtigt, er UV-lim nyttige til design, der har brug for en hurtig bl\u00f8d-h\u00e5rd overgang og tr\u00e6kaflastning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Huller i afstivere (frigangshuller, monteringshuller, monteringshuller)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Huller til frigang af dele og huller til slutmontering er forskellige og har nogle gange modsatrettede effekter. Designreglerne skal matche den tilsigtede brug. Designdata skal forklare, hvordan man v\u00e6lger huldiametre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hvis du ignorerer dette i design eller produktion, kan du se huller eller kobberbrud ved krydsninger mellem delhuller og kobber. Det kan blive n\u00f8dvendigt med senere reparationer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 Komponentens frigangshuller i afstiveren<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Huller, der g\u00e5r fri af pletterede gennemg\u00e5ende huller, skal v\u00e6re 250 \u00b5m - 375 \u00b5m st\u00f8rre end det pletterede gennemg\u00e5ende hul. Det kompenserer for eventuelle forskydninger under lamineringen og er med til at sikre, at de belagte huller ikke blokeres af afstiveren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 Montering\/monteringshuller<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Huller i afstiveren, der er lavet til montering, skal v\u00e6re lidt mindre end hullerne i flexen. Det hj\u00e6lper med at holde monteringssp\u00e6ndingen v\u00e6k fra flexen. Dette er ikke altid n\u00f8dvendigt. I nogle designs kan flexen fastg\u00f8res direkte til en b\u00e6rer uden en afstiver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 Ust\u00f8ttede monteringshuller<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For monteringshuller, der ikke har afstivende st\u00f8tte, skal du holde kobber rundt om hullet (ringformet ring) for at tilf\u00f8je styrke. Hvis designet tillader det, kan den samme metode bruges til normale monteringshuller. Denne form g\u00f8r ogs\u00e5 jordforbindelse lettere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Almindelige FPC-afstivningsmaterialer og deres egenskaber<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>FPC bruger almindeligvis tre afstivende materialer: PI, FR4 og rustfrit st\u00e5l. Detaljeret beskrivelse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 PI (polyimid)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PI er et specialiseret teknisk materiale. Det bruges i vid udstr\u00e6kning inden for rumfart, mikroelektronik, nanoteknologi, LCD-sk\u00e6rme, separationsmembraner og lasere. Det er flammeh\u00e6mmende og modst\u00e5r h\u00f8je og lave temperaturer. Temperaturomr\u00e5det for langtidsbrug varierer fra kvalitet til kvalitet, men PI kan h\u00e5ndtere et bredt omr\u00e5de. I FPC bruges PI som beskyttelsesfilm og som afstivende ark. PI-beskyttelsesfilm isolerer kredsl\u00f8b. PI-stivere bruges p\u00e5 bagsiden af guldfingre og andre omr\u00e5der, hvor der er brug for isolering og forst\u00e6rkning. PI-afstivernes tykkelse v\u00e6lges ud fra design og milj\u00f8. Tolerancen kan kontrolleres til \u00b10,03 mm. PI h\u00e5ndterer procestemperaturer godt (almindeligvis 130 \u00b0C-280 \u00b0C, afh\u00e6ngigt af kvalitet). Almindelige tykkelser p\u00e5 PI-afstivninger: 0,075 mm, 0,1 mm, 0,125 mm, 0,15 mm, 0,175 mm, 0,2 mm, 0,225 mm, 0,25 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"511\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PI-Polyimide.webp\" alt=\"PI (Polyimide)\" class=\"wp-image-4622\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PI-Polyimide.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PI-Polyimide-300x192.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PI-Polyimide-768x491.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PI-Polyimide-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 FR4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4 er et flammeh\u00e6mmende materiale. Sammenlignet med papirbaserede plader har det bedre mekanisk styrke, dimensionsstabilitet, slagfasthed og fugtbestandighed. Dets elektriske ydeevne er god, og det fungerer ved h\u00f8jere temperaturer. I forarbejdningen har det ofte fordele i forhold til andre harpiksglasfiberplader. I FPC-produktion bruges FR4 hovedsageligt som en afstivning bag loddeomr\u00e5der. Det \u00f8ger h\u00e5rdheden i loddeomr\u00e5det og beskytter overflademonterede dele mod fejl for\u00e5rsaget af gentagen b\u00f8jning. Fordi FR4 slides mere end PI, bruges det normalt ikke til afstivning af guldfingre. For FR4-afstivninger: Hvis tykkelsen er  1,0 mm, er tolerancen \u00b1 0,1 mm. Almindelige tykkelser p\u00e5 FR4-afstivninger: 0,1 mm, 0,2 mm, 0,3 mm, 0,4 mm, 0,5 mm, 0,6 mm, 0,7 mm, 1,6 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"614\" height=\"469\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FR4.webp\" alt=\"FR4\" class=\"wp-image-4621\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FR4.webp 614w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FR4-300x229.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FR4-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Hurtig sammenligning: PI har sn\u00e6vrere tolerancer og god varmebestandighed, men er ikke s\u00e6rlig h\u00e5rd. FR4 er tykkere og stivere, har st\u00f8rre tolerancer og er mere stabil til manuel samling, men sv\u00e6rere at omarbejde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 St\u00e5lafstivere (rustfrit st\u00e5l)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Normalt 303 rustfrit st\u00e5l. 303 er et austenitisk rustfrit st\u00e5l med svovl og selen for at forbedre bearbejdeligheden og overfladefinishen. FPC-afstivere har ofte komplekse former, og 303 rustfrit st\u00e5l er let at \u00e6tse. Til FPC-produkter med behov for h\u00f8j stabilitet er 303-st\u00e5lstivere almindelige. St\u00e5lstivere kan ikke bores med CNC eller sk\u00e6res med FPC-laser. De produceres normalt ved kemisk \u00e6tsning, s\u00e5 omkostningerne er h\u00f8jere. De skal samles manuelt, processen er mere kompleks, og omkostningerne er h\u00f8jere. Almindelige tykkelser p\u00e5 st\u00e5lafstivere: 0,1 mm, 0,2 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Steel-Stiffeners.webp\" alt=\"Steel Stiffeners\" class=\"wp-image-4623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Steel-Stiffeners.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Steel-Stiffeners-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Steel-Stiffeners-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Steel-Stiffeners-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Designpunkter og praktiske r\u00e5d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e5r du designer afstivere og huller, skal du v\u00e6re klar over hvert huls form\u00e5l (frigang, samling, montering). Angiv huldiameter, tolerance og positionstolerance i designnoterne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For afstivere i n\u00e6rheden af belagte huller skal der v\u00e6re tilstr\u00e6kkelig afstand, eller hullet skal forst\u00f8rres med 250-375 \u00b5m for at undg\u00e5 blokering af belagte huller under laminering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hvis afstiveren skal holde til montering eller mekanisk belastning, skal du overveje h\u00e5rdere materialer som FR4 eller st\u00e5l. Men hvis der er sandsynlighed for fremtidig omarbejdning, b\u00f8r man foretr\u00e6kke PI eller termoplastiske filml\u00f8sninger, som er lettere at omarbejde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e5r du v\u00e6lger lim, skal du overveje reflow-temperaturer (is\u00e6r ved blyfri lodning), behov for omarbejdning, langtidsmilj\u00f8 (temperatur, fugtighed) og de overflader, der skal limes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Til komplekse former eller afstivere med h\u00f8j pr\u00e6cision b\u00f8r man foretr\u00e6kke kemisk \u00e6tsning eller lasersk\u00e6ring for at s\u00e6nke v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jsomkostningerne. Ved store m\u00e6ngder og almindelige former b\u00f8r man overveje stansning eller udstansning for at reducere enhedsomkostningerne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hvis du har brug for at fjerne en afstiver efter samlingen, skal du efterlade broer eller ridselinjer mellem afstiveren og flexen, s\u00e5 den kan kn\u00e6kkes eller fjernes senere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Sammenfatning (fordele og ulemper)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PI-afstivninger: sn\u00e6ver tolerance, god modstandsdygtighed over for h\u00f8je temperaturer, let at integrere med flex, god bearbejdelighed; ikke s\u00e5 h\u00e5rd som FR4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4-afstivere: tykkere, h\u00e5rdere, mere stabile til loddeomr\u00e5der; st\u00f8rre tolerance, sv\u00e6rere at omarbejde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>303 st\u00e5lstivere: meget stive og stabile, men h\u00f8jere omkostninger, lavet ved \u00e6tsning, kr\u00e6ver manuel montering, og omarbejdning er vanskelig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction FPC stiffening does more than hold parts. It can also help with heat dissipation. But if you need to 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