{"id":1921,"date":"2025-08-25T02:26:59","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T02:26:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=1921"},"modified":"2025-09-26T09:20:59","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T09:20:59","slug":"bga-assmebly","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/","title":{"rendered":"BGA-Best\u00fcckung"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1921\" class=\"elementor elementor-1921\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ca6a79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2ca6a79\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48d66a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48d66a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"299\" data-end=\"314\">Vorwort<\/h2><p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"452\">Die Forschung zur BGA-Technologie begann in den 1960er Jahren. IBM in den Vereinigten Staaten verwendete sie zuerst. Praktisch wurde BGA aber erst Anfang der 1990er Jahre.<\/p><p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"452\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3456\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA_1.webp\" alt=\"BGA\" width=\"400\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA_1.webp 400w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA_1-286x300.webp 286w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"1182\">In den 1980er Jahren wollte man kleinere elektronische Schaltungen und mehr E\/A-Pins. <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-assembly\/smt-assembly\/\">Oberfl\u00e4chenmontagetechnik (SMT)<\/a> gab der Schaltungsmontage die Eigenschaften leicht, d\u00fcnn, kurz und klein zu sein. Die SMT-Technik stellte auch h\u00f6here Anforderungen an die Pinabst\u00e4nde und die Koplanarit\u00e4t von Teilen mit vielen Anschl\u00fcssen. Aufgrund von Einschr\u00e4nkungen bei der Bearbeitungsgenauigkeit, der Herstellbarkeit, den Kosten und dem Montageverfahren lag die Grenze f\u00fcr den Pitch von QFP-Bauteilen (Quad Flat Pack) im Allgemeinen bei 0,3 mm. Diese Grenze schr\u00e4nkte die Entwicklung von Baugruppen mit hoher Dichte stark ein. Au\u00dferdem erforderten QFP-Bauteile mit kleinem Raster strenge Montageverfahren. Das schr\u00e4nkte ihre Verwendung ein. Aus diesem Grund konzentrierten sich einige US-Unternehmen auf die Entwicklung und Verwendung von BGA-Bauteilen. Sie waren der Ansicht, dass BGA-Bauteile den QFP-Bauteilen bei hoher Packungsdichte \u00fcberlegen waren.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"1184\" data-end=\"1209\">Was ist BGA?<\/h2><p data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1560\">BGA steht f\u00fcr Ball Grid Array. In diesem Geh\u00e4use sind die L\u00f6tkugeln in einem Gitter auf der Unterseite des Geh\u00e4usesubstrats angeordnet. Diese Kugeln dienen als E\/A-Verbindungen zwischen dem Ger\u00e4t und der Leiterplatte (PCB). Die mit dieser Methode verpackten Teile sind oberfl\u00e4chenmontierte Bauteile. Fr\u00fche CPUs verwendeten DIP-Geh\u00e4use, wie einige sehr einfache Mikrocontroller heute.<\/p><p data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"2114\">Mit dem schnellen Wachstum der Elektronikindustrie sind Computer und Mobiltelefone heute weit verbreitet. Die Menschen wollen mehr Funktionen und eine h\u00f6here Leistung von elektronischen Produkten, aber sie wollen auch eine geringere Gr\u00f6\u00dfe und ein geringeres Gewicht. Dies f\u00fchrt dazu, dass die Produkte mehr Funktionen, h\u00f6here Leistung und geringere Gr\u00f6\u00dfe aufweisen m\u00fcssen. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, m\u00fcssen die IC-Chips kleiner und komplexer werden. Dadurch steigt die Anzahl der Schaltkreis-E\/A und die E\/A-Dichte des Geh\u00e4uses nimmt zu. Um diesem Trend gerecht zu werden, wurden fortschrittliche Verpackungstechnologien mit hoher Packungsdichte entwickelt. Das BGA-Geh\u00e4use ist eine dieser Technologien.<\/p><p data-start=\"2116\" data-end=\"2525\">Von allen IC-Geh\u00e4usetypen verzeichnete BGA zwischen 1996 und 2001 das schnellste Wachstum. Im Jahr 1999 betrug die BGA-Produktion etwa 1 Milliarde St\u00fcck. Bis heute wird diese Technologie haupts\u00e4chlich f\u00fcr Ger\u00e4te mit hoher Dichte und hoher Leistung eingesetzt. Die Entwicklung geht weiter zu feineren Abst\u00e4nden und h\u00f6heren E\/A-Zahlen. BGA-Geh\u00e4use werden haupts\u00e4chlich f\u00fcr PC-Chips\u00e4tze, Mikroprozessoren\/Controller, ASICs, Gate-Arrays, Speicher, DSPs, PDAs, PLDs und \u00e4hnliche Ger\u00e4te verwendet.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"2527\" data-end=\"2591\">BGA-Typen nach Geh\u00e4usematerial<\/h2><p data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2651\">Je nach Geh\u00e4usematerial umfassen BGA-Bauelemente haupts\u00e4chlich:<\/p><ul data-start=\"2653\" data-end=\"2776\"><li data-start=\"2653\" data-end=\"2673\"><p data-start=\"2655\" data-end=\"2673\">PBGA (Kunststoff-BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2674\" data-end=\"2694\"><p data-start=\"2676\" data-end=\"2694\">CBGA (Keramisches BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2723\"><p data-start=\"2697\" data-end=\"2723\">CCBGA (Keramisches S\u00e4ulen-BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2724\" data-end=\"2741\"><p data-start=\"2726\" data-end=\"2741\">TBGA (Tape BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2742\" data-end=\"2776\"><p data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2776\">CSP (Chip Scale Package oder \u03bcBGA)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"2778\" data-end=\"2839\">PBGA - Kunststoff-Kugel-Gitter-Array<\/h2><p data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"3156\">PBGA verwendet BT-Harz\/Glas-Laminat als Substrat. Das Geh\u00e4use ist mit Kunststoff (einer Epoxidformmasse) versiegelt. Die L\u00f6tkugeln k\u00f6nnen aus bleihaltigen Legierungen (z. B. 63Sn37Pb, 62Sn36Pb2Ag) oder bleifreien Legierungen (z. B. Sn96,5Ag3Cu0,5) bestehen. Die L\u00f6tkugeln und der Geh\u00e4usek\u00f6rper werden ohne Zugabe von zus\u00e4tzlichem Lot zusammengef\u00fcgt.<\/p><p data-start=\"3158\" data-end=\"3392\">Einige PBGA-Geh\u00e4use haben einen Hohlraum. Es gibt sie in den Versionen \u201cHohlraum oben\u201d und \u201cHohlraum unten\u201d. Diese PBGA-Geh\u00e4use mit Hohlraum verbessern die W\u00e4rmeableitung und werden als thermisch verbesserte BGA oder EBGA bezeichnet. Manche nennen sie auch CPBGA (Cavity Plastic BGA).<\/p><h3>Vorteile von PBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"3415\" data-end=\"3833\"><li data-start=\"3415\" data-end=\"3639\"><p data-start=\"3418\" data-end=\"3639\">Gute thermische Anpassung an die Leiterplatte. Das BT-Harz\/Glas-Laminat in PBGA hat einen W\u00e4rmeausdehnungskoeffizienten (CTE) von etwa 14 ppm\/\u00b0C. Viele PCBs haben einen CTE von etwa 17 ppm\/\u00b0C. Die beiden Werte liegen nahe beieinander. Die thermische Anpassung ist also gut.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3640\" data-end=\"3788\"><p data-start=\"3643\" data-end=\"3788\">Beim Reflow-L\u00f6ten nutzt PBGA den Selbstausrichtungseffekt der Lotkugeln. Die Oberfl\u00e4chenspannung des geschmolzenen Lots hilft bei der Ausrichtung der Kugeln auf den Pads.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3801\"><p data-start=\"3792\" data-end=\"3801\">Geringe Kosten.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3802\" data-end=\"3833\"><p data-start=\"3805\" data-end=\"3833\">Gute elektrische Leistung.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Nachteil von PBGA:<\/h3><ul data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3960\"><li data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3960\"><p data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3960\">Empfindlich gegen Feuchtigkeit. Nicht geeignet f\u00fcr Ger\u00e4te, die eine hermetische Abdichtung oder sehr hohe Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit erfordern.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"3962\" data-end=\"4024\">CBGA - Keramisches Kugelgitter-Array<\/h2><p data-start=\"4026\" data-end=\"4423\">CBGA hat die l\u00e4ngste Geschichte unter den BGA-Familien. Das Substrat ist eine mehrschichtige Keramik. Zum Schutz des Chips, der Drahtbindungen und der Pads ist ein Metalldeckel mit L\u00f6tmittel auf dem Substrat versiegelt. Das Lotkugelmaterial f\u00fcr das Geh\u00e4use ist eine Hochtemperaturlegierung, die im Quellentext als 10Sn90Pb bezeichnet wird. F\u00fcr die Verbindung zwischen den Kugeln und dem Geh\u00e4usek\u00f6rper wird eine Niedrigtemperaturlegierung wie 63Sn37Pb verwendet.<\/p><p data-start=\"4026\" data-end=\"4423\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3457\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/CBGA.webp\" alt=\"CBGA\" width=\"492\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/CBGA.webp 492w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/CBGA-300x165.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><\/p><h3>Vorteile von CBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4655\"><li data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4537\"><p data-start=\"4449\" data-end=\"4537\">Gute Hermetizit\u00e4t und hohe Best\u00e4ndigkeit gegen Feuchtigkeit. Das gibt eine hohe langfristige Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4580\"><p data-start=\"4541\" data-end=\"4580\">Bessere elektrische Isolierung als PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4581\" data-end=\"4617\"><p data-start=\"4584\" data-end=\"4617\">H\u00f6here Packungsdichte als PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4618\" data-end=\"4655\"><p data-start=\"4621\" data-end=\"4655\">Bessere W\u00e4rmeableitung als PBGA.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Nachteile von CBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"4681\" data-end=\"4894\"><li data-start=\"4681\" data-end=\"4805\"><p data-start=\"4684\" data-end=\"4805\">Der WAK von Keramiksubstrat und PCB ist sehr unterschiedlich. Die thermische Fehlanpassung ist schlecht. Erm\u00fcdung der L\u00f6tstellen ist eine der Hauptfehlerarten.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4806\" data-end=\"4831\"><p data-start=\"4809\" data-end=\"4831\">H\u00f6here Kosten als PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4832\" data-end=\"4894\"><p data-start=\"4835\" data-end=\"4894\">Die Ausrichtung der L\u00f6tkugeln in der N\u00e4he der Geh\u00e4usekante wird schwieriger.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"4896\" data-end=\"4951\">TBGA - Tape Ball Grid Array<\/h2><p data-start=\"4953\" data-end=\"5613\">TBGA ist ein Hohlraumgeh\u00e4use. Bei TBGA gibt es zwei M\u00f6glichkeiten, den Chip mit dem Substrat zu verbinden: Flip-Chip-L\u00f6tung und Drahtbonden. Beim Flip-Chip-Bonden wird der Chip auf ein mehrlagiges flexibles Verdrahtungsband gebondet. Die L\u00f6tkugeln des Peripherie-Arrays, die als E\/A-Anschl\u00fcsse dienen, werden unter dem flexiblen Band angebracht. Ein dicker Dichtungsdeckel dient sowohl als K\u00fchlk\u00f6rper als auch als Verst\u00e4rkung. Dadurch werden die L\u00f6tkugeln unter dem flexiblen Substrat koplanarer. Der Chip ist mit einem Kupfer-W\u00e4rmespreizer im Hohlraum verbunden. Die Pads des Chips und die Pads des flexiblen Bandes sind durch Bonddr\u00e4hte verbunden. Ein Dichtungsmittel umschlie\u00dft das Die, die Dr\u00e4hte und die flexiblen Bandpads (durch Vergie\u00dfen oder Beschichten).<\/p><h3>Vorteile von TBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"5636\" data-end=\"5919\"><li data-start=\"5636\" data-end=\"5713\"><p data-start=\"5639\" data-end=\"5713\">Das flexible Band in der Verpackung passt sich besser an die W\u00e4rmeausdehnung der Leiterplatte an.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5714\" data-end=\"5837\"><p data-start=\"5717\" data-end=\"5837\">Beim Reflow-L\u00f6ten kann der Selbstausrichtungseffekt des Lots genutzt werden. Die Oberfl\u00e4chenspannung der geschmolzenen Kugeln hilft bei der Ausrichtung der Kugeln auf den Pads.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5838\" data-end=\"5881\"><p data-start=\"5841\" data-end=\"5881\">TBGA ist das wirtschaftlichste BGA-Geh\u00e4use.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5882\" data-end=\"5919\"><p data-start=\"5885\" data-end=\"5919\">Bessere W\u00e4rmeableitung als PBGA.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Nachteile von TBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"5945\" data-end=\"6041\"><li data-start=\"5945\" data-end=\"5970\"><p data-start=\"5948\" data-end=\"5970\">Empfindlich gegen Feuchtigkeit.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5971\" data-end=\"6041\"><p data-start=\"5974\" data-end=\"6041\">Mehrere Materialschichten in der Verpackung k\u00f6nnen die Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit verringern.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"6043\" data-end=\"6074\">Andere BGA-Typen<\/h2><p data-start=\"6076\" data-end=\"6104\">Andere Paketformen sind:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6106\" data-end=\"6378\"><li data-start=\"6106\" data-end=\"6144\"><p data-start=\"6108\" data-end=\"6144\">MCM-PBGA (Mehrfach-Chip-Modul-PBGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6145\" data-end=\"6185\"><p data-start=\"6147\" data-end=\"6185\">\u03bcBGA (Mikro-BGA), ein Geh\u00e4use im Chipma\u00dfstab<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6186\" data-end=\"6218\"><p data-start=\"6188\" data-end=\"6218\">SBGA (Stacked Ball Grid Array)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6219\" data-end=\"6301\"><p data-start=\"6221\" data-end=\"6301\">etBGA (extra d\u00fcnnes BGA), bei dem die Geh\u00e4useh\u00f6he etwa 0,5 mm betr\u00e4gt, was der Chipdicke nahe kommt<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6302\" data-end=\"6378\"><p data-start=\"6304\" data-end=\"6378\">CTBGA, CVBGA (Thin and Very Thin Chip Array BGA) - d\u00fcnne und sehr d\u00fcnne BGAs<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"6380\" data-end=\"6411\">Standard-Nacharbeit<\/h2><p data-start=\"6413\" data-end=\"6934\">Prinzip der Standard-SMD-Rework-Systeme:<br \/>Sie verwenden Hei\u00dfluft, um die Hitze auf die Stifte und Pads von oberfl\u00e4chenmontierten Bauteilen (SMD) zu konzentrieren. Dadurch werden die L\u00f6tstellen geschmolzen oder die L\u00f6tpaste flie\u00dft zur\u00fcck, so dass die Teile entfernt oder gel\u00f6tet werden k\u00f6nnen. Die Rework-Systeme der verschiedenen Anbieter unterscheiden sich vor allem durch die W\u00e4rmequelle und das Str\u00f6mungsmuster der Hei\u00dfluft. Einige D\u00fcsen blasen Hei\u00dfluft \u00fcber die SMDs. Aus Sicht des Bauteilschutzes ist es besser, den Luftstrom um die Leiterplatte herum zirkulieren zu lassen. Um einen Verzug der Leiterplatte zu vermeiden, sollten Sie ein Rework-System w\u00e4hlen, das die Leiterplatte vorw\u00e4rmen kann.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"6936\" data-end=\"6957\">BGA-Nacharbeit<\/h2><p data-start=\"6959\" data-end=\"7036\">Dieser Abschnitt fasst die BGA-Rework-Schritte am Beispiel eines HT996-Systems zusammen.<\/p><ol data-start=\"7038\" data-end=\"7057\"><li data-start=\"7038\" data-end=\"7057\"><p data-start=\"7041\" data-end=\"7057\"><strong>Ausbauen des BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7059\" data-end=\"7268\">Reinigen und gl\u00e4tten Sie die Lotreste auf den Leiterplattenpads mit einem L\u00f6tkolben. Verwenden Sie bei Bedarf Entl\u00f6tlitze und eine L\u00f6tkolbenspitze mit flacher Klinge. Achten Sie beim Reinigen darauf, dass Sie die Pads oder die L\u00f6tmaske nicht besch\u00e4digen.<\/p><p data-start=\"7270\" data-end=\"7316\">Verwenden Sie einen speziellen Reiniger, um Flussmittelr\u00fcckst\u00e4nde zu entfernen.<\/p><ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"7318\" data-end=\"7341\"><li data-start=\"7318\" data-end=\"7341\"><p data-start=\"7321\" data-end=\"7341\"><strong>Dehydratisierung (Backen)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7343\" data-end=\"7495\">PBGA-Bauteile sind empfindlich gegen\u00fcber Feuchtigkeit. Pr\u00fcfen Sie vor dem Zusammenbau, ob das Teil Feuchtigkeit aufgenommen hat. Wenn es feucht ist, f\u00fchren Sie einen Backvorgang durch, um die Feuchtigkeit zu entfernen.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"7497\" data-end=\"7521\"><li data-start=\"7497\" data-end=\"7521\"><p data-start=\"7500\" data-end=\"7521\"><strong>L\u00f6tpastendruck<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7523\" data-end=\"7911\">Da sich bereits andere Bauteile auf der Platine befinden, verwenden Sie eine spezielle kleine BGA-Schablone. Die Schablonendicke und die \u00d6ffnungsgr\u00f6\u00dfe h\u00e4ngen vom Kugeldurchmesser und -abstand ab. Pr\u00fcfen Sie nach dem Druck die Druckqualit\u00e4t. Wenn sie nicht gut ist, reinigen Sie die Leiterplatte und trocknen Sie sie, dann drucken Sie erneut. Bei CSP mit einem Pitch unter 0,4 mm kann der Druck der Lotpaste \u00fcbersprungen werden. Tragen Sie in diesem Fall Flussmittelpaste direkt auf die Leiterplattenpads auf.<\/p><p data-start=\"7913\" data-end=\"8078\">Legen Sie die Leiterplatte in den Reflow-Ofen, um das Teil zu entfernen. Starten Sie das Reflow-Programm. Verwenden Sie bei Erreichen der Spitzentemperatur einen Vakuumsauger, um das Bauteil zu entfernen. Lassen Sie die Leiterplatte abk\u00fchlen.<\/p><ol start=\"4\" data-start=\"8080\" data-end=\"8095\"><li data-start=\"8080\" data-end=\"8095\"><p data-start=\"8083\" data-end=\"8095\"><strong>Pad-Reinigung<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8097\" data-end=\"8233\">Verwenden Sie einen L\u00f6tkolben und eine Entl\u00f6tlitze, um die L\u00f6tr\u00fcckst\u00e4nde auf den Leiterplattenpads zu reinigen und zu beseitigen. Achten Sie darauf, dass Sie die Pads und die L\u00f6tmaske nicht besch\u00e4digen.<\/p><ol start=\"5\" data-start=\"8235\" data-end=\"8257\"><li data-start=\"8235\" data-end=\"8257\"><p data-start=\"8238\" data-end=\"8257\"><strong>Dehydrierung (wieder)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8259\" data-end=\"8341\">Da PBGA feuchtigkeitsempfindlich ist, sollten Sie feuchte Teile vor dem Zusammenbau \u00fcberpr\u00fcfen und ausbacken.<\/p><ol start=\"6\" data-start=\"8343\" data-end=\"8375\"><li data-start=\"8343\" data-end=\"8375\"><p data-start=\"8346\" data-end=\"8375\"><strong>L\u00f6tpastendruck (erneut)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8377\" data-end=\"8668\">Verwenden Sie wie zuvor eine kleine BGA-spezifische Schablone. Die Schablonendicke und die \u00d6ffnung m\u00fcssen mit der Kugelgr\u00f6\u00dfe und dem Abstand \u00fcbereinstimmen. Pr\u00fcfen Sie nach dem Druck die Druckqualit\u00e4t. Wenn sie nicht akzeptabel ist, reinigen und trocknen Sie die Leiterplatte und drucken Sie erneut. Bei CSP mit einem Pitch unter 0,4 mm k\u00f6nnen Sie den Druck \u00fcberspringen und Flussmittelpaste auf die Pads auftragen.<\/p><ol start=\"7\" data-start=\"8670\" data-end=\"8688\"><li data-start=\"8670\" data-end=\"8688\"><p data-start=\"8673\" data-end=\"8688\"><strong>Platzierung des BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8690\" data-end=\"8777\">Wenn das BGA neu ist, pr\u00fcfen Sie seinen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt. Wenn es feucht ist, backen Sie es vor dem Einsetzen.<\/p><p data-start=\"8690\" data-end=\"8777\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3459\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Placing-the-BGA.webp\" alt=\"Placing the BGA\" width=\"557\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Placing-the-BGA.webp 557w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Placing-the-BGA-300x269.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"8779\" data-end=\"8881\">Im Allgemeinen k\u00f6nnen ausgebaute BGA-Teile wiederverwendet werden. Sie m\u00fcssen jedoch zuerst wieder eingegossen werden. Schritte zur Platzierung eines BGA:<\/p><p data-start=\"8883\" data-end=\"8941\">A. Legen Sie die Leiterplatte mit gedruckter Lotpaste auf die Werkbank.<\/p><p data-start=\"8943\" data-end=\"9136\">B. W\u00e4hlen Sie eine geeignete D\u00fcse und schalten Sie die Vakuumpumpe ein. Nehmen Sie das BGA mit der D\u00fcse auf, richten Sie die Unterseite des BGA an den Leiterplattenpads aus, senken Sie die D\u00fcse ab und platzieren Sie das BGA auf der Leiterplatte, schalten Sie dann das Vakuum aus.<\/p><ol start=\"8\" data-start=\"9138\" data-end=\"9157\"><li data-start=\"9138\" data-end=\"9157\"><p data-start=\"9141\" data-end=\"9157\"><strong>Reflow-L\u00f6ten<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"9159\" data-end=\"9313\">Stellen Sie das Reflow-Profil entsprechend der Bauteilgr\u00f6\u00dfe und der Leiterplattendicke ein. BGA-Reflow-Temperaturen sind im Allgemeinen etwa 15 \u00b0C h\u00f6her als bei herk\u00f6mmlichen SMD-Bauteilen.<\/p><ol start=\"9\" data-start=\"9315\" data-end=\"9328\"><li data-start=\"9315\" data-end=\"9328\"><p data-start=\"9318\" data-end=\"9328\"><strong>Inspektion<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"9330\" data-end=\"9494\">Die Qualit\u00e4t von BGA-L\u00f6tstellen wird normalerweise mit R\u00f6ntgen- oder Ultraschallger\u00e4ten gepr\u00fcft. Wenn Sie nicht \u00fcber diese Ger\u00e4te verf\u00fcgen, verwenden Sie Funktionstests oder erfahrene Sichtpr\u00fcfungen.<\/p><p data-start=\"9496\" data-end=\"9774\">Halten Sie die fertige Leiterplatte gegen ein Licht und pr\u00fcfen Sie die BGA-Kanten. Achten Sie darauf, ob Licht durchkommt, ob der Spalt zwischen BGA und Leiterplatte an den Seiten gleichm\u00e4\u00dfig ist, ob die L\u00f6tpaste vollst\u00e4ndig geschmolzen ist, ob die Form der L\u00f6tkugel gleichm\u00e4\u00dfig ist und wie stark die Kugel zusammenf\u00e4llt.<\/p><p data-start=\"9496\" data-end=\"9774\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3454\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-Inspection.webp\" alt=\"BGA Inspection\" width=\"600\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-Inspection.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-Inspection-300x239.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"9776\" data-end=\"9860\">Wenn die Verbindung nicht durchsichtig ist, kann es zu \u00dcberbr\u00fcckungen oder L\u00f6tkugeln zwischen den Pads kommen.<\/p><p data-start=\"9862\" data-end=\"10005\">Wenn die Kugelform unregelm\u00e4\u00dfig oder schief ist, kann die Temperatur zu niedrig sein. Unvollst\u00e4ndiges L\u00f6ten kann den Selbstausrichtungseffekt beim Reflow verhindern.<\/p><p data-start=\"10007\" data-end=\"10267\">Die H\u00f6he des Ball Collapse h\u00e4ngt von der Reflow-Temperatur, der Pastenmenge und der Pad-Gr\u00f6\u00dfe ab. Bei korrektem Pad-Design betr\u00e4gt der normale Kollaps nach dem Reflow etwa 1\/5 bis 1\/3 der Pre-Reflow-Kugelh\u00f6he. Wenn der Kollaps zu gro\u00df ist, ist die Temperatur zu hoch und es kann zu Br\u00fcckenbildung kommen.<\/p><p data-start=\"10269\" data-end=\"10370\">Wenn der Abstand zwischen den BGA-Kanten und der Leiterplatte nicht gleichm\u00e4\u00dfig ist, ist die Temperatur um das Geh\u00e4use herum nicht gleichm\u00e4\u00dfig.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"10372\" data-end=\"10456\">Reballing-Verfahren (L\u00f6tkugelbefestigung)<\/h2><ol data-start=\"10458\" data-end=\"10517\"><li data-start=\"10458\" data-end=\"10517\"><p data-start=\"10461\" data-end=\"10517\"><strong>Entfernen Sie L\u00f6tmittelreste auf den unteren BGA-Pads und reinigen Sie sie.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"10519\" data-end=\"10682\">Verwenden Sie einen L\u00f6tkolben, um L\u00f6tmittelreste auf den Leiterplattenpads zu entfernen. Verwenden Sie Entl\u00f6tlitze und eine flache L\u00f6tkolbenspitze. Achten Sie darauf, dass Sie die Pads oder die L\u00f6tmaske nicht besch\u00e4digen.<\/p><p data-start=\"10684\" data-end=\"10728\">Verwenden Sie einen Spezialreiniger, um Flussmittelr\u00fcckst\u00e4nde zu entfernen.<\/p><p data-start=\"10684\" data-end=\"10728\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3461\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Remove-residual-solder-on-the-BGA-bottom-pads-and-clean.webp\" alt=\"Remove residual solder on the BGA bottom pads and clean\" width=\"435\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Remove-residual-solder-on-the-BGA-bottom-pads-and-clean.webp 435w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Remove-residual-solder-on-the-BGA-bottom-pads-and-clean-300x277.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\" \/><\/p><ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"10730\" data-end=\"10773\"><li data-start=\"10730\" data-end=\"10773\"><p data-start=\"10733\" data-end=\"10773\"><strong>Flussmittel auf die unteren Pads des BGAs drucken<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"11038\">Verwenden Sie h\u00e4ufig hochviskose Flussmittel, da sie gut haften und das L\u00f6ten erleichtern. Stellen Sie sicher, dass die gedruckten Flussmittelmuster klar sind und sich nicht ausbreiten. Manchmal wird anstelle von Flussmittel auch L\u00f6tpaste verwendet. Wenn Paste verwendet wird, muss die Metallzusammensetzung der Paste mit dem Metall der L\u00f6tkugel \u00fcbereinstimmen.<\/p><p data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"11038\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3460\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Print-flux.webp\" alt=\"Print flux\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Print-flux.webp 500w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Print-flux-300x225.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"11040\" data-end=\"11222\">Verwenden Sie zum Drucken eine kleine spezielle BGA-Schablone. Schablonendicke und -\u00f6ffnung m\u00fcssen dem Kugeldurchmesser und -abstand entsprechen. Pr\u00fcfen Sie nach dem Druck die Druckqualit\u00e4t. Wenn sie nicht gut ist, reinigen und neu drucken.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"11224\" data-end=\"11246\"><li data-start=\"11224\" data-end=\"11246\"><p data-start=\"11227\" data-end=\"11246\">Lotkugeln ausw\u00e4hlen<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"11248\" data-end=\"11449\">Bei der Auswahl der L\u00f6tkugeln sollten Sie auf das Material und den Durchmesser der Kugeln achten. PBGA-L\u00f6tkugeln bestehen normalerweise aus 63Sn\/37Pb, der gleichen Legierung wie Reflow-Lot. W\u00e4hlen Sie also Kugeln mit der gleichen Legierung wie die Ger\u00e4tekugeln.<\/p><p data-start=\"11451\" data-end=\"11634\">Die Wahl der Kugelgr\u00f6\u00dfe ist wichtig. Wenn Sie hochviskoses Flussmittel verwenden, w\u00e4hlen Sie Kugeln mit demselben Durchmesser wie die Bauelementekugeln. Wenn Sie L\u00f6tpaste verwenden, w\u00e4hlen Sie Kugeln, die etwas kleiner sind als die Bauteilkugeln.<\/p><ol start=\"4\" data-start=\"11636\" data-end=\"11654\"><li data-start=\"11636\" data-end=\"11654\"><p data-start=\"11639\" data-end=\"11654\"><strong>Befestigung der Kugel<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"11656\" data-end=\"11698\">Es gibt verschiedene Methoden, B\u00e4lle zu befestigen:<\/p><p data-start=\"11700\" data-end=\"11722\"><strong>A) Methode mit der Kugelm\u00fchle<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"11724\" data-end=\"12016\">Wenn Sie eine Ball-Maschine haben, w\u00e4hlen Sie eine Schablone, die dem Layout des BGA-Pads entspricht. Die \u00d6ffnung der Schablone sollte 0,05-0,1 mm gr\u00f6\u00dfer sein als der Kugeldurchmesser. Verteilen Sie die Kugeln gleichm\u00e4\u00dfig auf der Schablone. Sch\u00fctteln Sie die Kugelmaschine, so dass zus\u00e4tzliche Kugeln in die Auffangschale rollen und genau eine Kugel in jedem Loch verbleibt.<\/p><p data-start=\"12018\" data-end=\"12392\">Legen Sie die Schablone auf die Werkbank. Nehmen Sie das gedruckte, mit Flussmittel oder Paste beschichtete BGA mit einer Vakuumd\u00fcse auf. Richten Sie das BGA auf den Kugeln in der Schablone aus und senken Sie es ab, so dass die Paste oder das Flussmittel die Kugeln auf den Bauteilpads h\u00e4lt. Verwenden Sie eine Pinzette, um den Rahmen des Bauteils zu halten, und schalten Sie das Vakuum aus. Legen Sie das Bauteil mit der Kugelseite nach oben auf den Arbeitstisch. Pr\u00fcfen Sie, ob Kugeln fehlen, und f\u00fcgen Sie sie bei Bedarf mit einer Pinzette hinzu.<\/p><p data-start=\"12394\" data-end=\"12412\"><strong>B) Schablonenmethode<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"12414\" data-end=\"12919\">Legen Sie das mit Flussmittel oder Paste beschichtete BGA mit dem Flussmittel nach oben auf die Werkbank. Bereiten Sie eine Schablone vor, die dem Layout des BGA-Pads entspricht. Die \u00d6ffnung der Schablone sollte 0,05-0,1 mm gr\u00f6\u00dfer als der Kugeldurchmesser sein. St\u00fctzen Sie die Schablone an den R\u00e4ndern auf Unterlegscheiben ab, so dass der Abstand zum BGA gleich oder etwas geringer als der Kugeldurchmesser ist. Richten Sie die Schablone unter einem Mikroskop aus. Verteilen Sie die Kugeln gleichm\u00e4\u00dfig auf der Schablone. \u00dcberz\u00e4hlige Kugeln mit einer Pinzette entfernen, so dass in jedem Loch eine Kugel verbleibt. Entfernen Sie die Schablone und pr\u00fcfen Sie, ob die fehlenden Kugeln noch vorhanden sind.<\/p><p data-start=\"12921\" data-end=\"12940\"><strong>C) Manuelle Platzierung<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"12942\" data-end=\"13080\">Legen Sie das mit Flussmittel oder Paste beschichtete BGA auf die Werkbank. Verwenden Sie eine Pinzette oder einen Pick-up-Stift wie bei der normalen SMD-Best\u00fcckung, um die Kugeln einzeln zu platzieren.<\/p><p data-start=\"12942\" data-end=\"13080\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3458\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manual-placement.webp\" alt=\"Manual placement\" width=\"600\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manual-placement.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manual-placement-300x195.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"13082\" data-end=\"13113\"><strong>D) L\u00f6tpastendruckverfahren<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"13115\" data-end=\"13272\">Machen Sie die Schablone dicker und vergr\u00f6\u00dfern Sie die \u00d6ffnung leicht. Drucken Sie Lotpaste direkt auf die BGA-Pads. Durch die Oberfl\u00e4chenspannung bilden sich nach dem Reflow L\u00f6tkugeln.<\/p><ol start=\"5\" data-start=\"13274\" data-end=\"13283\"><li data-start=\"13274\" data-end=\"13283\"><p data-start=\"13277\" data-end=\"13283\"><strong>Reflow<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"13285\" data-end=\"13330\">F\u00fchren Sie das Reflow-Verfahren durch, um die L\u00f6tkugeln auf dem Bauteil zu fixieren.<\/p><ol start=\"6\" data-start=\"13332\" data-end=\"13368\"><li data-start=\"13332\" data-end=\"13368\"><p data-start=\"13335\" data-end=\"13368\"><strong>Reinigung und Handhabung nach dem L\u00f6ten<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"13370\" data-end=\"13554\">Reinigen Sie den BGA-Baustein nach dem Reballing gr\u00fcndlich. Montieren und l\u00f6ten Sie es dann so schnell wie m\u00f6glich. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass die L\u00f6tkugeln oxidieren und das Bauteil Feuchtigkeit aufnimmt.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"13556\" data-end=\"13587\"><strong>Zusammenfassung<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"13589\" data-end=\"13894\">Mit den st\u00e4ndigen Fortschritten in der Technologie ist das moderne Leben eng mit der Elektronik verbunden. Winzige Mobiltelefone, kleine Radios, tragbare Computer, Speicher, Festplatten, CD-Laufwerke und hochaufl\u00f6sende Fernsehger\u00e4te erfordern alle eine Miniaturisierung und ein geringes Gewicht. Um dies zu erreichen, m\u00fcssen wir an Produktionsprozessen und Komponenten arbeiten.<\/p><p data-start=\"13896\" data-end=\"14376\">SMT (Surface Mount Technology) entsprach diesem Trend und legte den Grundstein f\u00fcr leichte, d\u00fcnne, kurze und kleine elektronische Produkte. Seit die SMT in den 1990er Jahren ausgereift ist, haben die Trends bei elektronischen Produkten in Richtung Tragbarkeit, Miniaturisierung, Vernetzung und Multimedia die Montagetechnologie weiter vorangetrieben. Es entstanden neue Best\u00fcckungsmethoden mit hoher Packungsdichte. BGA ist eine dieser Methoden, die sich in der Praxis durchgesetzt hat. In diesem Artikel werden die Merkmale der BGA-Best\u00fcckung und die Qualit\u00e4tskontrolle der L\u00f6tstellen vorgestellt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Preface Research on BGA technology began in the 1960s. IBM in the United States used it first. But BGA only 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center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"2ca6a79\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"flex_direction\":\"column\",\"width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":66.389},\"_flex_size\":\"none\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"735a0b1\"}],\"_element_width\":\"initial\"},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"48d66a2\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<h2 data-start=\\\"299\\\" data-end=\\\"314\\\">Preface<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"316\\\" data-end=\\\"452\\\">Research on BGA technology began in the 1960s. IBM in the United States used it first. But BGA only became practical in the early 1990s.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"316\\\" data-end=\\\"452\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3456\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/BGA_1.webp\\\" alt=\\\"BGA\\\" width=\\\"400\\\" height=\\\"419\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"454\\\" data-end=\\\"1182\\\">In the 1980s, people wanted smaller electronic circuits and more I\\\/O pins. <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/smt-assembly\\\/\\\">Surface Mount Technology (SMT)<\\\/a> gave circuit assembly the features of being light, thin, short and small. SMT also brought higher demands for pin pitch and coplanarity for parts with many leads. However, due to limits in machining accuracy, manufacturability, cost and assembly process, the pitch limit for QFP (Quad Flat Pack) parts was generally seen as 0.3 mm. This limit greatly restrained the development of high density assembly. Also, fine-pitch QFP parts needed strict assembly processes. That limited their use. For that reason, some US companies focused on developing and using BGA parts. They saw BGA as superior to QFP for high density needs.<\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"1184\\\" data-end=\\\"1209\\\">What is BGA?<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"1211\\\" data-end=\\\"1560\\\">BGA stands for Ball Grid Array. In this package, solder balls are made in a grid on the bottom of the package substrate. These balls act as the I\\\/O connections between the device and the printed circuit board (PCB). Parts packaged with this method are surface mount devices. Early CPUs used DIP packages, like some very basic microcontrollers today.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"1562\\\" data-end=\\\"2114\\\">Today, with the rapid growth of the electronics industry, computers and mobile phones are common. People want more functions and stronger performance from electronic products, but they also want smaller size and less weight. This drives products toward more functions, higher performance, and smaller size. To meet this goal, IC chips must get smaller and more complex. Then circuit I\\\/O counts rise and package I\\\/O density rises. To meet this trend, advanced high-density packaging technologies were created. BGA packaging is one of these technologies.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2116\\\" data-end=\\\"2525\\\">Among all IC package types, BGA saw the fastest growth between 1996 and 2001. In 1999, BGA output was about 1 billion units. To date, this technology is still mostly for high density, high performance devices. It continues to move to finer pitch and higher I\\\/O counts. BGA packaging is mainly used for PC chipsets, microprocessors\\\/controllers, ASICs, gate arrays, memory, DSPs, PDAs, PLDs and similar devices.<\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"2527\\\" data-end=\\\"2591\\\">Types of BGA by package material<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"2593\\\" data-end=\\\"2651\\\">Depending on package material, BGA devices mainly include:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"2653\\\" data-end=\\\"2776\\\"><li data-start=\\\"2653\\\" data-end=\\\"2673\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2655\\\" data-end=\\\"2673\\\">PBGA (Plastic BGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"2674\\\" data-end=\\\"2694\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2676\\\" data-end=\\\"2694\\\">CBGA (Ceramic BGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"2695\\\" data-end=\\\"2723\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2697\\\" data-end=\\\"2723\\\">CCBGA (Ceramic Column BGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"2724\\\" data-end=\\\"2741\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2726\\\" data-end=\\\"2741\\\">TBGA (Tape BGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"2742\\\" data-end=\\\"2776\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2744\\\" data-end=\\\"2776\\\">CSP (Chip Scale Package or \\u03bcBGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><h2 data-start=\\\"2778\\\" data-end=\\\"2839\\\">PBGA \\u2014 Plastic Ball Grid Array<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"2841\\\" data-end=\\\"3156\\\">PBGA uses BT resin \\\/ glass laminate as the substrate. The package is sealed with plastic (an epoxy molding compound). Solder balls can be leaded alloys (for example 63Sn37Pb, 62Sn36Pb2Ag) or lead-free alloys (for example Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5). The solder balls and the package body are joined without adding extra solder.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"3158\\\" data-end=\\\"3392\\\">Some PBGA packages have a cavity. They come in \\u201ccavity up\\u201d and \\u201ccavity down\\u201d versions. These cavity PBGA packages improve heat dissipation and are called thermally enhanced BGA, or EBGA. Some also call them CPBGA (Cavity Plastic BGA).<\\\/p><h3>Advantages of PBGA:<\\\/h3><ol data-start=\\\"3415\\\" data-end=\\\"3833\\\"><li data-start=\\\"3415\\\" data-end=\\\"3639\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3418\\\" data-end=\\\"3639\\\">Good thermal match with PCB. The BT resin\\\/glass laminate in PBGA has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of about 14 ppm\\\/\\u00b0C. Many PCBs have CTE around 17 ppm\\\/\\u00b0C. The two values are close. So thermal matching is good.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"3640\\\" data-end=\\\"3788\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3643\\\" data-end=\\\"3788\\\">During reflow soldering, PBGA uses the self-alignment effect of solder balls. The surface tension of molten solder helps align the balls to pads.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"3789\\\" data-end=\\\"3801\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3792\\\" data-end=\\\"3801\\\">Low cost.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"3802\\\" data-end=\\\"3833\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3805\\\" data-end=\\\"3833\\\">Good electrical performance.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h3>Disadvantage of PBGA:<\\\/h3><ul data-start=\\\"3858\\\" data-end=\\\"3960\\\"><li data-start=\\\"3858\\\" data-end=\\\"3960\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3860\\\" data-end=\\\"3960\\\">Sensitive to moisture. Not suitable for devices that need hermetic sealing or very high reliability.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><h2 data-start=\\\"3962\\\" data-end=\\\"4024\\\">CBGA \\u2014 Ceramic Ball Grid Array<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"4026\\\" data-end=\\\"4423\\\">CBGA has the longest history among BGA families. Its substrate is multilayer ceramic. A metal lid is sealed to the substrate with sealing solder to protect the die, wire bonds and pads. The solder ball material for the package is a high-temperature alloy labeled as 10Sn90Pb in the source text. The connection between the balls and the package body uses a lower-temperature alloy such as 63Sn37Pb.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4026\\\" data-end=\\\"4423\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3457\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/CBGA.webp\\\" alt=\\\"CBGA\\\" width=\\\"492\\\" height=\\\"271\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><h3>Advantages of CBGA:<\\\/h3><ol data-start=\\\"4446\\\" data-end=\\\"4655\\\"><li data-start=\\\"4446\\\" data-end=\\\"4537\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4449\\\" data-end=\\\"4537\\\">Good hermeticity and high resistance to moisture. That gives high long-term reliability.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4538\\\" data-end=\\\"4580\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4541\\\" data-end=\\\"4580\\\">Better electrical insulation than PBGA.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4581\\\" data-end=\\\"4617\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4584\\\" data-end=\\\"4617\\\">Higher package density than PBGA.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4618\\\" data-end=\\\"4655\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4621\\\" data-end=\\\"4655\\\">Better heat dissipation than PBGA.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h3>Disadvantages of CBGA:<\\\/h3><ol data-start=\\\"4681\\\" data-end=\\\"4894\\\"><li data-start=\\\"4681\\\" data-end=\\\"4805\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4684\\\" data-end=\\\"4805\\\">The CTE of ceramic substrate and PCB differ a lot. Thermal mismatch is poor. Solder joint fatigue is a main failure mode.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4806\\\" data-end=\\\"4831\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4809\\\" data-end=\\\"4831\\\">Higher cost than PBGA.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4832\\\" data-end=\\\"4894\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4835\\\" data-end=\\\"4894\\\">Solder ball alignment near the package edge becomes harder.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h2 data-start=\\\"4896\\\" data-end=\\\"4951\\\">TBGA \\u2014 Tape Ball Grid Array<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"4953\\\" data-end=\\\"5613\\\">TBGA is a cavity package. There are two ways to connect the die to the substrate in TBGA: flip-chip solder bonding and wire bonding. In flip-chip, the die is bonded onto a multilayer wiring flexible tape. Peripheral array solder balls, which act as circuit I\\\/O terminals, are placed under the flexible tape. A thick sealing lid serves as both a heat sink and a reinforcement. This makes the solder balls under the flexible substrate more coplanar. The die is bonded to a copper heat spreader in the cavity. The die pads and flexible tape pads are connected by bonding wires. A sealant encapsulates the die, wires and flexible tape pads (by potting or coating).<\\\/p><h3>Advantages of TBGA:<\\\/h3><ol data-start=\\\"5636\\\" data-end=\\\"5919\\\"><li data-start=\\\"5636\\\" data-end=\\\"5713\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5639\\\" data-end=\\\"5713\\\">The flexible tape in the package better matches the PCB thermal expansion.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5714\\\" data-end=\\\"5837\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5717\\\" data-end=\\\"5837\\\">Reflow soldering can use the self-alignment effect of solder. Surface tension of molten balls helps align balls to pads.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5838\\\" data-end=\\\"5881\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5841\\\" data-end=\\\"5881\\\">TBGA is the most economical BGA package.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5882\\\" data-end=\\\"5919\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5885\\\" data-end=\\\"5919\\\">Better heat dissipation than PBGA.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h3>Disadvantages of TBGA:<\\\/h3><ol data-start=\\\"5945\\\" data-end=\\\"6041\\\"><li data-start=\\\"5945\\\" data-end=\\\"5970\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5948\\\" data-end=\\\"5970\\\">Sensitive to moisture.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5971\\\" data-end=\\\"6041\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5974\\\" data-end=\\\"6041\\\">The multiple material layers in the package can reduce reliability.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h2 data-start=\\\"6043\\\" data-end=\\\"6074\\\">Other BGA types<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"6076\\\" data-end=\\\"6104\\\">Other package forms include:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"6106\\\" data-end=\\\"6378\\\"><li data-start=\\\"6106\\\" data-end=\\\"6144\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6108\\\" data-end=\\\"6144\\\">MCM-PBGA (Multiple Chip Module PBGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6145\\\" data-end=\\\"6185\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6147\\\" data-end=\\\"6185\\\">\\u03bcBGA (micro BGA), a chip-scale package<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6186\\\" data-end=\\\"6218\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6188\\\" data-end=\\\"6218\\\">SBGA (Stacked Ball Grid Array)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6219\\\" data-end=\\\"6301\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6221\\\" data-end=\\\"6301\\\">etBGA (extra thin BGA) where package height is about 0.5 mm, near chip thickness<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6302\\\" data-end=\\\"6378\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6304\\\" data-end=\\\"6378\\\">CTBGA, CVBGA (Thin and Very Thin Chip Array BGA) \\u2014 thin and very thin BGAs<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><h2 data-start=\\\"6380\\\" data-end=\\\"6411\\\">Standard rework<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"6413\\\" data-end=\\\"6934\\\">Principle of standard SMD rework systems:<br \\\/>They use hot air to concentrate heat on the pins and pads of surface mount devices (SMD). This melts solder joints or reflows solder paste so parts can be removed or soldered. Different vendors\\u2019 rework systems differ mainly by heat source and the hot air flow pattern. Some nozzles blow hot air above the SMD. From the device protection point of view, it is better to have airflow circulate around the PCB. To prevent PCB warpage, choose a rework system that can preheat the PCB.<\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"6936\\\" data-end=\\\"6957\\\">BGA Rework<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"6959\\\" data-end=\\\"7036\\\">This section summarizes BGA rework steps using an HT996 system as an example.<\\\/p><ol data-start=\\\"7038\\\" data-end=\\\"7057\\\"><li data-start=\\\"7038\\\" data-end=\\\"7057\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7041\\\" data-end=\\\"7057\\\"><strong>Removing the BGA<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"7059\\\" data-end=\\\"7268\\\">Clean and level the leftover solder on the PCB pads with a soldering iron. Use desolder braid and a flat-blade soldering iron tip as needed. When cleaning, be careful not to damage the pads or the solder mask.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"7270\\\" data-end=\\\"7316\\\">Use a special cleaner to remove flux residues.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"2\\\" data-start=\\\"7318\\\" data-end=\\\"7341\\\"><li data-start=\\\"7318\\\" data-end=\\\"7341\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7321\\\" data-end=\\\"7341\\\"><strong>Dehydration (baking)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"7343\\\" data-end=\\\"7495\\\">PBGA parts are sensitive to moisture. Before assembly, check if the part has absorbed moisture. If it is damp, perform a baking step to remove moisture.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"3\\\" data-start=\\\"7497\\\" data-end=\\\"7521\\\"><li data-start=\\\"7497\\\" data-end=\\\"7521\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7500\\\" data-end=\\\"7521\\\"><strong>Solder paste printing<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"7523\\\" data-end=\\\"7911\\\">Because other components are already on the board, use a special small BGA stencil. The stencil thickness and aperture size depend on ball diameter and pitch. After printing, inspect the print quality. If it is not good, clean the PCB and dry it, then reprint. For CSP with pitch below 0.4 mm, solder paste printing may be skipped. In that case, apply flux paste directly on the PCB pads.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"7913\\\" data-end=\\\"8078\\\">Place the PCB in the reflow oven to remove the part. Run the reflow program. At the peak temperature, use a vacuum pick-up to remove the component. Let the PCB cool.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"4\\\" data-start=\\\"8080\\\" data-end=\\\"8095\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8080\\\" data-end=\\\"8095\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8083\\\" data-end=\\\"8095\\\"><strong>Pad cleaning<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"8097\\\" data-end=\\\"8233\\\">Use a soldering iron and desolder braid to clean and level solder residues on the PCB pads. Take care not to damage pads or solder mask.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"5\\\" data-start=\\\"8235\\\" data-end=\\\"8257\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8235\\\" data-end=\\\"8257\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8238\\\" data-end=\\\"8257\\\"><strong>Dehydration (again)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"8259\\\" data-end=\\\"8341\\\">Because PBGA is moisture sensitive, check and bake any damp parts before assembly.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"6\\\" data-start=\\\"8343\\\" data-end=\\\"8375\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8343\\\" data-end=\\\"8375\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8346\\\" data-end=\\\"8375\\\"><strong>Solder paste printing (again)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"8377\\\" data-end=\\\"8668\\\">As before, use a small BGA-specific stencil. The stencil thickness and aperture must match ball size and pitch. After printing, check print quality. If not acceptable, clean and dry the PCB and reprint. For CSP with pitch under 0.4 mm, you may skip printing and apply flux paste on the pads.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"7\\\" data-start=\\\"8670\\\" data-end=\\\"8688\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8670\\\" data-end=\\\"8688\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8673\\\" data-end=\\\"8688\\\"><strong>Placing the BGA<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"8690\\\" data-end=\\\"8777\\\">If the BGA is new, check its moisture content. If it is damp, bake it before placement.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8690\\\" data-end=\\\"8777\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3459\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Placing-the-BGA.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Placing the BGA\\\" width=\\\"557\\\" height=\\\"500\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8779\\\" data-end=\\\"8881\\\">Generally, removed BGA parts can be reused. But they must be re-balled first. Steps for placing a BGA:<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8883\\\" data-end=\\\"8941\\\">A. Put the PCB with printed solder paste on the workbench.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8943\\\" data-end=\\\"9136\\\">B. Choose a proper nozzle and turn on the vacuum pump. Pick the BGA with the nozzle, align the BGA bottom with the PCB pads, lower the nozzle and place the BGA on the PCB, then turn off vacuum.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"8\\\" data-start=\\\"9138\\\" data-end=\\\"9157\\\"><li data-start=\\\"9138\\\" data-end=\\\"9157\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9141\\\" data-end=\\\"9157\\\"><strong>Reflow soldering<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"9159\\\" data-end=\\\"9313\\\">Set the reflow profile according to device size and PCB thickness. BGA reflow temperatures are generally about 15\\u00b0C higher than for traditional SMD parts.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"9\\\" data-start=\\\"9315\\\" data-end=\\\"9328\\\"><li data-start=\\\"9315\\\" data-end=\\\"9328\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9318\\\" data-end=\\\"9328\\\"><strong>Inspection<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"9330\\\" data-end=\\\"9494\\\">BGA solder joint quality is usually inspected with X-ray or ultrasonic equipment. If you do not have those tools, use functional tests or experienced visual checks.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"9496\\\" data-end=\\\"9774\\\">Hold the finished PCB up to a light and check the BGA edges. Look at whether light passes through, whether the gap between the BGA and PCB is even around the sides, whether the solder paste fully melted, whether the solder ball shape is regular, and the amount of ball collapse.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"9496\\\" data-end=\\\"9774\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3454\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/BGA-Inspection.webp\\\" alt=\\\"BGA Inspection\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"478\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"9776\\\" data-end=\\\"9860\\\">If the joint is not translucent, there may be bridging or solder balls between pads.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"9862\\\" data-end=\\\"10005\\\">If ball shape is irregular or skewed, the temperature may be too low. Incomplete soldering can prevent the self-alignment effect during reflow.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"10007\\\" data-end=\\\"10267\\\">Ball collapse level depends on reflow temperature, amount of paste, and pad size. With correct pad design, normal collapse after reflow is about 1\\\/5 to 1\\\/3 of the pre-reflow ball height. If collapse is too large, temperature is too high and bridging can occur.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"10269\\\" data-end=\\\"10370\\\">If the gap between BGA edges and PCB is not uniform, the temperature around the package was not even.<\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"10372\\\" data-end=\\\"10456\\\">Reballing (solder ball attachment) process<\\\/h2><ol data-start=\\\"10458\\\" data-end=\\\"10517\\\"><li data-start=\\\"10458\\\" data-end=\\\"10517\\\"><p data-start=\\\"10461\\\" data-end=\\\"10517\\\"><strong>Remove residual solder on the BGA bottom pads and clean.<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"10519\\\" data-end=\\\"10682\\\">Use a soldering iron to remove leftover solder on the PCB pads. Use desolder braid and a flat soldering iron tip. Be careful not to damage pads or the solder mask.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"10684\\\" data-end=\\\"10728\\\">Use special cleaner to remove flux residues.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"10684\\\" data-end=\\\"10728\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3461\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Remove-residual-solder-on-the-BGA-bottom-pads-and-clean.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Remove residual solder on the BGA bottom pads and clean\\\" width=\\\"435\\\" height=\\\"401\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><ol start=\\\"2\\\" data-start=\\\"10730\\\" data-end=\\\"10773\\\"><li data-start=\\\"10730\\\" data-end=\\\"10773\\\"><p data-start=\\\"10733\\\" data-end=\\\"10773\\\"><strong>Print flux on the bottom pads of the BGA<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"10775\\\" data-end=\\\"11038\\\">Often use high-viscosity flux for its stick and solder-aid properties. Ensure printed flux patterns are clear and do not spread. Sometimes solder paste is used instead of flux. If paste is used, the metal composition in the paste must match the solder ball metal.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"10775\\\" data-end=\\\"11038\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3460\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Print-flux.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Print flux\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"375\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"11040\\\" data-end=\\\"11222\\\">For printing, use a small special BGA stencil. Stencil thickness and aperture must match ball diameter and pitch. After printing, check print quality. If not good, clean and reprint.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"3\\\" data-start=\\\"11224\\\" data-end=\\\"11246\\\"><li data-start=\\\"11224\\\" data-end=\\\"11246\\\"><p data-start=\\\"11227\\\" data-end=\\\"11246\\\">Choose solder balls<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"11248\\\" data-end=\\\"11449\\\">When choosing solder balls, consider ball material and diameter. PBGA solder balls normally use 63Sn\\\/37Pb, the same alloy used in reflow solder. So choose balls with the same alloy as the device balls.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"11451\\\" data-end=\\\"11634\\\">Ball size choice matters. If you use high-viscosity flux, choose balls the same diameter as the device balls. If you use solder paste, choose balls slightly smaller than device balls.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"4\\\" data-start=\\\"11636\\\" data-end=\\\"11654\\\"><li data-start=\\\"11636\\\" data-end=\\\"11654\\\"><p data-start=\\\"11639\\\" data-end=\\\"11654\\\"><strong>Ball attachment<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"11656\\\" data-end=\\\"11698\\\">There are several methods to attach balls:<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"11700\\\" data-end=\\\"11722\\\"><strong>A) Ball machine method<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"11724\\\" data-end=\\\"12016\\\">If you have a ball machine, choose a template that matches the BGA pad layout. Template aperture should be 0.05\\u20130.1 mm larger than ball diameter. Evenly sprinkle balls on the template. Shake the ball machine so extra balls roll into the collection tray, leaving exactly one ball in each hole.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12018\\\" data-end=\\\"12392\\\">Place the template on the workbench. Pick up the printed flux or paste-coated BGA with a vacuum nozzle. Align and lower the BGA onto the balls in the template so that the paste or flux holds balls on the device pads. Use tweezers to hold the device frame and turn off vacuum. Place the device ball-side-up on the bench. Check for missing balls and add by tweezers if needed.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12394\\\" data-end=\\\"12412\\\"><strong>B) Template method<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12414\\\" data-end=\\\"12919\\\">Place the flux or paste-coated BGA on the bench, flux facing up. Prepare a template that matches the BGA pad layout. Template aperture should be 0.05\\u20130.1 mm larger than ball diameter. Support the template around the edges on shims so the distance to the BGA is equal to or slightly less than the ball diameter. Align under a microscope. Sprinkle balls evenly on the template. Remove extra balls with tweezers so one ball remains in each hole. Remove the template and check, replenishing any missing balls.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12921\\\" data-end=\\\"12940\\\"><strong>C) Manual placement<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12942\\\" data-end=\\\"13080\\\">Place the flux or paste-coated BGA on the bench. Use tweezers or a pick-up pen like with ordinary SMD placement to place balls one by one.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12942\\\" data-end=\\\"13080\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3458\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Manual-placement.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Manual placement\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"389\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"13082\\\" data-end=\\\"13113\\\"><strong>D) Solder paste printing method<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"13115\\\" data-end=\\\"13272\\\">Make the stencil thicker and slightly enlarge the aperture. Print solder paste directly on the BGA pads. Surface tension will form solder balls after reflow.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"5\\\" data-start=\\\"13274\\\" data-end=\\\"13283\\\"><li data-start=\\\"13274\\\" data-end=\\\"13283\\\"><p data-start=\\\"13277\\\" data-end=\\\"13283\\\"><strong>Reflow<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"13285\\\" data-end=\\\"13330\\\">Run reflow to fix solder balls to the device.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"6\\\" data-start=\\\"13332\\\" data-end=\\\"13368\\\"><li data-start=\\\"13332\\\" data-end=\\\"13368\\\"><p data-start=\\\"13335\\\" data-end=\\\"13368\\\"><strong>Post-solder cleaning and handling<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"13370\\\" data-end=\\\"13554\\\">After reballing, clean the BGA device thoroughly. Then assemble and solder it as soon as possible. This prevents the solder balls from oxidizing and the device from absorbing moisture.<\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"13556\\\" data-end=\\\"13587\\\"><strong>Summary<\\\/strong><\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"13589\\\" data-end=\\\"13894\\\">With continuous advances in technology, modern life is closely tied to electronics. Tiny mobile phones, small radios, portable computers, memory, hard drives, CD drives and high-definition TVs all demand miniaturization and light weight. To reach this, we must work on production processes and components.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"13896\\\" data-end=\\\"14376\\\">SMT (Surface Mount Technology) matched this trend and laid the foundation for light, thin, short, and small electronic products. Since SMT matured in the 1990s, electronic product trends toward portability, miniaturization, networking and multimedia pushed assembly technology further. New high-density assembly methods emerged. BGA is one high-density assembly method that has reached practical use. This article introduced BGA assembly features and solder joint quality control.<\\\/p>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"c98ebbe\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false}]"],"_elementor_conditions":["a:0:{}"],"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":["index"],"rank_math_robots":["a:1:{i:0;s:5:\"index\";}"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_seo_score":["24"],"rank_math_og_content_image":["a:2:{s:5:\"check\";s:32:\"de92bb035b86c51866965717f298069f\";s:6:\"images\";a:1:{i:0;i:3456;}}"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:30185:\".uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media (max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) 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class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ca6a79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"2ca6a79\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"48d66a2","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<h2 data-start=\"299\" data-end=\"314\">Preface<\/h2><p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"452\">Research on BGA technology began in the 1960s. IBM in the United States used it first. But BGA only became practical in the early 1990s.<\/p><p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"452\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3456\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA_1.webp\" alt=\"BGA\" width=\"400\" height=\"419\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"1182\">In the 1980s, people wanted smaller electronic circuits and more I\/O pins. <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/smt-assembly\/\">Surface Mount Technology (SMT)<\/a> gave circuit assembly the features of being light, thin, short and small. SMT also brought higher demands for pin pitch and coplanarity for parts with many leads. However, due to limits in machining accuracy, manufacturability, cost and assembly process, the pitch limit for QFP (Quad Flat Pack) parts was generally seen as 0.3 mm. This limit greatly restrained the development of high density assembly. Also, fine-pitch QFP parts needed strict assembly processes. That limited their use. For that reason, some US companies focused on developing and using BGA parts. They saw BGA as superior to QFP for high density needs.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"1184\" data-end=\"1209\">What is BGA?<\/h2><p data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1560\">BGA stands for Ball Grid Array. In this package, solder balls are made in a grid on the bottom of the package substrate. These balls act as the I\/O connections between the device and the printed circuit board (PCB). Parts packaged with this method are surface mount devices. Early CPUs used DIP packages, like some very basic microcontrollers today.<\/p><p data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"2114\">Today, with the rapid growth of the electronics industry, computers and mobile phones are common. People want more functions and stronger performance from electronic products, but they also want smaller size and less weight. This drives products toward more functions, higher performance, and smaller size. To meet this goal, IC chips must get smaller and more complex. Then circuit I\/O counts rise and package I\/O density rises. To meet this trend, advanced high-density packaging technologies were created. BGA packaging is one of these technologies.<\/p><p data-start=\"2116\" data-end=\"2525\">Among all IC package types, BGA saw the fastest growth between 1996 and 2001. In 1999, BGA output was about 1 billion units. To date, this technology is still mostly for high density, high performance devices. It continues to move to finer pitch and higher I\/O counts. BGA packaging is mainly used for PC chipsets, microprocessors\/controllers, ASICs, gate arrays, memory, DSPs, PDAs, PLDs and similar devices.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"2527\" data-end=\"2591\">Types of BGA by package material<\/h2><p data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2651\">Depending on package material, BGA devices mainly include:<\/p><ul data-start=\"2653\" data-end=\"2776\"><li data-start=\"2653\" data-end=\"2673\"><p data-start=\"2655\" data-end=\"2673\">PBGA (Plastic BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2674\" data-end=\"2694\"><p data-start=\"2676\" data-end=\"2694\">CBGA (Ceramic BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2723\"><p data-start=\"2697\" data-end=\"2723\">CCBGA (Ceramic Column BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2724\" data-end=\"2741\"><p data-start=\"2726\" data-end=\"2741\">TBGA (Tape BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2742\" data-end=\"2776\"><p data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2776\">CSP (Chip Scale Package or \u03bcBGA)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"2778\" data-end=\"2839\">PBGA \u2014 Plastic Ball Grid Array<\/h2><p data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"3156\">PBGA uses BT resin \/ glass laminate as the substrate. The package is sealed with plastic (an epoxy molding compound). Solder balls can be leaded alloys (for example 63Sn37Pb, 62Sn36Pb2Ag) or lead-free alloys (for example Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5). The solder balls and the package body are joined without adding extra solder.<\/p><p data-start=\"3158\" data-end=\"3392\">Some PBGA packages have a cavity. They come in \u201ccavity up\u201d and \u201ccavity down\u201d versions. These cavity PBGA packages improve heat dissipation and are called thermally enhanced BGA, or EBGA. Some also call them CPBGA (Cavity Plastic BGA).<\/p><h3>Advantages of PBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"3415\" data-end=\"3833\"><li data-start=\"3415\" data-end=\"3639\"><p data-start=\"3418\" data-end=\"3639\">Good thermal match with PCB. The BT resin\/glass laminate in PBGA has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of about 14 ppm\/\u00b0C. Many PCBs have CTE around 17 ppm\/\u00b0C. The two values are close. So thermal matching is good.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3640\" data-end=\"3788\"><p data-start=\"3643\" data-end=\"3788\">During reflow soldering, PBGA uses the self-alignment effect of solder balls. The surface tension of molten solder helps align the balls to pads.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3801\"><p data-start=\"3792\" data-end=\"3801\">Low cost.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3802\" data-end=\"3833\"><p data-start=\"3805\" data-end=\"3833\">Good electrical performance.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Disadvantage of PBGA:<\/h3><ul data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3960\"><li data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3960\"><p data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3960\">Sensitive to moisture. Not suitable for devices that need hermetic sealing or very high reliability.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"3962\" data-end=\"4024\">CBGA \u2014 Ceramic Ball Grid Array<\/h2><p data-start=\"4026\" data-end=\"4423\">CBGA has the longest history among BGA families. Its substrate is multilayer ceramic. A metal lid is sealed to the substrate with sealing solder to protect the die, wire bonds and pads. The solder ball material for the package is a high-temperature alloy labeled as 10Sn90Pb in the source text. The connection between the balls and the package body uses a lower-temperature alloy such as 63Sn37Pb.<\/p><p data-start=\"4026\" data-end=\"4423\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3457\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/CBGA.webp\" alt=\"CBGA\" width=\"492\" height=\"271\" \/><\/p><h3>Advantages of CBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4655\"><li data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4537\"><p data-start=\"4449\" data-end=\"4537\">Good hermeticity and high resistance to moisture. That gives high long-term reliability.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4580\"><p data-start=\"4541\" data-end=\"4580\">Better electrical insulation than PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4581\" data-end=\"4617\"><p data-start=\"4584\" data-end=\"4617\">Higher package density than PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4618\" data-end=\"4655\"><p data-start=\"4621\" data-end=\"4655\">Better heat dissipation than PBGA.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Disadvantages of CBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"4681\" data-end=\"4894\"><li data-start=\"4681\" data-end=\"4805\"><p data-start=\"4684\" data-end=\"4805\">The CTE of ceramic substrate and PCB differ a lot. Thermal mismatch is poor. Solder joint fatigue is a main failure mode.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4806\" data-end=\"4831\"><p data-start=\"4809\" data-end=\"4831\">Higher cost than PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4832\" data-end=\"4894\"><p data-start=\"4835\" data-end=\"4894\">Solder ball alignment near the package edge becomes harder.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"4896\" data-end=\"4951\">TBGA \u2014 Tape Ball Grid Array<\/h2><p data-start=\"4953\" data-end=\"5613\">TBGA is a cavity package. There are two ways to connect the die to the substrate in TBGA: flip-chip solder bonding and wire bonding. In flip-chip, the die is bonded onto a multilayer wiring flexible tape. Peripheral array solder balls, which act as circuit I\/O terminals, are placed under the flexible tape. A thick sealing lid serves as both a heat sink and a reinforcement. This makes the solder balls under the flexible substrate more coplanar. The die is bonded to a copper heat spreader in the cavity. The die pads and flexible tape pads are connected by bonding wires. A sealant encapsulates the die, wires and flexible tape pads (by potting or coating).<\/p><h3>Advantages of TBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"5636\" data-end=\"5919\"><li data-start=\"5636\" data-end=\"5713\"><p data-start=\"5639\" data-end=\"5713\">The flexible tape in the package better matches the PCB thermal expansion.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5714\" data-end=\"5837\"><p data-start=\"5717\" data-end=\"5837\">Reflow soldering can use the self-alignment effect of solder. Surface tension of molten balls helps align balls to pads.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5838\" data-end=\"5881\"><p data-start=\"5841\" data-end=\"5881\">TBGA is the most economical BGA package.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5882\" data-end=\"5919\"><p data-start=\"5885\" data-end=\"5919\">Better heat dissipation than PBGA.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Disadvantages of TBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"5945\" data-end=\"6041\"><li data-start=\"5945\" data-end=\"5970\"><p data-start=\"5948\" data-end=\"5970\">Sensitive to moisture.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5971\" data-end=\"6041\"><p data-start=\"5974\" data-end=\"6041\">The multiple material layers in the package can reduce reliability.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"6043\" data-end=\"6074\">Other BGA types<\/h2><p data-start=\"6076\" data-end=\"6104\">Other package forms include:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6106\" data-end=\"6378\"><li data-start=\"6106\" data-end=\"6144\"><p data-start=\"6108\" data-end=\"6144\">MCM-PBGA (Multiple Chip Module PBGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6145\" data-end=\"6185\"><p data-start=\"6147\" data-end=\"6185\">\u03bcBGA (micro BGA), a chip-scale package<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6186\" data-end=\"6218\"><p data-start=\"6188\" data-end=\"6218\">SBGA (Stacked Ball Grid Array)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6219\" data-end=\"6301\"><p data-start=\"6221\" data-end=\"6301\">etBGA (extra thin BGA) where package height is about 0.5 mm, near chip thickness<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6302\" data-end=\"6378\"><p data-start=\"6304\" data-end=\"6378\">CTBGA, CVBGA (Thin and Very Thin Chip Array BGA) \u2014 thin and very thin BGAs<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"6380\" data-end=\"6411\">Standard rework<\/h2><p data-start=\"6413\" data-end=\"6934\">Principle of standard SMD rework systems:<br \/>They use hot air to concentrate heat on the pins and pads of surface mount devices (SMD). This melts solder joints or reflows solder paste so parts can be removed or soldered. Different vendors\u2019 rework systems differ mainly by heat source and the hot air flow pattern. Some nozzles blow hot air above the SMD. From the device protection point of view, it is better to have airflow circulate around the PCB. To prevent PCB warpage, choose a rework system that can preheat the PCB.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"6936\" data-end=\"6957\">BGA Rework<\/h2><p data-start=\"6959\" data-end=\"7036\">This section summarizes BGA rework steps using an HT996 system as an example.<\/p><ol data-start=\"7038\" data-end=\"7057\"><li data-start=\"7038\" data-end=\"7057\"><p data-start=\"7041\" data-end=\"7057\"><strong>Removing the BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7059\" data-end=\"7268\">Clean and level the leftover solder on the PCB pads with a soldering iron. Use desolder braid and a flat-blade soldering iron tip as needed. When cleaning, be careful not to damage the pads or the solder mask.<\/p><p data-start=\"7270\" data-end=\"7316\">Use a special cleaner to remove flux residues.<\/p><ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"7318\" data-end=\"7341\"><li data-start=\"7318\" data-end=\"7341\"><p data-start=\"7321\" data-end=\"7341\"><strong>Dehydration (baking)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7343\" data-end=\"7495\">PBGA parts are sensitive to moisture. Before assembly, check if the part has absorbed moisture. If it is damp, perform a baking step to remove moisture.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"7497\" data-end=\"7521\"><li data-start=\"7497\" data-end=\"7521\"><p data-start=\"7500\" data-end=\"7521\"><strong>Solder paste printing<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7523\" data-end=\"7911\">Because other components are already on the board, use a special small BGA stencil. The stencil thickness and aperture size depend on ball diameter and pitch. After printing, inspect the print quality. If it is not good, clean the PCB and dry it, then reprint. For CSP with pitch below 0.4 mm, solder paste printing may be skipped. In that case, apply flux paste directly on the PCB pads.<\/p><p data-start=\"7913\" data-end=\"8078\">Place the PCB in the reflow oven to remove the part. Run the reflow program. At the peak temperature, use a vacuum pick-up to remove the component. Let the PCB cool.<\/p><ol start=\"4\" data-start=\"8080\" data-end=\"8095\"><li data-start=\"8080\" data-end=\"8095\"><p data-start=\"8083\" data-end=\"8095\"><strong>Pad cleaning<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8097\" data-end=\"8233\">Use a soldering iron and desolder braid to clean and level solder residues on the PCB pads. Take care not to damage pads or solder mask.<\/p><ol start=\"5\" data-start=\"8235\" data-end=\"8257\"><li data-start=\"8235\" data-end=\"8257\"><p data-start=\"8238\" data-end=\"8257\"><strong>Dehydration (again)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8259\" data-end=\"8341\">Because PBGA is moisture sensitive, check and bake any damp parts before assembly.<\/p><ol start=\"6\" data-start=\"8343\" data-end=\"8375\"><li data-start=\"8343\" data-end=\"8375\"><p data-start=\"8346\" data-end=\"8375\"><strong>Solder paste printing (again)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8377\" data-end=\"8668\">As before, use a small BGA-specific stencil. The stencil thickness and aperture must match ball size and pitch. After printing, check print quality. If not acceptable, clean and dry the PCB and reprint. For CSP with pitch under 0.4 mm, you may skip printing and apply flux paste on the pads.<\/p><ol start=\"7\" data-start=\"8670\" data-end=\"8688\"><li data-start=\"8670\" data-end=\"8688\"><p data-start=\"8673\" data-end=\"8688\"><strong>Placing the BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8690\" data-end=\"8777\">If the BGA is new, check its moisture content. If it is damp, bake it before placement.<\/p><p data-start=\"8690\" data-end=\"8777\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3459\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Placing-the-BGA.webp\" alt=\"Placing the BGA\" width=\"557\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"8779\" data-end=\"8881\">Generally, removed BGA parts can be reused. But they must be re-balled first. Steps for placing a BGA:<\/p><p data-start=\"8883\" data-end=\"8941\">A. Put the PCB with printed solder paste on the workbench.<\/p><p data-start=\"8943\" data-end=\"9136\">B. Choose a proper nozzle and turn on the vacuum pump. Pick the BGA with the nozzle, align the BGA bottom with the PCB pads, lower the nozzle and place the BGA on the PCB, then turn off vacuum.<\/p><ol start=\"8\" data-start=\"9138\" data-end=\"9157\"><li data-start=\"9138\" data-end=\"9157\"><p data-start=\"9141\" data-end=\"9157\"><strong>Reflow soldering<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"9159\" data-end=\"9313\">Set the reflow profile according to device size and PCB thickness. BGA reflow temperatures are generally about 15\u00b0C higher than for traditional SMD parts.<\/p><ol start=\"9\" data-start=\"9315\" data-end=\"9328\"><li data-start=\"9315\" data-end=\"9328\"><p data-start=\"9318\" data-end=\"9328\"><strong>Inspection<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"9330\" data-end=\"9494\">BGA solder joint quality is usually inspected with X-ray or ultrasonic equipment. If you do not have those tools, use functional tests or experienced visual checks.<\/p><p data-start=\"9496\" data-end=\"9774\">Hold the finished PCB up to a light and check the BGA edges. Look at whether light passes through, whether the gap between the BGA and PCB is even around the sides, whether the solder paste fully melted, whether the solder ball shape is regular, and the amount of ball collapse.<\/p><p data-start=\"9496\" data-end=\"9774\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3454\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-Inspection.webp\" alt=\"BGA Inspection\" width=\"600\" height=\"478\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"9776\" data-end=\"9860\">If the joint is not translucent, there may be bridging or solder balls between pads.<\/p><p data-start=\"9862\" data-end=\"10005\">If ball shape is irregular or skewed, the temperature may be too low. Incomplete soldering can prevent the self-alignment effect during reflow.<\/p><p data-start=\"10007\" data-end=\"10267\">Ball collapse level depends on reflow temperature, amount of paste, and pad size. With correct pad design, normal collapse after reflow is about 1\/5 to 1\/3 of the pre-reflow ball height. If collapse is too large, temperature is too high and bridging can occur.<\/p><p data-start=\"10269\" data-end=\"10370\">If the gap between BGA edges and PCB is not uniform, the temperature around the package was not even.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"10372\" data-end=\"10456\">Reballing (solder ball attachment) process<\/h2><ol data-start=\"10458\" data-end=\"10517\"><li data-start=\"10458\" data-end=\"10517\"><p data-start=\"10461\" data-end=\"10517\"><strong>Remove residual solder on the BGA bottom pads and clean.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"10519\" data-end=\"10682\">Use a soldering iron to remove leftover solder on the PCB pads. Use desolder braid and a flat soldering iron tip. Be careful not to damage pads or the solder mask.<\/p><p data-start=\"10684\" data-end=\"10728\">Use special cleaner to remove flux residues.<\/p><p data-start=\"10684\" data-end=\"10728\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3461\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Remove-residual-solder-on-the-BGA-bottom-pads-and-clean.webp\" alt=\"Remove residual solder on the BGA bottom pads and clean\" width=\"435\" height=\"401\" \/><\/p><ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"10730\" data-end=\"10773\"><li data-start=\"10730\" data-end=\"10773\"><p data-start=\"10733\" data-end=\"10773\"><strong>Print flux on the bottom pads of the BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"11038\">Often use high-viscosity flux for its stick and solder-aid properties. Ensure printed flux patterns are clear and do not spread. Sometimes solder paste is used instead of flux. If paste is used, the metal composition in the paste must match the solder ball metal.<\/p><p data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"11038\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3460\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Print-flux.webp\" alt=\"Print flux\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"11040\" data-end=\"11222\">For printing, use a small special BGA stencil. Stencil thickness and aperture must match ball diameter and pitch. After printing, check print quality. If not good, clean and reprint.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"11224\" data-end=\"11246\"><li data-start=\"11224\" data-end=\"11246\"><p data-start=\"11227\" data-end=\"11246\">Choose solder balls<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"11248\" data-end=\"11449\">When choosing solder balls, consider ball material and diameter. PBGA solder balls normally use 63Sn\/37Pb, the same alloy used in reflow solder. So choose balls with the same alloy as the device balls.<\/p><p data-start=\"11451\" data-end=\"11634\">Ball size choice matters. If you use high-viscosity flux, choose balls the same diameter as the device balls. If you use solder paste, choose balls slightly smaller than device balls.<\/p><ol start=\"4\" data-start=\"11636\" data-end=\"11654\"><li data-start=\"11636\" data-end=\"11654\"><p data-start=\"11639\" data-end=\"11654\"><strong>Ball attachment<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"11656\" data-end=\"11698\">There are several methods to attach balls:<\/p><p data-start=\"11700\" data-end=\"11722\"><strong>A) Ball machine method<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"11724\" data-end=\"12016\">If you have a ball machine, choose a template that matches the BGA pad layout. Template aperture should be 0.05\u20130.1 mm larger than ball diameter. Evenly sprinkle balls on the template. Shake the ball machine so extra balls roll into the collection tray, leaving exactly one ball in each hole.<\/p><p data-start=\"12018\" data-end=\"12392\">Place the template on the workbench. Pick up the printed flux or paste-coated BGA with a vacuum nozzle. Align and lower the BGA onto the balls in the template so that the paste or flux holds balls on the device pads. Use tweezers to hold the device frame and turn off vacuum. Place the device ball-side-up on the bench. Check for missing balls and add by tweezers if needed.<\/p><p data-start=\"12394\" data-end=\"12412\"><strong>B) Template method<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"12414\" data-end=\"12919\">Place the flux or paste-coated BGA on the bench, flux facing up. Prepare a template that matches the BGA pad layout. Template aperture should be 0.05\u20130.1 mm larger than ball diameter. Support the template around the edges on shims so the distance to the BGA is equal to or slightly less than the ball diameter. Align under a microscope. Sprinkle balls evenly on the template. Remove extra balls with tweezers so one ball remains in each hole. Remove the template and check, replenishing any missing balls.<\/p><p data-start=\"12921\" data-end=\"12940\"><strong>C) Manual placement<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"12942\" data-end=\"13080\">Place the flux or paste-coated BGA on the bench. Use tweezers or a pick-up pen like with ordinary SMD placement to place balls one by one.<\/p><p data-start=\"12942\" data-end=\"13080\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3458\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manual-placement.webp\" alt=\"Manual placement\" width=\"600\" height=\"389\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"13082\" data-end=\"13113\"><strong>D) Solder paste printing method<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"13115\" data-end=\"13272\">Make the stencil thicker and slightly enlarge the aperture. Print solder paste directly on the BGA pads. Surface tension will form solder balls after reflow.<\/p><ol start=\"5\" data-start=\"13274\" data-end=\"13283\"><li data-start=\"13274\" data-end=\"13283\"><p data-start=\"13277\" data-end=\"13283\"><strong>Reflow<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"13285\" data-end=\"13330\">Run reflow to fix solder balls to the device.<\/p><ol start=\"6\" data-start=\"13332\" data-end=\"13368\"><li data-start=\"13332\" data-end=\"13368\"><p data-start=\"13335\" data-end=\"13368\"><strong>Post-solder cleaning and handling<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"13370\" data-end=\"13554\">After reballing, clean the BGA device thoroughly. Then assemble and solder it as soon as possible. This prevents the solder balls from oxidizing and the device from absorbing moisture.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"13556\" data-end=\"13587\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"13589\" data-end=\"13894\">With continuous advances in technology, modern life is closely tied to electronics. Tiny mobile phones, small radios, portable computers, memory, hard drives, CD drives and high-definition TVs all demand miniaturization and light weight. To reach this, we must work on production processes and components.<\/p><p data-start=\"13896\" data-end=\"14376\">SMT (Surface Mount Technology) matched this trend and laid the foundation for light, thin, short, and small electronic products. Since SMT matured in the 1990s, electronic product trends toward portability, miniaturization, networking and multimedia pushed assembly technology further. New high-density assembly methods emerged. BGA is one high-density assembly method that has reached practical use. This article introduced BGA assembly features and solder joint quality control.<\/p>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"c98ebbe"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-1921.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-1921.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Preface Research on BGA technology began in the 1960s. IBM in the United States used it first. But BGA only [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1921"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3467,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1921\/revisions\/3467"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}