{"id":4634,"date":"2026-01-19T07:35:41","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T07:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4634"},"modified":"2026-01-19T07:35:43","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T07:35:43","slug":"pcb-thermal-management-cooling-and-heat-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-thermal-management-cooling-and-heat-design\/","title":{"rendered":"PCB Thermal Management - K\u00fchlung und W\u00e4rmeentwicklung"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bei Menschen f\u00fchrt eine zu hohe K\u00f6rpertemperatur zu Unwohlsein. Bei elektronischen Bauteilen kommt es zu Ausf\u00e4llen, wenn sie zu hei\u00df werden. Ihre Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit nimmt ab. Daher ist es sehr wichtig, Leiterplatten gut zu k\u00fchlen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beim thermischen Design ist die Leiterplatte der Hauptw\u00e4rmetr\u00e4ger. Die W\u00e4rme auf einer Leiterplatte stammt aus drei Quellen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>W\u00e4rmeentwicklung durch elektronische Bauteile.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>W\u00e4rme, die von der Leiterplatte selbst ausgeht.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>W\u00e4rme, die aus anderen Teilen des Systems stammt.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Von diesen drei Faktoren ist die von den Bauteilen ausgehende W\u00e4rme am gr\u00f6\u00dften. Sie ist die Hauptw\u00e4rmequelle. An zweiter Stelle steht die von der Leiterplatte erzeugte W\u00e4rme. Die von au\u00dfen kommende W\u00e4rme h\u00e4ngt vom thermischen Design des gesamten Systems ab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beim tats\u00e4chlichen Leiterplattenentwurf m\u00fcssen Ingenieure viele Aspekte der W\u00e4rmeableitung ber\u00fccksichtigen. Dazu geh\u00f6ren das Leiterplattenmaterial, die Auswahl der Bauteile und deren Anordnung. Im Folgenden konzentriere ich mich auf die W\u00e4rmeableitung in der <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-design\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3488\">PCB-Layout<\/a> B\u00fchne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"699\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Various-PCB-Heatsinks.webp\" alt=\"Various PCB Heatsinks\" class=\"wp-image-4639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Various-PCB-Heatsinks.webp 699w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Various-PCB-Heatsinks-300x258.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Various-PCB-Heatsinks-14x12.webp 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Warum die K\u00fchlung von Leiterplatten wichtig ist<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die Optimierung der K\u00fchlung beim Leiterplatten-Design ist entscheidend, um die Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit der Bauteile zu gew\u00e4hrleisten und ihre Lebensdauer zu verl\u00e4ngern. Dabei m\u00fcssen Sie gleichzeitig Aspekte wie Layout, Verlegung, Material und Struktur ber\u00fccksichtigen. Im Folgenden werden systematische K\u00fchlstrategien vorgestellt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Material- und Schichtaufbauoptimierung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grundmaterialien mit hoher W\u00e4rmeleitf\u00e4higkeit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verwenden Sie FR-4-Material mit hoher W\u00e4rmeleitf\u00e4higkeit (z. B. \u2265 1,0 W\/m\u00b7K) oder Metallkernplatten.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aluminium-Sockelleisten weisen eine W\u00e4rmeleitf\u00e4higkeit von etwa 5 bis 10 W\/m\u00b7K auf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>F\u00fcr Hochfrequenzanwendungen sollten Sie Keramikplatten in Betracht ziehen. Al\u2082O\u2083 hat einen W\u00e4rmeleitkoeffizienten von etwa 24 W\/m\u00b7K. AlN hat einen W\u00e4rmeleitkoeffizienten von etwa 180 W\/m\u00b7K.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategie zur Kupferst\u00e4rke<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verwenden Sie f\u00fcr Strom- und Massefl\u00e4chen dickeres Kupfer. Verwenden Sie beispielsweise 2 oz (ca. 70 \u03bcm) oder dickeres.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bei Hochstrompfaden ist eine lokale Kupferdicke von 3 bis 6 oz vorzusehen. Verwenden Sie eine abgestufte Kupferauslegung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Tipps zur K\u00fchlung des Layouts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regeln f\u00fcr die Anordnung von Bauteilen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ordnen Sie hei\u00dfe Bauteile (Leistungs-MOSFETs, Spannungsregler, Treiber-ICs) verteilt an. Vermeiden Sie, dass sich W\u00e4rme an einer Stelle staut.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Halten Sie empfindliche Bauteile (Quarze, ADCs) mindestens 5 mm von W\u00e4rmequellen entfernt. Bringen Sie bei Bedarf W\u00e4rmeisolierungsschlitze an.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Platzieren Sie Bauteile mit hoher Leistungsaufnahme nahe den Kanten der Leiterplatte oder an Stellen, an denen ein K\u00fchlk\u00f6rper angebracht werden kann.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Auslegung des W\u00e4rmekanals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ein gutes Beispiel f\u00fcr einen W\u00e4rmepfad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>[Leistungs-IC] \u2192 [Anordnung von W\u00e4rmeleit-Vias] \u2192 [Innere Kupferebene] \u2192 [W\u00e4rmeleitpad am Leiterplattenrand]\n \u2198 [Externer K\u00fchlk\u00f6rper]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Der Pfad f\u00fchrt die W\u00e4rme vom IC zu den Durchkontaktierungen, dann zum internen Kupfer und schlie\u00dflich zum Rand der Leiterplatte oder zu einem externen K\u00fchlk\u00f6rper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Verbesserungen beim Kupfergie\u00dfen und bei der Kupfererw\u00e4rmung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optimierung des Kupfergusses<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Erstellen Sie massive Kupferfl\u00e4chen unter den stromf\u00fchrenden Bauteilen. Die Kupferfl\u00e4che sollte mindestens dreimal so gro\u00df sein wie die Fl\u00e4che des Bauteils.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verwenden Sie nach M\u00f6glichkeit Kupferformen aus Netzstruktur. Die Netzstruktur verringert die thermische Belastung. Verbinden Sie das Netz mit zahlreichen Durchkontaktierungen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spezielle Kupferstrukturen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verwenden Sie W\u00e4rmeableitpads in Durchsteck- oder Rastkontakten, um kalte L\u00f6tstellen zu vermeiden.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verwenden Sie f\u00fcr Bereiche mit sehr hoher Leistung die Kupfer-Inlay-Technologie. Dabei wird ein massiver Kupferblock in die Leiterplatte eingebettet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Metal-Core-PCB-MCPCB-Cooling.webp\" alt=\"Metal Core PCB (MCPCB) Cooling\" class=\"wp-image-4637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Metal-Core-PCB-MCPCB-Cooling.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Metal-Core-PCB-MCPCB-Cooling-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Metal-Core-PCB-MCPCB-Cooling-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Via-Matrix f\u00fcr die W\u00e4rme\u00fcbertragung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dcber Array-Design<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verwendung von Durchkontaktierungen unter W\u00e4rmequellen. Typische Durchkontaktierungsgr\u00f6\u00dfe: 0,3 \u00b1 0,05 mm. Diese Gr\u00f6\u00dfe sorgt f\u00fcr ein ausgewogenes Verh\u00e4ltnis zwischen W\u00e4rme\u00fcbertragung und Herstellbarkeit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Abstand zwischen den Durchkontaktierungen: das 1,5- bis 2-fache des Durchkontaktierungsdurchmessers. Die Anordnungen sollten mindestens eine Gr\u00f6\u00dfe von 5 \u00d7 5 aufweisen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bef\u00fcllschema:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kostenvorausblick: Verwendung von mit Harz gef\u00fcllten Durchkontaktierungen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>F\u00fcr eine optimale W\u00e4rme\u00fcbertragung: Verwenden Sie galvanisch gef\u00fcllte Durchkontaktierungen. Dadurch l\u00e4sst sich die W\u00e4rme\u00fcbertragung um \u00fcber 40% steigern.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dcber die Verbindungsstrategie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bei mehrschichtigen Leiterplatten sollten die Durchkontaktierungen alle Stromversorgungs- und Masseebenen durchqueren.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bei einseitigen Leiterplatten sollten Sie auf der R\u00fcckseite Kupferinseln und Durchkontaktierungsgruppen anbringen, um die W\u00e4rmeableitung zu unterst\u00fctzen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Externe K\u00fchlung und Integration auf Leiterplattenebene<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Integration der K\u00fchlung auf Platinenebene<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lassen Sie L\u00f6cher f\u00fcr die Befestigung des K\u00fchlk\u00f6rpers frei. Verwenden Sie M3-Schrauben mit 1 mm Spielraum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>F\u00fcgen Sie in der L\u00f6tmaske Aussparungen unter den elektrischen Bauteilen ein (<a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcba-manual-soldering-best-practices\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4614\">L\u00f6tmaske<\/a> (definiertes Fenster), um die W\u00e4rme\u00fcbertragung zu verbessern.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Auswahl des Grenzfl\u00e4chenmaterials<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Materialart<\/th><th>W\u00e4rmeleitf\u00e4higkeit (W\/m-K)<\/th><th>Anwendungsfall<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>W\u00e4rmeleitpaste<\/td><td>1 \u2013 5<\/td><td>Kleine Spalten (&lt; 0,1 mm) ausf\u00fcllen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W\u00e4rmeleitpads<\/td><td>3 \u2013 12<\/td><td>Mittlere Spalten (0,2 \u2013 1 mm)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Phasenwechselmaterial<\/td><td>5 \u2013 8<\/td><td>Unebene Oberfl\u00e4chen automatisch ausf\u00fcllen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fl\u00fcssiges Metall<\/td><td>15 \u2013 80<\/td><td>F\u00e4lle mit sehr hoher Leistungsdichte<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W\u00e4hlen Sie das Material der Schnittstelle entsprechend der Spaltgr\u00f6\u00dfe und der Leistungsdichte aus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Konstruktion mit Zwangsluftk\u00fchlung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anordnung entsprechend der Luftstr\u00f6mung<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Richten Sie die Heizelemente in Str\u00f6mungsrichtung aus. Dadurch wird eine \u00dcberhitzung der nachgeschalteten Teile verhindert.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Halten Sie um hohe Teile herum einen Freiraum von mindestens 3 mm ein.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>F\u00fcgen Sie Kan\u00e4le auf Leiterplattenebene hinzu, um den Luftstrom zu lenken und die K\u00fchlwege zu optimieren.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Thermische Simulation und Verifizierung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simulationsablauf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gehen Sie wie folgt vor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Erstellen Sie ein 3D-Modell.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thermische Randbedingungen festlegen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>F\u00fchren Sie eine station\u00e4re oder transiente Analyse durch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stellen Sie das Temperaturfeld dar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u00fcfen Sie, ob eine Stelle eine Temperatur von \u00fcber 85 \u00b0C aufweist.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Falls ja, optimieren Sie den Aufbau und die K\u00fchlung.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Falls nein, geben Sie den Bericht zum thermischen Risiko aus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00e4ngige Tools: ANSYS Icepak, FloTHERM XT, Simcenter FLOEFD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Prozesshinweise und Sorgfalt bei der Herstellung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00f6tzuverl\u00e4ssigkeit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vermeiden Sie es, thermische Durchkontaktierungen direkt in der Mitte der Pads anzubringen. Verwenden Sie stattdessen gekreuzte thermische Entlastungsmuster.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Beim Wellenl\u00f6ten sollten thermische Durchkontaktierungen auf der Bauteilseite verf\u00fcllt oder abgedeckt werden, um ein Durchflie\u00dfen des L\u00f6tzinns zu verhindern.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regelung der thermischen Belastung<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verwenden Sie Materialien mit hoher Glas\u00fcbergangstemperatur (Tg \u2265 170 \u00b0C), um die Temperaturen beim Reflow-L\u00f6ten zu bew\u00e4ltigen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gro\u00dfe Kupferfl\u00e4chen m\u00fcssen auf beiden Seiten ausgeglichen sein, um ein Verziehen der Leiterplatte zu vermeiden.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Wichtige Gestaltungsregeln<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wenn die Leistungsdichte &gt; 0,05 W\/cm\u00b2 betr\u00e4gt, m\u00fcssen Sie eine spezielle thermische Auslegung vornehmen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Halten Sie die Sperrschichttemperatur (T_j) des Bauteils unter 80% des im Datenblatt angegebenen Grenzwerts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verwenden Sie f\u00fcr komplexe Chips wie CPUs und FPGAs ein Matrixmodell f\u00fcr den W\u00e4rmewiderstand:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>T_j = T_a + \u03a3(P_i \u00d7 \u03b8_ji)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dabei ist T_j die Sperrschichttemperatur, T_a die Umgebungstemperatur, P_i die Leistung von Quelle i und \u03b8_ji der thermische Widerstand von Quelle i zur Sperrschicht j. Den Wert f\u00fcr \u03b8_ji entnehmen Sie bitte dem Datenblatt des Chips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. K\u00fchlung \u00fcber die Leiterplatte selbst<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00e4ngige Tr\u00e4germaterialien f\u00fcr Leiterplatten sind kupferkaschiertes Epoxidglasgewebe oder Phenolglasgewebe. Es gibt einige wenige Leiterplatten, bei denen kupferkaschierte Papiertr\u00e4ger zum Einsatz kommen. Diese Materialien weisen gute elektrische und verarbeitungstechnische Eigenschaften auf, leiten W\u00e4rme jedoch nicht gut ab. Bei hei\u00dfen Bauteilen kann man sich nicht darauf verlassen, dass das Leiterplattenharz die W\u00e4rme abf\u00fchrt. Die W\u00e4rme muss von der Bauteiloberfl\u00e4che an die Luft abgegeben werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Heutzutage ist Elektronik kompakter. Die Bauteile liegen eng beieinander und erzeugen mehr W\u00e4rme. Die geringe Oberfl\u00e4che der Bauteile reicht nicht aus, um sie zu k\u00fchlen. Zudem sind viele oberfl\u00e4chenmontierte Bauteile wie QFP und <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/de_at\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1921\">BGA<\/a> W\u00e4rme an die Leiterplatte weiterleiten. Die beste L\u00f6sung besteht daher darin, die F\u00e4higkeit der Leiterplatte zur W\u00e4rmeableitung zu verbessern. Die Leiterplatte soll die W\u00e4rme leiten oder abgeben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Auswahl der Teilpakete<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wenn Sie die thermische Auslegung planen, lesen Sie die Geh\u00e4usedaten und die Angaben zur W\u00e4rmeleitf\u00e4higkeit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sorgen Sie f\u00fcr einen guten W\u00e4rmepfad zwischen dem Geh\u00e4use und der Leiterplatte.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vermeiden Sie Luftspalten im W\u00e4rmepfad. Falls Spalten vorhanden sind, f\u00fcllen Sie diese mit w\u00e4rmeleitenden Materialien auf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Der Kerngedanke: Den W\u00e4rmewiderstand minimieren<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beim thermischen Design geht es darum, den W\u00e4rmewiderstand so gering wie m\u00f6glich zu halten. Wenden Sie folgende Strategien an:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Geringerer Leitungswiderstand: dickeres Kupfer, Grundmaterialien mit hoher W\u00e4rmeleitf\u00e4higkeit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>W\u00e4rmewege verk\u00fcrzen: Verwenden Sie Durchkontaktierungen, die direkt zu K\u00fchlk\u00f6rpern oder internen Kupferfl\u00e4chen f\u00fchren.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Erh\u00f6hung der Oberfl\u00e4che: Vergr\u00f6\u00dferung der Kupfergussbereiche und Anbringen von K\u00fchlrippen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verbessern Sie den W\u00e4rmeaustausch: Verwenden Sie eine Zwangsbel\u00fcftung oder eine Fl\u00fcssigkeitsk\u00fchlung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"459\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCB-Thermal-Simulation.webp\" alt=\"PCB Thermal Simulation\" class=\"wp-image-4638\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCB-Thermal-Simulation.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCB-Thermal-Simulation-300x172.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCB-Thermal-Simulation-768x441.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCB-Thermal-Simulation-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bei realen Konstruktionen m\u00fcssen Sie Kosten, Platzbedarf und Herstellbarkeit gegeneinander abw\u00e4gen. Probieren Sie viele Optionen aus und f\u00fchren Sie f\u00fcr jede davon eine Simulation durch. Lassen Sie bei Prototypen mehrere K\u00fchlungsoptionen auf der Platine offen. Beispiele: Bohrungen f\u00fcr die Montage von K\u00fchlk\u00f6rpern, Messstellen f\u00fcr Thermoelemente und einen L\u00fcfteranschluss. Dies erleichtert die Feinabstimmung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Schlussbemerkungen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ein gutes thermisches Design ber\u00fccksichtigt sowohl Layout-Regeln als auch die Wahl der Leiterplatten. Achten Sie auf eine sorgf\u00e4ltige Bauteilplatzierung, breite Kupferbahnen, Via-Arrays und geeignete Schnittstellenmaterialien. F\u00fchren Sie Tests mit thermischen Simulationen und anhand realer Prototypen durch. Halten Sie die Sperrschichttemperaturen der Bauteile deutlich unter den in den Datenbl\u00e4ttern angegebenen Grenzwerten. Planen Sie Wartungs- und Testpunkte ein. Dies senkt das Risiko und gew\u00e4hrleistet die Sicherheit und Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit des Produkts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For people, a body that is too hot makes them sick. For electronics, parts fail when they get too hot. 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