{"id":4709,"date":"2026-02-02T09:03:10","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T09:03:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4709"},"modified":"2026-02-02T09:03:16","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T09:03:16","slug":"common-problems-in-fpc-circuit-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/da\/common-problems-in-fpc-circuit-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Almindelige problemer i FPC-kredsl\u00f8bsdesign"},"content":{"rendered":"

FPC-kredsl\u00f8bsdesign - almindelige problemer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Overlapning af pads (undtagen SMD-pads) betyder overlapning af huller.
    N\u00e5r huller overlapper hinanden, kan boret bore det samme sted mange gange. Boret kan g\u00e5 i stykker. Hullet kan blive beskadiget. Det medf\u00f8rer skrot eller omarbejde.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. I flerlagsplader kan to huller overlappe hinanden.
    For eksempel er det ene hul en isoleringspude. Det andet hul er en tilslutningspude med termiske eger (termisk aflastning). N\u00e5r filmen er plottet, viser resultatet m\u00e5ske kun isolationspuden. Delen kan skrottes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    I. Overlapning af puder<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Overlapning af puder (undtagen overflademonterede puder) betyder overlapning af huller.
      Ved boring vil boret bore et sted mange gange. Boret kan g\u00e5 i stykker. Hullet vil blive beskadiget.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. I flerlagsplader kan to huller overlappe hinanden.
      Et hul er f.eks. en isoleringspude. Et andet hul er en forbindelsespude, f.eks. en termisk aflastningspude. N\u00e5r filmen er lavet, kan billedet vise en isolationspude. Dette vil medf\u00f8re kassation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      II. Misbrug af grafiske lag<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Nogle grafiske lag har ubrugelige spor. Et kort med fire lag kan v\u00e6re tegnet med linjer som et kort med fem lag. Det skaber forvirring.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. For at spare tid bruger nogle designere Board-laget i Protel til linjer p\u00e5 mange lag. De tegner ogs\u00e5 annotationslinjer p\u00e5 Board-laget. N\u00e5r de laver fotoplot-data, v\u00e6lger de m\u00e5ske ikke Board-laget. S\u00e5 g\u00e5r nogle spor tabt, og kredsl\u00f8bet er \u00e5bent. Eller de v\u00e6lger m\u00e5ske Board-lagets annotation og laver en kortslutning. S\u00e5 hold de grafiske lag komplette og tydelige, n\u00e5r du designer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Bryd normal praksis. For eksempel at placere komponentsiden p\u00e5 det nederste lag og loddesiden p\u00e5 det \u00f8verste lag. Det g\u00f8r det sv\u00e6rt at samle og lodde.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        \"Random<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        III. Tilf\u00e6ldig placering af silketryk-tekst<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. Tekst kan d\u00e6kke puder eller SMD-omr\u00e5der. Det g\u00f8r det sv\u00e6rt at lave elektriske tests og lodde komponenter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Hvis teksten er for lille, er silketryk sv\u00e6rt. Hvis teksten er for stor, overlapper bogstaverne hinanden og er sv\u00e6re at l\u00e6se.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \"Misuse<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n

          IV. Indstilling af hulst\u00f8rrelse for enkeltsidede puder<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. Enkeltsidepuder har normalt ikke brug for huller. Hvis der er brug for et hul, skal det markeres tydeligt. Hullets st\u00f8rrelse b\u00f8r s\u00e6ttes til nul, hvis det ikke er n\u00f8dvendigt. Hvis der indstilles en numerisk v\u00e6rdi, vil boredataene omfatte den p\u00e5g\u00e6ldende hulkoordinat og for\u00e5rsage et problem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Hvis en enkeltsidepude skal have et hul, skal det markeres specielt.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n

            V. Brug af udfyldte omr\u00e5der til at tegne puder<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            1. Hvis du tegner pads med udfyldte omr\u00e5der, kan designet best\u00e5 DRC. Men produktionen kan ikke bruge s\u00e5danne pads. Disse pseudo-pads kan ikke generere korrekte loddemaskedata. Under p\u00e5f\u00f8ring af loddemasken vil det fyldte omr\u00e5de blive d\u00e6kket af loddemasken. Det g\u00f8r det sv\u00e6rt at lodde komponenter.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n

              VI. Str\u00f8m- eller jordomr\u00e5der, der b\u00e5de er termiske puder og spor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              1. Hvis et str\u00f8m- eller jordomr\u00e5de er tegnet som varmeaflastende pads, vil billedet p\u00e5 det faktiske board v\u00e6re det modsatte af designet. Alle spor er isolationsspor. Designere skal v\u00e6re klar over dette.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              2. V\u00e6r forsigtig, n\u00e5r du tr\u00e6kker flere str\u00f8m- eller jordisolationsgrupper. Efterlad ikke et hul, der f\u00e5r to str\u00f8mgrupper til at kortslutte. Du m\u00e5 ikke blokere det omr\u00e5de, der skal forbindes, og opdele en str\u00f8mzone.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n

                VII. Uklar definition af fabrikationsstakke og lagr\u00e6kkef\u00f8lge<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                1. Hvis et single-side board kun er designet p\u00e5 TOP-laget, og der ikke er tilf\u00f8jet nogen note, er det ikke klart, hvilken side der er for- eller bagside. Det fremstillede board kan v\u00e6re sv\u00e6rt at lodde, n\u00e5r delene er placeret.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. For eksempel kan en fire-lags printplade v\u00e6re designet som TOP, MID1, MID2, BOTTOM. Hvis producenten ikke stabler lagene i samme r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lge, vil der opst\u00e5 problemer. S\u00e5 tilf\u00f8j tydelige noter om lagr\u00e6kkef\u00f8lgen.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n

                  VIII. For mange udfyldningsomr\u00e5der eller udfyldningsomr\u00e5der med meget tynde linjer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  1. Fotoplot-data kan v\u00e6re ufuldst\u00e6ndige, og data kan g\u00e5 tabt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  2. Udfyldningsomr\u00e5der i fotoplot tegnes som mange linjer. Det skaber et meget stort datas\u00e6t. Den store datam\u00e6ngde g\u00f8r det sv\u00e6rt at behandle data.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n

                    IX. SMD-pads er for korte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    1. Dette p\u00e5virker den elektriske kontinuitetstest. For meget t\u00e6tte SMD <\/a>dele er padafstanden lille, og padbredden er tynd. Teststifterne skal v\u00e6re forskudt op og ned eller til venstre og h\u00f8jre. Hvis puden er for kort, kan teststifterne ikke placeres. Det g\u00f8r testen sv\u00e6r, selv om emnet kan placeres.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n

                      X. Net til store kobberomr\u00e5der har for lille deling<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      1. For et stort kobbergitter kan linjen fra kant til kant v\u00e6re for lille (mindre end 0,3 mm). Under fremstillingen af printet kan der efter fremkaldelsen sidde mange sm\u00e5 filmstykker fast p\u00e5 printet. Dette kan for\u00e5rsage \u00e5bne linjer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                        \n\n\n\n

                        XI. Stort kobberomr\u00e5de for t\u00e6t p\u00e5 kortets kontur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        1. Et stort kobberomr\u00e5de skal holdes mindst 0,2 mm fra kortets kontur. Hvis routing eller fr\u00e6sning sk\u00e6rer ind i kobberomr\u00e5det, kan kobberet l\u00f8fte sig. Det kan f\u00e5 loddemasken til at skalle af.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                          \n\n\n\n

                          XII. Uklart design af tavleoversigt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          1. Nogle kunder tegner printkonturer p\u00e5 Keep-laget, Board-laget og Top-overlay-laget, og disse konturer passer ikke sammen. Det g\u00f8r det sv\u00e6rt for printkortproducenten at vide, hvilken kontur der skal bruges.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                            \n\n\n\n

                            XIII. Uj\u00e6vnt grafisk design<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            1. Under galvanisering giver uj\u00e6vne m\u00f8nstre uj\u00e6vn plettering. Det p\u00e5virker kvaliteten.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                              \n\n\n\n

                              XIV. N\u00e5r kobberm\u00e6ngderne er store, skal du bruge net for at undg\u00e5 SMT-tomrum<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              1. Brug et netm\u00f8nster, n\u00e5r omr\u00e5det, hvor kobberet h\u00e6ldes, er stort. Det reducerer risikoen for bobler eller delaminering under SMT-reflow.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                \n\n\n\n

                                Overfladefejl p\u00e5 FPC-kort og l\u00f8sninger<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                                Nedenfor lister jeg almindelige overfladefejl p\u00e5 FPC fleksible plader<\/a> og give klare \u00e5rsager og l\u00f8sninger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                1. Bobler mellem spor eller p\u00e5 \u00e9t spor efter udvikling<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Hoved\u00e5rsagen:<\/strong> Bobler mellem sporene eller p\u00e5 et enkelt spor opst\u00e5r normalt, n\u00e5r sporafstanden er for lille, og sporh\u00f8jden er for stor. Under serigrafi kan loddemasken ikke n\u00e5 grundmaterialet mellem de h\u00f8je spor. Luft eller fugt bliver mellem loddemasken og underlaget. Under h\u00e6rdning og eksponering udvider den indesp\u00e6rrede gas sig og laver bobler. Til et enkelt spor er sporet for h\u00f8jt. N\u00e5r skraberen r\u00f8rer sporet i en st\u00f8rre vinkel, kan loddemasken ikke n\u00e5 sporroden. Gassen bliver mellem sporroden og loddemasken. Varme skaber bobler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Fix:<\/strong> Inspic\u00e9r under serigrafi. S\u00f8rg for, at loddemasken d\u00e6kker bunden og sporets sidev\u00e6gge helt. Kontroll\u00e9r pletteringsstr\u00f8mmen n\u00f8je ved galvanisering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                2. Loddemaske i huller og sm\u00e5 n\u00e5lehulsdefekter i m\u00f8nsteret<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Hoved\u00e5rsagen:<\/strong> N\u00e5r serigrafi ikke udf\u00f8res til tiden, opbygges der restbl\u00e6k p\u00e5 sk\u00e6rmen. Under rakeltrykket kan restfarven presses ind i hullerne. Lavt maskeantal lader ogs\u00e5 bl\u00e6k g\u00e5 i huller. Snavs p\u00e5 fotomasken g\u00f8r, at omr\u00e5der, der burde v\u00e6re eksponeret, ikke bliver det. Det giver pinholes i m\u00f8nsteret under eksponeringen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Fix:<\/strong> Lav rettidigt serigrafi, og brug sk\u00e6rme med h\u00f8jere maskeantal. Kontroller, at fotomasken er ren under eksponeringen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                3. M\u00f8rkning af kobberspor under loddemaske<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Hoved\u00e5rsagen:<\/strong> Efter aft\u00f8rring af pladen blev vandet ikke t\u00f8rret. Boardets overflade blev v\u00e5d, f\u00f8r loddemasken blev trykt. Eller en menneskelig finger eller h\u00e5nd r\u00f8rte ved printet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Fix:<\/strong> Kontroller visuelt begge kobberoverflader for oxidering under serigrafi. S\u00f8rg for, at pladen er t\u00f8r og ren, f\u00f8r du trykker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                4. Snavs og uj\u00e6vn overflade<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Hoved\u00e5rsagen:<\/strong> Snavs kommer fra st\u00f8v og flyvende fibre i luften. Uj\u00e6vn overflade opst\u00e5r, n\u00e5r sk\u00e6rmen ikke blev renset, og rester af bl\u00e6k blev siddende p\u00e5 sk\u00e6rmen og blev presset ned p\u00e5 pladen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Fix:<\/strong> Hold lokalet rent, og hold operat\u00f8rerne rene. Forhindre ikke-n\u00f8dvendige personer i at g\u00e5 ind i det rene rum. Reng\u00f8r rummet ofte. Under serigrafi skal der printes p\u00e5 papir i tide til at fjerne restbl\u00e6k fra sk\u00e6rmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                5. Fejlregistrering og fine revner<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Hoved\u00e5rsagen:<\/strong> Fejlregistrering sker, n\u00e5r printpladen ikke sidder ordentligt fast under serigrafi. Resterende bl\u00e6k p\u00e5 sk\u00e6rmen fjernes ikke i tide, og det trykkes p\u00e5 pladen i et m\u00f8nster, s\u00e5 der opst\u00e5r prikker n\u00e6r puderne. Fine revner opst\u00e5r, n\u00e5r eksponeringen er for svag. Lysdosis eller tid er ikke nok, s\u00e5 der dannes sm\u00e5 revner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Fix:<\/strong> Brug justeringsstifter til at fastg\u00f8re kortet. Fjern restbl\u00e6k fra sk\u00e6rmen ved at printe p\u00e5 papir ofte. Juster eksponeringen, s\u00e5 lampens energi og eksponeringstiden giver et godt eksponeringsniveau. Sigt efter et eksponeringsindeks i et passende omr\u00e5de, s\u00e5 der ikke dannes revner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                6. Farveforskel mellem to sider og manglende tryk (hvide pletter)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Hoved\u00e5rsagen:<\/strong> De to sider har forskellige rakelantal under trykningen. Eller gammel og ny bl\u00e6k er blevet blandet. For eksempel bruger den ene side omr\u00f8rt nyt bl\u00e6k, og den anden side bruger gammelt bl\u00e6k, der har st\u00e5et l\u00e6nge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Manglende print eller \u201cskip print\u201d sker, n\u00e5r galvaniseringsstr\u00f8mmen er for h\u00f8j. Pletteringen bygger linjen for h\u00f8j. Under serigrafi g\u00f8r den h\u00f8je linjeh\u00f8jde, at skraberen ikke afs\u00e6tter bl\u00e6k p\u00e5 sporets sider. En anden \u00e5rsag er, at rakelbladet har et hak. Omr\u00e5det med hakkerne aflejrer ikke farve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Fix:<\/strong> S\u00f8rg for, at antallet af rakler er ens for begge sider. Bland ikke gammelt og nyt bl\u00e6k. Kontroll\u00e9r pletteringsstr\u00f8mmen. Tjek rakelbladet for hak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                Kort oversigt over n\u00f8gletjek til FPC-design og -fremstilling<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                1. Kontroller overlapningen af puder og huller, f\u00f8r du laver boredata.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                2. Hold brugen af lag klar, og misbrug ikke Board-laget til linjer og kommentarer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                3. Placer silketryk-tekst v\u00e6k fra puderne. Brug l\u00e6sbare st\u00f8rrelser.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                4. Marker pudehullerne p\u00e5 den ene side tydeligt, eller s\u00e6t hulst\u00f8rrelsen til nul.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                5. Tegn ikke pads som fyldte blokke, hvis du har brug for en ordentlig loddemaske.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                6. V\u00e6r klar over termiske aflastninger og kobberudst\u00f8bninger. Undg\u00e5 utilsigtet isolering.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                7. Dokument\u00e9r lagstakken og bygger\u00e6kkef\u00f8lgen for producenten.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                8. Undg\u00e5 for mange udfyldningsomr\u00e5der eller meget fine udfyldningslinjer. Hold datast\u00f8rrelsen rimelig.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                9. Lav SMD-pads, der er lange nok til, at man kan teste med en probe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                10. Hold afstanden mellem store kobbernet rimelig (>= 0,3 mm mellem kanterne).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                11. Hold store kobberomr\u00e5der mindst 0,2 mm v\u00e6k fra printkanten.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                12. S\u00f8rg for \u00e9n klar tavleoversigt. L\u00e6g ikke flere forskellige konturer p\u00e5 forskellige lag.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                13. Balancer m\u00f8nstert\u00e6theden for at undg\u00e5 uj\u00e6vn bel\u00e6gning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                14. Brug mesh i store kobberst\u00f8bninger for at undg\u00e5 SMT-problemer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  FPC Circuit Design \u2014 Common Problems I. Overlap of Pads II. Misuse of Graphic Layers III. Random Placement of Silkscreen 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