{"id":2398,"date":"2025-09-04T06:51:53","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T06:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=2398"},"modified":"2025-09-26T06:15:21","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T06:15:21","slug":"enig-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-manufacturer\/enig-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"ENIG - \u00dcbersicht und Details"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2398\" class=\"elementor elementor-2398\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bd3b36 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3bd3b36\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9c876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f9c876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\">ENIG steht f\u00fcr Chemisch Nickel Immersionsgold. Man nennt es auch Chemisch-Nickel-Tauchgold. Es handelt sich um eine Oberfl\u00e4chenveredelung, die bei Leiterplatten (PCBs) verwendet wird. H\u00e4ufig wird die Abk\u00fcrzung ENIG verwendet oder es wird von einer chemischen Goldplatte gesprochen. Heute werden viele <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-assembly\/\">PCBA<\/a> Platinen in Mobiltelefonen verwenden ENIG. Einige <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> Tr\u00e4gerkarten verwenden ebenfalls ENIG.<\/p><p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2804\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB-300x182.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"695\">Im Vergleich zu galvanisch abgeschiedenem Nickel-Gold ben\u00f6tigt ENIG w\u00e4hrend der Beschichtungsschritte keinen Strom auf der Leiterplatte. Es muss auch kein Draht zu jedem Pad gezogen werden, um Nickel und Gold aufzubringen. Da der Prozess einfacher ist, k\u00f6nnen die Hersteller viele Leiterplatten schnell herstellen. Das Ergebnis ist ein h\u00f6herer Aussto\u00df und niedrigere Kosten.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"719\">ENIG-Produktionsablauf<\/h1><p data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"861\">Hier sind zwei g\u00e4ngige Produktionsabl\u00e4ufe zu sehen. Die erste ist der normale ENIG-Fluss. Die zweite ist der Dickgoldfluss f\u00fcr Pads, die mehr Gold ben\u00f6tigen.<\/p><p data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"427\"><strong data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"71\">Typischer ENIG-Fluss:<\/strong><br data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"74\" \/>Horizontale Vorreinigung \u2192 Platinen einlegen \u2192 Entfetten (Ent\u00f6len) \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit Wasser (x2) \u2192 Mikro-\u00c4tzen \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit Wasser (x2) \u2192 S\u00e4urereinigen \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit reinem Wasser (x2) \u2192 Vortauchen \u2192 Aktivieren \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit reinem Wasser (x3) \u2192 Chemisches Vernickeln (Ni\/P) \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit reinem Wasser (x2) \u2192 Tauchvergoldung \u2192 R\u00fcckgewinnung \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit reinem Wasser (x2) \u2192 Entladen \u2192 Platinenwaschen \u2192 Platinenpr\u00fcfung<\/p><p data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"814\"><strong data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"449\">Dickes Gold flie\u00dft:<\/strong><br data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"452\" \/>Horizontale Vorreinigung \u2192 Platten einlegen \u2192 Entfetten \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit Wasser (x2) \u2192 Mikro\u00e4tzung \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit Wasser (x2) \u2192 S\u00e4urereinigung \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit reinem Wasser (x2) \u2192 Vortauchen \u2192 Aktivierung \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit reinem Wasser (x3) \u2192 Chemische Nickelablagerung (Ni\/P) \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit reinem Wasser (x2) \u2192 Vortauchen f\u00fcr Gold \u2192 Dicke Goldablagerung \u2192 R\u00fcckgewinnung \u2192 Sp\u00fclen mit reinem Wasser (x2) \u2192 Entladen \u2192 Plattenw\u00e4sche \u2192 Platteninspektion<\/p><h1 data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1852\">Erl\u00e4uterungen zu den wichtigsten Schritten - einfach<\/h1><p data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"2020\">Vorbehandlung: Ziel ist es, das Kupfer zu b\u00fcrsten oder sandzustrahlen, um Oxide zu entfernen. Dadurch wird auch die Kupferoberfl\u00e4che aufgeraut. Durch das Aufrauen k\u00f6nnen Nickel und Gold sp\u00e4ter besser haften.<\/p><p data-start=\"2022\" data-end=\"2228\">Mikro-\u00c4tzen: Verwenden Sie Natriumpersulfat oder Schwefels\u00e4ure, um das Oxid auf Kupfer zu entfernen. Micro-etch reduziert auch tiefe Kratzer, die durch B\u00fcrsten verursacht werden. Tiefe B\u00fcrstenspuren k\u00f6nnen dazu beitragen, dass Tauchgold das Nickel sp\u00e4ter angreift.<\/p><p data-start=\"2230\" data-end=\"2566\">Aktivierung: Kupfer kann die chemische Nickelabscheidung nicht von selbst in Gang setzen. Daher wird zun\u00e4chst eine d\u00fcnne Schicht Palladium (Pd) auf das Kupfer aufgebracht. Palladium wirkt als Katalysator f\u00fcr die Nickelabscheidung. Die Chemie nutzt die Tatsache, dass Kupfer aktiver ist als Palladium. Palladiumionen reduzieren sich zu Palladiummetall und haften an der Kupferoberfl\u00e4che.<\/p><p data-start=\"2568\" data-end=\"2881\">Chemisch-Nickel (Ni\/P): Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Nickel-Phosphor-Lagerst\u00e4tte. Seine Hauptaufgabe besteht darin, die Migration und Diffusion zwischen Kupfer und Gold zu verhindern. Au\u00dferdem reagiert sie beim L\u00f6ten mit dem Lot und bildet intermetallische Verbindungen (IMC). Mit anderen Worten: Die Nickelschicht verhindert, dass Kupfer in das Lot eindringt, und unterst\u00fctzt die L\u00f6tverbindung.<\/p><p data-start=\"2883\" data-end=\"3365\">Chemisch vergoldet: Gold sch\u00fctzt das Nickel vor Oxidation. Gold reagiert nicht mit der L\u00f6tchemie. Zu viel Gold kann die Festigkeit der L\u00f6tstelle verringern. Daher muss die Goldschicht das Nickel nur gut genug bedecken, um Oxidation zu verhindern. Wenn Sie Chip On Board (COB)-Drahtbonding betreiben, ben\u00f6tigen Sie eine dickere Goldschicht. F\u00fcr die meisten Oberfl\u00e4chenpads ist eine d\u00fcnne Schicht von etwa 0,05 \u00b5m (2 \u00b5\u201d) oder d\u00fcnner \u00fcblich. Diese d\u00fcnne Schicht ist leicht zu kontrollieren und senkt die Kosten im Vergleich zu galvanisch aufgebrachtem Nickel-Gold.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3403\">Warum ENIG-Gold d\u00fcnn ist und das Risiko<\/h1><p data-start=\"3405\" data-end=\"3797\">Da ENIG-Gold sehr d\u00fcnn ist, sch\u00fctzt es Nickel nur vor Luft und Korrosion. Wenn das Gold nicht ausreicht, kommt das Nickel mit der Luft in Kontakt und korrodiert. Oder das Gold kann durch das s\u00e4urehaltige Goldbad \u00fcber\u00e4tzt werden. In beiden F\u00e4llen kann es zu \u201cschwarzem Nickel\u201d oder \u201cschwarzem Pad\u201d kommen. Die Goldschicht kann mit dem Auge noch gl\u00e4nzend aussehen. Eine Sichtpr\u00fcfung ist also nicht zuverl\u00e4ssig. Es ist sehr wichtig, die Qualit\u00e4t von ENIG-Leiterplatten vor der Montage zu pr\u00fcfen.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3799\" data-end=\"3846\">Schwarzer Nickel - wie er entsteht und warum er schlecht ist<\/h1><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\">Die Qualit\u00e4t der Nickelschicht h\u00e4ngt von der Zusammensetzung des Nickelbads und der Temperaturkontrolle w\u00e4hrend der chemischen Abscheidung ab. Auch der Tauchgoldschritt wirkt sich auf das Ergebnis aus. Beim chemischen Nickelverfahren werden Hypophosphit (Natriumhypophosphit) und Nickelsalze in einer selbstkatalysierten Reaktion verwendet. Die Ablagerung enth\u00e4lt etwas Phosphor (P). Untersuchungen zeigen, dass der normale Phosphorgehalt in der Nickelabscheidung etwa 7% bis 10% betragen sollte. Wenn das Bad nicht gut gehalten wird oder die Temperaturkontrolle versagt, wird der Phosphorgehalt au\u00dferhalb dieses Bereichs liegen.<\/p><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2805\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"PCB Black Nickel Phenomenon\" width=\"600\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon-300x120.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"4370\" data-end=\"4648\">Wenn der Phosphorgehalt zu niedrig ist, kann die Nickelschicht leicht korrodieren. Diese Korrosion beginnt oft damit, dass das saure Goldbad das Nickel angreift. Ist der Phosphorgehalt zu hoch, wird die Schicht hart. Das verschlechtert die L\u00f6tbarkeit. Auch die Bildung von zuverl\u00e4ssigen L\u00f6tstellen wird dadurch beeintr\u00e4chtigt.<\/p><p data-start=\"4650\" data-end=\"4968\">Wenn die Nickelablagerung wenig Phosphor aufweist und der Tauchgoldschritt nicht gut gehandhabt wird, kann die Goldschicht stark rei\u00dfen. Bei der sp\u00e4teren Reinigung kann das saure Goldbad schwer zu entfernen sein. Freiliegendes Nickel korrodiert an der Luft schneller. Dies f\u00fchrt zu schwarzem Nickel, auch Black Pad genannt. Schwarzes Pad verursacht schlechte L\u00f6tstellen.<\/p><p data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"5382\">Wenn sich schwarzer Nickel bildet, kann die Goldschicht auf der Platinenoberfl\u00e4che noch gl\u00e4nzend und golden aussehen. Man k\u00f6nnte also meinen, das Pad sei in Ordnung. Beim Hochtemperaturl\u00f6ten l\u00f6st sich die Goldschicht schnell in der L\u00f6tpaste auf. Das korrodierte Nickel kann nicht mit dem geschmolzenen Lot reagieren und eine intermetallische Verbindung (IMC) bilden. Dadurch sinkt die Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit der L\u00f6tstelle. Die L\u00f6tstellen brechen dann leicht bei kleinen \u00e4u\u00dferen Kr\u00e4ften.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"5384\" data-end=\"5428\">Phosphorreiche Schicht - Entstehung und Schaden<\/h1><p data-start=\"5430\" data-end=\"5808\">Bei ENIG ist das Metall, das sich mit dem Lot legiert, Nickel. Die typische intermetallische Verbindung (IMC) ist Ni3Sn4. Der Phosphor im Nickel verbindet sich nicht mit der Metallverbindung. Der Phosphor ist jedoch in der Nickelschicht vorhanden und gleichm\u00e4\u00dfig verteilt. Wenn Nickel reagiert und IMC bildet, sammelt sich der restliche Phosphor an. Er konzentriert sich am Rand der IMC und bildet eine phosphorreiche Schicht.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\">Wenn die phosphorreiche Schicht zu dick ist, ist ihre Festigkeit gering. Wenn eine L\u00f6tstelle unter Spannung steht, bricht die schw\u00e4chste Stelle zuerst. Oft ist die phosphorreiche Schicht diese schwache Stelle. Dann sinkt die Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit der L\u00f6tstelle.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2806\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"Phosphorus-rich layer phenomenon\" width=\"574\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp 574w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon-300x230.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"6031\" data-end=\"6503\">Dies ist bei bleifreien Prozessen mit hoher Erw\u00e4rmung noch schlimmer. Wenn die Prozesssteuerung schlecht ist, wird die IMC dick. Mehr IMC bedeutet mehr Phosphorreste. So w\u00e4chst die phosphorreiche Schicht. Das Ergebnis ist ein h\u00f6heres Risiko von L\u00f6tstellenausf\u00e4llen. Die phosphorreiche Schicht ist als dunkles Band zwischen der IMC und dem Nickel zu erkennen. Die energiedispersive R\u00f6ntgenspektroskopie (EDS) zeigt, dass dieses Band einen sehr hohen Phosphorgehalt aufweist. Viele Fehlerf\u00e4lle zeigen, dass die phosphorreiche Schicht Risse in der Verbindung verursacht.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"6505\" data-end=\"6560\">Verhinderung von schwarzem Nickel und phosphorhaltigen Schichten<\/h1><p data-start=\"6562\" data-end=\"6733\">Sowohl schwarze Nickel- als auch phosphorreiche Schichten sind versteckte M\u00e4ngel. Bei normalen Sichtkontrollen k\u00f6nnen sie \u00fcbersehen werden. Aber wenn wir ihre Ursachen kennen, k\u00f6nnen wir sie durch gute Kontrollen verhindern.<\/p><p data-start=\"6735\" data-end=\"6752\">F\u00fcr schwarzes Nickel:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"7187\"><li data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"6876\"><p data-start=\"6755\" data-end=\"6876\">Pflegen Sie das Vernickelungsbad und halten Sie die Temperatur stabil. Dies hilft, das Nickel-Phosphor-Verh\u00e4ltnis im richtigen Bereich zu halten.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"6963\"><p data-start=\"6879\" data-end=\"6963\">Behalten Sie das saure Goldbad bei. Wenn das Goldbad zu korrosiv ist, passen Sie es rechtzeitig an.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6964\" data-end=\"7043\"><p data-start=\"6966\" data-end=\"7043\">Kontrollieren Sie die Vorbehandlung gut. Vermeiden Sie tiefe B\u00fcrstenstriche. R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde gut entfernen.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7044\" data-end=\"7133\"><p data-start=\"7046\" data-end=\"7133\">Kontrollieren Sie die Aktivierung und die Sp\u00fclvorg\u00e4nge, damit die Palladiumaussaat gleichm\u00e4\u00dfig ist und sich das Nickel gut ablagert.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7134\" data-end=\"7187\"><p data-start=\"7136\" data-end=\"7187\">Kontrollieren Sie die Eintauchzeit des Goldes, damit das Gold nicht bricht.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"7189\" data-end=\"7273\">Benutzer und K\u00e4ufer sollten die ENIG-Qualit\u00e4t vor der Montage pr\u00fcfen. Es gibt mehrere Methoden:<\/p><ol data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7829\"><li data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7456\"><p data-start=\"7278\" data-end=\"7456\">Untersuchen Sie die Oberfl\u00e4che des Pads mit einem Rasterelektronenmikroskop (SEM). Pr\u00fcfen Sie, ob das Gold Risse aufweist. Verwenden Sie EDS, um den Phosphoranteil im Nickel zu messen. Dies ergibt eine klare Mikroansicht.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7458\" data-end=\"7653\"><p data-start=\"7461\" data-end=\"7653\">Manueller L\u00f6ttest. Handl\u00f6ten Sie typische L\u00f6tstellen und messen Sie dann die Zug- oder Scherfestigkeit der Verbindung. Wenn die Zugfestigkeit viel geringer als normal ist, kann Schwarznickel vorhanden sein. Dieser Test ist einfach und schnell.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7655\" data-end=\"7829\"><p data-start=\"7658\" data-end=\"7829\">Korrosionstest mit saurem Gas. ENIG-Proben werden saurem Gas ausgesetzt. Wenn sich Pulver bildet oder sich die Oberfl\u00e4che verf\u00e4rbt, bedeutet dies, dass die Goldschicht Risse aufweist. Das zeigt, dass es sich wahrscheinlich um Schwarznickel handelt.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7831\" data-end=\"8035\">Von diesen Methoden ist die zweite die bequemste und schnellste. Sie ist einfach zu handhaben. Mit diesen Pr\u00fcfungen k\u00f6nnen Sie Probleme vor dem Zusammenbau finden. Das verringert die Zahl der sp\u00e4ter defekten Platinen und senkt die Verluste.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8037\" data-end=\"8076\">Kontrolle der phosphorhaltigen Schicht<\/h1><p data-start=\"8078\" data-end=\"8443\">Um die phosphorreiche Schicht zu reduzieren, muss das Nickel-Phosphor-Verh\u00e4ltnis in der Ablagerung im richtigen Bereich gehalten werden. Kontrollieren Sie auch den L\u00f6tprozess. Steuern Sie die L\u00f6tzeit und die L\u00f6ttemperatur. Ziel ist es, die IMC-Dicke im optimalen Bereich von etwa 1-2 Mikron (\u00b5m) zu halten. Wenn die IMC zu dick wird, konzentriert sich mehr Phosphor. Dadurch wird die phosphorreiche Schicht schlechter.<\/p><p data-start=\"8445\" data-end=\"8643\">Kurz gesagt, eine gute Badpflege, Temperaturkontrolle und pr\u00e4zise L\u00f6tprofile sind der Schl\u00fcssel. Diese Schritte halten die IMC d\u00fcnn und die phosphorreiche Schicht klein. Dann bleibt die Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit der L\u00f6tstellen hoch.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8645\" data-end=\"8670\">Zusammenfassung - einfache Punkte<\/h1><ul data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"10113\"><li data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"8780\"><p data-start=\"8674\" data-end=\"8780\">ENIG ist chemisch Nickel, gefolgt von Chemisch Gold. Es wird h\u00e4ufig f\u00fcr Telefon-PCBA und einige BGA-Tr\u00e4ger verwendet.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8781\" data-end=\"8902\"><p data-start=\"8783\" data-end=\"8902\">ENIG ist billiger und einfacher als galvanisches Nickel-Gold, weil es keine elektrische Beschichtung oder Verdrahtung ben\u00f6tigt.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8903\" data-end=\"9073\"><p data-start=\"8905\" data-end=\"9073\">Die wichtigsten Schritte sind Vorbehandlung, Mikro\u00e4tzung, Aktivierung mit Palladium, chemischem Nickel (Ni\/P) und Tauchvergoldung. F\u00fcr besondere Anforderungen gibt es auch eine Dickgoldvariante.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9074\" data-end=\"9321\"><p data-start=\"9076\" data-end=\"9321\">Chemisches Nickel blockiert die Kupfer-Gold-Migration und hilft bei der Bildung von IMC. Immersionsgold sch\u00fctzt Nickel vor Oxidation. Gold ist d\u00fcnn und muss nur das Nickel sch\u00fctzen. Zu viel Gold beeintr\u00e4chtigt die L\u00f6tfestigkeit. F\u00fcr das Drahtbonden (COB) sollte dickeres Gold verwendet werden.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9322\" data-end=\"9503\"><p data-start=\"9324\" data-end=\"9503\">Schwarzes Nickel (schwarzer Belag) entsteht, wenn Nickel einen falschen Phosphorgehalt hat oder wenn die Goldschicht Risse aufweist. Schwarzes Nickel kann sich unter gl\u00e4nzendem Gold verstecken. Es verursacht schlechte L\u00f6tung und Risse.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9504\" data-end=\"9707\"><p data-start=\"9506\" data-end=\"9707\">Phosphorreiche Schichten bilden sich in der N\u00e4he der IMC-Kante, wenn Nickel Phosphor enth\u00e4lt. Dickes IMC und schlechte Prozesskontrolle verschlimmern dies. Die phosphorreiche Schicht senkt die Verbindungsfestigkeit und verursacht Risse.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9708\" data-end=\"9867\"><p data-start=\"9710\" data-end=\"9867\">Vermeiden Sie Probleme, indem Sie das Nickel- und Goldbad gut pflegen, die Temperatur kontrollieren, tiefe B\u00fcrstenabdr\u00fccke vermeiden und die L\u00f6tprofile kontrollieren.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9868\" data-end=\"10005\"><p data-start=\"9870\" data-end=\"10005\">F\u00fcr die Qualit\u00e4tskontrolle k\u00f6nnen Sie SEM\/EDS, manuelle L\u00f6tabzugstests oder S\u00e4uregas-Korrosionstests verwenden. Manuelles Ziehen des L\u00f6tmittels ist die schnellste und einfachste Methode.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10006\" data-end=\"10113\"><p data-start=\"10008\" data-end=\"10113\">Halten Sie die IMC-Dicke bei bleifreien Prozessen bei 1-2 \u00b5m, um das Risiko eines Ausfalls der phosphorreichen Schicht zu verringern.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-pbqz7o7 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"pbqz7o7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\" data-id=\"7882748\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fc6712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">H\u00e4ufig gestellte Fragen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"631b990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Warum sollte man ENIG anderen Veredelungen vorziehen?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\"><p>ENIG bietet eine sehr flache, ebene Oberfl\u00e4che, eine gute Lagerf\u00e4higkeit und eine zuverl\u00e4ssige L\u00f6tbarkeit f\u00fcr Fine-Pitch-Komponenten und BGA-Pads. Es wird h\u00e4ufig f\u00fcr oberfl\u00e4chenplanare Baugruppen gew\u00e4hlt.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Was sind die wichtigsten Vorteile von ENIG?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\"><p>Ebenheit (gut f\u00fcr Fine-Pitch und BGA), gute Korrosionsbest\u00e4ndigkeit, gleichm\u00e4\u00dfige L\u00f6tbarkeit und lange Lager-\/Regalbest\u00e4ndigkeit im Vergleich zu einigen organischen Beschichtungen.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Was sind die h\u00e4ufigsten Bedenken oder Nachteile von ENIG?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\"><p>Ein bekanntes Problem ist das \u201cschwarze Pad\u201d (Nickelkorrosion), wenn die Nickel-Phosphor-Schicht unsachgem\u00e4\u00df verarbeitet wird; dies kann die Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit der L\u00f6tstellen beeintr\u00e4chtigen. Eine ordnungsgem\u00e4\u00dfe Prozesskontrolle und Qualit\u00e4tssicherung durch den Lieferanten verringern das Risiko.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ist ENIG f\u00fcr Goldfinger oder Kantenverbinder geeignet?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\"><p>Normalerweise nicht - die Goldschicht von ENIG ist sehr d\u00fcnn und dient in erster Linie dem Schutz. F\u00fcr h\u00e4ufiges Stecken\/Entstecken oder Kantenverbindungen wird Hartgold (galvanisch) \u00fcber Nickel empfohlen.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Kann ENIG mit Fine-Pitch-BGAs und Micro-BGAs verwendet werden?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\"><p>Ja. Die Ebenheit und Planarit\u00e4t von ENIG machen es zu einer guten Wahl f\u00fcr Fine-Pitch-Komponenten und BGA-L\u00f6tbarkeit, wenn der Prozess qualifiziert ist.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Wie sollte ich ENIG in meinen Fertigungsunterlagen angeben?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1036\"><p>Geben Sie die Oberfl\u00e4che als \u201cENIG (Chemisch Nickel \/ Chemisch Gold)\u201d an und f\u00fcgen Sie alle erforderlichen Abnahmekriterien bei (z. B. Nickel-\/Goldklasse, Oberfl\u00e4chenrauheit oder besondere Hinweise zur Beschichtung), damit der Hersteller Ihre Erwartungen kennt.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1037\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1037\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ver\u00e4ndert ENIG die Montageprozesse?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1037\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1037\"><p>Best\u00fcckungsteams sollten ENIG wie andere edle Oberfl\u00e4chen behandeln: Verwenden Sie normale Reflow-\/L\u00f6tprofile, aber stimmen Sie sich ab, wenn Sie eine Via-in-Pad-F\u00fcllung oder eine spezielle Reinigung ben\u00f6tigen oder wenn Sie Wellenl\u00f6ten in der N\u00e4he von ENIG-Bereichen planen.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1038\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1038\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Wie schneidet ENIG im Vergleich zu ENEPIG und ENIG-Alternativen ab?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1038\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1038\"><p>ENEPIG (Chemisch Nickel-Stromlos-Palladium-Tauchgold) f\u00fcgt eine Palladiumschicht zwischen Nickel und Gold hinzu, um in einigen F\u00e4llen die Drahtverbindung und Kontaktzuverl\u00e4ssigkeit zu verbessern. Die Wahl der Oberfl\u00e4che h\u00e4ngt von den Steckzyklen, den Anforderungen an die Kontaktierung und dem Budget ab.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-page"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"3bd3b36\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"b36ef56\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"3f9c876\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p data-start=\\\"67\\\" data-end=\\\"390\\\">ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish used on printed circuit boards (PCBs). People often shorten it to ENIG or call it a chemical gold board. Today many <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/\\\">PCBA<\\\/a> boards inside mobile phones use ENIG. Some <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/bga-assmebly\\\/\\\">BGA<\\\/a> carrier boards also use ENIG.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"67\\\" data-end=\\\"390\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2804\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/ENIG-PCB.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"364\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"392\\\" data-end=\\\"695\\\">Compared with electroplated nickel-gold, ENIG does not need electricity on the board during the plating steps. It also does not need a wire to be pulled to each pad to plate nickel and gold. Because the process is simpler, producers can make many boards fast. The result is higher output and lower cost.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"697\\\" data-end=\\\"719\\\">ENIG production flow<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"721\\\" data-end=\\\"861\\\">Here are two common production sequences. The first is the normal ENIG flow. The second is the thick-gold flow for pads that need more gold.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"49\\\" data-end=\\\"427\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"49\\\" data-end=\\\"71\\\">Typical ENIG flow:<\\\/strong><br data-start=\\\"71\\\" data-end=\\\"74\\\" \\\/>Horizontal preclean \\u2192 Load boards \\u2192 Degrease (oil removal) \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Micro-etch \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Acid clean \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Pre-dip \\u2192 Activation \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \\u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\\\/P) \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Immersion gold \\u2192 Recovery \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Unload \\u2192 Board wash \\u2192 Board inspection<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"429\\\" data-end=\\\"814\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"429\\\" data-end=\\\"449\\\">Thick-gold flow:<\\\/strong><br data-start=\\\"449\\\" data-end=\\\"452\\\" \\\/>Horizontal preclean \\u2192 Load boards \\u2192 Degrease \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Micro-etch \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Acid clean \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Pre-dip \\u2192 Activation \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \\u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\\\/P) \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Pre-dip for gold \\u2192 Thick gold deposit \\u2192 Recovery \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Unload \\u2192 Board wash \\u2192 Board inspection<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"1820\\\" data-end=\\\"1852\\\">Key step explanations \\u2014 simple<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"1854\\\" data-end=\\\"2020\\\">Pre-treatment: The goal is to brush or sandblast the copper to remove oxide. This also roughens the copper surface. Roughing helps nickel and gold stick better later.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2022\\\" data-end=\\\"2228\\\">Micro-etch: Use sodium persulfate or sulfuric acid to remove the oxide on copper. Micro-etch also reduces deep scratches caused by brushing. Deep brush marks can help immersion gold attack the nickel later.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2230\\\" data-end=\\\"2566\\\">Activation: Copper cannot start the chemical nickel deposition by itself. So first we put a thin layer of palladium (Pd) on the copper. Palladium acts as a catalyst for the nickel deposition. The chemistry uses the fact that copper is more active than palladium. Palladium ions reduce to palladium metal and stick to the copper surface.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2568\\\" data-end=\\\"2881\\\">Chemical nickel (Ni\\\/P): This is a nickel-phosphorus deposit. Its main job is to stop migration and diffusion between copper and gold. It also reacts with solder during soldering to form intermetallic compounds (IMC). In other words, the nickel layer keeps copper from moving into the solder and helps solder bond.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2883\\\" data-end=\\\"3365\\\">Immersion gold: Gold protects the nickel from oxidation. Gold does not react in the soldering chemistry. Too much gold can reduce solder joint strength. So the gold layer only needs to cover the nickel well enough to prevent oxidation. If you do Chip On Board (COB) wire bonding, you need a thicker gold layer. For most surface pads, a thin layer around 0.05 \\u00b5m (2 \\u00b5\\\") or thinner is common. This thin layer is easy to control and lowers cost compared with electroplated nickel-gold.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"3367\\\" data-end=\\\"3403\\\">Why ENIG gold is thin and the risk<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"3405\\\" data-end=\\\"3797\\\">Because ENIG gold is very thin, it only protects nickel from air and corrosion. If the gold is not enough, nickel will contact air and corrode. Or the gold can be over-etched by the acidic gold bath. Both cases can cause \\\"black nickel\\\" or \\\"black pad\\\". The gold layer may still look shiny by eye. So visual check is not reliable. It is very important to check ENIG PCB quality before assembly.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"3799\\\" data-end=\\\"3846\\\">Black nickel \\u2014 how it forms and why it is bad<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"3848\\\" data-end=\\\"4368\\\">Nickel layer quality depends on the nickel bath formula and temperature control during chemical deposition. The immersion gold step also affects the result. The chemical nickel process uses hypophosphite (sodium hypophosphite) and nickel salts in a self-catalyzed reaction. The deposit includes some phosphorus (P). Studies show that the normal phosphorus content in the nickel deposit should be about 7% to 10%. If the bath is not kept well or temperature control fails, phosphorus content will fall outside this range.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"3848\\\" data-end=\\\"4368\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2805\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp\\\" alt=\\\"PCB Black Nickel Phenomenon\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"239\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4370\\\" data-end=\\\"4648\\\">If phosphorus is too low, the nickel layer becomes easy to corrode. This corrosion often starts from the acidic gold bath attacking the nickel. If phosphorus is too high, the deposit becomes hard. That lowers solderability. It also hurts the formation of reliable solder joints.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4650\\\" data-end=\\\"4968\\\">If the nickel deposit has low phosphorus and the immersion gold step is not handled well, the gold layer may crack a lot. During later cleaning, the acidic gold bath can be hard to remove. Exposed nickel will corrode faster in air. This leads to black nickel, also called black pad. Black pad causes bad solder joints.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4970\\\" data-end=\\\"5382\\\">When black nickel forms, the gold layer on the board surface may still look shiny and gold. So people may think the pad is fine. During high temperature soldering, the gold layer dissolves quickly into the solder paste. The corroded nickel cannot react with molten solder to make intermetallic compound (IMC). This lowers the reliability of the solder joint. Joints then crack easily under small external forces.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"5384\\\" data-end=\\\"5428\\\">Phosphorus-rich layer \\u2014 formation and harm<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"5430\\\" data-end=\\\"5808\\\">In ENIG, the metal that alloys with solder is the nickel. The typical intermetallic compound (IMC) is Ni3Sn4. Phosphorus in the nickel does not join the metal compound. But phosphorus is present in the nickel deposit and it is spread evenly. When nickel reacts and forms IMC, leftover phosphorus gathers. It concentrates at the edge of the IMC and forms a phosphorus-rich layer.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"5810\\\" data-end=\\\"6029\\\">If the phosphorus-rich layer is too thick, its strength is low. When a solder joint sees stress, the weakest spot breaks first. Often the phosphorus-rich layer is that weak spot. Then the solder joint reliability falls.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"5810\\\" data-end=\\\"6029\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2806\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Phosphorus-rich layer phenomenon\\\" width=\\\"574\\\" height=\\\"440\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"6031\\\" data-end=\\\"6503\\\">This is worse in high-heat lead-free processes. If process control is poor, IMC gets thick. More IMC means more leftover phosphorus. So the phosphorus-rich layer grows. The result is a higher risk of solder joint failure. The phosphorus-rich layer can be seen as a dark band between the IMC and the nickel. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) shows this band has very high phosphorus content. Many failure cases show the phosphorus-rich layer causes joint cracking.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"6505\\\" data-end=\\\"6560\\\">How to prevent black nickel and phosphorus-rich layer<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"6562\\\" data-end=\\\"6733\\\">Both black nickel and phosphorus-rich layers are hidden defects. Normal visual checks can miss them. But if we know their causes, we can use good controls to prevent them.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"6735\\\" data-end=\\\"6752\\\">For black nickel:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"6753\\\" data-end=\\\"7187\\\"><li data-start=\\\"6753\\\" data-end=\\\"6876\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6755\\\" data-end=\\\"6876\\\">Maintain the nickel plating bath and keep temperature stable. This helps keep nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6877\\\" data-end=\\\"6963\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6879\\\" data-end=\\\"6963\\\">Maintain the acidic gold bath. If the gold bath is too corrosive, adjust it in time.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6964\\\" data-end=\\\"7043\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6966\\\" data-end=\\\"7043\\\">Control the pre-treatment well. Avoid deep brush lines. Remove residues well.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7044\\\" data-end=\\\"7133\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7046\\\" data-end=\\\"7133\\\">Control activation and rinses so palladium seeding is uniform and nickel deposits well.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7134\\\" data-end=\\\"7187\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7136\\\" data-end=\\\"7187\\\">Control immersion gold time so gold does not crack.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><p data-start=\\\"7189\\\" data-end=\\\"7273\\\">For users and buyers, check ENIG quality before assembly. There are several methods:<\\\/p><ol data-start=\\\"7275\\\" data-end=\\\"7829\\\"><li data-start=\\\"7275\\\" data-end=\\\"7456\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7278\\\" data-end=\\\"7456\\\">Use scanning electron microscope (SEM) to look at the pad surface. Check if the gold has cracks. Use EDS to measure phosphorus ratio in the nickel. This gives a clear micro view.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7458\\\" data-end=\\\"7653\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7461\\\" data-end=\\\"7653\\\">Manual solder test. Hand-solder typical pads, then measure pull or shear strength of the joint. If pull strength is much lower than normal, black nickel may exist. This test is easy and quick.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7655\\\" data-end=\\\"7829\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7658\\\" data-end=\\\"7829\\\">Acidic gas corrosion test. Expose ENIG samples to acidic gas. If powder forms or the surface discolors, it means the gold layer has cracks. That shows likely black nickel.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"7831\\\" data-end=\\\"8035\\\">Out of these, the second method is most convenient and fast. It is simple to do. With these checks you can find problems before assembly. That reduces the number of boards that fail later and lowers loss.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"8037\\\" data-end=\\\"8076\\\">Controlling the phosphorus-rich layer<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"8078\\\" data-end=\\\"8443\\\">To reduce the phosphorus-rich layer, keep the nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range in the deposit. Also control the soldering process. Control solder time and solder temperature. Aim to keep the IMC thickness near the best range of about 1\\u20132 microns (\\u00b5m). If IMC becomes too thick, more phosphorus will concentrate. That makes the phosphorus-rich layer worse.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8445\\\" data-end=\\\"8643\\\">In short, good bath maintenance, temperature control, and precise soldering profiles are key. These steps keep IMC thin and the phosphorus-rich layer small. Then solder joint reliability stays high.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"8645\\\" data-end=\\\"8670\\\">Summary \\u2014 simple points<\\\/h1><ul data-start=\\\"8672\\\" data-end=\\\"10113\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8672\\\" data-end=\\\"8780\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8674\\\" data-end=\\\"8780\\\">ENIG is electroless nickel followed by immersion gold. It is common in phone PCBA and some BGA carriers.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"8781\\\" data-end=\\\"8902\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8783\\\" data-end=\\\"8902\\\">ENIG is cheaper and simpler than electroplated nickel-gold because it does not need electrical plating or pad wiring.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"8903\\\" data-end=\\\"9073\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8905\\\" data-end=\\\"9073\\\">Main steps are pre-treatment, micro-etch, activation with palladium, chemical nickel (Ni\\\/P), and immersion gold. There is also a thick-gold variant for special needs.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9074\\\" data-end=\\\"9321\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9076\\\" data-end=\\\"9321\\\">Chemical nickel blocks copper-gold migration and helps form solder IMC. Immersion gold protects nickel from oxidation. Gold is thin and only needs to protect nickel. Too much gold hurts solder strength. For wire bonding (COB) use thicker gold.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9322\\\" data-end=\\\"9503\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9324\\\" data-end=\\\"9503\\\">Black nickel (black pad) happens when nickel has wrong phosphorus content or when gold layer cracks. Black nickel can hide under shiny gold. It causes poor soldering and cracks.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9504\\\" data-end=\\\"9707\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9506\\\" data-end=\\\"9707\\\">Phosphorus-rich layers form near the IMC edge when nickel contains phosphorus. Thick IMC and poor process control make this worse. The phosphorus-rich layer lowers joint strength and causes cracking.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9708\\\" data-end=\\\"9867\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9710\\\" data-end=\\\"9867\\\">Prevent problems by keeping nickel bath and gold bath well maintained, controlling temperature, avoiding deep brush marks, and controlling solder profiles.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9868\\\" data-end=\\\"10005\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9870\\\" data-end=\\\"10005\\\">For quality checks use SEM\\\/EDS, manual solder pull tests, or acid gas corrosion tests. Manual solder pull is the fastest and easiest.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"10006\\\" data-end=\\\"10113\\\"><p data-start=\\\"10008\\\" data-end=\\\"10113\\\">Keep IMC thickness near 1\\u20132 \\u00b5m in lead-free processes to lower the risk of phosphorus-rich layer failure.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"59fd57a\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"pbqz7o7\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"gap\":\"no\",\"content_position\":\"top\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"background_position\":\"bottom center\",\"background_attachment\":\"scroll\",\"background_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"background_size\":\"cover\",\"background_size_mobile\":\"cover\",\"background_overlay_background\":\"classic\",\"background_overlay_color_b\":\"rgba(255,255,255,0)\",\"background_overlay_opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"120\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"80\",\"right\":\"40\",\"bottom\":\"80\",\"left\":\"40\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"25\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"25\",\"isLinked\":false},\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"54061b8\"}],\"margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":0,\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":0,\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"7882748\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null,\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"space_between_widgets\":40,\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"c4df55e\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9fc6712\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Frequently Asked Questions\",\"align\":\"center\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"65a7f57\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"631b990\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"tab_title\":\"Why choose ENIG over other finishes?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>ENIG gives a very flat, planar surface, good shelf life, and reliable solderability for fine-pitch components and BGA pads. It\\u2019s often chosen for surface-planarity sensitive assemblies.<\\\/p>\",\"_id\":\"1f7b19c\"},{\"_id\":\"795aace\",\"tab_title\":\"What are the main advantages of ENIG?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Flatness (good for fine-pitch and BGA), good corrosion resistance, consistent solderability, and long storage\\\/shelf life compared with some organic finishes.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"138dc4d\",\"tab_title\":\"What are common concerns or downsides with ENIG?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>One known issue is \\u201cblack pad\\u201d (nickel corrosion) when the nickel-phosphorus layer is improperly processed; this can affect solder joint reliability. Proper vendor process control and QA reduce the risk.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"c8edc3e\",\"tab_title\":\"Is ENIG suitable for gold fingers or edge connectors?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Not usually\\u2014ENIG\\u2019s gold layer is very thin and primarily protective. For frequent mating\\\/unmating or edge connectors, hard (electroplated) gold over nickel is recommended.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"d314a8b\",\"tab_title\":\"Can ENIG be used with fine-pitch BGAs and micro-BGA?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Yes. ENIG\\u2019s flatness and planarity make it a good choice for fine-pitch components and BGA solderability when the process is qualified.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"16932b0\",\"tab_title\":\"How should I specify ENIG on my fabrication notes?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>State the finish as \\u201cENIG (electroless nickel \\\/ immersion gold)\\u201d and include any required acceptance criteria (e.g., nickel\\\/gold class, surface roughness, or special plating notes) so the fabricator knows your expectations.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"09c11cc\",\"tab_title\":\"Does ENIG change assembly processes?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Assembly teams should treat ENIG like other noble finishes: use normal reflow\\\/soldering profiles, but coordinate if you require via-in-pad filling, special cleaning, or if you plan wave soldering near ENIG areas.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"0f6d574\",\"tab_title\":\"How does ENIG compare with ENEPIG and ENIG alternatives?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>ENEPIG (electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold) adds a palladium layer between nickel and gold to improve wire bonding and contact reliability in some cases. 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class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bd3b36 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"3bd3b36\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"3f9c876","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\">ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish used on printed circuit boards (PCBs). People often shorten it to ENIG or call it a chemical gold board. Today many <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/\">PCBA<\/a> boards inside mobile phones use ENIG. Some <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> carrier boards also use ENIG.<\/p><p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2804\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"695\">Compared with electroplated nickel-gold, ENIG does not need electricity on the board during the plating steps. It also does not need a wire to be pulled to each pad to plate nickel and gold. Because the process is simpler, producers can make many boards fast. The result is higher output and lower cost.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"719\">ENIG production flow<\/h1><p data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"861\">Here are two common production sequences. The first is the normal ENIG flow. The second is the thick-gold flow for pads that need more gold.<\/p><p data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"427\"><strong data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"71\">Typical ENIG flow:<\/strong><br data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"74\" \/>Horizontal preclean \u2192 Load boards \u2192 Degrease (oil removal) \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Micro-etch \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Acid clean \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Pre-dip \u2192 Activation \u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\/P) \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Immersion gold \u2192 Recovery \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Unload \u2192 Board wash \u2192 Board inspection<\/p><p data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"814\"><strong data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"449\">Thick-gold flow:<\/strong><br data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"452\" \/>Horizontal preclean \u2192 Load boards \u2192 Degrease \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Micro-etch \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Acid clean \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Pre-dip \u2192 Activation \u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\/P) \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Pre-dip for gold \u2192 Thick gold deposit \u2192 Recovery \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Unload \u2192 Board wash \u2192 Board inspection<\/p><h1 data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1852\">Key step explanations \u2014 simple<\/h1><p data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"2020\">Pre-treatment: The goal is to brush or sandblast the copper to remove oxide. This also roughens the copper surface. Roughing helps nickel and gold stick better later.<\/p><p data-start=\"2022\" data-end=\"2228\">Micro-etch: Use sodium persulfate or sulfuric acid to remove the oxide on copper. Micro-etch also reduces deep scratches caused by brushing. Deep brush marks can help immersion gold attack the nickel later.<\/p><p data-start=\"2230\" data-end=\"2566\">Activation: Copper cannot start the chemical nickel deposition by itself. So first we put a thin layer of palladium (Pd) on the copper. Palladium acts as a catalyst for the nickel deposition. The chemistry uses the fact that copper is more active than palladium. Palladium ions reduce to palladium metal and stick to the copper surface.<\/p><p data-start=\"2568\" data-end=\"2881\">Chemical nickel (Ni\/P): This is a nickel-phosphorus deposit. Its main job is to stop migration and diffusion between copper and gold. It also reacts with solder during soldering to form intermetallic compounds (IMC). In other words, the nickel layer keeps copper from moving into the solder and helps solder bond.<\/p><p data-start=\"2883\" data-end=\"3365\">Immersion gold: Gold protects the nickel from oxidation. Gold does not react in the soldering chemistry. Too much gold can reduce solder joint strength. So the gold layer only needs to cover the nickel well enough to prevent oxidation. If you do Chip On Board (COB) wire bonding, you need a thicker gold layer. For most surface pads, a thin layer around 0.05 \u00b5m (2 \u00b5\") or thinner is common. This thin layer is easy to control and lowers cost compared with electroplated nickel-gold.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3403\">Why ENIG gold is thin and the risk<\/h1><p data-start=\"3405\" data-end=\"3797\">Because ENIG gold is very thin, it only protects nickel from air and corrosion. If the gold is not enough, nickel will contact air and corrode. Or the gold can be over-etched by the acidic gold bath. Both cases can cause \"black nickel\" or \"black pad\". The gold layer may still look shiny by eye. So visual check is not reliable. It is very important to check ENIG PCB quality before assembly.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3799\" data-end=\"3846\">Black nickel \u2014 how it forms and why it is bad<\/h1><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\">Nickel layer quality depends on the nickel bath formula and temperature control during chemical deposition. The immersion gold step also affects the result. The chemical nickel process uses hypophosphite (sodium hypophosphite) and nickel salts in a self-catalyzed reaction. The deposit includes some phosphorus (P). Studies show that the normal phosphorus content in the nickel deposit should be about 7% to 10%. If the bath is not kept well or temperature control fails, phosphorus content will fall outside this range.<\/p><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2805\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"PCB Black Nickel Phenomenon\" width=\"600\" height=\"239\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"4370\" data-end=\"4648\">If phosphorus is too low, the nickel layer becomes easy to corrode. This corrosion often starts from the acidic gold bath attacking the nickel. If phosphorus is too high, the deposit becomes hard. That lowers solderability. It also hurts the formation of reliable solder joints.<\/p><p data-start=\"4650\" data-end=\"4968\">If the nickel deposit has low phosphorus and the immersion gold step is not handled well, the gold layer may crack a lot. During later cleaning, the acidic gold bath can be hard to remove. Exposed nickel will corrode faster in air. This leads to black nickel, also called black pad. Black pad causes bad solder joints.<\/p><p data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"5382\">When black nickel forms, the gold layer on the board surface may still look shiny and gold. So people may think the pad is fine. During high temperature soldering, the gold layer dissolves quickly into the solder paste. The corroded nickel cannot react with molten solder to make intermetallic compound (IMC). This lowers the reliability of the solder joint. Joints then crack easily under small external forces.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"5384\" data-end=\"5428\">Phosphorus-rich layer \u2014 formation and harm<\/h1><p data-start=\"5430\" data-end=\"5808\">In ENIG, the metal that alloys with solder is the nickel. The typical intermetallic compound (IMC) is Ni3Sn4. Phosphorus in the nickel does not join the metal compound. But phosphorus is present in the nickel deposit and it is spread evenly. When nickel reacts and forms IMC, leftover phosphorus gathers. It concentrates at the edge of the IMC and forms a phosphorus-rich layer.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\">If the phosphorus-rich layer is too thick, its strength is low. When a solder joint sees stress, the weakest spot breaks first. Often the phosphorus-rich layer is that weak spot. Then the solder joint reliability falls.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2806\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"Phosphorus-rich layer phenomenon\" width=\"574\" height=\"440\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"6031\" data-end=\"6503\">This is worse in high-heat lead-free processes. If process control is poor, IMC gets thick. More IMC means more leftover phosphorus. So the phosphorus-rich layer grows. The result is a higher risk of solder joint failure. The phosphorus-rich layer can be seen as a dark band between the IMC and the nickel. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) shows this band has very high phosphorus content. Many failure cases show the phosphorus-rich layer causes joint cracking.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"6505\" data-end=\"6560\">How to prevent black nickel and phosphorus-rich layer<\/h1><p data-start=\"6562\" data-end=\"6733\">Both black nickel and phosphorus-rich layers are hidden defects. Normal visual checks can miss them. But if we know their causes, we can use good controls to prevent them.<\/p><p data-start=\"6735\" data-end=\"6752\">For black nickel:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"7187\"><li data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"6876\"><p data-start=\"6755\" data-end=\"6876\">Maintain the nickel plating bath and keep temperature stable. This helps keep nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"6963\"><p data-start=\"6879\" data-end=\"6963\">Maintain the acidic gold bath. If the gold bath is too corrosive, adjust it in time.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6964\" data-end=\"7043\"><p data-start=\"6966\" data-end=\"7043\">Control the pre-treatment well. Avoid deep brush lines. Remove residues well.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7044\" data-end=\"7133\"><p data-start=\"7046\" data-end=\"7133\">Control activation and rinses so palladium seeding is uniform and nickel deposits well.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7134\" data-end=\"7187\"><p data-start=\"7136\" data-end=\"7187\">Control immersion gold time so gold does not crack.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"7189\" data-end=\"7273\">For users and buyers, check ENIG quality before assembly. There are several methods:<\/p><ol data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7829\"><li data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7456\"><p data-start=\"7278\" data-end=\"7456\">Use scanning electron microscope (SEM) to look at the pad surface. Check if the gold has cracks. Use EDS to measure phosphorus ratio in the nickel. This gives a clear micro view.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7458\" data-end=\"7653\"><p data-start=\"7461\" data-end=\"7653\">Manual solder test. Hand-solder typical pads, then measure pull or shear strength of the joint. If pull strength is much lower than normal, black nickel may exist. This test is easy and quick.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7655\" data-end=\"7829\"><p data-start=\"7658\" data-end=\"7829\">Acidic gas corrosion test. Expose ENIG samples to acidic gas. If powder forms or the surface discolors, it means the gold layer has cracks. That shows likely black nickel.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7831\" data-end=\"8035\">Out of these, the second method is most convenient and fast. It is simple to do. With these checks you can find problems before assembly. That reduces the number of boards that fail later and lowers loss.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8037\" data-end=\"8076\">Controlling the phosphorus-rich layer<\/h1><p data-start=\"8078\" data-end=\"8443\">To reduce the phosphorus-rich layer, keep the nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range in the deposit. Also control the soldering process. Control solder time and solder temperature. Aim to keep the IMC thickness near the best range of about 1\u20132 microns (\u00b5m). If IMC becomes too thick, more phosphorus will concentrate. That makes the phosphorus-rich layer worse.<\/p><p data-start=\"8445\" data-end=\"8643\">In short, good bath maintenance, temperature control, and precise soldering profiles are key. These steps keep IMC thin and the phosphorus-rich layer small. Then solder joint reliability stays high.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8645\" data-end=\"8670\">Summary \u2014 simple points<\/h1><ul data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"10113\"><li data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"8780\"><p data-start=\"8674\" data-end=\"8780\">ENIG is electroless nickel followed by immersion gold. It is common in phone PCBA and some BGA carriers.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8781\" data-end=\"8902\"><p data-start=\"8783\" data-end=\"8902\">ENIG is cheaper and simpler than electroplated nickel-gold because it does not need electrical plating or pad wiring.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8903\" data-end=\"9073\"><p data-start=\"8905\" data-end=\"9073\">Main steps are pre-treatment, micro-etch, activation with palladium, chemical nickel (Ni\/P), and immersion gold. There is also a thick-gold variant for special needs.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9074\" data-end=\"9321\"><p data-start=\"9076\" data-end=\"9321\">Chemical nickel blocks copper-gold migration and helps form solder IMC. Immersion gold protects nickel from oxidation. Gold is thin and only needs to protect nickel. Too much gold hurts solder strength. For wire bonding (COB) use thicker gold.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9322\" data-end=\"9503\"><p data-start=\"9324\" data-end=\"9503\">Black nickel (black pad) happens when nickel has wrong phosphorus content or when gold layer cracks. Black nickel can hide under shiny gold. It causes poor soldering and cracks.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9504\" data-end=\"9707\"><p data-start=\"9506\" data-end=\"9707\">Phosphorus-rich layers form near the IMC edge when nickel contains phosphorus. Thick IMC and poor process control make this worse. The phosphorus-rich layer lowers joint strength and causes cracking.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9708\" data-end=\"9867\"><p data-start=\"9710\" data-end=\"9867\">Prevent problems by keeping nickel bath and gold bath well maintained, controlling temperature, avoiding deep brush marks, and controlling solder profiles.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9868\" data-end=\"10005\"><p data-start=\"9870\" data-end=\"10005\">For quality checks use SEM\/EDS, manual solder pull tests, or acid gas corrosion tests. Manual solder pull is the fastest and easiest.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10006\" data-end=\"10113\"><p data-start=\"10008\" data-end=\"10113\">Keep IMC thickness near 1\u20132 \u00b5m in lead-free processes to lower the risk of phosphorus-rich layer failure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"59fd57a"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<section class=\\\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-pbqz7o7 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\\\" data-id=\\\"pbqz7o7\\\" data-element_type=\\\"section\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-background-overlay\\\"><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\\\" data-id=\\\"7882748\\\" data-element_type=\\\"column\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"9fc6712\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Frequently Asked Questions<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"631b990\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Why choose ENIG over other finishes?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\"><p>ENIG gives a very flat, planar surface, good shelf life, and reliable solderability for fine-pitch components and BGA pads. It\\u2019s often chosen for surface-planarity sensitive assemblies.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are the main advantages of ENIG?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\"><p>Flatness (good for fine-pitch and BGA), good corrosion resistance, consistent solderability, and long storage\\\/shelf life compared with some organic finishes.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are common concerns or downsides with ENIG?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\"><p>One known issue is \\u201cblack pad\\u201d (nickel corrosion) when the nickel-phosphorus layer is improperly processed; this can affect solder joint reliability. Proper vendor process control and QA reduce the risk.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Is ENIG suitable for gold fingers or edge connectors?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\"><p>Not usually\\u2014ENIG\\u2019s gold layer is very thin and primarily protective. For frequent mating\\\/unmating or edge connectors, hard (electroplated) gold over nickel is recommended.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Can ENIG be used with fine-pitch BGAs and micro-BGA?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\"><p>Yes. ENIG\\u2019s flatness and planarity make it a good choice for fine-pitch components and BGA solderability when the process is qualified.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1036\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"6\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1036\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">How should I specify ENIG on my fabrication notes?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1036\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"6\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1036\\\"><p>State the finish as \\u201cENIG (electroless nickel \\\/ immersion gold)\\u201d and include any required acceptance criteria (e.g., nickel\\\/gold class, surface roughness, or special plating notes) so the fabricator knows your expectations.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1037\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"7\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1037\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Does ENIG change assembly processes?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1037\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"7\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1037\\\"><p>Assembly teams should treat ENIG like other noble finishes: use normal reflow\\\/soldering profiles, but coordinate if you require via-in-pad filling, special cleaning, or if you plan wave soldering near ENIG areas.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1038\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"8\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1038\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">How does ENIG compare with ENEPIG and ENIG alternatives?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1038\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"8\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1038\\\"><p>ENEPIG (electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold) adds a palladium layer between nickel and gold to improve wire bonding and contact reliability in some cases. Choose finish based on mating cycles, bonding needs, and budget.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/section>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-2398.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-2398.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2398"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3420,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2398\/revisions\/3420"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}