{"id":1915,"date":"2025-08-25T02:14:28","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T02:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=1915"},"modified":"2025-09-25T07:23:07","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T07:23:07","slug":"hdi-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-manufacturer\/hdi-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"Zuverl\u00e4ssiges HDI PCB Design und Herstellung"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1915\" class=\"elementor elementor-1915\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c325e24 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c325e24\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ce50fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ce50fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"101\">Was ist eine HDI-Leiterplatte?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">Eine HDI-Leiterplatte ist eine Leiterplatte mit hoher Verbindungsdichte. Sie verwendet Mikroblind- und vergrabene Durchkontaktierungen. Diese Leiterplatten haben eine hohe Leitungsdichte. Sie haben Leiterbahnen in den Innenlagen und in den Au\u00dfenlagen. Au\u00dferdem werden Bohrl\u00f6cher und plattierte L\u00f6cher verwendet, um die Leiterbahnen zwischen den Lagen zu verbinden. Da elektronische Produkte immer kleiner und pr\u00e4ziser werden, verlangen die Hersteller nach dichteren Leiterplatten. Die beste M\u00f6glichkeit, die Leiterplattendichte zu erh\u00f6hen, besteht darin, die Anzahl der Durchgangsl\u00f6cher zu verringern und gut platzierte Blind- und vergrabene Durchkontaktierungen hinzuzuf\u00fcgen. Dieser Bedarf f\u00fchrte zur HDI-Leiterplatte.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2703 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb.webp\" alt=\"hdi pcb\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb-300x225.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"626\">IPC-Definition<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"627\" data-end=\"681\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electronics.org\/TOC\/IPC-2226A.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IPC-2226<\/a> gibt eine klare Regel f\u00fcr Blind- und vergrabene Durchkontaktierungen:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<li data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"734\">\n<p data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"734\">Durchmesser des Durchgangs oder des vergrabenen Durchgangs \u2264 0,15 mm (0,00591 in).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"781\">\n<p data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"781\">Durchmesser des Ringes \u2264 0,35 mm (0,0138 in).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"782\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<p data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"1035\">Diese Durchkontaktierungen k\u00f6nnen durch Laser- oder mechanisches Bohren, durch Trocken-\/Nass\u00e4tzen oder durch Muster\u00fcbertragung hergestellt werden. Anschlie\u00dfend wird das Loch mit einer leitenden Schicht \u00fcberzogen.<br \/>Hinweis: Wenn der Lochdurchmesser &gt; 0,15 mm (0,00591 in) ist, ist es als Durchgangsloch nach derselben Norm zu behandeln.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1069\">\u00dcbliche Bohrungsgr\u00f6\u00dfen f\u00fcr HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1183\">\u00dcbliche Via-Gr\u00f6\u00dfen f\u00fcr HDI sind 3-5 mil. Konstrukteure verwenden meist 4 mil als Mittelwert f\u00fcr Design und Produktion.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1221\">Gemeinsame IPC-Normen f\u00fcr HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1222\" data-end=\"1265\">Zu den typischen IPC-Normen f\u00fcr HDI-Arbeiten geh\u00f6ren:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1351\">\n<p data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1351\">IPC\/JPCA-2315 - Leitfaden f\u00fcr hochdichte Verbindungsstrukturen und Microvia-Design.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1441\">\n<p data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1441\">IPC-2226 - Designstandard f\u00fcr HDI-Leiterplatten (High Density Interconnect).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1545\">\n<p data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1545\">IPC\/JPCA-4104 - Spezifikation f\u00fcr die Validierung und Leistung von dielektrischen Materialien f\u00fcr HDI-Strukturen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1546\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<p data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1627\">IPC-6016 - Spezifikation f\u00fcr Qualifikation und Leistung f\u00fcr HDI-Strukturen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1632\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1668\">HDI-Routing: Herausforderungen und Tipps<\/h1>\n<h2 data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1695\">Was HDI-Routing bedeutet<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"2034\">HDI-Routing bedeutet, dass die neuesten Design-Ideen und Fertigungsmethoden genutzt werden, um ein dichteres Layout zu erstellen, ohne die Funktion der Schaltung zu ver\u00e4ndern. Kurz gesagt, HDI verwendet mehr Routing-Lagen, kleinere Leiterbahnen, kleinere Vias, kleinere Pads und d\u00fcnnere Kerne. Auf diese Weise lassen sich komplexe und oft sehr schnelle Schaltungen in R\u00e4umen unterbringen, die fr\u00fcher nicht m\u00f6glich waren.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2381\">Da die Herstellungsmethoden immer besser werden, taucht HDI-Routing in vielen Designs auf. Man findet HDI in Motherboards, Grafikkarten, Telefonen und anderen Ger\u00e4ten mit wenig Platz. Wenn Sie HDI richtig einsetzen, k\u00f6nnen Sie die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe der Leiterplatte verringern und auch EMI-Probleme auf der Leiterplatte reduzieren. Die Senkung der Kosten ist f\u00fcr viele Unternehmen ein wichtiges Ziel. HDI-Routing hilft, dieses Ziel zu erreichen.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2411\">HDI-Routing und Mikrovias<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2412\" data-end=\"2575\">Das HDI-Routing ist komplexer als das normale mehrlagige Routing. Sie wissen vielleicht, wie man 8- oder 16-Lagen-Leiterplatten entwirft. Dennoch bringt HDI neue Ideen mit sich, die Sie lernen m\u00fcssen.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">Bei einer normalen Leiterplatte betrachten wir die gesamte Platine als ein Element mit vielen Schichten. Bei HDI m\u00fcssen die Designer an viele ultrad\u00fcnne Lagen denken, die \u00fcbereinander gestapelt werden, um eine einzige Leiterplatte zu bilden. Der wichtigste Faktor f\u00fcr das HDI-Routing ist die Via-Technologie. Vias sind nicht mehr nur die plattierten L\u00f6cher, die durch den fertigen Stapel gebohrt werden. Herk\u00f6mmliche Durchgangsl\u00f6cher verringern den f\u00fcr das Routing verf\u00fcgbaren Platz auf jeder Schicht.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2702 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias-300x207.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"2982\">Herk\u00f6mmliche Durchkontaktierungen sind f\u00fcr HDI nicht geeignet<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3410\">Beim HDI-Routing sind Mikrovias der Schl\u00fcssel. Mit ihnen lassen sich viele dichte Schichten miteinander verbinden. Zur Erkl\u00e4rung: Microvias sehen aus wie Blind- oder Buried Vias, folgen aber einer anderen Methode. Herk\u00f6mmliche Durchkontaktierungen werden gebohrt, nachdem die Schichten gestapelt wurden. Microvias werden vor dem Stapeln der Schichten per Laser gebohrt. Lasergebohrte Microvias erm\u00f6glichen die kleinsten Lochgr\u00f6\u00dfen und Pad-Gr\u00f6\u00dfen zwischen den Lagen. Dies hilft bei <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> Fan-out-Layouts, bei denen die Stifte in einem Raster angeordnet sind.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3412\" data-end=\"3437\">HDI-Leitweglenkungsstrategien<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3438\" data-end=\"3697\">Mit Microvias k\u00f6nnen Leiterplattendesigner komplexe Netzwerke auf vielen Ebenen verlegen. Diese Methode wird manchmal als \u201cany-layer HDI\u201d oder \u201cper-layer interconnect\u201d bezeichnet. Da Microvias Platz sparen, k\u00f6nnen die beiden \u00e4u\u00dferen Lagen dichte Teile aufnehmen, w\u00e4hrend der Gro\u00dfteil des Routings auf den inneren Lagen stattfindet.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3699\" data-end=\"3739\">Grundfl\u00e4chen mit niedriger Impedanz sind unerl\u00e4sslich<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3971\">Wenn Bauteile und Leiterbahnen in einer mehrlagigen Leiterplatte dichter werden, steigt das Risiko von EMI und magnetischer Kopplung. Beim HDI-Design m\u00fcssen Sie sicherstellen, dass der Stapel die richtige Struktur hat. Sorgen Sie f\u00fcr gen\u00fcgend Massefl\u00e4chen, um niederohmige R\u00fcckleitungen zu erm\u00f6glichen.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3973\" data-end=\"4223\">Platzieren Sie innere Routing-Lagen zwischen Masse- oder Versorgungslagen, um Kreuzkopplung und \u00dcbersprechen zu vermeiden. Halten Sie Hochgeschwindigkeits-Signalwege kurz und halten Sie auch deren R\u00fcckwege kurz. Planen Sie Mikrovias so, dass sie die Signalpfade auf einen kleinen Bereich beschr\u00e4nken. Dies verringert das EMI-Risiko.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4225\" data-end=\"4304\">Verwenden Sie zur Sicherheit geeignete Simulationswerkzeuge, um die HDI-Leiterplatte vor der Produktion zu modellieren.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4306\" data-end=\"4309\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4311\" data-end=\"4338\">Die wichtigsten Vorteile von HDI-Leiterplatten<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4339\" data-end=\"4522\">Viele Menschen wollen die Produktgr\u00f6\u00dfe reduzieren. Eine der besten M\u00f6glichkeiten ist die Verwendung von HDI-Platinen. Wenn Sie weniger Gewicht und eine geringere Gr\u00f6\u00dfe ben\u00f6tigen, aber Funktion und Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit beibehalten wollen, ist HDI eine gute L\u00f6sung.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4524\" data-end=\"4537\">Die wichtigsten Vorteile:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4689\">\n<p data-start=\"4540\" data-end=\"4689\">HDI erm\u00f6glicht die Verwendung von Pad-in-Pad und Blind Via. Dadurch liegen die Teile dicht beieinander und die L\u00e4nge der Leiterbahnen wird reduziert. K\u00fcrzere Leiterbahnen bedeuten oft schnellere und zuverl\u00e4ssigere Signale.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4690\" data-end=\"4825\">\n<p data-start=\"4692\" data-end=\"4825\">Diese Platinen bieten eine gute Leistung zu einem fairen Preis. HDI ist eine erschwingliche Wahl f\u00fcr Menschen, die zuverl\u00e4ssige, langlebige Elektronik ben\u00f6tigen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4826\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<p data-start=\"4828\" data-end=\"4961\">Um zu entscheiden, ob HDI f\u00fcr Ihr Projekt geeignet ist, sollten Sie mehr \u00fcber sie erfahren und wie sie eingesetzt werden. Kennen Sie die Unterschiede zwischen normalen Leiterplatten und HDI-Leiterplatten.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4963\" data-end=\"4966\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4968\" data-end=\"4999\">Wo HDI-Leiterplatten heute eingesetzt werden<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5000\" data-end=\"5058\">Aufgrund ihrer Vorteile werden HDI-Leiterplatten in vielen Bereichen eingesetzt.<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<li data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5305\">\n<p data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5305\">Medizinische Ger\u00e4te - Viele medizinische Ger\u00e4te m\u00fcssen klein sein. Laborger\u00e4te und Implantate ben\u00f6tigen oft winzige Platinen. HDI hilft hier. Ein Herzschrittmacher ist ein gutes Beispiel. Viele \u00dcberwachungs- und Sondenger\u00e4te, wie Endoskope, verwenden ebenfalls HDI. In diesen F\u00e4llen gilt: Kleiner ist besser.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5307\" data-end=\"5431\">\n<p data-start=\"5310\" data-end=\"5431\">Kraftfahrzeuge - Autos nutzen den Platz gut aus. Einige elektronische Ger\u00e4te im Auto werden immer kleiner. HDI hilft, die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu reduzieren und gleichzeitig die Funktion zu erhalten.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5433\" data-end=\"5537\">\n<p data-start=\"5436\" data-end=\"5537\">Mobile Ger\u00e4te - Tablets und Telefone verwenden HDI. Aus diesem Grund werden diese Ger\u00e4te mit ihrer Weiterentwicklung immer d\u00fcnner.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5539\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<p data-start=\"5542\" data-end=\"5687\">Luft- und Raumfahrt und Verteidigung - In diesen Bereichen wird HDI wegen seiner Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit und geringen Gr\u00f6\u00dfe eingesetzt. HDI taucht immer h\u00e4ufiger auf, da neue Designs kompakte und stabile Leiterplatten ben\u00f6tigen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">Viele andere Bereiche werden in Zukunft mehr HDI nutzen.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2704 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp 420w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5741\" data-end=\"5744\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"5746\" data-end=\"5780\">Was macht eine HDI-Leiterplatte zu einer HDI-Leiterplatte?<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5781\" data-end=\"6033\">Bei einer HDI-Leiterplatte werden Blind Via Plating und ein zweiter Laminierungsschritt verwendet. Diese Leiterplatten k\u00f6nnen eine erste, zweite, dritte oder h\u00f6here Stufe haben. Die Hersteller bauen HDI-Platinen in der Regel in mehreren Laminierungsschritten auf. Je mehr Laminierschritte, desto h\u00f6her ist das technische Niveau.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<li data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6084\">\n<p data-start=\"6037\" data-end=\"6084\">Einfache HDI-Platten werden h\u00e4ufig in einem Schritt laminiert.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6085\" data-end=\"6138\">\n<p data-start=\"6087\" data-end=\"6138\">Bei h\u00f6herwertigen HDI werden zwei oder mehr Laminierungsschritte verwendet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6139\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<p data-start=\"6141\" data-end=\"6248\">Bei High-Level-HDI k\u00f6nnen gestapelte Durchkontaktierungen, plattierte, gef\u00fcllte Durchkontaktierungen, Laser-Direktbohren und andere fortschrittliche Methoden verwendet werden.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6250\" data-end=\"6314\">Im Folgenden werden g\u00e4ngige Schichtenstapel erl\u00e4utert und erkl\u00e4rt, wie Hersteller sie aufbauen.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6316\" data-end=\"6319\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6321\" data-end=\"6359\">Einfaches einlaminiertes HDI (Beispiel)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6360\" data-end=\"6700\">Eine einfache einlaminierte HDI-Platte kann eine 6-Lagen-Platte mit einem 1+4+1-Stapel sein. Diese Platine ist einfach. Die innere mehrlagige Leiterplatte hat keine vergrabenen Durchkontaktierungen. Eine Laminierung vervollst\u00e4ndigt die Platine. Die Herstellung ist \u00e4hnlich wie bei normalen einlagigen Multilayer-Leiterplatten. Nach der Laminierung sind jedoch noch Laserbohrungen f\u00fcr Blind Vias und andere Schritte erforderlich.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6702\" data-end=\"6705\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6707\" data-end=\"6749\">Normales einlaminiertes HDI (Normalfall)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6750\" data-end=\"7221\">Ein gew\u00f6hnliches einlagiges HDI hat eine Struktur (1 + N + 1), wobei N \u2265 2 und N gerade ist. Eine einlaminige 6-Lagen-HDI verwendet beispielsweise 1+4+1. Dieser Aufbau ist das g\u00e4ngige Design f\u00fcr einlagige HDI. Die innere Multilage hat oft vergrabene Durchkontaktierungen, die einen zweiten Laminierungsschritt zur Fertigstellung erfordern. Dieser einlagige Typ hat h\u00e4ufig Blind Vias und vergrabene Durchkontaktierungen. Wenn es den Entwicklern gelingt, diesen Typ in die oben beschriebene einfache einlagige Form umzuwandeln, profitieren sowohl K\u00e4ufer als auch Lieferanten.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7223\" data-end=\"7226\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7228\" data-end=\"7270\">Normales doppellagiges HDI (allgemeiner Fall)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7271\" data-end=\"7697\">Eine \u00fcbliche doppellagige HDI k\u00f6nnte eine 8-Lagen-Platte mit einem 1+1+4+1+1-Stapel sein. Dieser Stapel ist (1+1+N+1+1) mit N \u2265 2 und gerade. Dies ist die g\u00e4ngige doppellagige Bauweise in der Leiterplattenindustrie. Die innere Multilage hat vergrabene Durchkontaktierungen, die drei Laminierschritte erfordern. Dieser Typ hat oft keine gestaffelten Durchkontaktierungen. Wenn Sie die vergrabenen Durchkontaktierungen von den Lagen 3-6 auf die Lagen 2-7 verlegen k\u00f6nnen, k\u00f6nnen Sie einen Laminierungsschritt einsparen und die Kosten senken.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7699\" data-end=\"7702\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7704\" data-end=\"7740\">Eine weitere g\u00e4ngige doppellagige HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7741\" data-end=\"8283\">Dieser Typ verwendet ebenfalls (1+1+N+1+1). Obwohl es sich um eine doppellagige Struktur handelt, befindet sich das vergrabene Via an einer anderen Stelle - zwischen den Lagen 2 und 7. Durch diese \u00c4nderung k\u00f6nnen die Laminierungsschritte von drei auf zwei reduziert werden. Dieses Design hat jedoch einen Haken: Es kann Blind Vias von den Lagen 1-3 erzeugen. Sie m\u00fcssen diese in zwei Gruppen aufteilen (1-2 und 2-3) und die 2-3 inneren Blind Vias mit Via-F\u00fcllung herstellen. Das F\u00fcllen von Vias verursacht zus\u00e4tzliche Kosten und Schwierigkeiten. Versuchen Sie also beim Entwurf, gestapelte Vias zu vermeiden und 1-3 Blind Vias in gestaffelte 1-2 und 2-3 Blind Vias und vergrabene Vias zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8285\" data-end=\"8288\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8290\" data-end=\"8348\">Ungew\u00f6hnliche doppellagige HDI mit Cross-Layer-Blind-Vias<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8349\" data-end=\"8842\">Eine ungew\u00f6hnliche doppellaminierte HDI-6-Lagen-Platine verwendet 1+1+2+1+1. Sie verwendet immer noch die (1+1+N+1+1)-Idee mit N \u2265 2 und gerade. Dieses Design hat lagen\u00fcbergreifende Blind Vias. Die Tiefe der Blind Vias nimmt zu - eine 1-3 tiefe Blind Via ist doppelt so tief wie eine normale 1-2 tiefe Blind Via. Kunden, die sich f\u00fcr dieses Design entscheiden, haben besondere Anforderungen und m\u00f6chten nicht, dass das Blind Via in gestapelte Durchkontaktierungen aufgeteilt wird. Diese Cross-Layer-Blind-Vias sind mit dem Laser nur schwer zu bohren. Auch die Abscheidung und Beschichtung von Kupfer auf solch tiefen Blind Vias ist schwierig.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8844\" data-end=\"8847\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8849\" data-end=\"8898\">Gestapeltes Blind Via Design in doppellagigem HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8899\" data-end=\"9278\">Es gibt einen Typ, bei dem vergrabene Durchkontaktierungen auf den Schichten 2-7 gestapelte Blinddurchkontaktierungen dar\u00fcber ben\u00f6tigen. Dies ist immer noch eine (1+1+N+1+1) Struktur. Einige doppellaminierte HDI-Platten verwenden diese Methode. Die innere Multilage hat vergrabene Durchkontaktierungen und ben\u00f6tigt zwei Laminierschritte. Der Schl\u00fcssel liegt darin, dass das Design mit gestapelten Durchkontaktierungen zus\u00e4tzliche Schwierigkeiten mit sich bringt. Durch die Platzierung von vergrabenen Durchkontaktierungen auf den Lagen 2-7 wird jedoch ein Laminierungsschritt eingespart und damit Kosten gespart.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9280\" data-end=\"9283\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9285\" data-end=\"9338\">Cross-Layer Blind Via Design in doppellagiger HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"9339\" data-end=\"9875\">Ein anderes Doppellaminat-Design (1+1+N+1+1) beinhaltet Kreuzlagen-Blind-Vias. Dieses Design ist schwieriger herzustellen, und einige HDI-Hersteller verf\u00fcgen nicht \u00fcber die n\u00f6tigen F\u00e4higkeiten. Der innere Multilayer hat vergrabene Vias in den Lagen 3-6 und erfordert drei Laminierungsschritte. Das Hauptproblem ist das Design der Cross-Layer-Blind-Vias. Wenn Sie die 1-3 Cross-Layer-Vias in 1-2 und 2-3 Blind Vias aufteilen k\u00f6nnen, sinken die Kosten und der Prozess wird einfacher. Hinweis: Diese Aufteilung unterscheidet sich von der bereits erl\u00e4uterten Stacked-Via-Aufteilung. Bei diesem Split werden gestaffelte Blind Vias anstelle von gestapelten Blind Vias verwendet.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9877\" data-end=\"9880\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9882\" data-end=\"9897\">Stufen des HDI<\/h1>\n<ul data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<li data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"9974\">\n<p data-start=\"9900\" data-end=\"9974\">HDI der ersten Stufe (1. Ordnung) ist einfach. Der Prozess und die Kontrolle sind einfacher.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9975\" data-end=\"10042\">\n<p data-start=\"9977\" data-end=\"10042\">HDI der zweiten Stufe ist in Produktion und Fertigung komplexer.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10043\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<p data-start=\"10045\" data-end=\"10118\">Ab der dritten Stufe gelten die gleichen Regeln wie f\u00fcr die zweite Stufe, sie sind jedoch komplexer.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"10120\" data-end=\"10123\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"10125\" data-end=\"10167\">Unterschiede zwischen HDI und herk\u00f6mmlichen PCBs<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"10168\" data-end=\"10482\">HDI-Platten werden h\u00e4ufig durch Laminierung mit d\u00fcnnen Kernmaterialien hergestellt. Je mehr Laminierungen, desto h\u00f6her die Prozessstufe. Die meisten HDI-Leiterplatten werden mit einer Laminierung hergestellt. Bei High-Level-HDI werden zwei oder mehr Laminierungstechniken verwendet und fortschrittliche Methoden wie gestapelte Durchkontaktierungen, plattierte gef\u00fcllte Durchkontaktierungen und Laser-Direktbohren hinzugef\u00fcgt.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10484\" data-end=\"10746\">Wenn die relative Dichte einer Leiterplatte h\u00f6her ist als bei einer achtlagigen Leiterplatte, ist die Herstellung mittels HDI oft kosteng\u00fcnstiger als das komplexe traditionelle Laminieren und Pressen. HDI-Leiterplatten haben oft eine h\u00f6here mechanische Festigkeit und eine bessere Signalgenauigkeit als herk\u00f6mmliche Leiterplatten.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10748\" data-end=\"10792\">Weitere Verbesserungen von HDI gegen\u00fcber herk\u00f6mmlichen PCBs:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<li data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10843\">\n<p data-start=\"10795\" data-end=\"10843\">Bessere Leistung f\u00fcr Mikrowellen- und RF-Signale.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10844\" data-end=\"10914\">\n<p data-start=\"10846\" data-end=\"10914\">Bessere Best\u00e4ndigkeit gegen Funkst\u00f6rungen und elektrostatische Entladung.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10915\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<p data-start=\"10917\" data-end=\"10940\">Bessere W\u00e4rmeableitung.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"10942\" data-end=\"11053\">Dank der High-Density-Integration (HDI) k\u00f6nnen Endprodukte kleiner und in Funktion und Leistung standardisierter sein.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"11055\" data-end=\"11058\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11060\" data-end=\"11100\">Einfache Ratschl\u00e4ge f\u00fcr Designer und Eink\u00e4ufer<\/h1>\n<ol data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<li data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11162\">\n<p data-start=\"11104\" data-end=\"11162\">Verwenden Sie HDI, wenn Sie kleinere Abmessungen und eine bessere Leistung ben\u00f6tigen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11163\" data-end=\"11245\">\n<p data-start=\"11166\" data-end=\"11245\">Sprechen Sie fr\u00fchzeitig mit Ihrem PCB-Lieferanten. HDI ben\u00f6tigt Design-for-Manufacture (DFM)-Kontrollen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11246\" data-end=\"11315\">\n<p data-start=\"11249\" data-end=\"11315\">Fragen Sie nach IPC-basierten Spezifikationen. Verwenden Sie nach M\u00f6glichkeit IPC-2226 und IPC-6016.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11316\" data-end=\"11386\">\n<p data-start=\"11319\" data-end=\"11386\">Planen Sie Stackups mit gen\u00fcgend Massefl\u00e4chen, um die R\u00fcckwege kurz zu halten.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11387\" data-end=\"11476\">\n<p data-start=\"11390\" data-end=\"11476\">Verwenden Sie Microvia-Gr\u00f6\u00dfen, die der Kapazit\u00e4t Ihres Leiterplattenhauses entsprechen. \u00dcblich: 3-5 mil, oft 4 mil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11477\" data-end=\"11569\">\n<p data-start=\"11480\" data-end=\"11569\">Versuchen Sie, gestapelte Durchkontaktierungen zu vermeiden, sofern dies nicht notwendig ist. Gestaffelte blinde\/vergrabene Durchkontaktierungen sind oft einfacher.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11570\" data-end=\"11655\">\n<p data-start=\"11573\" data-end=\"11655\">Wenn Sie sich f\u00fcr eine mehrstufige HDI-Laminierung entscheiden, m\u00fcssen Sie mit mehr Prozessschritten und Kontrollen rechnen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11656\" data-end=\"11744\">\n<p data-start=\"11659\" data-end=\"11744\">Verwenden Sie eine geeignete Simulation f\u00fcr Hochgeschwindigkeits- oder RF-Designs, um EMI und Signalintegrit\u00e4t zu pr\u00fcfen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11745\" data-end=\"11832\">\n<p data-start=\"11748\" data-end=\"11832\">Beim BGA-Fan-out helfen Microvias und Pad-in-Pad, die Fan-out-Fl\u00e4che und die Leiterbahnl\u00e4nge zu reduzieren.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11833\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<p data-start=\"11837\" data-end=\"11930\">Reduzieren Sie zur Kostenkontrolle die Anzahl der Laminierungsschritte, wenn Sie k\u00f6nnen. Optimieren Sie die Platzierung der Vias.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"11932\" data-end=\"11935\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11937\" data-end=\"11954\">Abschlie\u00dfende Zusammenfassung<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"11955\" data-end=\"12546\">HDI-Leiterplatten sind Leiterplatten mit hoher Verbindungsdichte, die Mikroblind- und vergrabene Durchkontaktierungen verwenden. Sie erm\u00f6glichen es den Designern, mehr Leiterbahnen und Bauteile auf weniger Raum unterzubringen. Das HDI-Routing erfordert eine sorgf\u00e4ltige Planung des Stapels, gute Massefl\u00e4chen, eine exakte Verwendung von Microvias und ordnungsgem\u00e4\u00dfe DFM-Pr\u00fcfungen. HDI bietet klare Vorteile in Bezug auf Gr\u00f6\u00dfe, Signalgeschwindigkeit und Leistung. HDI kommt in vielen Bereichen zum Einsatz, von der Medizintechnik \u00fcber den Mobilfunk bis hin zur Automobil- und Luftfahrtindustrie. Je komplexer die HDI-Ebene ist, desto fortschrittlicher ist der Prozess und desto h\u00f6her sind die Kosten. Ein gutes Design und eine fr\u00fchzeitige Kommunikation mit dem Lieferanten helfen Ihnen, die richtige HDI-Platine f\u00fcr Ihr Produkt zu finden.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-s1ztwe2 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"s1ztwe2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\" data-id=\"7882748\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fc6712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u00e4ufig gestellte Fragen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"631b990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Was sind Microvias, Blind Vias und Buried Vias?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\"><p>Microvias sind sehr kleine Durchkontaktierungen (oft lasergebohrt), die nur benachbarte Schichten verbinden. Blind Vias verbinden \u00e4u\u00dfere Lagen mit inneren Lagen; vergrabene Vias verbinden nur innere Lagen. Diese Durchkontaktierungen sparen Platz auf der Leiterplatte und verbessern das Routing.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Was sind die wichtigsten Vorteile von HDI-Leiterplatten?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\"><p>Die wichtigsten Vorteile: h\u00f6here Komponentendichte, k\u00fcrzere Signalpfade (bessere Signalintegrit\u00e4t), kleinere und leichtere Produkte und verbessertes Routing f\u00fcr Fine-Pitch-BGAs und Hochgeschwindigkeitsschaltungen.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Akkordeon Titel<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\"><p>H\u00e4ufige Anwendungen: Smartphones und mobile Ger\u00e4te, 5G- und Netzwerkausr\u00fcstungen, medizinische Ger\u00e4te, Luft- und Raumfahrt, Automobilelektronik und kompakte Verbraucherprodukte.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Welche Gestaltungsregeln gelten speziell f\u00fcr HDI?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\"><p>Wichtige Regeln: Begrenzung von Microvia-Durchmesser und -Abstand, Kontrolle der dielektrischen Dicke und Impedanz, Planung von BGA-Fluchtwegen (Dogbone-Fanouts) und Vermeidung von Via-in-Pad, sofern nicht ordnungsgem\u00e4\u00df gef\u00fcllt\/planarisiert. Befolgen Sie DFM und die F\u00e4higkeitsmatrix Ihres Herstellers.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Akkordeon Titel<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\">Accordion Content<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is an HDI PCB An HDI board is a high density interconnect printed circuit board. It uses micro blind [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-page"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"c325e24\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"flex_direction\":\"column\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"322b58b\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"2ce50fb\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<h2 data-start=\\\"78\\\" data-end=\\\"101\\\">What is an HDI PCB<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\">An HDI board is a high density interconnect printed circuit board. It uses micro blind and buried vias. These boards have a high line density. They have inner layer traces and outer layer traces. They also use drilled holes and plated holes to link traces between layers. As electronic products get smaller and more precise, makers ask for denser PCBs. The best way to increase PCB density is to cut the number of through-holes and to add well-placed blind and buried vias. This need led to the HDI board.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\"><img class=\\\"size-full wp-image-2703 aligncenter\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/hdi-pcb.webp\\\" alt=\\\"hdi pcb\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"450\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"609\\\" data-end=\\\"626\\\">IPC definition<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"627\\\" data-end=\\\"681\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.electronics.org\\\/TOC\\\/IPC-2226A.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\\\">IPC-2226<\\\/a> gives a clear rule for blind and buried vias:<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"682\\\" data-end=\\\"1035\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"682\\\" data-end=\\\"734\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"684\\\" data-end=\\\"734\\\">Via or buried via diameter \\u2264 0.15 mm (0.00591 in).<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"735\\\" data-end=\\\"781\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"737\\\" data-end=\\\"781\\\">Annular ring diameter \\u2264 0.35 mm (0.0138 in).<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"782\\\" data-end=\\\"1035\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"784\\\" data-end=\\\"1035\\\">These vias can be made by laser or mechanical drilling, or by dry\\\/wet etching, or by pattern transfer. Then a conductive plating covers the hole.<br \\\/>Note: If the hole diameter is &gt; 0.15 mm (0.00591 in), treat it as a through-hole under the same standard.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"1037\\\" data-end=\\\"1069\\\">Common drilling sizes for HDI<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1070\\\" data-end=\\\"1183\\\">Common via sizes for HDI are 3\\u20135 mil. Designers most often use 4 mil as a middle value for design and production.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"1185\\\" data-end=\\\"1221\\\">Common IPC standards used for HDI<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1222\\\" data-end=\\\"1265\\\">Typical IPC standards for HDI work include:<\\\/p>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"1266\\\" data-end=\\\"1627\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"1266\\\" data-end=\\\"1351\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1269\\\" data-end=\\\"1351\\\">IPC\\\/JPCA-2315 \\u2014 Guide for high density interconnect structure and microvia design.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"1352\\\" data-end=\\\"1441\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1355\\\" data-end=\\\"1441\\\">IPC-2226 \\u2014 Design standard for high density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit boards.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"1442\\\" data-end=\\\"1545\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1445\\\" data-end=\\\"1545\\\">IPC\\\/JPCA-4104 \\u2014 Specification for dielectric material validation and performance for HDI structures.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"1546\\\" data-end=\\\"1627\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1549\\\" data-end=\\\"1627\\\">IPC-6016 \\u2014 Specification for qualification and performance for HDI structures.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"1629\\\" data-end=\\\"1632\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"1634\\\" data-end=\\\"1668\\\">HDI routing: challenges and tips<\\\/h1>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"1670\\\" data-end=\\\"1695\\\">What HDI routing means<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1696\\\" data-end=\\\"2034\\\">HDI routing means using the latest design ideas and manufacturing methods to make a denser layout without changing the circuit function. In short, HDI uses more routing layers, smaller traces, smaller vias, smaller pads, and thinner cores. This lets you fit complex and often high-speed circuits into spaces that were not possible before.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2036\\\" data-end=\\\"2381\\\">As the manufacturing methods get better, HDI routing appears in many designs. You will find HDI in motherboards, graphics cards, phones, and other devices with little space. If you do HDI right, you can shrink the board size and also cut EMI problems on the PCB. Lowering cost is a key goal for many companies. HDI routing helps reach that goal.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"2383\\\" data-end=\\\"2411\\\">HDI routing and microvias<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2412\\\" data-end=\\\"2575\\\">HDI routing is more complex than normal multi-layer routing. You might know how to design 8-layer or 16-layer PCBs. Still, HDI introduces new ideas you must learn.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\">In a normal PCB, we view the whole board as one item with many layers. In HDI, designers must think of many ultra-thin layers stacked to form one board. The main driver for HDI routing is the via technology. Vias are no longer only the plated holes drilled through the finished stack. Traditional through-holes reduce the space available for routing on each layer.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\"><img class=\\\"size-full wp-image-2702 aligncenter\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/HDI-microvias.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"414\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"2943\\\" data-end=\\\"2982\\\">Traditional vias are not fit for HDI<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2983\\\" data-end=\\\"3410\\\">In HDI routing, microvias are the key. They let many dense layers connect together. To explain, microvias look like blind or buried vias but follow a different method. Traditional vias are drilled after the layers are stacked. Microvias are laser drilled on layers before stacking. Laser-drilled microvias allow the smallest hole sizes and pad sizes between layers. This helps with <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/bga-assmebly\\\/\\\">BGA<\\\/a> fan-out layouts where pins sit in a grid.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"3412\\\" data-end=\\\"3437\\\">HDI routing strategies<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"3438\\\" data-end=\\\"3697\\\">With microvias, PCB designers can route complex networks on many layers. This method is sometimes called \\u201cany-layer HDI\\u201d or \\u201cper-layer interconnect.\\u201d Because microvias save space, both outer layers can host dense parts while most routing sits on inner layers.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"3699\\\" data-end=\\\"3739\\\">Low impedance ground planes are vital<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"3740\\\" data-end=\\\"3971\\\">When parts and traces get denser in a multilayer board, the risk of EMI and magnetic coupling rises. For HDI design you must ensure the stack has the right structure. Provide enough ground planes to give low impedance return paths.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"3973\\\" data-end=\\\"4223\\\">Place inner routing layers between ground or power layers to cut cross-coupling and crosstalk. Keep high-speed signal paths short and keep their return paths short too. Plan microvias so they limit signal paths to a small area. This reduces EMI risk.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4225\\\" data-end=\\\"4304\\\">For safety, use proper simulation tools to model the HDI PCB before production.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"4306\\\" data-end=\\\"4309\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"4311\\\" data-end=\\\"4338\\\">Main benefits of HDI PCBs<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4339\\\" data-end=\\\"4522\\\">Many people want to reduce product size. One of the best ways is to use HDI PCBs. When you need less weight and smaller size but keep function and reliability, HDI is a good solution.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4524\\\" data-end=\\\"4537\\\">Key benefits:<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"4538\\\" data-end=\\\"4961\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"4538\\\" data-end=\\\"4689\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"4540\\\" data-end=\\\"4689\\\">HDI allows pad-in-pad and blind via use. This lets parts sit close and cuts trace length. Shorter traces often mean faster and more reliable signals.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"4690\\\" data-end=\\\"4825\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"4692\\\" data-end=\\\"4825\\\">These boards can give good performance at a fair cost. HDI is an affordable choice for people who need reliable, durable electronics.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"4826\\\" data-end=\\\"4961\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"4828\\\" data-end=\\\"4961\\\">To decide if HDI fits your project, learn more about them and how to use them. Know the differences between normal PCBs and HDI PCBs.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"4963\\\" data-end=\\\"4966\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"4968\\\" data-end=\\\"4999\\\">Where HDI PCBs are used today<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5000\\\" data-end=\\\"5058\\\">Because of their benefits, HDI PCBs appear in many fields.<\\\/p>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"5060\\\" data-end=\\\"5687\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"5060\\\" data-end=\\\"5305\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5063\\\" data-end=\\\"5305\\\">Medical devices \\u2014 Many medical tools must be small. Lab gear and implants often need tiny boards. HDI helps here. A pacemaker is a good example. Many monitoring and probe tools, like endoscopes, use HDI too. In these cases, smaller is better.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"5307\\\" data-end=\\\"5431\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5310\\\" data-end=\\\"5431\\\">Automotive \\u2014 Cars use space well. Some car electronics are getting smaller. HDI helps reduce size while keeping function.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"5433\\\" data-end=\\\"5537\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5436\\\" data-end=\\\"5537\\\">Mobile devices \\u2014 Tablets and phones use HDI. This is why these devices become thinner as they evolve.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"5539\\\" data-end=\\\"5687\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5542\\\" data-end=\\\"5687\\\">Aerospace and defense \\u2014 These fields use HDI for its reliability and small size. HDI shows up more as new designs need compact and stable boards.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\">Many other fields will use more HDI in the future.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\"><img class=\\\"size-full wp-image-2704 aligncenter\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"420\\\" height=\\\"280\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"5741\\\" data-end=\\\"5744\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"5746\\\" data-end=\\\"5780\\\">What makes an HDI PCB an HDI PCB<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5781\\\" data-end=\\\"6033\\\">An HDI PCB uses blind via plating and then a second lamination step. These boards can be first level, second level, third level, and higher. Makers usually build HDI boards by lamination steps. The more lamination steps, the higher the technical level.<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"6035\\\" data-end=\\\"6248\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"6035\\\" data-end=\\\"6084\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"6037\\\" data-end=\\\"6084\\\">Basic HDI boards often use one lamination step.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"6085\\\" data-end=\\\"6138\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"6087\\\" data-end=\\\"6138\\\">Higher level HDI uses two or more lamination steps.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"6139\\\" data-end=\\\"6248\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"6141\\\" data-end=\\\"6248\\\">High-level HDI may use stacked vias, plated filled vias, laser direct drilling, and other advanced methods.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6250\\\" data-end=\\\"6314\\\">Now we explain common layer stacks and how producers build them.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"6316\\\" data-end=\\\"6319\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"6321\\\" data-end=\\\"6359\\\">Simple single-laminate HDI (example)<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6360\\\" data-end=\\\"6700\\\">A simple single-laminate HDI board can be a 6-layer board with a 1+4+1 stack. This board is simple. The inner multi-layer board has no buried vias. One lamination completes the board. The manufacturing is similar to normal multilayer single-laminate boards. But after lamination you still need laser drilling for blind vias and other steps.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"6702\\\" data-end=\\\"6705\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"6707\\\" data-end=\\\"6749\\\">Normal single-laminate HDI (common case)<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6750\\\" data-end=\\\"7221\\\">A common single-laminate HDI has a structure (1 + N + 1) where N \\u2265 2 and N is even. For example, a single-laminate 6-layer HDI uses 1+4+1. This structure is the mainstream design for single-laminate HDI. The inner multi-layer often has buried vias that require a second lamination step to finish. This single-laminate type often has blind vias and buried vias. If designers can change this type into the simple single-laminate form above, both buyer and supplier benefit.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"7223\\\" data-end=\\\"7226\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"7228\\\" data-end=\\\"7270\\\">Normal double-laminate HDI (common case)<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"7271\\\" data-end=\\\"7697\\\">A common double-laminate HDI might be an 8-layer board with a 1+1+4+1+1 stack. This stack is (1+1+N+1+1) with N \\u2265 2 and even. This is the mainstream double-laminate design in the PCB industry. The inner multi-layer has buried vias that need three lamination steps. This type often does not have staggered via stacks. If you can change buried vias from layers 3\\u20136 to layers 2\\u20137, you can reduce one lamination step and cut cost.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"7699\\\" data-end=\\\"7702\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"7704\\\" data-end=\\\"7740\\\">Another common double-laminate HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"7741\\\" data-end=\\\"8283\\\">This type also uses (1+1+N+1+1). Even though it is a double-laminate structure, the buried via sits in a different place \\u2014 between layers 2 and 7. This change can reduce lamination steps from three to two. But this design has one hard point: it can create blind vias from layers 1\\u20133. You must split those into two sets (1\\u20132 and 2\\u20133) and make the 2\\u20133 inner blind vias with via filling. Via filling adds cost and difficulty. So during design, try to avoid stacked vias and change 1\\u20133 blind vias into staggered 1\\u20132 and 2\\u20133 blind and buried vias.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"8285\\\" data-end=\\\"8288\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"8290\\\" data-end=\\\"8348\\\">Uncommon double-laminate HDI with cross-layer blind vias<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"8349\\\" data-end=\\\"8842\\\">One uncommon double-laminate HDI 6-layer board uses 1+1+2+1+1. It still uses the (1+1+N+1+1) idea with N \\u2265 2 and even. This design has cross-layer blind vias. The blind via depth grows \\u2014 a 1\\u20133 depth blind via is twice the depth of a normal 1\\u20132 blind via. Customers who choose this design have specific needs and do not want the blind via split into stacked vias. These cross-layer blind vias are hard to drill by laser. Copper deposition and plating on such deep blind vias are also difficult.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"8844\\\" data-end=\\\"8847\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"8849\\\" data-end=\\\"8898\\\">Stacked blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"8899\\\" data-end=\\\"9278\\\">There is a type where buried vias at layers 2\\u20137 need stacked blind vias above them. This is still a (1+1+N+1+1) structure. Some double-laminate HDI boards use this method. The inner multi-layer has buried vias and needs two lamination steps. The key is that the stacked via design adds difficulty. But placing buried vias at layers 2\\u20137 reduces one lamination step and saves cost.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"9280\\\" data-end=\\\"9283\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"9285\\\" data-end=\\\"9338\\\">Cross-layer blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"9339\\\" data-end=\\\"9875\\\">Another double-laminate (1+1+N+1+1) design includes cross-layer blind vias. This design is harder to make and some HDI makers lack the skill. The inner multi-layer has buried vias in layers 3\\u20136 and needs three lamination steps. The main issue is the cross-layer blind via design. If you can split the 1\\u20133 cross-layer via into 1\\u20132 and 2\\u20133 blind vias, the cost drops and the process becomes simpler. Note: this split differs from the stacked-via split explained earlier. This split uses staggered blind vias instead of stacked blind vias.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"9877\\\" data-end=\\\"9880\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"9882\\\" data-end=\\\"9897\\\">Levels of HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"9898\\\" data-end=\\\"10118\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"9898\\\" data-end=\\\"9974\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"9900\\\" data-end=\\\"9974\\\">First-level (1st order) HDI is simple. The process and control are easier.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"9975\\\" data-end=\\\"10042\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"9977\\\" data-end=\\\"10042\\\">Second-level HDI is more complex in production and manufacturing.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"10043\\\" data-end=\\\"10118\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10045\\\" data-end=\\\"10118\\\">Third-level and above follow the second-level rules but are more complex.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"10120\\\" data-end=\\\"10123\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"10125\\\" data-end=\\\"10167\\\">Differences between HDI and regular PCBs<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10168\\\" data-end=\\\"10482\\\">HDI boards are often made by lamination techniques using thin core materials. The more laminations, the higher the process level. Most HDI boards use one lamination. High-level HDI uses two or more lamination techniques and adds advanced methods such as stacked vias, plated filled vias, and laser direct drilling.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10484\\\" data-end=\\\"10746\\\">When the relative density of a PCB gets higher than an eight-layer board, making it by HDI often costs less than doing complex traditional lamination and pressing. HDI boards often have higher mechanical strength and better signal accuracy than traditional PCBs.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10748\\\" data-end=\\\"10792\\\">Other improvements of HDI over regular PCBs:<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"10793\\\" data-end=\\\"10940\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"10793\\\" data-end=\\\"10843\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10795\\\" data-end=\\\"10843\\\">Better performance for microwave and RF signals.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"10844\\\" data-end=\\\"10914\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10846\\\" data-end=\\\"10914\\\">Better resistance to radio interference and electrostatic discharge.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"10915\\\" data-end=\\\"10940\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10917\\\" data-end=\\\"10940\\\">Better heat conduction.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10942\\\" data-end=\\\"11053\\\">High-density integration (HDI) allows end products to be smaller and more standard in function and performance.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"11055\\\" data-end=\\\"11058\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"11060\\\" data-end=\\\"11100\\\">Simple advice for designers and buyers<\\\/h1>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"11101\\\" data-end=\\\"11930\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"11101\\\" data-end=\\\"11162\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11104\\\" data-end=\\\"11162\\\">Use HDI when you need smaller size and better performance.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11163\\\" data-end=\\\"11245\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11166\\\" data-end=\\\"11245\\\">Talk to your PCB supplier early. HDI needs design-for-manufacture (DFM) checks.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11246\\\" data-end=\\\"11315\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11249\\\" data-end=\\\"11315\\\">Ask for IPC-based specs. Use IPC-2226 and IPC-6016 where possible.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11316\\\" data-end=\\\"11386\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11319\\\" data-end=\\\"11386\\\">Plan stackups with enough ground planes to keep return paths short.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11387\\\" data-end=\\\"11476\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11390\\\" data-end=\\\"11476\\\">Use microvia sizes that match your PCB house capability. Common: 3\\u20135 mil, often 4 mil.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11477\\\" data-end=\\\"11569\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11480\\\" data-end=\\\"11569\\\">Try to avoid stacked vias unless necessary. Staggered blind\\\/buried vias are often easier.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11570\\\" data-end=\\\"11655\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11573\\\" data-end=\\\"11655\\\">If you choose multi-step lamination HDI, expect more process steps and inspection.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11656\\\" data-end=\\\"11744\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11659\\\" data-end=\\\"11744\\\">Use proper simulation for high-speed or RF designs to check EMI and signal integrity.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11745\\\" data-end=\\\"11832\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11748\\\" data-end=\\\"11832\\\">For BGA fan-out, microvias and pad-in-pad help reduce fan-out area and trace length.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11833\\\" data-end=\\\"11930\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11837\\\" data-end=\\\"11930\\\">For cost control, reduce the number of lamination steps when you can. Optimize via placement.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"11932\\\" data-end=\\\"11935\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"11937\\\" data-end=\\\"11954\\\">Closing summary<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"11955\\\" data-end=\\\"12546\\\">HDI boards are high density interconnect PCBs that use micro blind and buried vias. They let designers pack more traces and parts into less space. HDI routing calls for careful stackup planning, good ground planes, exact microvia use, and proper DFM checks. HDI gives clear benefits on size, signal speed, and performance. HDI appears in many fields, from medical and mobile to automotive and aerospace. The more complex the HDI level, the more advanced the process and the higher the cost. Good design and early supplier communication will help you get the right HDI board for your product.<\\\/p>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"83b8d93\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"s1ztwe2\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"gap\":\"no\",\"content_position\":\"top\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"background_color\":\"#FFFFFF00\",\"background_position\":\"bottom center\",\"background_attachment\":\"scroll\",\"background_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"background_size\":\"cover\",\"background_size_mobile\":\"cover\",\"background_overlay_background\":\"classic\",\"background_overlay_color_b\":\"rgba(255,255,255,0)\",\"background_overlay_opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"120\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"120\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"80\",\"right\":\"40\",\"bottom\":\"80\",\"left\":\"40\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"25\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"25\",\"isLinked\":false},\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"34edf50\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"7882748\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null,\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"space_between_widgets\":40,\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"a7931df\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9fc6712\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Frequently Asked Questions\",\"align\":\"center\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"4cc2d19\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"631b990\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"tab_title\":\"What are microvias, blind vias and buried vias?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Microvias are very small vias (often laser-drilled) that connect only adjacent layers. Blind vias connect outer layers to inner layers; buried vias only connect inner layers. These via types save board space and improve routing.<\\\/p>\",\"_id\":\"9c164e4\"},{\"_id\":\"d65c929\",\"tab_title\":\"What are the main advantages of HDI PCBs?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Key benefits: higher component density, shorter signal paths (better signal integrity), smaller and lighter products, and improved routing for fine-pitch BGAs and high-speed circuits.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"0bc55ef\",\"tab_title\":\"Accordion Title\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Common applications: smartphones and mobile devices, 5G and network equipment, medical devices, aerospace, automotive electronics, and compact consumer products.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"900483d\",\"tab_title\":\"What design rules are special for HDI?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Important rules: limit microvia diameter and spacing, control dielectric thickness and impedance, plan BGA escape routes (dogbone fanouts), and avoid via-in-pad unless properly filled\\\/planarized. 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class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-c325e24 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"c325e24\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"2ce50fb","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<h2 data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"101\">What is an HDI PCB<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">An HDI board is a high density interconnect printed circuit board. It uses micro blind and buried vias. These boards have a high line density. They have inner layer traces and outer layer traces. They also use drilled holes and plated holes to link traces between layers. As electronic products get smaller and more precise, makers ask for denser PCBs. The best way to increase PCB density is to cut the number of through-holes and to add well-placed blind and buried vias. This need led to the HDI board.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2703 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb.webp\" alt=\"hdi pcb\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"626\">IPC definition<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"627\" data-end=\"681\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electronics.org\/TOC\/IPC-2226A.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">IPC-2226<\/a> gives a clear rule for blind and buried vias:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<li data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"734\">\n<p data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"734\">Via or buried via diameter \u2264 0.15 mm (0.00591 in).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"781\">\n<p data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"781\">Annular ring diameter \u2264 0.35 mm (0.0138 in).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"782\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<p data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"1035\">These vias can be made by laser or mechanical drilling, or by dry\/wet etching, or by pattern transfer. Then a conductive plating covers the hole.<br \/>Note: If the hole diameter is &gt; 0.15 mm (0.00591 in), treat it as a through-hole under the same standard.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1069\">Common drilling sizes for HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1183\">Common via sizes for HDI are 3\u20135 mil. Designers most often use 4 mil as a middle value for design and production.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1221\">Common IPC standards used for HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1222\" data-end=\"1265\">Typical IPC standards for HDI work include:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1351\">\n<p data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1351\">IPC\/JPCA-2315 \u2014 Guide for high density interconnect structure and microvia design.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1441\">\n<p data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1441\">IPC-2226 \u2014 Design standard for high density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit boards.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1545\">\n<p data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1545\">IPC\/JPCA-4104 \u2014 Specification for dielectric material validation and performance for HDI structures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1546\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<p data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1627\">IPC-6016 \u2014 Specification for qualification and performance for HDI structures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1632\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1668\">HDI routing: challenges and tips<\/h1>\n<h2 data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1695\">What HDI routing means<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"2034\">HDI routing means using the latest design ideas and manufacturing methods to make a denser layout without changing the circuit function. In short, HDI uses more routing layers, smaller traces, smaller vias, smaller pads, and thinner cores. This lets you fit complex and often high-speed circuits into spaces that were not possible before.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2381\">As the manufacturing methods get better, HDI routing appears in many designs. You will find HDI in motherboards, graphics cards, phones, and other devices with little space. If you do HDI right, you can shrink the board size and also cut EMI problems on the PCB. Lowering cost is a key goal for many companies. HDI routing helps reach that goal.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2411\">HDI routing and microvias<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2412\" data-end=\"2575\">HDI routing is more complex than normal multi-layer routing. You might know how to design 8-layer or 16-layer PCBs. Still, HDI introduces new ideas you must learn.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">In a normal PCB, we view the whole board as one item with many layers. In HDI, designers must think of many ultra-thin layers stacked to form one board. The main driver for HDI routing is the via technology. Vias are no longer only the plated holes drilled through the finished stack. Traditional through-holes reduce the space available for routing on each layer.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2702 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"2982\">Traditional vias are not fit for HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3410\">In HDI routing, microvias are the key. They let many dense layers connect together. To explain, microvias look like blind or buried vias but follow a different method. Traditional vias are drilled after the layers are stacked. Microvias are laser drilled on layers before stacking. Laser-drilled microvias allow the smallest hole sizes and pad sizes between layers. This helps with <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> fan-out layouts where pins sit in a grid.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3412\" data-end=\"3437\">HDI routing strategies<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3438\" data-end=\"3697\">With microvias, PCB designers can route complex networks on many layers. This method is sometimes called \u201cany-layer HDI\u201d or \u201cper-layer interconnect.\u201d Because microvias save space, both outer layers can host dense parts while most routing sits on inner layers.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3699\" data-end=\"3739\">Low impedance ground planes are vital<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3971\">When parts and traces get denser in a multilayer board, the risk of EMI and magnetic coupling rises. For HDI design you must ensure the stack has the right structure. Provide enough ground planes to give low impedance return paths.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3973\" data-end=\"4223\">Place inner routing layers between ground or power layers to cut cross-coupling and crosstalk. Keep high-speed signal paths short and keep their return paths short too. Plan microvias so they limit signal paths to a small area. This reduces EMI risk.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4225\" data-end=\"4304\">For safety, use proper simulation tools to model the HDI PCB before production.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4306\" data-end=\"4309\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4311\" data-end=\"4338\">Main benefits of HDI PCBs<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4339\" data-end=\"4522\">Many people want to reduce product size. One of the best ways is to use HDI PCBs. When you need less weight and smaller size but keep function and reliability, HDI is a good solution.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4524\" data-end=\"4537\">Key benefits:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4689\">\n<p data-start=\"4540\" data-end=\"4689\">HDI allows pad-in-pad and blind via use. This lets parts sit close and cuts trace length. Shorter traces often mean faster and more reliable signals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4690\" data-end=\"4825\">\n<p data-start=\"4692\" data-end=\"4825\">These boards can give good performance at a fair cost. HDI is an affordable choice for people who need reliable, durable electronics.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4826\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<p data-start=\"4828\" data-end=\"4961\">To decide if HDI fits your project, learn more about them and how to use them. Know the differences between normal PCBs and HDI PCBs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4963\" data-end=\"4966\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4968\" data-end=\"4999\">Where HDI PCBs are used today<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5000\" data-end=\"5058\">Because of their benefits, HDI PCBs appear in many fields.<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<li data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5305\">\n<p data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5305\">Medical devices \u2014 Many medical tools must be small. Lab gear and implants often need tiny boards. HDI helps here. A pacemaker is a good example. Many monitoring and probe tools, like endoscopes, use HDI too. In these cases, smaller is better.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5307\" data-end=\"5431\">\n<p data-start=\"5310\" data-end=\"5431\">Automotive \u2014 Cars use space well. Some car electronics are getting smaller. HDI helps reduce size while keeping function.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5433\" data-end=\"5537\">\n<p data-start=\"5436\" data-end=\"5537\">Mobile devices \u2014 Tablets and phones use HDI. This is why these devices become thinner as they evolve.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5539\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<p data-start=\"5542\" data-end=\"5687\">Aerospace and defense \u2014 These fields use HDI for its reliability and small size. HDI shows up more as new designs need compact and stable boards.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">Many other fields will use more HDI in the future.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2704 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"280\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5741\" data-end=\"5744\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"5746\" data-end=\"5780\">What makes an HDI PCB an HDI PCB<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5781\" data-end=\"6033\">An HDI PCB uses blind via plating and then a second lamination step. These boards can be first level, second level, third level, and higher. Makers usually build HDI boards by lamination steps. The more lamination steps, the higher the technical level.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<li data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6084\">\n<p data-start=\"6037\" data-end=\"6084\">Basic HDI boards often use one lamination step.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6085\" data-end=\"6138\">\n<p data-start=\"6087\" data-end=\"6138\">Higher level HDI uses two or more lamination steps.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6139\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<p data-start=\"6141\" data-end=\"6248\">High-level HDI may use stacked vias, plated filled vias, laser direct drilling, and other advanced methods.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6250\" data-end=\"6314\">Now we explain common layer stacks and how producers build them.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6316\" data-end=\"6319\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6321\" data-end=\"6359\">Simple single-laminate HDI (example)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6360\" data-end=\"6700\">A simple single-laminate HDI board can be a 6-layer board with a 1+4+1 stack. This board is simple. The inner multi-layer board has no buried vias. One lamination completes the board. The manufacturing is similar to normal multilayer single-laminate boards. But after lamination you still need laser drilling for blind vias and other steps.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6702\" data-end=\"6705\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6707\" data-end=\"6749\">Normal single-laminate HDI (common case)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6750\" data-end=\"7221\">A common single-laminate HDI has a structure (1 + N + 1) where N \u2265 2 and N is even. For example, a single-laminate 6-layer HDI uses 1+4+1. This structure is the mainstream design for single-laminate HDI. The inner multi-layer often has buried vias that require a second lamination step to finish. This single-laminate type often has blind vias and buried vias. If designers can change this type into the simple single-laminate form above, both buyer and supplier benefit.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7223\" data-end=\"7226\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7228\" data-end=\"7270\">Normal double-laminate HDI (common case)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7271\" data-end=\"7697\">A common double-laminate HDI might be an 8-layer board with a 1+1+4+1+1 stack. This stack is (1+1+N+1+1) with N \u2265 2 and even. This is the mainstream double-laminate design in the PCB industry. The inner multi-layer has buried vias that need three lamination steps. This type often does not have staggered via stacks. If you can change buried vias from layers 3\u20136 to layers 2\u20137, you can reduce one lamination step and cut cost.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7699\" data-end=\"7702\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7704\" data-end=\"7740\">Another common double-laminate HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7741\" data-end=\"8283\">This type also uses (1+1+N+1+1). Even though it is a double-laminate structure, the buried via sits in a different place \u2014 between layers 2 and 7. This change can reduce lamination steps from three to two. But this design has one hard point: it can create blind vias from layers 1\u20133. You must split those into two sets (1\u20132 and 2\u20133) and make the 2\u20133 inner blind vias with via filling. Via filling adds cost and difficulty. So during design, try to avoid stacked vias and change 1\u20133 blind vias into staggered 1\u20132 and 2\u20133 blind and buried vias.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8285\" data-end=\"8288\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8290\" data-end=\"8348\">Uncommon double-laminate HDI with cross-layer blind vias<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8349\" data-end=\"8842\">One uncommon double-laminate HDI 6-layer board uses 1+1+2+1+1. It still uses the (1+1+N+1+1) idea with N \u2265 2 and even. This design has cross-layer blind vias. The blind via depth grows \u2014 a 1\u20133 depth blind via is twice the depth of a normal 1\u20132 blind via. Customers who choose this design have specific needs and do not want the blind via split into stacked vias. These cross-layer blind vias are hard to drill by laser. Copper deposition and plating on such deep blind vias are also difficult.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8844\" data-end=\"8847\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8849\" data-end=\"8898\">Stacked blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8899\" data-end=\"9278\">There is a type where buried vias at layers 2\u20137 need stacked blind vias above them. This is still a (1+1+N+1+1) structure. Some double-laminate HDI boards use this method. The inner multi-layer has buried vias and needs two lamination steps. The key is that the stacked via design adds difficulty. But placing buried vias at layers 2\u20137 reduces one lamination step and saves cost.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9280\" data-end=\"9283\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9285\" data-end=\"9338\">Cross-layer blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"9339\" data-end=\"9875\">Another double-laminate (1+1+N+1+1) design includes cross-layer blind vias. This design is harder to make and some HDI makers lack the skill. The inner multi-layer has buried vias in layers 3\u20136 and needs three lamination steps. The main issue is the cross-layer blind via design. If you can split the 1\u20133 cross-layer via into 1\u20132 and 2\u20133 blind vias, the cost drops and the process becomes simpler. Note: this split differs from the stacked-via split explained earlier. This split uses staggered blind vias instead of stacked blind vias.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9877\" data-end=\"9880\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9882\" data-end=\"9897\">Levels of HDI<\/h1>\n<ul data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<li data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"9974\">\n<p data-start=\"9900\" data-end=\"9974\">First-level (1st order) HDI is simple. The process and control are easier.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9975\" data-end=\"10042\">\n<p data-start=\"9977\" data-end=\"10042\">Second-level HDI is more complex in production and manufacturing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10043\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<p data-start=\"10045\" data-end=\"10118\">Third-level and above follow the second-level rules but are more complex.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"10120\" data-end=\"10123\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"10125\" data-end=\"10167\">Differences between HDI and regular PCBs<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"10168\" data-end=\"10482\">HDI boards are often made by lamination techniques using thin core materials. The more laminations, the higher the process level. Most HDI boards use one lamination. High-level HDI uses two or more lamination techniques and adds advanced methods such as stacked vias, plated filled vias, and laser direct drilling.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10484\" data-end=\"10746\">When the relative density of a PCB gets higher than an eight-layer board, making it by HDI often costs less than doing complex traditional lamination and pressing. HDI boards often have higher mechanical strength and better signal accuracy than traditional PCBs.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10748\" data-end=\"10792\">Other improvements of HDI over regular PCBs:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<li data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10843\">\n<p data-start=\"10795\" data-end=\"10843\">Better performance for microwave and RF signals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10844\" data-end=\"10914\">\n<p data-start=\"10846\" data-end=\"10914\">Better resistance to radio interference and electrostatic discharge.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10915\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<p data-start=\"10917\" data-end=\"10940\">Better heat conduction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"10942\" data-end=\"11053\">High-density integration (HDI) allows end products to be smaller and more standard in function and performance.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"11055\" data-end=\"11058\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11060\" data-end=\"11100\">Simple advice for designers and buyers<\/h1>\n<ol data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<li data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11162\">\n<p data-start=\"11104\" data-end=\"11162\">Use HDI when you need smaller size and better performance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11163\" data-end=\"11245\">\n<p data-start=\"11166\" data-end=\"11245\">Talk to your PCB supplier early. HDI needs design-for-manufacture (DFM) checks.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11246\" data-end=\"11315\">\n<p data-start=\"11249\" data-end=\"11315\">Ask for IPC-based specs. Use IPC-2226 and IPC-6016 where possible.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11316\" data-end=\"11386\">\n<p data-start=\"11319\" data-end=\"11386\">Plan stackups with enough ground planes to keep return paths short.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11387\" data-end=\"11476\">\n<p data-start=\"11390\" data-end=\"11476\">Use microvia sizes that match your PCB house capability. Common: 3\u20135 mil, often 4 mil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11477\" data-end=\"11569\">\n<p data-start=\"11480\" data-end=\"11569\">Try to avoid stacked vias unless necessary. Staggered blind\/buried vias are often easier.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11570\" data-end=\"11655\">\n<p data-start=\"11573\" data-end=\"11655\">If you choose multi-step lamination HDI, expect more process steps and inspection.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11656\" data-end=\"11744\">\n<p data-start=\"11659\" data-end=\"11744\">Use proper simulation for high-speed or RF designs to check EMI and signal integrity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11745\" data-end=\"11832\">\n<p data-start=\"11748\" data-end=\"11832\">For BGA fan-out, microvias and pad-in-pad help reduce fan-out area and trace length.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11833\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<p data-start=\"11837\" data-end=\"11930\">For cost control, reduce the number of lamination steps when you can. Optimize via placement.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"11932\" data-end=\"11935\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11937\" data-end=\"11954\">Closing summary<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"11955\" data-end=\"12546\">HDI boards are high density interconnect PCBs that use micro blind and buried vias. They let designers pack more traces and parts into less space. HDI routing calls for careful stackup planning, good ground planes, exact microvia use, and proper DFM checks. HDI gives clear benefits on size, signal speed, and performance. HDI appears in many fields, from medical and mobile to automotive and aerospace. The more complex the HDI level, the more advanced the process and the higher the cost. Good design and early supplier communication will help you get the right HDI board for your product.<\/p>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"83b8d93"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<section class=\\\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-s1ztwe2 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\\\" data-id=\\\"s1ztwe2\\\" data-element_type=\\\"section\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-background-overlay\\\"><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\\\" data-id=\\\"7882748\\\" data-element_type=\\\"column\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"9fc6712\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Frequently Asked Questions<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"631b990\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are microvias, blind vias and buried vias?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\"><p>Microvias are very small vias (often laser-drilled) that connect only adjacent layers. Blind vias connect outer layers to inner layers; buried vias only connect inner layers. These via types save board space and improve routing.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are the main advantages of HDI PCBs?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\"><p>Key benefits: higher component density, shorter signal paths (better signal integrity), smaller and lighter products, and improved routing for fine-pitch BGAs and high-speed circuits.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Accordion Title<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\"><p>Common applications: smartphones and mobile devices, 5G and network equipment, medical devices, aerospace, automotive electronics, and compact consumer products.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What design rules are special for HDI?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\"><p>Important rules: limit microvia diameter and spacing, control dielectric thickness and impedance, plan BGA escape routes (dogbone fanouts), and avoid via-in-pad unless properly filled\\\/planarized. Follow DFM and your fabricator\\u2019s capability matrix.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Accordion Title<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\">Accordion Content<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/section>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-1915.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-1915.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"What is an HDI PCB An HDI board is a high density interconnect printed circuit board. It uses micro blind [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1915","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1915"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1915\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3330,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1915\/revisions\/3330"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}