\u03a4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf FR4 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac Rogers \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 PCB \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf HASL \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf ENIG \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (LPI)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u03a4\u03bf LPI \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0386\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (DLP)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u03a4\u03bf DLP \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 inkjet, \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 PCB. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b6\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd LPI, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7<\/em> \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u201c \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u201d\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u201c \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u201d\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc demo\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0398\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2;<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\/\u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u201cR\u201d \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u201cP\u201d \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u038a\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1. \u0391\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb, \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u201c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf 1,0 mm\u201d. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 PCB, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u201c\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u201c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u201d (\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2):<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u201c\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u201cO\u201d \u03ae \u201cP\u201d. \u0391\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae, \u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u039a\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 pin 1, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0391\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ae \u03be\u03b5\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u0391\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc. \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Also, avoid placing silkscreen across solder mask dams between pads. Even if it prints, it can look smeared and messy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If vias are tented (covered by solder mask)<\/a>, silkscreen can run over them more safely. If vias are open, ink can spread into holes or break around the opening. In dense designs, tenting vias under silkscreen often improves print quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Standard silkscreen colors: white, black, yellow<\/strong>. The best choice depends on solder mask color and the viewing environment<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Common pairings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n One thing people forget. Surface finish changes reflectivity. ENIG<\/a> is shiny, HASL <\/a>can be uneven and reflective in spots. Under bright light, some legends become harder to read even if the contrast is \u201ctheoretically\u201d fine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If readability matters, don\u2019t pick low contrast for aesthetics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A few habits that improve assembly speed and reduce mistakes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sounds obvious. It\u2019s not always done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For diodes, LEDs, electrolytics. Use both:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Because if one gets clipped, the other often survives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If the board will be probed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n And keep test point labels out of areas that will be covered by shields, heatsinks, or tall connectors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Silkscreen printing can fail in a few predictable ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Causes include registration errors<\/a>, board warping, and process tolerances. In manual screen printing, alignment is more operator dependent. Automated printers can hit micrometer level alignment, but nothing is perfect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Design around it by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Often from excessive ink, wrong viscosity, contamination, or improper curing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n You can\u2019t control the factory\u2019s ink viscosity<\/a> from CAD, but you can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Worn screens, poor adhesion, environmental exposure, bad cure cycles. Again, manufacturing side issues, but your design helps by staying within comfortable feature sizes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n And storage matters. Humidity and temperature swings can affect quality. If boards are going into harsh environments, talk to the fab about ink type and durability expectations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n You\u2019ll see references to standards like IPC-7351 for land patterns and placement guidance. There are also standards around marking conventions, inspection, durability, and general fabrication acceptability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In practice, for silkscreen design, the \u201cIPC mindset\u201d is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n If you\u2019re doing medical, automotive, aerospace, then yes, you should align with the exact standard requirements for marking and traceability. For most commercial boards, you still benefit from following the same discipline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Flex boards bend. Ink needs to flex too, and adhesion can be harder. Printing pressure and screen tension become more sensitive, so very fine legends are riskier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If your flex design is dense, consider:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sometimes there\u2019s just no room.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What works better than shrinking everything:<\/p>\n\n\n\n If you want a starting point you can apply to most boards:<\/p>\n\n\n\n It\u2019s not glamorous. But it prints well and reads well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Many PCB manufacturers include silkscreen as a standard option, including services like PCBGOGO, and plenty of others. Whether your board is produced with LPI or DLP, the design fundamentals above still apply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If you are doing manual printing in house, expect more variability and more alignment challenges. Automated silkscreen printers<\/a> are faster and more consistent for volume work, but your design still needs to be manufacturable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n And yeah, if you\u2019ve ever seen a board where the legends are slightly shifted and half the \u201cR\u201d designators are missing, that\u2019s usually not because the designer \u201cforgot\u201d. It\u2019s because the design was sitting right on the edge of what the process could hold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Looking for a trusted PCB partner for silk screen printing and full board production? Philifast<\/strong> <\/a>is here to support your project from design to delivery. Contact us now and get a fast, professional quote.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Silkscreen on a PCB is the non-conductive ink layer printed on the board to identify components, pin 1, polarity, connectors, jumpers, test points, warnings, logos, and revision codes. It provides all the human-facing information that helps assembly technicians place parts correctly, assists test engineers in locating points quickly, and aids future reference for maintenance or troubleshooting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n PCB silkscreen typically uses non-conductive epoxy-based or UV-curable inks. Common colors include white, black, and yellow. Epoxy inks have strong adhesion and withstand soldering heat well, while UV-curable inks dry quickly and are suited for high-volume production runs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The two main printing methods are Liquid Photo Imaging (LPI) and Direct Legend Printing (DLP). LPI uses photosensitive ink with an exposure process common in volume manufacturing and tends to be durable. DLP involves direct inkjet-style printing onto the PCB, allowing faster processing and finer detail but can be slightly less durable depending on the ink system used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Simple, standard sans serif fonts such as single stroke\/vector fonts or those similar to Arial, Helvetica, or DIN style are recommended. Avoid fonts with serifs, thin strokes, decorative elements, italics at small sizes, or all caps in tiny text. Consistency in font style across the board improves readability during assembly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For reference designators and labels intended for human reading without magnification: character height should be between 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm (minimum 0.8 mm if necessary), and stroke width should be between 0.15 mm to 0.20 mm (minimum 0.12 mm if needed). Adequate spacing between strokes is also crucial to maintain clarity despite ink spread or registration shifts during manufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n No, silkscreen is not a solder mask substitute. Solder mask prevents solder bridges and protects copper traces; silkscreen serves purely as a marking layer for communication purposes such as labeling components and test points. Using silkscreen to fix soldering risks can lead to issues like burning or smearing of the ink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In simple terms, silkscreen is the non conductive legend printed on the board to identify components, pin 1, polarity, connectors, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[27,37,341,61,339,53,340,342,344,343],"class_list":["post-4890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pcb-design","tag-pcb-assembly","tag-pcb-design","tag-pcb-font-size","tag-pcb-layout","tag-pcb-legend","tag-pcb-manufacturing","tag-pcb-silkscreen","tag-pcb-text-guidelines","tag-silkscreen-printing","tag-smt-pcb"],"spectra_custom_meta":{"_edit_lock":["1778146567:1"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_primary_category":["36"],"rank_math_seo_score":["82"],"rank_math_title":["%title%"],"rank_math_focus_keyword":["Silk Screen"],"rank_math_description":["Stop unreadable legends. 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simple terms, silkscreen is the non conductive legend printed on the board to identify components, pin 1, polarity, connectors, […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4890"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4890\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4894,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4890\/revisions\/4894"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
![\"Best](\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Best-font-style-for-PCB-silkscreen.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 PCB (\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0393\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 vs \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u0394\u0395\u039d \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
Masked vs unmasked vias<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Color selection: what\u2019s actually readable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
Placement tips that save you later<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Put reference designators where they can be seen after assembly<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Orientation and polarity marks should be redundant<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Mark test points like you mean it<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
How fabrication realities mess with silkscreen (and how you design around it)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Misalignment and registration shift<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Smudging and ink spread<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
![\"PCB](\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/PCB-silkscreen-offset.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nMissing or faded prints<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
IPC and symbol conventions (the sensible approach)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
Special cases: flexible PCBs and high density boards<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0395\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 PCBs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
High density boards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Quick checklist: my \u201csafe default\u201d silkscreen rules<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
A note on silkscreen services and production<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Get Your PCB Quote Today<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
FAQs (\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
What is silkscreen on a PCB and why is it important?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
What materials and colors are commonly used for PCB silkscreen?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
What are the main printing methods for PCB silkscreen and how do they differ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
What font styles are recommended for PCB silkscreen to ensure legibility?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
What are the best text size guidelines for PCB silkscreen to ensure readability after manufacturing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Can silkscreen be used as a substitute for solder mask on PCBs?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n