{"id":2625,"date":"2025-09-11T02:44:18","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T02:44:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=2625"},"modified":"2025-09-26T05:34:01","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T05:34:01","slug":"single-sided-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/pcb-manufacturer\/single-sided-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"Was ist eine einseitige Leiterplatte?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Eine einseitige Leiterplatte ist die einfachste Form der Leiterplatte. Alle Teile befinden sich auf einer Seite. Alle Leiterbahnen befinden sich auf der anderen Seite. Weil nur eine Seite Leiterbahnen hat, nennen wir sie einseitige Leiterplatte. Sie ist einfach zu fertigen und kostet weniger. Aus diesem Grund werden f\u00fcr einfache elektronische Produkte oft einseitige Leiterplatten verwendet.<\/p>

\"Single-sided<\/p>

Wann wird eine doppelseitige Leiterplatte verwendet?<\/h2>

Eine doppelseitige Leiterplatte ist ein Fortschritt gegen\u00fcber einer einseitigen Leiterplatte. Wenn die Anforderungen eines Produkts mit einer Leiterbahnschicht nicht erf\u00fcllt werden k\u00f6nnen, verwenden die Designer eine doppelseitige Leiterplatte. Beide Seiten sind mit Kupfer und Leiterbahnen versehen. Die beiden Seiten k\u00f6nnen durch plattierte L\u00f6cher, so genannte Vias, miteinander verbunden werden. Durchkontaktierungen erm\u00f6glichen die \u00dcbertragung von Signalen von einer Lage zur anderen. Auf diese Weise kann die Leiterplatte das ben\u00f6tigte Schaltungsnetz bilden.<\/p>

Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen einseitigen und doppelseitigen Leiterplatten<\/h2>

Materialien und Grundverfahren<\/h3>

Einseitige und doppelseitige Leiterplatten haben das gleiche Grundmaterial. Die meisten modernen Leiterplatten verwenden fr4. fr4 ist eine Mischung aus Glasfaser und Epoxid. Bei der modernen Herstellung wird die Leiterplatte normalerweise mit Kupfer beschichtet, um eine gute Leitf\u00e4higkeit zu gew\u00e4hrleisten. Dann f\u00fcgen wir eine L\u00f6tmaske hinzu, die f\u00fcr ein sauberes Aussehen und zum Schutz sorgt. Ein Siebdruck f\u00fcgt Beschriftungen und Markierungen hinzu. Maschinen drucken die Markierungen in einem Verfahren, das Siebdruck genannt wird.<\/p>

Alte Fertigung und Grenzen<\/h3>

Die moderne Leiterplattenherstellung war nicht immer so. In der Vergangenheit belichteten Ingenieure und Bastler Designs auf Platinen und \u00e4tzten sie dann von Hand mit chemischen B\u00e4dern. Es gab viele Methoden. Die meisten hatten die gleichen Grenzen. Man konnte nicht ohne weiteres viele Schichten auf eine Platine \u00e4tzen. Das zwang dazu, dass die Layouts gr\u00f6\u00dfer waren und stark optimiert werden mussten.<\/p>

In den 1960er Jahren war das in Ordnung. Gro\u00dfe Teile mit Durchgangsl\u00f6chern waren die Norm. Gro\u00dfe rechteckige Chips hatten breite Stifte. Dies waren DIP-Geh\u00e4use. Diskrete durchkontaktierte Bauteile wie Widerst\u00e4nde und Kondensatoren waren ebenfalls gro\u00df. Die Teile lagen dicht beieinander, so dass kurze Leiterbahnen einfach waren. Das machte einseitige Layouts einfach und \u00fcbersichtlich.<\/p>

Der Aufstieg der oberfl\u00e4chenmontierten Bauteile (SMD)<\/h3>

Die 1980er Jahre ver\u00e4nderten das Feld. Oberfl\u00e4chenmontierte Bauteile (SMD) wurden zu den bevorzugten Bauteilen der Ingenieure. Quadratische flache Geh\u00e4use wurden \u00fcblich. Die diskreten SMD-Bauteile erschwerten die Verlegung unter den Bauteilen. Die Leiterplatten mussten kleiner werden. Einseitige Leiterplatten wurden schwieriger zu verwenden. Dies f\u00f6rderte das Wachstum der doppelseitigen Leiterplattentechniken. Mit Durchkontaktierungen musste nicht mehr alles Kupfer auf einer Seite liegen. Man konnte auf beiden Seiten mit plattierten L\u00f6chern verlegen, die die Schichten miteinander verbinden.<\/p>

\"surface-mount<\/p>

Beidseitig bedruckte Leiterplatten<\/h2>

Ingenieure sind haupts\u00e4chlich aus Gr\u00fcnden der Einfachheit zu doppelseitigen Leiterplatten \u00fcbergegangen. Wenn das Design die Teile auf eine bestimmte Fl\u00e4che zwingt, sind doppelseitige Layouts einfacher als einseitige. Doppelseitige Leiterplatten erm\u00f6glichen auch die Herstellung gro\u00dfer Masse- oder Stromversorgungsebenen. Wenn Sie sich eine Leiterplatte genau ansehen, k\u00f6nnen Sie gro\u00dfe Kupferabschnitte anstelle vieler d\u00fcnner Leiterbahnen erkennen. Diese gro\u00dfen Kupferzonen helfen bei der EMI, der W\u00e4rmeentwicklung und der Herstellbarkeit, und vor allem verringern sie den Entflechtungsaufwand.<\/p>

Warum es immer noch einseitige Platten gibt<\/h2>

Obwohl doppelseitige Platten eindeutige Vorteile haben, werden auch heute noch viele Produkte einseitig gestaltet. Der Hauptgrund sind die Kosten. Einseitige Leiterplatten sind in der Regel etwas g\u00fcnstiger in der Anschaffung und haben manchmal k\u00fcrzere Vorlaufzeiten. F\u00fcr ein einfaches Design ist das ein klares Plus. Bei der Massenproduktion einfacher Produkte kann die Einsparung von ein paar Cent pro Leiterplatte sehr wichtig sein. Auch f\u00fcr Hochstrom-Leiterbahnen, die breite Kupferfl\u00e4chen ben\u00f6tigen, k\u00f6nnen einseitige Layouts eine gute L\u00f6sung sein. Sie erm\u00f6glichen die Verwendung gro\u00dfer Kupferfl\u00e4chen und ein einfaches Routing f\u00fcr Hochstrompfade.<\/p>

Vor- und Nachteile von einseitigen Leiterplatten<\/h3>

Profis<\/h3>

  • Geringere Kosten.<\/p><\/li>

  • Einfachere Konstruktion und Herstellung.<\/p><\/li>

  • K\u00fcrzere Vorlaufzeit in vielen F\u00e4llen.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

    Nachteile<\/h3>

    • Nicht geeignet f\u00fcr komplexe Konstruktionen mit vielen Teilen.<\/p><\/li>

    • Es ist schwierig, den Bed\u00fcrfnissen kleinerer Unternehmen gerecht zu werden.<\/p><\/li>

    • Geringere Routing-Kapazit\u00e4t.<\/p><\/li>

    • Es k\u00f6nnte schwerer und gr\u00f6\u00dfer sein, um die gleiche Funktion zu erf\u00fcllen.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

      Typische Anwendungen von einseitigen Leiterplatten<\/h2>

      Einseitige Platinen sind in vielen preisg\u00fcnstigen Produkten \u00fcblich. Sie kommen in Ger\u00e4ten mit einfachen Funktionen vor, die keinen gro\u00dfen Speicher oder Netzwerkverbindungen ben\u00f6tigen. Beispiele sind kleine Haushaltsger\u00e4te wie Kaffeemaschinen. Sie sind auch in vielen Taschenrechnern, einfachen Radios, Druckern und LED-Lampen zu finden. Einfache Speicherger\u00e4te wie einfache Solid-State-Laufwerke k\u00f6nnen einseitige Platinen verwenden. Auch f\u00fcr Netzteile und viele Arten von Sensoren werden oft einseitige Leiterplatten verwendet.<\/p>

      Wie man einseitige, doppelseitige und mehrlagige Platten unterscheidet<\/h2>

      1. Halten Sie die Platte gegen ein Licht. Wenn der innere Kern v\u00f6llig undurchsichtig ist und Sie kein Licht durch die inneren Schichten sehen k\u00f6nnen, handelt es sich um eine mehrlagige Leiterplatte. Wenn Sie nur eine Kupferschicht sehen k\u00f6nnen, handelt es sich um eine einseitige Leiterplatte.<\/p><\/li>

      2. Achten Sie auf die L\u00f6cher. Einseitige Leiterplatten haben nicht beschichtete L\u00f6cher. Sie haben keine Beschichtung an den Lochw\u00e4nden und \u00fcberspringen den Galvanisierungsprozess. Doppelseitige Leiterplatten haben durchkontaktierte L\u00f6cher oder Durchkontaktierungen. Das bedeutet, dass Sie Kupfer im Inneren der Bohrung sehen.<\/p><\/li>

      3. Der grundlegende Unterschied liegt in der Anzahl der Kupferschichten: Einzelne haben eine Kupferschicht, doppelte haben zwei Kupferschichten, und mehrschichtige haben drei oder mehr Schichten. Bei der Herstellung von Multilayern werden innere Lagen hinzugef\u00fcgt und dann wird der Stapel laminiert. Sie k\u00f6nnen bei Bedarf einen Querschnitt schneiden, um die Schichten zu \u00fcberpr\u00fcfen.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

        \"double-sided<\/p>

        Wie man EMI auf ein- oder doppelseitigen Leiterplatten reduziert<\/h2>

        Aus Kostengr\u00fcnden werden f\u00fcr viele Verbraucherger\u00e4te ein- oder doppelseitige Leiterplatten verwendet. Mit der zunehmenden Verbreitung digitaler Impulsschaltungen steigen auch die EMI-Probleme. Die Hauptursache ist ein gro\u00dfer Signalschleifenbereich. Gro\u00dfe Schleifenbereiche strahlen nicht nur st\u00e4rker ab, sondern machen die Schaltung auch empfindlicher gegen\u00fcber \u00e4u\u00dferen St\u00f6rungen. Der einfachste Ansatz zur Verbesserung der EMV besteht darin, den Schleifenbereich kritischer Signale zu reduzieren.<\/p>

        Erkennen von Schl\u00fcsselsignalen<\/h3>

        Aus EMV-Sicht geh\u00f6ren zu den wichtigsten Signalen solche, die stark abstrahlen, und solche, die empfindlich auf Fremdger\u00e4usche reagieren. Starke Abstrahlungen sind oft periodische Signale wie Taktgeber und Adressleitungen niedriger Ordnung. Empfindliche Signale sind oft analoge Leitungen mit niedrigem Pegel.<\/p>

        Methoden zur Reduzierung der Schleifenfl\u00e4che<\/h3>

        Eine einfache Methode besteht darin, eine Masseleitung neben der Signalleitung zu verlegen. Bringen Sie die Masse so nah wie m\u00f6glich an. So entsteht ein sehr kleiner Schleifenbereich, der die Differenzstrahlung und die Empfindlichkeit verringert. Wenn Sie eine Massebahn neben dem Signal hinzuf\u00fcgen, flie\u00dft der Signalstrom haupts\u00e4chlich in dieser kleinen Schleife und nicht in anderen Massepfaden.<\/p>

        Wenn Sie eine doppelseitige Platine verwenden, legen Sie auf der anderen Seite eine Massebahn direkt unter die Signalleitung. Machen Sie diese Massebahn so breit wie m\u00f6glich. Der Schleifenbereich entspricht dann der Plattendicke mal der L\u00e4nge der Signalleitung. Dieser Bereich ist viel kleiner als eine lange offene Schleife und tr\u00e4gt zur Verringerung der Strahlung bei.<\/p>

        Verwenden Sie au\u00dferdem bei doppelseitigen Leiterplatten immer ein Erdungsnetz aus Kupfer. Ein Erdungsnetz senkt die Erdungsimpedanz. Mit einem Erdungsnetz hat eine Signalleitung fast immer eine Erdungsleitung in der N\u00e4he und bildet einen kleineren Schleifenbereich. Halten Sie beim Routing wichtige Leitungen in der N\u00e4he der Masse. Nur die kritischsten Leitungen brauchen eine Erdung in unmittelbarer N\u00e4he.<\/p>

        Weitere grundlegende Tipps:<\/p>

        • Verwenden Sie kurze Leiterbahnen f\u00fcr Hochgeschwindigkeitssignale.<\/p><\/li>

        • Verwenden Sie geeignete Entkopplungskondensatoren in der N\u00e4he der Stromanschl\u00fcsse.<\/p><\/li>

        • Halten Sie analoge und digitale Masse getrennt und verbinden Sie sie bei Bedarf an einem einzigen Punkt.<\/p><\/li>

        • Vermeiden Sie lange Schleifen. F\u00fchren Sie R\u00fcckwege in der N\u00e4he des Signalwegs.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

          Kleine praktische Beispiele<\/h2>

          • Bei einer Taktleitung auf einer doppelseitigen Leiterplatte legen Sie auf der anderen Seite eine breite Massebahn darunter. Bei einer Plattendicke von 1,6 mm und einer L\u00e4nge der Leiterbahn von 50 mm betr\u00e4gt die Schleifenfl\u00e4che etwa 1,6 mm \u00d7 50 mm. Wenn Sie die Leiterbahn auf 20 mm k\u00fcrzen k\u00f6nnen, verringert sich die Fl\u00e4che erheblich.<\/p><\/li>

          • Bei einem empfindlichen analogen Signal sollten Sie eine Masseleitung direkt daneben auf derselben Seite verlegen. Dann bildet das Paar eine enge Schleife und senkt den Tonabnehmer.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

            Zusammenfassung<\/h2>

            Einseitige Leiterplatten sind einfach und billig. Bei ihnen befinden sich alle Bauteile auf einer Seite und alle Leiterbahnen auf der anderen. Doppelseitige Leiterplatten f\u00fcgen eine zweite Schicht hinzu und verwenden Durchkontaktierungen, um beide Seiten zu verbinden. fr4 ist das gemeinsame Material f\u00fcr beide. Der \u00dcbergang von durchkontaktierten Bauteilen zu oberfl\u00e4chenmontierten Bauteilen hat den Bedarf an doppelseitigen und mehrlagigen Leiterplatten erh\u00f6ht. Dennoch sind einseitige Leiterplatten f\u00fcr viele einfache Produkte aus Kostengr\u00fcnden und wegen der Einfachheit immer noch sinnvoll. Um die EMI auf ein- oder doppelseitigen Leiterplatten zu verringern, sollten Sie den Schleifenbereich verkleinern, nahe gelegene Erdungsbahnen hinzuf\u00fcgen, ein Erdungsnetz verwenden und die Leiterbahnen kurz halten.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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            H\u00e4ufig gestellte Fragen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWas sind die Hauptvorteile von einseitigen Leiterplatten?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            Sie sind kosteng\u00fcnstig, einfach zu entwerfen und herzustellen, leicht zu pr\u00fcfen\/reparieren und ideal f\u00fcr Produkte mit gro\u00dfen St\u00fcckzahlen und geringer Komplexit\u00e4t.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

            \n\t\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSind einseitige Leiterplatten billiger als doppelseitige oder mehrlagige Leiterplatten?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            Ja - Material- und Prozesskomplexit\u00e4t sind geringer, so dass St\u00fcckkosten und Vorlaufzeit in der Regel deutlich niedriger sind als bei doppelseitigen oder mehrlagigen Leiterplatten.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGibt es besondere Montagehinweise f\u00fcr einseitige Platten?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            Da sich die Komponenten auf einer Seite befinden, planen Sie die Platzierung der Teile f\u00fcr das Reflow-\/Wellenl\u00f6ten und stellen Sie sicher, dass keine Komponenten auf der L\u00f6tseite im Weg sind; besprechen Sie den L\u00f6tprozess mit Ihrem Best\u00fccker.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

            \n\t\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWie werden einseitige Leiterplatten vor dem Versand getestet?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            Die typische Qualit\u00e4tssicherung umfasst Sichtpr\u00fcfungen, AOI (falls zutreffend), elektrische Durchgangs-\/Kurzschlusstests und Funktionstests, falls vom Kunden gefordert.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

            \n\t\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWelche Gestaltungsregeln sind f\u00fcr einlagige Layouts wichtig?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

            Befolgen Sie die Standardregeln f\u00fcr Abst\u00e4nde und Leiterbahnbreiten, verlegen Sie die Leiterbahnen so, dass \u00dcberkreuzungen minimiert werden (da keine zweite Lage vorhanden ist), und lassen Sie Platz f\u00fcr Durchgangsbohrungen und Pads - best\u00e4tigen Sie den DRC und die Mindestanforderungen des Herstellers.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            A single-sided PCB is the most basic printed circuit board. All parts sit on one side. All traces sit on 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            A single-sided PCB is the most basic printed circuit board. All parts sit on one side. All traces sit on the other side. Because only one side has traces, we call it a single-sided board. It is easy to make and it costs less. For that reason, simple electronic products often use single-sided PCBs.<\\\/p>

            \\\"Single-sided<\\\/p>

            When to use a double-sided PCB<\\\/h2>

            A double-sided PCB is a step up from a single-sided board. When one layer of routing cannot meet the needs of a product, designers use a double-sided board. Both sides have copper and traces. The two sides can connect with plated holes called vias. Vias let signals move from one layer to the other. That way the board can form the needed circuit network.<\\\/p>

            Similarities and differences between single-sided and double-sided PCBs<\\\/h2>

            Materials and base process<\\\/h3>

            Single-sided and double-sided PCBs share the same basic material. Most modern boards use fr4. fr4 is a mix of glass fiber and epoxy. In modern making, we usually plate the board with copper for good conductivity. Then we add a solder mask for a neat look and for protection. A silkscreen or screen print adds labels and marks. Machines print the marks in a process called silkscreen.<\\\/p>

            Old manufacturing and limits<\\\/h3>

            Modern board making was not always like this. In the past, engineers and hobbyists exposed designs on boards and then etched them by hand with chemical baths. Many methods existed. Most had the same limits. You could not etch many layers on one board easily. That forced layouts to be larger and to need heavy optimization.<\\\/p>

            In the 1960s this was fine. Large through-hole parts were the norm. Big rectangular chips had wide pins. These were DIP packages. Discrete through-hole parts like resistors and capacitors were large too. Parts laid close together so short traces were easy. That made single-sided layouts simple and clear.<\\\/p>

            The rise of surface-mount devices (SMD)<\\\/h3>

            The 1980s changed the field. Surface-mount devices (SMD) became the preferred parts for engineers. Square flat packages grew common. SMD discrete parts made it hard to route under parts. Boards had to get smaller. Single-sided boards became harder to use. This pushed the growth of double-sided board techniques. With vias, you no longer had to keep all copper on the same side. You could route on both sides with plated holes that connect layers.<\\\/p>

            \\\"surface-mount<\\\/p>

            Double-sided printed circuit boards<\\\/h2>

            Engineers moved to double-sided boards mainly for ease. When design limits force parts to a certain area, double-sided layouts are easier than single-sided ones. Double-sided boards also let you make large ground or power planes. If you look at a board closely, you may see large cuts of copper instead of many thin traces. These large copper zones help with EMI, heat, manufacturability, and most of all, they cut the routing work.<\\\/p>

            Why single-sided boards still exist<\\\/h2>

            Even though double-sided boards have clear benefits, single-sided designs still appear in many products today. Cost is the main driver. Single-sided PCBs usually cost a little less to buy and sometimes have shorter lead times. For a simple design, that is a clear plus. In mass production of simple products, saving a few cents per board can matter a lot. Also, for high current traces that need wide copper, single-sided layouts can be a good fit. They let you use large copper areas and simple routing for heavy current paths.<\\\/p>

            Pros and cons of single-sided PCBs<\\\/h3>

            Pros<\\\/h3>

            • Lower cost.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

            • Simpler design and manufacture.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

            • Shorter lead time in many cases.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>

              Cons<\\\/h3>

              • Not good for complex designs with many parts.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

              • Hard to meet small size needs.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

              • Lower routing capacity.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

              • Might be heavier and larger for the same function.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                Typical applications of single-sided PCBs<\\\/h2>

                Single-sided boards are common in many low-cost products. They appear in devices with simple functions that do not need large memory or network links. Examples include small home appliances like coffee machines. They also show up in many calculators, simple radios, printers, and LED lamps. Simple storage devices like basic solid-state drives may use single-sided boards. Power supplies and many kinds of sensors often use single-sided PCBs too.<\\\/p>

                How to tell single-sided, double-sided and multi-layer boards<\\\/h2>

                1. Hold the board to a light. If the inner core is fully opaque and you cannot see light through inner layers, it is a multi-layer board. If you can see only one copper layer, it is a single-sided board.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                2. Look at the holes. Single-sided boards have non-plated holes. They do not have plating on hole walls and they skip the electroplating process. Double-sided boards have plated through-holes or vias. That means you will see copper inside the hole.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                3. The basic difference is the number of copper layers: single has one copper layer, double has two copper layers, and multi-layer has three layers or more. In multi-layer making, inner layers are added and then the stack is laminated. You can cut a cross-section to check layers if needed.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                  \\\"double-sided<\\\/p>

                  How to reduce EMI on single or double-sided PCBs<\\\/h2>

                  For cost reasons, many consumer devices use single or double-sided boards. As digital pulse circuits become common, EMI issues rise. The main cause is large signal loop area. Large loop areas not only emit stronger radiation, they also make the circuit more sensitive to outside noise. To improve EMC, the simplest approach is to reduce the loop area of critical signals.<\\\/p>

                  Identify key signals<\\\/h3>

                  From an EMC view, key signals include those that make strong radiation and those that are sensitive to outside noise. Strong radiators are often periodic signals such as clocks and low-order address lines. Sensitive signals are often low-level analog lines.<\\\/p>

                  Methods to reduce loop area<\\\/h3>

                  One simple method is to route a ground trace next to the signal trace. Put the ground as close as you can. That layout makes a very small loop area and cuts differential radiation and sensitivity. When you add a ground trace next to the signal, the signal current will mainly flow in that small loop, not in other ground paths.<\\\/p>

                  If you use a double-sided board, place a ground trace on the other side right under the signal line. Make that ground trace wide if you can. The loop area then equals board thickness times the signal line length. That area is much smaller than a long open loop and helps cut radiation.<\\\/p>

                  Also, always use a ground copper mesh on double-sided boards. A ground mesh lowers ground impedance. With a ground mesh, a signal line almost always has a ground line nearby and forms a smaller loop area. When routing, keep key lines close to ground. Only the most critical lines need a ground right next to them.<\\\/p>

                  Other basic tips:<\\\/p>

                  • Use short traces for high-speed signals.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                  • Use proper decoupling capacitors near power pins.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                  • Keep analog and digital grounds separated and then join them at a single point if needed.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                  • Avoid long loops. Route return paths near the signal path.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                    Small practical examples<\\\/h2>

                    • For a clock trace on a double-sided board, put a wide ground trace under it on the other side. If the board thickness is 1.6 mm and the clock trace is 50 mm long, the loop area is roughly 1.6 mm \\u00d7 50 mm. If you can shorten the trace to 20 mm, the area drops a lot.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                    • For an analog signal that is sensitive, run a ground trace right beside it on the same side. Then the pair forms a tight loop and lowers pickup.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                      Summary<\\\/h2>

                      Single-sided PCBs are simple and cheap. They place all parts on one side and all traces on the other. Double-sided boards add a second layer and use vias to connect both sides. fr4 is the common material for both. The move from through-hole parts to surface-mount parts drove the need for double-sided and multi-layer boards. Yet single-sided boards still make sense for many simple products because of cost and ease. To lower EMI on single or double-sided boards, reduce loop area, add nearby ground traces, use ground mesh, and keep traces short.<\\\/p>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"20bc943\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"4atp7ws\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"gap\":\"no\",\"content_position\":\"top\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"background_color\":\"#FFFFFF00\",\"background_position\":\"bottom center\",\"background_attachment\":\"scroll\",\"background_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"background_size\":\"cover\",\"background_size_mobile\":\"cover\",\"background_overlay_background\":\"classic\",\"background_overlay_color_b\":\"rgba(255,255,255,0)\",\"background_overlay_opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"80\",\"right\":\"40\",\"bottom\":\"80\",\"left\":\"40\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"25\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"25\",\"isLinked\":false},\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"7965ef2\"}],\"margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":0,\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":0,\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"7882748\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null,\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"space_between_widgets\":40,\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"9b127ef\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9fc6712\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Frequently Asked Questions\",\"align\":\"center\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"90c9854\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"631b990\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"_id\":\"a2a8268\",\"tab_title\":\"What are the main advantages of single-sided PCBs?\",\"tab_content\":\"

                      They are low cost, simple to design and manufacture, easy to test\\\/repair, and ideal for large-volume, low-complexity products.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"c04905e\",\"tab_title\":\"Are single-sided PCBs cheaper than double-sided or multilayer boards?\",\"tab_content\":\"

                      Yes\\u2014material and process complexity are lower, so unit cost and lead time are usually significantly less than for double-sided or multilayer PCBs.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"bd39d67\",\"tab_title\":\"Any special assembly notes for single-sided boards?\",\"tab_content\":\"

                      Because components are on one side, plan part placement for reflow\\\/wave soldering and ensure no obstructing components on the solder side; discuss solder process with your assembler.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"7e12e3e\",\"tab_title\":\"How are single-sided PCBs tested before shipping?\",\"tab_content\":\"

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                      \\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"7c49487","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<p data-start=\"50\" data-end=\"348\">A single-sided PCB is the most basic printed circuit board. All parts sit on one side. All traces sit on the other side. Because only one side has traces, we call it a single-sided board. It is easy to make and it costs less. For that reason, simple electronic products often use single-sided PCBs.<\/p><p data-start=\"50\" data-end=\"348\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2779\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Single-sided-PCB.webp\" alt=\"Single-sided PCB\" width=\"600\" height=\"367\" \/><\/p><h2 data-start=\"350\" data-end=\"383\">When to use a double-sided PCB<\/h2><p data-start=\"384\" data-end=\"739\">A double-sided PCB is a step up from a single-sided board. When one layer of routing cannot meet the needs of a product, designers use a double-sided board. Both sides have copper and traces. The two sides can connect with plated holes called vias. Vias let signals move from one layer to the other. That way the board can form the needed circuit network.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"741\" data-end=\"814\">Similarities and differences between single-sided and double-sided PCBs<\/h2><h3 data-start=\"816\" data-end=\"845\">Materials and base process<\/h3><p data-start=\"846\" data-end=\"1229\">Single-sided and double-sided PCBs share the same basic material. Most modern boards use fr4. fr4 is a mix of glass fiber and epoxy. In modern making, we usually plate the board with copper for good conductivity. Then we add a solder mask for a neat look and for protection. A silkscreen or screen print adds labels and marks. Machines print the marks in a process called silkscreen.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"1231\" data-end=\"1262\">Old manufacturing and limits<\/h3><p data-start=\"1263\" data-end=\"1586\">Modern board making was not always like this. In the past, engineers and hobbyists exposed designs on boards and then etched them by hand with chemical baths. Many methods existed. Most had the same limits. You could not etch many layers on one board easily. That forced layouts to be larger and to need heavy optimization.<\/p><p data-start=\"1588\" data-end=\"1893\">In the 1960s this was fine. Large through-hole parts were the norm. Big rectangular chips had wide pins. These were DIP packages. Discrete through-hole parts like resistors and capacitors were large too. Parts laid close together so short traces were easy. That made single-sided layouts simple and clear.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"1895\" data-end=\"1937\">The rise of surface-mount devices (SMD)<\/h3><p data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"2385\">The 1980s changed the field. Surface-mount devices (SMD) became the preferred parts for engineers. Square flat packages grew common. SMD discrete parts made it hard to route under parts. Boards had to get smaller. Single-sided boards became harder to use. This pushed the growth of double-sided board techniques. With vias, you no longer had to keep all copper on the same side. You could route on both sides with plated holes that connect layers.<\/p><p data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"2385\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2780\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/surface-mount-devices.webp\" alt=\"surface-mount devices\" width=\"600\" height=\"375\" \/><\/p><h2 data-start=\"2387\" data-end=\"2424\">Double-sided printed circuit boards<\/h2><p data-start=\"2426\" data-end=\"2858\">Engineers moved to double-sided boards mainly for ease. When design limits force parts to a certain area, double-sided layouts are easier than single-sided ones. Double-sided boards also let you make large ground or power planes. If you look at a board closely, you may see large cuts of copper instead of many thin traces. These large copper zones help with EMI, heat, manufacturability, and most of all, they cut the routing work.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"2860\" data-end=\"2897\">Why single-sided boards still exist<\/h2><p data-start=\"2899\" data-end=\"3427\">Even though double-sided boards have clear benefits, single-sided designs still appear in many products today. Cost is the main driver. Single-sided PCBs usually cost a little less to buy and sometimes have shorter lead times. For a simple design, that is a clear plus. In mass production of simple products, saving a few cents per board can matter a lot. Also, for high current traces that need wide copper, single-sided layouts can be a good fit. They let you use large copper areas and simple routing for heavy current paths.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"3429\" data-end=\"3465\">Pros and cons of single-sided PCBs<\/h3><h3 data-start=\"3467\" data-end=\"3475\">Pros<\/h3><ul data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3564\"><li data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3491\"><p data-start=\"3478\" data-end=\"3491\">Lower cost.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3492\" data-end=\"3527\"><p data-start=\"3494\" data-end=\"3527\">Simpler design and manufacture.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3528\" data-end=\"3564\"><p data-start=\"3530\" data-end=\"3564\">Shorter lead time in many cases.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3 data-start=\"3566\" data-end=\"3574\">Cons<\/h3><ul data-start=\"3575\" data-end=\"3740\"><li data-start=\"3575\" data-end=\"3624\"><p data-start=\"3577\" data-end=\"3624\">Not good for complex designs with many parts.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3625\" data-end=\"3659\"><p data-start=\"3627\" data-end=\"3659\">Hard to meet small size needs.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3660\" data-end=\"3687\"><p data-start=\"3662\" data-end=\"3687\">Lower routing capacity.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3688\" data-end=\"3740\"><p data-start=\"3690\" data-end=\"3740\">Might be heavier and larger for the same function.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"3742\" data-end=\"3785\">Typical applications of single-sided PCBs<\/h2><p data-start=\"3787\" data-end=\"4233\">Single-sided boards are common in many low-cost products. They appear in devices with simple functions that do not need large memory or network links. Examples include small home appliances like coffee machines. They also show up in many calculators, simple radios, printers, and LED lamps. Simple storage devices like basic solid-state drives may use single-sided boards. Power supplies and many kinds of sensors often use single-sided PCBs too.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"4235\" data-end=\"4298\">How to tell single-sided, double-sided and multi-layer boards<\/h2><ol data-start=\"4300\" data-end=\"5047\"><li data-start=\"4300\" data-end=\"4505\"><p data-start=\"4303\" data-end=\"4505\">Hold the board to a light. If the inner core is fully opaque and you cannot see light through inner layers, it is a multi-layer board. If you can see only one copper layer, it is a single-sided board.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4506\" data-end=\"4756\"><p data-start=\"4509\" data-end=\"4756\">Look at the holes. Single-sided boards have non-plated holes. They do not have plating on hole walls and they skip the electroplating process. Double-sided boards have plated through-holes or vias. That means you will see copper inside the hole.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4757\" data-end=\"5047\"><p data-start=\"4760\" data-end=\"5047\">The basic difference is the number of copper layers: single has one copper layer, double has two copper layers, and multi-layer has three layers or more. In multi-layer making, inner layers are added and then the stack is laminated. You can cut a cross-section to check layers if needed.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2778\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/double-sided-PCB.webp\" alt=\"double-sided PCB\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p><h2 data-start=\"5049\" data-end=\"5099\">How to reduce EMI on single or double-sided PCBs<\/h2><p data-start=\"5101\" data-end=\"5472\">For cost reasons, many consumer devices use single or double-sided boards. As digital pulse circuits become common, EMI issues rise. The main cause is large signal loop area. Large loop areas not only emit stronger radiation, they also make the circuit more sensitive to outside noise. To improve EMC, the simplest approach is to reduce the loop area of critical signals.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"5474\" data-end=\"5497\">Identify key signals<\/h3><p data-start=\"5498\" data-end=\"5755\">From an EMC view, key signals include those that make strong radiation and those that are sensitive to outside noise. Strong radiators are often periodic signals such as clocks and low-order address lines. Sensitive signals are often low-level analog lines.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"5757\" data-end=\"5787\">Methods to reduce loop area<\/h3><p data-start=\"5788\" data-end=\"6115\">One simple method is to route a ground trace next to the signal trace. Put the ground as close as you can. That layout makes a very small loop area and cuts differential radiation and sensitivity. When you add a ground trace next to the signal, the signal current will mainly flow in that small loop, not in other ground paths.<\/p><p data-start=\"6117\" data-end=\"6402\">If you use a double-sided board, place a ground trace on the other side right under the signal line. Make that ground trace wide if you can. The loop area then equals board thickness times the signal line length. That area is much smaller than a long open loop and helps cut radiation.<\/p><p data-start=\"6404\" data-end=\"6717\">Also, always use a ground copper mesh on double-sided boards. A ground mesh lowers ground impedance. With a ground mesh, a signal line almost always has a ground line nearby and forms a smaller loop area. When routing, keep key lines close to ground. Only the most critical lines need a ground right next to them.<\/p><p data-start=\"6719\" data-end=\"6736\">Other basic tips:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6737\" data-end=\"6992\"><li data-start=\"6737\" data-end=\"6781\"><p data-start=\"6739\" data-end=\"6781\">Use short traces for high-speed signals.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6782\" data-end=\"6835\"><p data-start=\"6784\" data-end=\"6835\">Use proper decoupling capacitors near power pins.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6836\" data-end=\"6929\"><p data-start=\"6838\" data-end=\"6929\">Keep analog and digital grounds separated and then join them at a single point if needed.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6930\" data-end=\"6992\"><p data-start=\"6932\" data-end=\"6992\">Avoid long loops. Route return paths near the signal path.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"6994\" data-end=\"7020\">Small practical examples<\/h2><ul data-start=\"7022\" data-end=\"7437\"><li data-start=\"7022\" data-end=\"7290\"><p data-start=\"7024\" data-end=\"7290\">For a clock trace on a double-sided board, put a wide ground trace under it on the other side. If the board thickness is 1.6 mm and the clock trace is 50 mm long, the loop area is roughly 1.6 mm \u00d7 50 mm. If you can shorten the trace to 20 mm, the area drops a lot.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7291\" data-end=\"7437\"><p data-start=\"7293\" data-end=\"7437\">For an analog signal that is sensitive, run a ground trace right beside it on the same side. Then the pair forms a tight loop and lowers pickup.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"7439\" data-end=\"7448\">Summary<\/h2><p data-start=\"7450\" data-end=\"7998\">Single-sided PCBs are simple and cheap. They place all parts on one side and all traces on the other. Double-sided boards add a second layer and use vias to connect both sides. fr4 is the common material for both. The move from through-hole parts to surface-mount parts drove the need for double-sided and multi-layer boards. Yet single-sided boards still make sense for many simple products because of cost and ease. To lower EMI on single or double-sided boards, reduce loop area, add nearby ground traces, use ground mesh, and keep traces short.<\/p>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"20bc943"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t
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                      Frequently Asked Questions<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t
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                      \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tWhat are the main advantages of single-sided PCBs?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

                      They are low cost, simple to design and manufacture, easy to test\\\/repair, and ideal for large-volume, low-complexity products.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

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                      \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tAre single-sided PCBs cheaper than double-sided or multilayer boards?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

                      Yes\\u2014material and process complexity are lower, so unit cost and lead time are usually significantly less than for double-sided or multilayer PCBs.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

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                      \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tAny special assembly notes for single-sided boards?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

                      Because components are on one side, plan part placement for reflow\\\/wave soldering and ensure no obstructing components on the solder side; discuss solder process with your assembler.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

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                      \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tHow are single-sided PCBs tested before shipping?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

                      Typical QA includes visual inspection, AOI (if applicable), electrical continuity\\\/short tests, and functional testing when required by the customer.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

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                      \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tWhat design rules are important for single-layer layouts?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t

                      Follow standard clearance and trace-width rules, route to minimize crossovers (since no second layer exists), and leave space for through-holes and pads\\u2014confirm fab DRC and minimums.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/section>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-2625.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-2625.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"A single-sided PCB is the most basic printed circuit board. All parts sit on one side. All traces sit on […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2625"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2625\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3406,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2625\/revisions\/3406"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}