{"id":1923,"date":"2025-08-25T02:27:26","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T02:27:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=1923"},"modified":"2025-09-28T06:51:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T06:51:09","slug":"smt-assembly","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-assembly\/smt-assembly\/","title":{"rendered":"SMT-Best\u00fcckung"},"content":{"rendered":"
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SMT (Oberfl\u00e4chenmontagetechnik)<\/h2>

Im Zuge des technologischen Fortschritts hat sich das Chip-Packaging weltweit von durchkontaktierten Bauteilen mit doppelten Inline-Anschl\u00fcssen auf oberfl\u00e4chenmontierte Geh\u00e4use verlagert. Heute werden wir \u00fcber die Oberfl\u00e4chenmontagetechnik (SMT) sprechen. SMT ist die g\u00e4ngigste Montagemethode in der modernen Elektronik.<\/p>

\"smt\"<\/p>

SMT steht f\u00fcr Oberfl\u00e4chenmontagetechnik. Man spricht auch von Oberfl\u00e4chenmontage oder Oberfl\u00e4chenbest\u00fcckung. Es handelt sich um eine Reihe von Verfahren, die bei der Elektronikmontage eingesetzt werden. Bei der SMT werden Bauteile, die keine oder nur kurze Anschlussdr\u00e4hte haben, auf die Oberfl\u00e4che einer Leiterplatte oder eines anderen Substrats aufgebracht. Diese Bauteile werden in der Regel als SMC oder SMD bezeichnet, was f\u00fcr oberfl\u00e4chenmontierte Bauteile steht. SMT-Bauteile werden mit Methoden wie Reflow-L\u00f6ten oder Wellenl\u00f6ten auf die Leiterplatte gel\u00f6tet. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine komplette Schaltungsbaugruppe.<\/p>

Im Vergleich zu \u00e4lteren Geh\u00e4useformen stellt SMT h\u00f6here Anforderungen an das Chip-Packaging. Zu den heutigen fortschrittlichen Geh\u00e4usetypen geh\u00f6ren Wafer Level Packaging (WLP), dreidimensionales Packaging (3DP) und System-in-Package (SiP). Diese Typen erfordern eine strengere Prozesskontrolle, engere Toleranzen und fortschrittlichere Fertigungsf\u00e4higkeiten.<\/p>

Was ist Wafer Level Packaging (WLP)?<\/h2>

Wafer Level Packaging, kurz WLP, ist eine fortschrittliche Verpackungsmethode. WLP hat in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. Die Menschen nutzen es, weil es kleine Geh\u00e4use erm\u00f6glicht, gute elektrische Leistungen bietet, die W\u00e4rmeableitung f\u00f6rdert und die Kosten senkt.<\/p>

WLP unterscheidet sich von der herk\u00f6mmlichen Verpackung, da die Verpackungsschritte erfolgen, w\u00e4hrend sich die Chips noch auf dem Wafer befinden. Eine Schutzschicht kann auf der Ober- oder Unterseite des Wafers angebracht werden. Dann werden die E\/A-Verbindungen hergestellt. Danach wird der Wafer in einzelne Chips zerlegt.<\/p>

WLP hat mehrere klare Vorteile gegen\u00fcber \u00e4lteren Methoden.<\/p>

  1. Kleine Packungsgr\u00f6\u00dfe.<\/strong>
    Da WLP keine Drahtbindungen, Bonding Pads oder eine Kunststoffform ben\u00f6tigt, muss das Geh\u00e4use nicht \u00fcber den Chip hinausragen. Die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe des WLP-Geh\u00e4uses entspricht also fast der Gr\u00f6\u00dfe des Chips.<\/p><\/li>

  2. Hohe Datengeschwindigkeit.<\/strong>
    WLP verwendet in der Regel k\u00fcrzere Verbindungen als herk\u00f6mmliche drahtgebundene Teile. Wenn das System eine hohe Geschwindigkeit oder eine hohe Frequenz ben\u00f6tigt, bieten die k\u00fcrzeren Wege eine bessere Signalleistung.<\/p><\/li>

  3. Hohe Anschlussdichte.<\/strong>
    WLP kann Area-Array-Verbindungen verwenden, nicht nur Edge-Verbindungen. Dadurch k\u00f6nnen Designer viel mehr Verbindungen pro Fl\u00e4cheneinheit zwischen dem Chip und der Platine platzieren.<\/p><\/li>

  4. K\u00fcrzere Produktionszyklen.<\/strong>
    Da das Packaging auf Waferebene erfolgt, sind die Schritte von der Herstellung des Chips bis zum fertig verpackten Teil einfacher. Dies reduziert die Anzahl der Prozessschritte und verk\u00fcrzt die Vorlaufzeit.<\/p><\/li>

  5. Niedrigere Prozesskosten.<\/strong>
    WLP f\u00fchrt die Verpackung und Pr\u00fcfung auf Waferebene durch und profitiert von der Stapelverarbeitung. Die Kosten pro Bauteil k\u00f6nnen sinken, wenn mehr gute Chips auf jeden Wafer passen. Trends wie kleinere Die-Gr\u00f6\u00dfen und gr\u00f6\u00dfere Wafer-Durchmesser senken ebenfalls die Kosten pro Bauteil. WLP nutzt die Werkzeuge f\u00fcr die Waferherstellung in vollem Umfang, so dass die Kapitalkosten pro verpacktem Ger\u00e4t im Allgemeinen niedriger sind.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

    Heute wird WLP h\u00e4ufig in Bauteilen wie Flash-Speicher, EEPROM, Hochgeschwindigkeits-DRAM, SRAM, LCD-Treibern, HF-Bauteilen, Logikchips, Power-Management-Chips und vielen analogen Bauteilen wie Reglern, Temperatursensoren, Steuerungen, Operationsverst\u00e4rkern und Leistungsverst\u00e4rkern eingesetzt.<\/p>

    Was ist dreidimensionale Verpackung (3DP)?<\/h2>

    Das dreidimensionale Packaging, kurz 3DP, ist eine Stapeltechnik. Sie umfasst Dinge wie CIS-Imager, MEMS-Geh\u00e4use und Standardger\u00e4tegeh\u00e4use. Die Idee besteht darin, zwei oder mehr Chips vertikal in einem Geh\u00e4use zu stapeln, ohne die Grundfl\u00e4che des Geh\u00e4uses zu ver\u00e4ndern. Auf diese Weise k\u00f6nnen Entwickler gr\u00f6\u00dfere Systemfunktionen und eine bessere Leistung in einem einzigen Geh\u00e4use realisieren. 3D-Packaging begann mit gestapelten Flash-Speichern (NOR, NAND) und gestapeltem SDRAM.<\/p>

    Zu den Hauptmerkmalen von 3DP geh\u00f6ren die Multifunktionsintegration und die hohe Leistung. Au\u00dferdem bietet sie eine hohe Kapazit\u00e4t und eine hohe Dichte. Die Funktion pro Volumeneinheit steigt stark an, was die Kosten f\u00fcr einige Anwendungen senken kann.<\/p>

    Was ist ein System-in-Package (SiP)?<\/h2>

    System-in-Package (SiP) integriert viele verschiedene Funktionschips in einem einzigen Geh\u00e4use. Dazu k\u00f6nnen Prozessoren, Speicher und andere Teile geh\u00f6ren. Eine SiP-Baugruppe hat mehrere Chips in geschichteten Strukturen. Das Geh\u00e4use fungiert als ein kleines System oder Subsystem. SiP zielt auf eine h\u00f6here Leistung, mehr Funktionen und eine schnellere Verarbeitung ab. Gleichzeitig verringert SiP den Platz, den die Ger\u00e4te im Inneren eines Produkts ben\u00f6tigen. Dies ist ein Weg zu dem, was man ein konvergentes System nennt.<\/p>

    SiP zeichnet sich durch zwei wesentliche Merkmale aus:<\/p>

    1. Es vereint Chips mit verschiedenen Prozesstechnologien und unterschiedlichen Funktionen in einem Paket. Dadurch kann das fertige Bauteil als leistungsstarkes Systemmodul fungieren.<\/p><\/li>

    2. Es verlagert diskrete Teile, die fr\u00fcher auf der Leiterplatte sa\u00dfen, in eine mehrschichtige integrierte Struktur innerhalb des Geh\u00e4uses. Dadurch wird das endg\u00fcltige System viel kleiner.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

      Die Verpackung erf\u00fcllt zwei Hauptaufgaben. Erstens verbindet sie das Innere des Chips mit dem \u00e4u\u00dferen Schaltkreis. Zweitens sch\u00fctzt es den Chip und seine Verbindungen. Diese drei fortschrittlichen Verpackungsmethoden haben jeweils ihre eigenen Vorz\u00fcge. Sie eignen sich f\u00fcr unterschiedliche Anwendungsbed\u00fcrfnisse. Auch wenn sie noch nicht universell sind, weisen sie in die Zukunft. Die Zeit wird zeigen, welche Methode sich durchsetzen wird.<\/p>

      Unterschiede zwischen PCB, SMT und PCBA<\/h2>

      Ein klarer, kurzer Leitfaden hilft, wenn diese Begriffe verwechselt werden.<\/p>

      1. PCB<\/strong> bedeutet gedruckte Leiterplatte. Sie ist die Rohplatte, die bei der SMT-Verarbeitung verwendet wird. Eine Leiterplatte ist ein halbfertiges Produkt.<\/p><\/li>

      2. SMT<\/strong> bedeutet Oberfl\u00e4chenmontagetechnik. Es ist das Verfahren, mit dem die Bauteile auf der Leiterplatte montiert werden. SMT ist heute das am weitesten verbreitete Montageverfahren.<\/p><\/li>

      3. PCBA<\/strong> bedeutet Best\u00fcckung von Leiterplatten. PCBA umfasst SMT und zus\u00e4tzliche Dienstleistungen. PCBA umfasst zus\u00e4tzlich die Beschaffung von Komponenten, die Pr\u00fcfung und die Endmontage. Es ist ein One-Stop-Service-Modell f\u00fcr den Kunden. PCBA zeigt die Richtung der Entwicklung des Werksdienstes.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

        F\u00fcr ein fertiges elektronisches Produkt laufen die Schritte normalerweise folgenderma\u00dfen ab: PCB \u2192 SMT \u2192 PCBA. Die Herstellung von Leiterplatten umfasst viele komplexe Schritte. SMT ist im Vergleich dazu relativ einfach. PCBA zielt darauf ab, einen durchg\u00e4ngigen Service zu bieten.<\/p>

        SMT Oberfl\u00e4chenmontageverfahren<\/h2>

        1. Vor dem Zusammenbau: Vorbereitung der L\u00f6tpads<\/h3>
        Vor dem Zusammenbau m\u00fcssen alle Pads, die oberfl\u00e4chenmontierbare Teile aufnehmen, flach und sauber sein. Diese Pads sind Stellen, an denen Lot, Chemisch Silber oder Chemisch Gold sitzen. Sie haben keine Durchgangsl\u00f6cher. Man nennt diese Stellen auch L\u00f6tpunkte.<\/div>

        2. L\u00f6tpaste Anwendung<\/h3>
        L\u00f6tpaste ist eine klebrige Mischung aus Metallpulver und Flussmittel. Das in vielen L\u00f6tpasten verwendete Metall war fr\u00fcher Zinn-Blei. Heute verwenden viele Fabriken bleifreie Legierungen. Ein Lotpastendrucker verwendet eine Schablone aus rostfreiem oder vernickeltem Stahl, um Lotpaste auf Pads aufzutragen. Der Druck kann auch durch D\u00fcsenauftrag erfolgen, was dem Tintenstrahldruck \u00e4hnlich ist.<\/div>
        \"Solder<\/div>

        3. Komponenten-Pick-and-Place<\/h3>
        Nach dem Bedrucken mit Lotpaste wird die Leiterplatte auf einem F\u00f6rderband zu Best\u00fcckungsautomaten transportiert. Die Platine richtet sich aus und wartet auf die Teile. Die zu best\u00fcckenden Teile befinden sich in der Regel in Papier- oder Kunststoffh\u00fclsen. Ein Feeder l\u00e4dt diese Teile in die SMT-Best\u00fcckungsmaschine. Gr\u00f6\u00dfere ICs werden in antistatischen Trays transportiert. Die Best\u00fcckungsmaschine nimmt ein Bauteil vom Band oder Tray und platziert es auf der L\u00f6tpaste auf der Leiterplatte. Die Klebrigkeit der L\u00f6tpaste h\u00e4lt das Bauteil an seinem Platz.<\/div>

        4. Reflow-L\u00f6ten: Verarbeitung im Ofen<\/h3>
        Anschlie\u00dfend kommt die Leiterplatte in den Reflow-Ofen. Ein Reflow-Ofen hat zun\u00e4chst eine Vorw\u00e4rmzone. Die Leiterplatte und die Bauteile erw\u00e4rmen sich langsam. Dann kommt die Leiterplatte in eine Hochtemperaturzone. Die L\u00f6tpaste schmilzt und verbindet die Pads mit den Bauteilen. Die Oberfl\u00e4chenspannung des geschmolzenen Lots sorgt daf\u00fcr, dass die Teile an ihrem Platz bleiben. Die Oberfl\u00e4chenspannung kann auch leicht verrutschte Teile wieder in die richtige Position ziehen.<\/div>

        5. G\u00e4ngige Reflow-L\u00f6tverfahren<\/h3>
        Es gibt viele Reflow-Methoden. Eine verwendet Infrarotlampen und wird Infrarot-Reflow genannt. Eine andere verwendet Hei\u00dfluftkonvektion. Eine beliebte Methode ist die Verwendung einer speziellen Fluorkohlenstofffl\u00fcssigkeit mit hohem Siedepunkt. Dieses Verfahren wird als Dampfphasen-Reflow bezeichnet. Nach den Vorschriften zur Bleifreiheit und aufgrund von Umweltbedenken haben viele Fabriken die Verwendung von Fluorkohlenwasserstoffen reduziert. Vor etwa 2008 war das Reflow-Verfahren mit Luft oder Stickstoffkonvektion \u00fcblich. Jede Methode hat Vor- und Nachteile. Bei der Infrarottechnik muss das Leiterplattendesign sicherstellen, dass kurze Teile nicht durch h\u00f6here Teile abgeschattet werden. Bei Dampfphasen- oder Konvektions-Reflow-Verfahren ist die Lage der Bauteile dagegen weniger problematisch.<\/div>

        6. Manuelles L\u00f6ten f\u00fcr spezielle Bauteile<\/h3>
        W\u00e4hrend der Reflow-Phase m\u00fcssen einige ungew\u00f6hnliche oder hitzeempfindliche Bauteile manuell gel\u00f6tet werden. F\u00fcr gr\u00f6\u00dfere manuelle Arbeiten werden Infrarot- oder Konvektionsger\u00e4te verwendet, um das Reflow-L\u00f6ten f\u00fcr diese Teile abzuschlie\u00dfen.<\/div>

        7. Doppelseitige PCB-Verarbeitung<\/h3>
        Wenn die Leiterplatte doppelseitig ist, werden Druck, Platzierung und Reflow f\u00fcr die andere Seite wiederholt. Zum Befestigen der Bauteile wird h\u00e4ufig L\u00f6tpaste oder roter Klebstoff verwendet. Wenn sp\u00e4ter Wellenl\u00f6ten erforderlich ist, h\u00e4lt der Kleber die Teile w\u00e4hrend des Wellenprozesses an Ort und Stelle, damit sie nicht abfallen, wenn sie dem geschmolzenen Lot ausgesetzt sind.<\/div>

        8. Reinigung nach dem L\u00f6ten<\/h3>
        Nach dem L\u00f6ten kann die Leiterplatte gereinigt werden, um Flussmittelr\u00fcckst\u00e4nde und Lotkugeln zu entfernen, die Kurzschl\u00fcsse verursachen k\u00f6nnen. Kolophonium-Flussmittel k\u00f6nnen mit Fluorkohlenwasserstoff-L\u00f6sungsmitteln, Kohlenwasserstoff-L\u00f6sungsmitteln mit hohem Flammpunkt oder L\u00f6sungsmitteln mit niedrigem Flammpunkt, wie z. B. Reinigern auf Zitrusbasis, entfernt werden. Wasserl\u00f6sliche Flussmittel werden mit deionisiertem Wasser und Reinigungsl\u00f6sungen abgewaschen und dann mit Luftmessern getrocknet, um das Oberfl\u00e4chenwasser schnell zu entfernen. Viele SMT-Produktionslinien verwenden jedoch inzwischen No-Clean-Flussmittel. No-Clean-Flussmittel hinterlassen keine R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde auf der Leiterplatte. Dies spart Reinigungskosten, verbessert den Durchsatz und reduziert den Abfall.<\/div>

        9. SMT-Reinigungsstandards (IPC-Anforderungen)<\/h3>
        Einige SMT-Produktionsnormen, wie z. B. die der IPC (Association Connecting Electronics Industries), verlangen bestimmte Reinigungsstufen, um die Sauberkeit der Leiterplatten zu gew\u00e4hrleisten. Sogar einige \"No-clean\"-Flussmittelr\u00fcckst\u00e4nde m\u00fcssen nach den IPC-Vorschriften in bestimmten F\u00e4llen entfernt werden. Durch eine ordnungsgem\u00e4\u00dfe Reinigung k\u00f6nnen Flussmittel, die f\u00fcr das blo\u00dfe Auge unsichtbar sind, zusammen mit anderem Schmutz und Verunreinigungen entfernt werden. Nicht alle Fabriken befolgen die IPC-Regeln oder geben an, dass sie die IPC-Normen erf\u00fcllen. In der Praxis wenden viele Hersteller Normen an, die noch strenger sind als die IPC.<\/div>

        10. Endkontrolle und Nacharbeit<\/h3>
        Schlie\u00dflich wird die Leiterplatte einer Sichtpr\u00fcfung unterzogen, um sie auf fehlende Teile, falsche Ausrichtung, kalte Verbindungen, L\u00f6tbr\u00fccken usw. zu \u00fcberpr\u00fcfen. Wenn die Leiterplatten nicht einwandfrei sind, werden sie zur Nacharbeit an Reparaturstationen geschickt. Zu den \u00fcblichen Tests geh\u00f6ren ICT (In-Circuit-Test) oder FCT (Functional Circuit Test). Die Reparaturen werden fortgesetzt, bis die Leiterplatte wie vorgesehen funktioniert.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

        SMT-Vorteile<\/h2>

        SMT hat viele Vorteile gegen\u00fcber den \u00e4lteren durchkontaktierten Bauteilen.<\/p>

        1. Kleinere Komponenten.<\/strong> Im Jahr 2012 erreichten die g\u00e4ngigen kleinen Gr\u00f6\u00dfen 0,4 \u00d7 0,2 mm (01005). Der Trend geht zu noch kleineren Teilen.<\/p><\/li>

        2. H\u00f6here Bauteildichte.<\/strong> Es passen mehr Teile auf eine gegebene Fl\u00e4che und jedes Teil kann mehr Verbindungen haben.<\/p><\/li>

        3. H\u00f6here Verschaltungsdichte.<\/strong> SMT erm\u00f6glicht mehr Verbindungen pro Fl\u00e4che als Durchsteckmontage.<\/p><\/li>

        4. Geringere Kosten und schnellere Produktionseinf\u00fchrung.<\/strong> SMT-Linien k\u00f6nnen schnell und kosteng\u00fcnstig sein.<\/p><\/li>

        5. Weniger L\u00f6cher in der Leiterplattenkonstruktion und -fertigung.<\/strong> Weniger Bohrl\u00f6cher reduzieren die Kosten und die Komplexit\u00e4t der Leiterplatte.<\/p><\/li>

        6. Schnellerer Vermittlungsprozess.<\/strong> Die SMT-Best\u00fcckung erfolgt automatisch und schnell.<\/p><\/li>

        7. Selbstausrichtung der Teile.<\/strong> Die Oberfl\u00e4chenspannung w\u00e4hrend des Reflow-Prozesses kann kleine Platzierungsverschiebungen korrigieren.<\/p><\/li>

        8. Die Teile k\u00f6nnen sowohl auf der Ober- als auch auf der Unterseite der Platine platziert werden.<\/strong> Dadurch wird die Nutzfl\u00e4che vergr\u00f6\u00dfert.<\/p><\/li>

        9. Geringerer parasit\u00e4rer Widerstand und geringere Induktivit\u00e4t.<\/strong> Dies verringert die Probleme mit RF-Signalen.<\/p><\/li>

        10. Bessere mechanische Leistung bei Vibrationen und St\u00fcrzen.<\/strong> SMT-Bauteile sind oft sto\u00dffester als gro\u00dfe durchkontaktierte Teile.<\/p><\/li>

        11. Viele SMT-Bauteile sind billiger als ihre durchkontaktierten Gegenst\u00fccke.<\/strong><\/p><\/li>

        12. Verbesserte EMC-Leistung.<\/strong> Kleinere Schleifenbereiche verringern die elektromagnetische Emission.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

          SMT-Nachteile<\/h2>

          SMT hat aber auch einige Schattenseiten.<\/p>

          1. Die geringere Gr\u00f6\u00dfe und die feine Teilung erschweren die manuelle Reparatur.<\/strong> Es werden qualifizierte Mitarbeiter und teure Nachbearbeitungswerkzeuge ben\u00f6tigt.<\/p><\/li>

          2. SMD-Bauteile sind keine Plug-and-Play-Bauteile f\u00fcr Breadboards.<\/strong> F\u00fcr schnelle Testvorrichtungen m\u00fcssen Sie eine eigene Leiterplatte verwenden oder SMDs auf Adapterplatten l\u00f6ten.<\/p><\/li>

          3. L\u00f6tverbindungen k\u00f6nnen sich bei Temperaturschwankungen zersetzen.<\/strong> Manche L\u00f6tstellen versagen bei wiederholten Temperaturwechseln.<\/p><\/li>

          4. Feinere Abst\u00e4nde und kleinere Verbindungen erfordern eine h\u00f6here Prozessgenauigkeit.<\/strong> Der SMT-Prozess muss die Platzierung und das L\u00f6ten genau kontrollieren.<\/p><\/li>

          5. SMT eignet sich nicht f\u00fcr gro\u00dfe Teile mit hoher Leistung und hoher Spannung.<\/strong> Beispielsweise werden gro\u00dfe Transformatoren in Stromversorgungen oft noch mit Durchgangsbohrungen versehen. Viele Platinen verwenden einen gemischten Ansatz: SMT f\u00fcr die meisten Teile und Durchkontaktierung f\u00fcr gro\u00dfe Leistungselemente.<\/p><\/li>

          6. SMT kann bei h\u00e4ufigen mechanischen Belastungen schlecht geeignet sein.<\/strong> Bei Steckverbindern, die h\u00e4ufig gesteckt und entfernt werden, k\u00f6nnen die L\u00f6tstellen belastet werden. In diesen F\u00e4llen ist eine Durchsteck- oder verst\u00e4rkte Montage \u00fcblich.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

            PHILIFAST SMT-F\u00e4higkeiten<\/h2>

            Nachfolgend sind die SMT-F\u00e4higkeiten aufgef\u00fchrt, die PHILIFAST bietet:<\/p>

            1. Maximale Leiterplattengr\u00f6\u00dfe f\u00fcr SMT: 310 mm \u00d7 410 mm.<\/p><\/li>

            2. Maximale Plattendicke: 3,0 mm.<\/p><\/li>

            3. Mindestdicke der Platte: 0,5 mm.<\/p><\/li>

            4. Kleinste unterst\u00fctzte chipartige Teile: 0201-Geh\u00e4use oder Teile gr\u00f6\u00dfer als 0,6 mm \u00d7 0,3 mm.<\/p><\/li>

            5. Maximales Teilegewicht f\u00fcr die Platzierung: 150 g.<\/p><\/li>

            6. Maximale H\u00f6he der Teile: 25 mm.<\/p><\/li>

            7. Maximale Grundfl\u00e4che des Teils: 150 mm \u00d7 150 mm.<\/p><\/li>

            8. Mindestabstand f\u00fcr bedrahtete Teile: 0,3 mm.<\/p><\/li>

            9. Unterst\u00fctzter minimaler BGA-Abstand: 0,3 mm.<\/p><\/li>

            10. Unterst\u00fctzter Mindestdurchmesser der BGA-Kugel: 0,3 mm.<\/p><\/li>

            11. Maximale Best\u00fcckungsgenauigkeit f\u00fcr ein 100 QFP: 25 \u03bcm nach IPC-Standard.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

              Warum PHILIFAST f\u00fcr die SMT-Montage w\u00e4hlen?<\/h2>

              1. St\u00e4rke und Kapazit\u00e4t.<\/strong>
                \u25aa SMT-Werkstatt: PHILIFAST hat Best\u00fcckungsautomaten und mehrere optische Pr\u00fcfger\u00e4te eingef\u00fchrt. Sie melden einen t\u00e4glichen Output in der Gr\u00f6\u00dfenordnung von Millionen von Best\u00fcckungen. In jeder Prozessphase gibt es QC-Mitarbeiter, die die Qualit\u00e4t \u00fcberwachen. Das Unternehmen legt Wert auf reiche Erfahrung in SMT und L\u00f6ten sowie auf stabile Lieferzeiten.
                \u25aa Sie haben nach eigenen Angaben Tausende von Elektronikunternehmen bedient. Ihre Arbeit umfasst Steuerplatinen f\u00fcr die Automobilindustrie und die Industrie. Ihre Produkte werden h\u00e4ufig nach Europa und Nordamerika geliefert, und die Kunden \u00e4u\u00dfern sich positiv \u00fcber die Qualit\u00e4t.
                \u25aa P\u00fcnktliche Lieferung: Nach Erhalt der kompletten Platinen und Teile betr\u00e4gt die typische Lieferzeit 3-5 Tage. F\u00fcr dringende Kleinserien kann der Versand am selben Tag arrangiert werden.<\/p><\/li>

              2. Starke Unterst\u00fctzung bei Reparatur und Kundendienst.<\/strong>
                \u25aa PHILIFAST verf\u00fcgt \u00fcber erfahrene Reparaturtechniker, die viele L\u00f6tfehler beheben und die Konnektivit\u00e4t der Platine sicherstellen k\u00f6nnen.
                \u25aa Sie bieten einen 24-Stunden-Kundendienst, um schnell auf Bestellungsprobleme zu reagieren.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

                \"PHILIFAST<\/p>

                Zusammenfassung<\/strong><\/h2>

                SMT spielt in der modernen Elektronikfertigung eine zentrale Rolle. Der \u00dcbergang von der Durchsteckmontage zur Oberfl\u00e4chenmontage hat viele Aspekte des Designs, der Auswahl passiver und aktiver Bauelemente und der Fertigungsstrategie ver\u00e4ndert. Fortschrittliche Packaging-Methoden wie WLP, 3DP und SiP verschieben die Grenzen dessen, was ein Geh\u00e4use leisten kann. Jede Methode bringt Kompromisse in Bezug auf Gr\u00f6\u00dfe, Leistung, Kosten und Prozesskomplexit\u00e4t mit sich. SMT macht die Montage schneller, dichter und oft billiger. Aber SMT stellt auch h\u00f6here Anforderungen an die Prozesssteuerung und die Reparaturf\u00e4higkeiten. PCBA bietet einen Mehrwert, indem es die Montage mit der Beschaffung und dem Testen kombiniert und so eine L\u00f6sung aus einer Hand bietet.<\/p>

                Wenn Sie eine SMT-Best\u00fcckung ben\u00f6tigen, denken Sie daran, die Wahl des Geh\u00e4uses und des Verfahrens auf Funktion, Hitze, mechanische Belastung und Budget abzustimmen. Bei der Produktion von kleinen und mittleren St\u00fcckzahlen k\u00f6nnen Lieferanten, die eine strenge Qualit\u00e4tskontrolle, flexible Vorlaufzeiten und zuverl\u00e4ssige Reparaturdienste anbieten, Zeit und Kosten sparen. F\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten Schritte sollten die Designer Pad-Gr\u00f6\u00dfen, Schablonen\u00f6ffnungen, Platzierungstoleranzen und Reflow-Profile sorgf\u00e4ltig planen. Eine gute Zusammenarbeit zwischen Leiterplattendesignern, Bauteilingenieuren und dem Auftragsfertiger gew\u00e4hrleistet eine bessere Ausbeute beim ersten Durchlauf und eine schnellere Markteinf\u00fchrung.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                SMT (Surface Mount Technology) With technology moving forward, chip packaging around the world has shifted from through-hole parts with dual 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                SMT (Surface Mount Technology)<\\\/h2>

                With technology moving forward, chip packaging around the world has shifted from through-hole parts with dual inline leads to surface-mounted packages. Today we will talk about surface mount technology, or SMT. SMT is the most common assembly method in modern electronics.<\\\/p>

                \\\"smt\\\"<\\\/p>

                SMT stands for Surface Mount Technology. People also call it surface mount assembly or surface mount mounting. It is a set of processes used in electronics assembly. SMT places components that have no long leads or only short leads onto the surface of a printed circuit board, or other substrates. Those components are usually called SMC or SMD, which means surface mount components. SMT parts are soldered to the board by methods like reflow soldering or wave soldering. This forms a complete circuit assembly.<\\\/p>

                Compared with older package styles, SMT puts higher demands on chip packaging. Today\\u2019s advanced package types include wafer level packaging (WLP), three-dimensional packaging (3DP), and system-in-package (SiP). These types require stricter process control, tighter tolerances, and more advanced manufacturing skills.<\\\/p>

                What is Wafer Level Packaging (WLP)?<\\\/h2>

                Wafer Level Packaging, or WLP, is an advanced packaging method. WLP has grown fast in recent years. People use it because it makes small packages, gives good electrical performance, helps heat dissipation, and lowers cost.<\\\/p>

                WLP is different from traditional packaging because the package steps happen while the chips are still on the wafer. A protective layer can be attached to the top or bottom of the wafer. Then the I\\\/O connections are made. After that, the wafer is diced into single chips.<\\\/p>

                WLP has several clear advantages over older methods.<\\\/p>

                1. Small package size.<\\\/strong>
                  Because WLP does not need wire bonds, bonding pads, or a plastic mold, the package does not have to extend beyond the die. So the WLP package size is nearly the same as the chip size.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                2. High data speed.<\\\/strong>
                  WLP usually uses shorter interconnects than traditional wire-bond parts. When the system needs high speed or high frequency, the shorter paths give better signal performance.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                3. High connection density.<\\\/strong>
                  WLP can use area-array connections, not only edge connections. This lets designers place many more connections per unit area between the chip and the board.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                4. Shorter production cycle.<\\\/strong>
                  Because the packaging is done at wafer level, the steps from die fabrication to finished packaged part are simpler. This reduces the number of process steps and shortens lead time.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                5. Lower process cost.<\\\/strong>
                  WLP performs packaging and testing at the wafer level and benefits from batch processing. The cost per device can drop when more good die fit on each wafer. Trends like smaller die sizes and larger wafer diameters also lower cost per device. WLP makes full use of wafer fabrication tools, so capital cost per packaged device is generally lower.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                  Today WLP is widely used in parts like flash memory, EEPROM, high-speed DRAM, SRAM, LCD drivers, RF devices, logic chips, power management chips, and many analog devices such as regulators, temperature sensors, controllers, op amps, and power amplifiers.<\\\/p>

                  What is Three-Dimensional Packaging (3DP)?<\\\/h2>

                  Three-dimensional packaging, or 3DP, is a stacking technique. It includes things like CIS imagers, MEMS packages, and standard device packages. The idea is to stack two or more chips vertically inside one package, without changing the package footprint. This way designers can create larger system functions and better performance inside a single package. 3D packaging began with stacked flash memories (NOR, NAND) and stacked SDRAM.<\\\/p>

                  Main features of 3DP include multi-function integration and high performance. It also gives high capacity and high density. The function per unit volume goes up a lot, and this can lower cost for some applications.<\\\/p>

                  What is System-in-Package (SiP)?<\\\/h2>

                  System-in-Package, or SiP, integrates many different functional chips inside one single package. That can include processors, memory, and other parts. A SiP assembly has multiple dies in layered structures. The package acts as a small system or subsystem. SiP aims for higher performance, more functions, and faster processing. At the same time, SiP cuts the space that devices need inside a product. This is one path toward what people call a convergent system.<\\\/p>

                  SiP has two key traits:<\\\/p>

                  1. It brings together chips with different process technologies and different functions into one package. This lets the final part act as a powerful system module.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                  2. It moves discrete parts that used to sit on the PCB into a multilayer integrated structure inside the package. This makes the final system much smaller.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                    Packaging serves two main roles. One, it connects chip internals to the outside circuit. Two, it protects the chip and its connections. These three advanced packaging methods each have their own strong points. They fit different application needs. Even though they are not yet universal, they point to the future. Time will show which will become the most common method.<\\\/p>

                    Differences Between PCB, SMT, and PCBA<\\\/h2>

                    A clear short guide helps when people mix these terms up.<\\\/p>

                    1. PCB<\\\/strong> means printed circuit board. It is the raw board used in SMT processing. A PCB is a semi-finished product.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                    2. SMT<\\\/strong> means surface mount technology. It is the process that assembles components onto the PCB. SMT is the most common assembly process today.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                    3. PCBA<\\\/strong> means printed circuit board assembly. PCBA includes SMT plus extra services. PCBA adds component sourcing, testing, and final assembly. It is a one-stop service model for the customer. PCBA shows the direction of factory service development.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                      For a finished electronic product, the steps normally go like this: PCB \\u2192 SMT \\u2192 PCBA. PCB production involves many complex steps. SMT is relatively simple by comparison. PCBA aims to offer end-to-end service.<\\\/p>

                      SMT Surface Mount Process<\\\/h2>

                      1. Pre-Assembly: Solder Pad Preparation<\\\/h3>
                      Before assembly, any pads that will hold surface mount parts must be flat and clean. These pads are places where solder, immersion silver, or immersion gold sit. They do not have through-holes. People call these features solder pads.<\\\/div>

                      2. Solder Paste Application<\\\/h3>
                      Solder paste is a sticky mixture of metal powder and flux. The metal used in many solder pastes used to be tin-lead. Today many factories use lead-free alloys. A solder paste printer uses a stainless or nickel steel stencil to apply solder paste to pads. The printing can also be done by jet dispensing, which is similar to inkjet printing.<\\\/div>
                      \\\"Solder<\\\/div>

                      3. Component Pick-and-Place<\\\/h3>
                      After solder paste printing, the board moves to pick-and-place machines on a conveyor. The board aligns and waits for parts. The parts to be placed are usually in paper or plastic tape tubes. A feeder loads these parts into the SMT pick-and-place machine. Larger ICs travel in anti-static trays. The pick-and-place machine picks a component from the tape or tray and places it onto the solder paste on the PCB. The solder paste\\u2019s tackiness holds the part in place.<\\\/div>

                      4. Reflow Soldering: Oven Processing<\\\/h3>
                      Next the PCB goes to the reflow oven. A reflow oven first has a preheat zone. The board and parts warm up slowly. Then the board moves to a high temperature zone. The solder paste melts and bonds the pads to the parts. The surface tension of molten solder helps keep parts in place. Surface tension can also pull slightly misaligned parts back into their correct positions.<\\\/div>

                      5. Common Reflow Soldering Methods<\\\/h3>
                      There are many reflow methods. One uses infrared lamps and is called infrared reflow. Another uses hot air convection. A popular method used to use a special high boiling point fluorocarbon liquid. That method is called vapor phase reflow. After lead-free rules and environmental concerns, many factories reduced use of fluorocarbons. Before about 2008, air or nitrogen convection reflow was common. Each method has pros and cons. With infrared, board design must ensure that short parts are not shadowed by taller parts. But if the process will use vapor phase or convection reflow, part location may be less of a concern.<\\\/div>

                      6. Manual Soldering for Special Components<\\\/h3>
                      During the reflow stage, some unusual or heat-sensitive components need manual soldering. For larger manual work, infrared or convection tools are used to complete reflow soldering for those parts.<\\\/div>

                      7. Double-Sided PCB Processing<\\\/h3>
                      If the PCB is double-sided, printing, placement, and reflow are repeated for the other side. People often use solder paste or red glue to secure components. If wave soldering is required later, glue holds parts in place during the wave process so they do not fall off when exposed to molten solder.<\\\/div>

                      8. Post-Soldering Cleaning<\\\/h3>
                      After soldering, the board may be cleaned to remove flux residues and solder balls that can cause shorts. Rosin flux can be removed by fluorocarbon solvents, high flash point hydrocarbon solvents, or low flash point solvents such as citrus-based cleaners. Water soluble fluxes are washed away with deionized water and cleaner solutions, then dried with air knives to remove surface water quickly. However, many SMT production lines now use no-clean flux. No-clean flux leaves residue on the board. This saves cleaning cost, improves throughput, and reduces waste.<\\\/div>

                      9. SMT Cleaning Standards (IPC Requirements)<\\\/h3>
                      Some SMT production standards, such as those from IPC (Association Connecting Electronics Industries), require specific cleaning levels to ensure board cleanliness. Even some no-clean flux residues must be removed under IPC rules in certain cases. Proper cleaning can remove flux that is invisible to the naked eye along with other dirt and contamination. Not all factories follow IPC rules or disclose that they meet IPC levels. In practice, many manufacturers apply standards that are even stricter than IPC.<\\\/div>

                      10. Final Inspection and Rework<\\\/h3>
                      Finally, the board goes through visual inspection to check for missing parts, wrong orientation, cold joints, solder bridges, and so on. If boards fail, they are sent to repair stations for rework. Common tests include ICT (in-circuit test) or FCT (functional circuit test). Repairs continue until the PCB works as designed.<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                      SMT Advantages<\\\/h2>

                      SMT has many advantages over older through-hole parts.<\\\/p>

                      1. Smaller components.<\\\/strong> By 2012, common small sizes reached 0.4 \\u00d7 0.2 mm (01005). The trend goes toward even smaller parts.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      2. Higher component density.<\\\/strong> More parts can fit on a given area and each part can have more connections.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      3. Higher interconnect density.<\\\/strong> SMT supports more connections per area than through-hole.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      4. Lower cost and faster ramp to production.<\\\/strong> SMT lines can be fast and cost effective.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      5. Fewer holes in board design and manufacturing.<\\\/strong> Fewer drilled holes reduce PCB cost and complexity.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      6. Faster placement process.<\\\/strong> SMT placement is automated and fast.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      7. Self-alignment of parts.<\\\/strong> Surface tension during reflow can correct small placement shifts.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      8. Parts can be placed on both top and bottom of the board.<\\\/strong> This increases usable area.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      9. Lower parasitic resistance and inductance.<\\\/strong> This lowers RF signal issues.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      10. Better mechanical performance under vibration and drop.<\\\/strong> SMT often handles shock better than large through-hole parts.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      11. Many SMT parts are cheaper than their through-hole counterparts.<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      12. Improved EMC performance.<\\\/strong> Smaller loop areas lower electromagnetic emission.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                        SMT Disadvantages<\\\/h2>

                        SMT also has some downsides.<\\\/p>

                        1. Smaller size and fine pitch make manual repair harder.<\\\/strong> Skilled operators and expensive rework tools are needed.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        2. SMD parts are not plug-and-play for breadboards.<\\\/strong> For quick test fixtures, you must use a custom PCB or solder SMDs onto adapter boards.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        3. Solder joints may degrade under thermal cycling.<\\\/strong> Some solder joint failures occur from repeated temperature changes.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        4. Finer pitch and smaller joints demand higher process precision.<\\\/strong> The SMT process must control placement and soldering tightly.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        5. SMT is not suited for large, high-power, high-voltage parts.<\\\/strong> For example, big transformers in power supplies often still use through-hole. Many boards use a mixed approach: SMT for most parts and through-hole for large power elements.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        6. SMT can be a poor fit where mechanical stress is frequent.<\\\/strong> Connectors that see frequent insertion and removal may stress solder joints. In those cases, through-hole or reinforced mounting is common.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                          PHILIFAST SMT Capabilities<\\\/h2>

                          Below are the SMT capabilities that PHILIFAST lists:<\\\/p>

                          1. Maximum board size for SMT: 310 mm \\u00d7 410 mm.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          2. Maximum board thickness: 3.0 mm.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          3. Minimum board thickness: 0.5 mm.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          4. Smallest chip-type parts supported: 0201 package or parts larger than 0.6 mm \\u00d7 0.3 mm.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          5. Maximum part weight for placement: 150 g.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          6. Maximum part height: 25 mm.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          7. Maximum part footprint: 150 mm \\u00d7 150 mm.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          8. Minimum pitch for leaded parts: 0.3 mm.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          9. Minimum BGA pitch supported: 0.3 mm.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          10. Minimum BGA ball diameter supported: 0.3 mm.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          11. Maximum placement accuracy for a 100 QFP: 25 \\u03bcm @ IPC standard.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                            Why Choose PHILIFAST for SMT Assembly<\\\/h2>

                            1. Strength and capacity.<\\\/strong>
                              \\u25aa SMT workshop: PHILIFAST has imported pick-and-place machines and multiple optical inspection devices. They report daily output at the scale of millions of placements. Every process stage has QC staff to monitor quality. They emphasize rich experience in SMT and soldering and stable lead times.
                              \\u25aa They say they have served thousands of electronics companies. Their work includes automotive and industrial control boards. Their products often ship to Europe and North America, and customers give positive feedback about quality.
                              \\u25aa On-time delivery: after receiving complete boards and parts, typical delivery is 3\\u20135 days. For small urgent runs, same-day shipping can be arranged.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                            2. Strong repair and after-sales support.<\\\/strong>
                              \\u25aa PHILIFAST claims experienced repair engineers who can fix many soldering-related defects and ensure board connectivity.
                              \\u25aa They offer 24-hour customer service to respond quickly to order issues.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                              \\\"PHILIFAST<\\\/p>

                              Summary<\\\/strong><\\\/h2>

                              SMT plays a central role in modern electronics manufacturing. The move from through-hole to surface mount changed many aspects of design, passive and active device choice, and manufacturing strategy. Advanced packaging methods like WLP, 3DP, and SiP push the limits of what a package can do. Each method has trade-offs in size, performance, cost, and process complexity. SMT makes assembly faster, denser, and often cheaper. But SMT also raises demands on process control and repair skill. PCBA adds value by combining assembly with sourcing and testing for a one-stop solution.<\\\/p>

                              If you need SMT assembly, remember to match the package and process choices to function, heat, mechanical stress, and budget. For small and mid-volume production, suppliers who offer strong QC, flexible lead time, and reliable repair services can save time and cost. For next steps, designers should plan pad sizes, stencil openings, placement tolerances, and reflow profiles carefully. Good collaboration between PCB designers, component engineers, and the contract manufacturer ensures better first-pass yield and faster time to 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                              \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t
                              \\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"74c8b7c","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<h2 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"32\">SMT (Surface Mount Technology)<\/h2><p data-start=\"34\" data-end=\"306\">With technology moving forward, chip packaging around the world has shifted from through-hole parts with dual inline leads to surface-mounted packages. Today we will talk about surface mount technology, or SMT. SMT is the most common assembly method in modern electronics.<\/p><p data-start=\"34\" data-end=\"306\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3478\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/smt_1.webp\" alt=\"smt\" width=\"700\" height=\"430\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"308\" data-end=\"819\">SMT stands for Surface Mount Technology. People also call it surface mount assembly or surface mount mounting. It is a set of processes used in electronics assembly. SMT places components that have no long leads or only short leads onto the surface of a printed circuit board, or other substrates. Those components are usually called SMC or SMD, which means surface mount components. SMT parts are soldered to the board by methods like reflow soldering or wave soldering. This forms a complete circuit assembly.<\/p><p data-start=\"821\" data-end=\"1137\">Compared with older package styles, SMT puts higher demands on chip packaging. Today\u2019s advanced package types include wafer level packaging (WLP), three-dimensional packaging (3DP), and system-in-package (SiP). These types require stricter process control, tighter tolerances, and more advanced manufacturing skills.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"1139\" data-end=\"1178\">What is Wafer Level Packaging (WLP)?<\/h2><p data-start=\"1180\" data-end=\"1402\">Wafer Level Packaging, or WLP, is an advanced packaging method. WLP has grown fast in recent years. People use it because it makes small packages, gives good electrical performance, helps heat dissipation, and lowers cost.<\/p><p data-start=\"1404\" data-end=\"1675\">WLP is different from traditional packaging because the package steps happen while the chips are still on the wafer. A protective layer can be attached to the top or bottom of the wafer. Then the I\/O connections are made. After that, the wafer is diced into single chips.<\/p><p data-start=\"1677\" data-end=\"1729\">WLP has several clear advantages over older methods.<\/p><ol data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"2929\"><li data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1943\"><p data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1943\"><strong data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1757\">Small package size.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1760\" \/>Because WLP does not need wire bonds, bonding pads, or a plastic mold, the package does not have to extend beyond the die. So the WLP package size is nearly the same as the chip size.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"2145\"><p data-start=\"1948\" data-end=\"2145\"><strong data-start=\"1948\" data-end=\"1968\">High data speed.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1968\" data-end=\"1971\" \/>WLP usually uses shorter interconnects than traditional wire-bond parts. When the system needs high speed or high frequency, the shorter paths give better signal performance.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2147\" data-end=\"2337\"><p data-start=\"2150\" data-end=\"2337\"><strong data-start=\"2150\" data-end=\"2178\">High connection density.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2178\" data-end=\"2181\" \/>WLP can use area-array connections, not only edge connections. This lets designers place many more connections per unit area between the chip and the board.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2554\"><p data-start=\"2342\" data-end=\"2554\"><strong data-start=\"2342\" data-end=\"2371\">Shorter production cycle.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2371\" data-end=\"2374\" \/>Because the packaging is done at wafer level, the steps from die fabrication to finished packaged part are simpler. This reduces the number of process steps and shortens lead time.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2556\" data-end=\"2929\"><p data-start=\"2559\" data-end=\"2929\"><strong data-start=\"2559\" data-end=\"2582\">Lower process cost.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2582\" data-end=\"2585\" \/>WLP performs packaging and testing at the wafer level and benefits from batch processing. The cost per device can drop when more good die fit on each wafer. Trends like smaller die sizes and larger wafer diameters also lower cost per device. WLP makes full use of wafer fabrication tools, so capital cost per packaged device is generally lower.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"2931\" data-end=\"3185\">Today WLP is widely used in parts like flash memory, EEPROM, high-speed DRAM, SRAM, LCD drivers, RF devices, logic chips, power management chips, and many analog devices such as regulators, temperature sensors, controllers, op amps, and power amplifiers.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"3187\" data-end=\"3232\">What is Three-Dimensional Packaging (3DP)?<\/h2><p data-start=\"3234\" data-end=\"3667\">Three-dimensional packaging, or 3DP, is a stacking technique. It includes things like CIS imagers, MEMS packages, and standard device packages. The idea is to stack two or more chips vertically inside one package, without changing the package footprint. This way designers can create larger system functions and better performance inside a single package. 3D packaging began with stacked flash memories (NOR, NAND) and stacked SDRAM.<\/p><p data-start=\"3669\" data-end=\"3883\">Main features of 3DP include multi-function integration and high performance. It also gives high capacity and high density. The function per unit volume goes up a lot, and this can lower cost for some applications.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"3920\">What is System-in-Package (SiP)?<\/h2><p data-start=\"3922\" data-end=\"4384\">System-in-Package, or SiP, integrates many different functional chips inside one single package. That can include processors, memory, and other parts. A SiP assembly has multiple dies in layered structures. The package acts as a small system or subsystem. SiP aims for higher performance, more functions, and faster processing. At the same time, SiP cuts the space that devices need inside a product. This is one path toward what people call a convergent system.<\/p><p data-start=\"4386\" data-end=\"4409\">SiP has two key traits:<\/p><ol data-start=\"4411\" data-end=\"4732\"><li data-start=\"4411\" data-end=\"4576\"><p data-start=\"4414\" data-end=\"4576\">It brings together chips with different process technologies and different functions into one package. This lets the final part act as a powerful system module.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4577\" data-end=\"4732\"><p data-start=\"4580\" data-end=\"4732\">It moves discrete parts that used to sit on the PCB into a multilayer integrated structure inside the package. This makes the final system much smaller.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"4734\" data-end=\"5104\">Packaging serves two main roles. One, it connects chip internals to the outside circuit. Two, it protects the chip and its connections. These three advanced packaging methods each have their own strong points. They fit different application needs. Even though they are not yet universal, they point to the future. Time will show which will become the most common method.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"5106\" data-end=\"5147\">Differences Between PCB, SMT, and PCBA<\/h2><p data-start=\"5149\" data-end=\"5206\">A clear short guide helps when people mix these terms up.<\/p><ol data-start=\"5208\" data-end=\"5731\"><li data-start=\"5208\" data-end=\"5327\"><p data-start=\"5211\" data-end=\"5327\"><strong data-start=\"5211\" data-end=\"5218\">PCB<\/strong> means printed circuit board. It is the raw board used in SMT processing. A PCB is a semi-finished product.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5328\" data-end=\"5477\"><p data-start=\"5331\" data-end=\"5477\"><strong data-start=\"5331\" data-end=\"5338\">SMT<\/strong> means surface mount technology. It is the process that assembles components onto the PCB. SMT is the most common assembly process today.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5478\" data-end=\"5731\"><p data-start=\"5481\" data-end=\"5731\"><strong data-start=\"5481\" data-end=\"5489\">PCBA<\/strong> means printed circuit board assembly. PCBA includes SMT plus extra services. PCBA adds component sourcing, testing, and final assembly. It is a one-stop service model for the customer. PCBA shows the direction of factory service development.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"5733\" data-end=\"5941\">For a finished electronic product, the steps normally go like this: PCB \u2192 SMT \u2192 PCBA. PCB production involves many complex steps. SMT is relatively simple by comparison. PCBA aims to offer end-to-end service.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"5943\" data-end=\"5971\">SMT Surface Mount Process<\/h2><div class=\"inter-jQQQ8P\"><div class=\"container-PrUkKo\"><div class=\"item-hGGxLi\"><div class=\"container-arOxqB chrome70-container\"><div class=\"inner-FyM8gE inner-item-f8P6nx\" data-target-id=\"message-box-target-id\" data-testid=\"union_message\"><div class=\"message-block-container-aFugD6\" data-testid=\"message-block-container\" data-ui-version=\"samantha\"><div class=\"flex flex-row w-full w-full max-w-full s-font-base text-s-color-text-secondary p-0 rounded-s-radius-s bg-transparent group data-[attr=select-mode]:-mt-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:py-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:px-16 data-[attr=select-mode]:sm:p-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:hover:bg-s-color-bg-base data-[attr=select-mode]:hover:rounded-s-radius-xs data-[attr=select-mode]:has-[:checked]:bg-s-color-bg-trans data-[attr=select-mode]:has-[:checked]:rounded-s-radius-xs data-[attr=select-mode]:pointer-events-none\" data-testid=\"receive_message\"><div class=\"flex flex-col flex-grow max-w-full min-w-0\"><div class=\"flex flex-row w-full\" data-testid=\"message_content\" data-message-id=\"22115262776044802\"><div class=\"w-full\" data-plugin-identifier=\"Symbol(infra:receive-message-box:text)\"><div class=\"container-ZYIsnH flow-markdown-body mdbox-theme-next theme-samantha-Nbr9UN\" dir=\"ltr\" data-testid=\"message_text_content\" data-show-indicator=\"false\"><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">1. Pre-Assembly: Solder Pad Preparation<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Before assembly, any pads that will hold surface mount parts must be flat and clean. These pads are places where solder, immersion silver, or immersion gold sit. They do not have through-holes. People call these features solder pads.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2. Solder Paste Application<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Solder paste is a sticky mixture of metal powder and flux. The metal used in many solder pastes used to be tin-lead. Today many factories use lead-free alloys. A solder paste printer uses a stainless or nickel steel stencil to apply solder paste to pads. The printing can also be done by jet dispensing, which is similar to inkjet printing.<\/div><div><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3479\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Solder-Paste-Application.webp\" alt=\"Solder Paste Application\" width=\"600\" height=\"365\" \/><\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">3. Component Pick-and-Place<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">After solder paste printing, the board moves to pick-and-place machines on a conveyor. The board aligns and waits for parts. The parts to be placed are usually in paper or plastic tape tubes. A feeder loads these parts into the SMT pick-and-place machine. Larger ICs travel in anti-static trays. The pick-and-place machine picks a component from the tape or tray and places it onto the solder paste on the PCB. The solder paste\u2019s tackiness holds the part in place.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">4. Reflow Soldering: Oven Processing<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Next the PCB goes to the reflow oven. A reflow oven first has a preheat zone. The board and parts warm up slowly. Then the board moves to a high temperature zone. The solder paste melts and bonds the pads to the parts. The surface tension of molten solder helps keep parts in place. Surface tension can also pull slightly misaligned parts back into their correct positions.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">5. Common Reflow Soldering Methods<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">There are many reflow methods. One uses infrared lamps and is called infrared reflow. Another uses hot air convection. A popular method used to use a special high boiling point fluorocarbon liquid. That method is called vapor phase reflow. After lead-free rules and environmental concerns, many factories reduced use of fluorocarbons. Before about 2008, air or nitrogen convection reflow was common. Each method has pros and cons. With infrared, board design must ensure that short parts are not shadowed by taller parts. But if the process will use vapor phase or convection reflow, part location may be less of a concern.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6. Manual Soldering for Special Components<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">During the reflow stage, some unusual or heat-sensitive components need manual soldering. For larger manual work, infrared or convection tools are used to complete reflow soldering for those parts.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7. Double-Sided PCB Processing<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">If the PCB is double-sided, printing, placement, and reflow are repeated for the other side. People often use solder paste or red glue to secure components. If wave soldering is required later, glue holds parts in place during the wave process so they do not fall off when exposed to molten solder.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">8. Post-Soldering Cleaning<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">After soldering, the board may be cleaned to remove flux residues and solder balls that can cause shorts. Rosin flux can be removed by fluorocarbon solvents, high flash point hydrocarbon solvents, or low flash point solvents such as citrus-based cleaners. Water soluble fluxes are washed away with deionized water and cleaner solutions, then dried with air knives to remove surface water quickly. However, many SMT production lines now use no-clean flux. No-clean flux leaves residue on the board. This saves cleaning cost, improves throughput, and reduces waste.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">9. SMT Cleaning Standards (IPC Requirements)<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Some SMT production standards, such as those from IPC (Association Connecting Electronics Industries), require specific cleaning levels to ensure board cleanliness. Even some no-clean flux residues must be removed under IPC rules in certain cases. Proper cleaning can remove flux that is invisible to the naked eye along with other dirt and contamination. Not all factories follow IPC rules or disclose that they meet IPC levels. In practice, many manufacturers apply standards that are even stricter than IPC.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">10. Final Inspection and Rework<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Finally, the board goes through visual inspection to check for missing parts, wrong orientation, cold joints, solder bridges, and so on. If boards fail, they are sent to repair stations for rework. Common tests include ICT (in-circuit test) or FCT (functional circuit test). Repairs continue until the PCB works as designed.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h2 data-start=\"9918\" data-end=\"9935\">SMT Advantages<\/h2><p data-start=\"9937\" data-end=\"9991\">SMT has many advantages over older through-hole parts.<\/p><ol data-start=\"9993\" data-end=\"11165\"><li data-start=\"9993\" data-end=\"10121\"><p data-start=\"9996\" data-end=\"10121\"><strong data-start=\"9996\" data-end=\"10019\">Smaller components.<\/strong> By 2012, common small sizes reached 0.4 \u00d7 0.2 mm (01005). The trend goes toward even smaller parts.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10122\" data-end=\"10232\"><p data-start=\"10125\" data-end=\"10232\"><strong data-start=\"10125\" data-end=\"10154\">Higher component density.<\/strong> More parts can fit on a given area and each part can have more connections.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10233\" data-end=\"10328\"><p data-start=\"10236\" data-end=\"10328\"><strong data-start=\"10236\" data-end=\"10268\">Higher interconnect density.<\/strong> SMT supports more connections per area than through-hole.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10329\" data-end=\"10421\"><p data-start=\"10332\" data-end=\"10421\"><strong data-start=\"10332\" data-end=\"10377\">Lower cost and faster ramp to production.<\/strong> SMT lines can be fast and cost effective.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10422\" data-end=\"10529\"><p data-start=\"10425\" data-end=\"10529\"><strong data-start=\"10425\" data-end=\"10475\">Fewer holes in board design and manufacturing.<\/strong> Fewer drilled holes reduce PCB cost and complexity.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10530\" data-end=\"10601\"><p data-start=\"10533\" data-end=\"10601\"><strong data-start=\"10533\" data-end=\"10562\">Faster placement process.<\/strong> SMT placement is automated and fast.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10602\" data-end=\"10701\"><p data-start=\"10605\" data-end=\"10701\"><strong data-start=\"10605\" data-end=\"10633\">Self-alignment of parts.<\/strong> Surface tension during reflow can correct small placement shifts.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10702\" data-end=\"10795\"><p data-start=\"10705\" data-end=\"10795\"><strong data-start=\"10705\" data-end=\"10765\">Parts can be placed on both top and bottom of the board.<\/strong> This increases usable area.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10796\" data-end=\"10877\"><p data-start=\"10799\" data-end=\"10877\"><strong data-start=\"10799\" data-end=\"10845\">Lower parasitic resistance and inductance.<\/strong> This lowers RF signal issues.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10878\" data-end=\"11005\"><p data-start=\"10882\" data-end=\"11005\"><strong data-start=\"10882\" data-end=\"10941\">Better mechanical performance under vibration and drop.<\/strong> SMT often handles shock better than large through-hole parts.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"11006\" data-end=\"11080\"><p data-start=\"11010\" data-end=\"11080\"><strong data-start=\"11010\" data-end=\"11078\">Many SMT parts are cheaper than their through-hole counterparts.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"11081\" data-end=\"11165\"><p data-start=\"11085\" data-end=\"11165\"><strong data-start=\"11085\" data-end=\"11114\">Improved EMC performance.<\/strong> Smaller loop areas lower electromagnetic emission.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"11167\" data-end=\"11187\">SMT Disadvantages<\/h2><p data-start=\"11189\" data-end=\"11217\">SMT also has some downsides.<\/p><ol data-start=\"11219\" data-end=\"12195\"><li data-start=\"11219\" data-end=\"11339\"><p data-start=\"11222\" data-end=\"11339\"><strong data-start=\"11222\" data-end=\"11280\">Smaller size and fine pitch make manual repair harder.<\/strong> Skilled operators and expensive rework tools are needed.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"11340\" data-end=\"11484\"><p data-start=\"11343\" data-end=\"11484\"><strong data-start=\"11343\" data-end=\"11395\">SMD parts are not plug-and-play for breadboards.<\/strong> For quick test fixtures, you must use a custom PCB or solder SMDs onto adapter boards.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"11485\" data-end=\"11610\"><p data-start=\"11488\" data-end=\"11610\"><strong data-start=\"11488\" data-end=\"11540\">Solder joints may degrade under thermal cycling.<\/strong> Some solder joint failures occur from repeated temperature changes.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"11611\" data-end=\"11745\"><p data-start=\"11614\" data-end=\"11745\"><strong data-start=\"11614\" data-end=\"11681\">Finer pitch and smaller joints demand higher process precision.<\/strong> The SMT process must control placement and soldering tightly.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"11746\" data-end=\"11989\"><p data-start=\"11749\" data-end=\"11989\"><strong data-start=\"11749\" data-end=\"11813\">SMT is not suited for large, high-power, high-voltage parts.<\/strong> For example, big transformers in power supplies often still use through-hole. Many boards use a mixed approach: SMT for most parts and through-hole for large power elements.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"11990\" data-end=\"12195\"><p data-start=\"11993\" data-end=\"12195\"><strong data-start=\"11993\" data-end=\"12055\">SMT can be a poor fit where mechanical stress is frequent.<\/strong> Connectors that see frequent insertion and removal may stress solder joints. In those cases, through-hole or reinforced mounting is common.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"12197\" data-end=\"12226\">PHILIFAST SMT Capabilities<\/h2><p data-start=\"12228\" data-end=\"12280\">Below are the SMT capabilities that PHILIFAST lists:<\/p><ol data-start=\"12282\" data-end=\"12831\"><li data-start=\"12282\" data-end=\"12331\"><p data-start=\"12285\" data-end=\"12331\">Maximum board size for SMT: 310 mm \u00d7 410 mm.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"12332\" data-end=\"12369\"><p data-start=\"12335\" data-end=\"12369\">Maximum board thickness: 3.0 mm.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"12370\" data-end=\"12407\"><p data-start=\"12373\" data-end=\"12407\">Minimum board thickness: 0.5 mm.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"12408\" data-end=\"12499\"><p data-start=\"12411\" data-end=\"12499\">Smallest chip-type parts supported: 0201 package or parts larger than 0.6 mm \u00d7 0.3 mm.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"12500\" data-end=\"12546\"><p data-start=\"12503\" data-end=\"12546\">Maximum part weight for placement: 150 g.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"12547\" data-end=\"12579\"><p data-start=\"12550\" data-end=\"12579\">Maximum part height: 25 mm.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"12580\" data-end=\"12625\"><p data-start=\"12583\" data-end=\"12625\">Maximum part footprint: 150 mm \u00d7 150 mm.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"12626\" data-end=\"12670\"><p data-start=\"12629\" data-end=\"12670\">Minimum pitch for leaded parts: 0.3 mm.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"12671\" data-end=\"12712\"><p data-start=\"12674\" data-end=\"12712\">Minimum BGA pitch supported: 0.3 mm.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"12713\" data-end=\"12763\"><p data-start=\"12717\" data-end=\"12763\">Minimum BGA ball diameter supported: 0.3 mm.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"12764\" data-end=\"12831\"><p data-start=\"12768\" data-end=\"12831\">Maximum placement accuracy for a 100 QFP: 25 \u03bcm @ IPC standard.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"12833\" data-end=\"12873\">Why Choose PHILIFAST for SMT Assembly<\/h2><ol data-start=\"12875\" data-end=\"13853\"><li data-start=\"12875\" data-end=\"13600\"><p data-start=\"12878\" data-end=\"13600\"><strong data-start=\"12878\" data-end=\"12904\">Strength and capacity.<\/strong><br data-start=\"12904\" data-end=\"12907\" \/>\u25aa SMT workshop: PHILIFAST has imported pick-and-place machines and multiple optical inspection devices. They report daily output at the scale of millions of placements. Every process stage has QC staff to monitor quality. They emphasize rich experience in SMT and soldering and stable lead times.<br data-start=\"13206\" data-end=\"13209\" \/>\u25aa They say they have served thousands of electronics companies. Their work includes automotive and industrial control boards. Their products often ship to Europe and North America, and customers give positive feedback about quality.<br data-start=\"13444\" data-end=\"13447\" \/>\u25aa On-time delivery: after receiving complete boards and parts, typical delivery is 3\u20135 days. For small urgent runs, same-day shipping can be arranged.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"13602\" data-end=\"13853\"><p data-start=\"13605\" data-end=\"13853\"><strong data-start=\"13605\" data-end=\"13647\">Strong repair and after-sales support.<\/strong><br data-start=\"13647\" data-end=\"13650\" \/>\u25aa PHILIFAST claims experienced repair engineers who can fix many soldering-related defects and ensure board connectivity.<br data-start=\"13774\" data-end=\"13777\" \/>\u25aa They offer 24-hour customer service to respond quickly to order issues.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3477\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PHILIFAST-smt-line.webp\" alt=\"PHILIFAST smt line\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" \/><\/p><h2 data-start=\"13855\" data-end=\"13871\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"13873\" data-end=\"14451\">SMT plays a central role in modern electronics manufacturing. The move from through-hole to surface mount changed many aspects of design, passive and active device choice, and manufacturing strategy. Advanced packaging methods like WLP, 3DP, and SiP push the limits of what a package can do. Each method has trade-offs in size, performance, cost, and process complexity. SMT makes assembly faster, denser, and often cheaper. But SMT also raises demands on process control and repair skill. PCBA adds value by combining assembly with sourcing and testing for a one-stop solution.<\/p><p data-start=\"14453\" data-end=\"14991\">If you need SMT assembly, remember to match the package and process choices to function, heat, mechanical stress, and budget. For small and mid-volume production, suppliers who offer strong QC, flexible lead time, and reliable repair services can save time and cost. For next steps, designers should plan pad sizes, stencil openings, placement tolerances, and reflow profiles carefully. Good collaboration between PCB designers, component engineers, and the contract manufacturer ensures better first-pass yield and faster time to market.<\/p>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"0ccea79"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-1923.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-1923.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"SMT (Surface Mount Technology) With technology moving forward, chip packaging around the world has shifted from through-hole parts with dual […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1923"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3482,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1923\/revisions\/3482"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}