{"id":2428,"date":"2025-09-08T03:12:45","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T03:12:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=2428"},"modified":"2025-09-26T02:56:54","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T02:56:54","slug":"impedance-control-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/pcb-manufacturer\/impedance-control-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"Placas de circuito impreso con impedancia: optimice la integridad de la se\u00f1al"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el control de la impedancia de las placas de circuito impreso?<\/h2>

Controlar la impedancia de las placas de circuito impreso significa controlar la impedancia de las trazas. Esta impedancia tambi\u00e9n se denomina impedancia controlada. La impedancia controlada es la impedancia caracter\u00edstica de una l\u00ednea de transmisi\u00f3n formada por trazas de PCB y sus planos de referencia. Cuando las se\u00f1ales de alta frecuencia viajan por l\u00edneas de transmisi\u00f3n de PCB, esto es importante. La impedancia controlada es importante para resolver los problemas de integridad de la se\u00f1al. Integridad de la se\u00f1al significa que la se\u00f1al viaja sin distorsi\u00f3n.<\/p>

La impedancia del circuito viene determinada por el tama\u00f1o f\u00edsico de la placa de circuito impreso y el material diel\u00e9ctrico. Se mide en ohmios (\u03a9). Los tipos de l\u00edneas de transmisi\u00f3n de PCB que necesitan control de impedancia incluyen microstrip de un solo extremo, stripline de un solo extremo, par microstrip diferencial, par stripline diferencial, microstrip embebido y coplanar (un solo extremo y diferencial).<\/p>

M\u00e9todos habituales para controlar la impedancia<\/h2>

1. Utilizar la estructura de capas de PCB<\/h3>

Los dise\u00f1adores de PCB pueden utilizar la pila de capas de la placa para controlar la impedancia. Coloque diferentes capas de se\u00f1al en diferentes posiciones para controlar la capacitancia y la inductancia entre capas. Por lo general, las capas interiores utilizan opciones de impedancia m\u00e1s alta y las capas exteriores utilizan opciones de impedancia m\u00e1s baja para reducir la reflexi\u00f3n y la diafon\u00eda.<\/p>

2. Utilizar l\u00edneas de se\u00f1al diferencial<\/h3>

Los pares diferenciales ofrecen un mejor rechazo del ruido y un menor riesgo de diafon\u00eda. Un par diferencial son dos conductores paralelos. Sus tensiones son iguales y de polaridad opuesta. Los pares diferenciales mejoran la integridad de la se\u00f1al y la resistencia al ruido. La impedancia de un par diferencial se controla mediante el espaciado, la anchura de la traza y la disposici\u00f3n del plano de tierra.<\/p>

3. Geometr\u00eda del trazado de control<\/h3>

La anchura de la traza, el espaciado y la geometr\u00eda del dise\u00f1o tambi\u00e9n pueden controlar la impedancia. En el caso de la microstrip com\u00fan, las trazas m\u00e1s anchas y el mayor espaciado reducen la impedancia. En las estructuras de tipo coaxial, un conductor interior m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o y un radio de conductor exterior m\u00e1s grande aumentan la impedancia. Elija la geometr\u00eda de la traza en funci\u00f3n de la impedancia objetivo y la frecuencia de la se\u00f1al.<\/p>

4. Elegir materiales para PCB<\/h3>

La constante diel\u00e9ctrica del material de la placa de circuito impreso afecta a la impedancia. Elegir materiales con propiedades diel\u00e9ctricas estables forma parte del control de la impedancia. Para alta frecuencia y alta velocidad, los materiales m\u00e1s comunes son fr4 (vidrio-epoxi), PTFE (tefl\u00f3n) y laminados RF.<\/p>

5. Utilizar herramientas de simulaci\u00f3n y dise\u00f1o<\/h3>

Antes del dise\u00f1o final de la placa de circuito impreso, utilice herramientas de simulaci\u00f3n y dise\u00f1o para comprobar y optimizar la impedancia. Estas herramientas simulan el comportamiento del circuito, la p\u00e9rdida de se\u00f1al y las interacciones electromagn\u00e9ticas. Ayudan a encontrar los mejores par\u00e1metros para la placa. Entre las herramientas m\u00e1s comunes se encuentran CST Studio Suite, HyperLynx y ADS.<\/p>

Efectos de la fabricaci\u00f3n de placas de circuito impreso en la impedancia<\/h2>

Ancho de traza<\/h3>

La anchura de la traza afecta directamente a la impedancia y la p\u00e9rdida de la l\u00ednea de transmisi\u00f3n. La mayor\u00eda de los buenos ingenieros dan al fabricante de PCB una tolerancia de ancho de traza con los archivos Gerber. Por ejemplo, si un ancho de traza se dise\u00f1a como 6,2 mil y su impedancia es de 50 ohm, la inestabilidad de la fabricaci\u00f3n que cambie el ancho de traza cambiar\u00e1 la impedancia. Por experiencia con muchas f\u00e1bricas, el ancho de traza puede variar alrededor de 10%. Podemos modelar el cambio de ancho de traza como una distribuci\u00f3n gaussiana con una desviaci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar de 10%.<\/p>

Espesor de la l\u00e1mina de cobre \/ cobre chapado<\/h3>

En los productos de PCB, el grosor del cobre tiene dos partes: el grosor del cobre base y el grosor del cobre chapado. El cobre base es relativamente uniforme, pero la uniformidad del cobre chapado depende del proceso de fabricaci\u00f3n. El cobre chapado puede variar mucho de una f\u00e1brica a otra. Diferentes espesores de cobre cambiar\u00e1n la impedancia y la p\u00e9rdida de la traza. La impedancia puede variar en un rango peque\u00f1o, por ejemplo entre 49,5 y 51 ohmios. En comparaci\u00f3n con la anchura de la traza, el grosor del cobre tiene un efecto menor sobre la impedancia.<\/p>

Espesor diel\u00e9ctrico<\/h3>

En la fabricaci\u00f3n de placas de circuito impreso, los cambios de grosor diel\u00e9ctrico se deben a la variaci\u00f3n de la materia prima, la presi\u00f3n de laminaci\u00f3n y el relleno de cola. Si cambia el grosor del diel\u00e9ctrico, cambian la impedancia y las p\u00e9rdidas. En casos graves, las l\u00edneas de transmisi\u00f3n tendr\u00e1n grandes p\u00e9rdidas. La impedancia puede variar entre 44 y 54 ohmios. El rango puede ser tan amplio como 10 ohm.<\/p>

Factor de ataque<\/h3>

Los conductores tienen un grosor finito. Tras el grabado, las trazas no son rect\u00e1ngulos perfectos. Se parecen m\u00e1s a un trapecio. El \u00e1ngulo trapezoidal cambia con el grosor del cobre (incluido el chapado). Cuando el cobre es fino, el \u00e1ngulo lateral se aproxima a 90\u00b0. El tama\u00f1o del \u00e1ngulo afecta a la impedancia. Por ejemplo, cuando el \u00e1ngulo de la pared lateral es de 70\u00b0, la impedancia es de unos 50 ohmios. Cuando el \u00e1ngulo es de 90\u00b0, la impedancia es de unos 48,37 ohmios.<\/p>

Las pruebas anteriores cambian un factor cada vez. En la producci\u00f3n real, m\u00faltiples variables cambian a la vez. La impedancia puede variar de unos 40 ohm a 56 ohm. Esto supera con creces un requisito t\u00edpico como 50\u03a9 \u00b110%. Durante la producci\u00f3n, muchos par\u00e1metros causan el cambio de impedancia. Para los productos de alta velocidad o de gama alta, el dise\u00f1o de PCB y el proceso de fabricaci\u00f3n deben controlar estrictamente cada material y paso. De lo contrario, el producto puede mostrar problemas inesperados.<\/p>

Impedancia e impedancia caracter\u00edstica<\/h2>

1. Resistencia<\/h3>

Cuando una corriente alterna circula por un conductor, la oposici\u00f3n que encuentra se llama impedancia (Impedancia). El s\u00edmbolo es Z. La unidad sigue siendo el ohmio (\u03a9). Esta oposici\u00f3n difiere de la resistencia en corriente continua. En corriente alterna, adem\u00e1s de la resistencia (R), existen la reactancia inductiva (XL) y la reactancia capacitiva (XC).<\/p>

Para distinguirla de la resistencia de CC, se denomina impedancia de oposici\u00f3n de CA (Z).<\/p>

La f\u00f3rmula:<\/p>

\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Z<\/span> = \u221a(R\u00b2 + (XL - XC)\u00b2)
\n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

2. Impedancia (Z)<\/h3>

Con una mayor integraci\u00f3n de los circuitos integrados y una mayor frecuencia y velocidad de la se\u00f1al, las se\u00f1ales en las trazas de las placas de circuito impreso pueden verse afectadas por la propia traza de la placa. Cuando la frecuencia de la se\u00f1al alcanza un l\u00edmite, la traza provoca graves distorsiones o p\u00e9rdidas de se\u00f1al. Esto demuestra que las trazas de PCB no s\u00f3lo transportan corriente, sino tambi\u00e9n energ\u00eda en forma de impulsos o se\u00f1ales de onda cuadrada.<\/p>

3. Control de la impedancia caracter\u00edstica (Z0)<\/h3>

La oposici\u00f3n que ve una se\u00f1al cuando viaja se llama impedancia caracter\u00edstica. Su s\u00edmbolo es Z0.<\/p>

Por tanto, arreglar s\u00f3lo \u201cabierto\u201d, \u201ccorto\u201d y conectividad no es suficiente. Para las l\u00edneas de transmisi\u00f3n de alta velocidad y alta frecuencia, la calidad debe ser m\u00e1s estricta. No basta con pasar una prueba de abierto\/corto o tener peque\u00f1os defectos. Hay que medir Z0 y mantenerlo dentro de la tolerancia. Si no es as\u00ed, la placa debe desecharse. No hay que retocarla.<\/p>

Propagaci\u00f3n de se\u00f1ales y l\u00edneas de transmisi\u00f3n<\/h2>

1. Definici\u00f3n de una l\u00ednea de transmisi\u00f3n de se\u00f1ales<\/h3>

  1. Seg\u00fan la teor\u00eda electromagn\u00e9tica, a menor longitud de onda (\u03bb) mayor frecuencia (f). Su producto es igual a la velocidad de la luz. Es decir:<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

    \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    C<\/span> = \u03bb - f = 3<\/span> \u00d7 10<\/span>^10<\/span> cm\/s
    \n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

    1. Cualquier dispositivo puede tener una frecuencia de se\u00f1al alta. Despu\u00e9s de que la se\u00f1al viaja a trav\u00e9s de una traza de PCB, la se\u00f1al puede ralentizarse o retrasarse.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

      Por tanto, una longitud de traza m\u00e1s corta es mejor.<\/p>

      1. Aumentar la densidad del cableado o reducir el tama\u00f1o de los hilos ayuda. Pero cuando la frecuencia de los componentes aumenta o los periodos de impulso se acortan, la longitud de la traza puede aproximarse a una porci\u00f3n de la longitud de onda de la se\u00f1al. Entonces, la traza mostrar\u00e1 una distorsi\u00f3n evidente.<\/p><\/li>

      2. La cl\u00e1usula 3.4.4 de IPC-2141 dice: cuando la longitud de una traza se aproxima a 1\/7 de la longitud de onda de la se\u00f1al, la traza se trata como una l\u00ednea de transmisi\u00f3n de se\u00f1al.<\/p><\/li>

      3. Por ejemplo:<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

        Un dispositivo tiene una frecuencia de se\u00f1al f = 10 MHz. La longitud de la traza de la placa de circuito impreso es de 50 cm. \u00bfEs necesario controlar la impedancia caracter\u00edstica?<\/p>

        Computa:<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
        C = \u03bb - f = 3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s
        \n\u03bb = C \/ f = (3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s) \/ (1 \u00d7 10^7 \/s) = 3000 cm
        \nlongitud de traza \/ longitud de onda = 50 \/ 3000 = 1\/60
        \n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

        Como 1\/60 es mucho menor que 1\/7, esta traza es un cable normal y no necesita control de la impedancia caracter\u00edstica.<\/p>

        Las ecuaciones de Maxwell nos dicen: la velocidad de propagaci\u00f3n VS de una onda sinusoidal en un medio se relaciona con la velocidad de la luz C y la constante diel\u00e9ctrica \u03b5r como:<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
        VS<\/span> = C \/ \u221a\u03b5r
        \n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

        Cuando \u03b5r = 1, la velocidad de la se\u00f1al es igual a la velocidad de la luz = 3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s.<\/p>

        2. Velocidad de transmisi\u00f3n y constante diel\u00e9ctrica<\/h3>

        Velocidad de la se\u00f1al a 30 MHz para distintos materiales:<\/p>

        Material \/ Sustrato<\/th>Tg (\u00b0C)<\/th>Constante diel\u00e9ctrica \u03b5r<\/th>Velocidad de la se\u00f1al (m\/\u03bcs)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
        Vac\u00edo<\/td>\/<\/td>1.0<\/td>300.00<\/td><\/tr>
        PTFE (tefl\u00f3n)<\/td>\/<\/td>2.2<\/td>202.26<\/td><\/tr>
        \u00c9ter de polifenileno termoestable<\/td>210<\/td>2.5<\/td>189.74<\/td><\/tr>
        Ester de cianato<\/td>225<\/td>3.0<\/td>173.21<\/td><\/tr>
        PTFE + vidrio E<\/td>\/<\/td>2.6<\/td>186.25<\/td><\/tr>
        Ester de cianato + vidrio<\/td>225<\/td>3.7<\/td>155.96<\/td><\/tr>
        Poliamida + vidrio<\/td>230<\/td>4.5<\/td>141.42<\/td><\/tr>
        Cuarzo<\/td>\/<\/td>3.9<\/td>151.98<\/td><\/tr>
        Vidrio epoxi (fr4)<\/td>130\u00b15<\/td>4.7<\/td>138.38<\/td><\/tr>
        Aluminio<\/td>\/<\/td>9.0<\/td>100.00<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div>

        La tabla muestra: a medida que aumenta \u03b5r, disminuye la velocidad de la se\u00f1al en el material. Para obtener una mayor velocidad de se\u00f1al, elija una impedancia caracter\u00edstica m\u00e1s alta. Para obtener una Z0 m\u00e1s alta, elija un material de \u03b5r m\u00e1s bajo. El PTFE tiene el \u03b5r m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o, por lo que proporciona la velocidad m\u00e1s r\u00e1pida.<\/p>

        La placa fr4 utiliza resina epoxi m\u00e1s vidrio E. Su \u03b5r es de aproximadamente 4,7. La velocidad de la se\u00f1al es de 138 m\/\u03bcs. El cambio del sistema de resina puede modificar la \u03b5r.<\/p>

        Razones para controlar la impedancia caracter\u00edstica<\/h2>

        Motivo 1<\/h3>

        Cuando un equipo electr\u00f3nico (ordenador, comunicaciones) funciona, el excitador env\u00eda una se\u00f1al al receptor a trav\u00e9s de las trazas de la placa de circuito impreso. La impedancia caracter\u00edstica Z0 de la traza debe coincidir con la impedancia electr\u00f3nica del excitador y del receptor. Si coinciden, la energ\u00eda de la se\u00f1al se transmite completamente.<\/p>

        Motivo 2<\/h3>

        Si la calidad de la placa de circuito impreso es mala y Z0 est\u00e1 fuera de tolerancia, las se\u00f1ales se reflejar\u00e1n, disipar\u00e1n, atenuar\u00e1n o retrasar\u00e1n. En casos graves, las se\u00f1ales pueden ser err\u00f3neas y el dispositivo puede fallar.<\/p>

        Motivo 3<\/h3>

        Para que la Z0 de la placa multicapa cumpla las especificaciones del cliente, es necesario realizar una estricta selecci\u00f3n de materiales y controlar el proceso. Los componentes electr\u00f3nicos de mayor impedancia suelen necesitar una Z0 de placa de circuito impreso m\u00e1s alta. Una placa multicapa con una Z0 correcta es un producto cualificado de alta velocidad o alta frecuencia.<\/p>

        Relaci\u00f3n de Z0 con el material y el proceso<\/h2>

        La f\u00f3rmula de la impedancia caracter\u00edstica microstrip Z0:<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
        Z0<\/span> = 87<\/span> \/ \u221a\u03b5r + 1.41<\/span> - ln [ 5.98<\/span> H \/ (0.8<\/span> W + T) ]
        \n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

        D\u00f3nde:<\/p>

        • \u03b5r - constante diel\u00e9ctrica<\/p><\/li>

        • H - espesor diel\u00e9ctrico<\/p><\/li>

        • W - anchura de la traza<\/p><\/li>

        • T - espesor de la traza<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

          Un \u03b5r m\u00e1s bajo facilita el aumento de Z0 para igualar los componentes de alta velocidad.<\/p>

          1. Z0 y \u03b5r<\/h3>

          Z0 est\u00e1 inversamente relacionado con \u03b5r. Z0 aumenta a medida que aumenta H. Para l\u00edneas de alta frecuencia Z0 estrictas, la tolerancia del espesor diel\u00e9ctrico debe ser estricta. Por lo general, la variaci\u00f3n del espesor diel\u00e9ctrico no debe superar 10%.<\/p>

          2. Efecto del espesor diel\u00e9ctrico<\/h3>

          Con una mayor densidad de enrutamiento, un mayor H provoca m\u00e1s interferencias electromagn\u00e9ticas. Para l\u00edneas digitales de alta frecuencia y alta velocidad, a medida que aumenta la densidad de conductores, reduzca el grosor del diel\u00e9ctrico para disminuir la EMI y la diafon\u00eda, o utilice materiales con \u03b5r inferior.<\/p>

          Seg\u00fan la f\u00f3rmula, el espesor T del cobre es un factor importante. Un mayor T reduce Z0, pero el cambio es peque\u00f1o.<\/p>

          3. Efecto del espesor del cobre<\/h3>

          Un cobre m\u00e1s fino proporciona una Z0 m\u00e1s alta, pero su efecto sobre la Z0 es peque\u00f1o. Usar cobre fino ayuda a hacer trazas finas y esto ayuda a controlar Z0 m\u00e1s que el valor del grosor del cobre por s\u00ed solo.<\/p>

          De la f\u00f3rmula:<\/p>

          \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
          Z0<\/span> = 87<\/span> \/ \u221a\u03b5r + 1.41<\/span> - ln [ 5.98<\/span> H \/ (0.8<\/span> W + T) ]
          \n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

          A medida que W (anchura de la traza) disminuye, Z0 aumenta. Cambiar la anchura tiene un mayor impacto en Z0 que cambiar el grosor.<\/p>

          4. Efecto de la anchura de la traza<\/h3>

          Z0 aumenta bruscamente a medida que se reduce la anchura W. Para controlar Z0, hay que controlar mucho la anchura de la traza. Hoy en d\u00eda, la mayor\u00eda de las trazas digitales de alta frecuencia y alta velocidad tienen una anchura de 0,10 mm o 0,13 mm. Tradicionalmente, la tolerancia de anchura era de \u00b120%. Para trazas sin l\u00ednea de transmisi\u00f3n (longitud de traza << longitud de onda de la se\u00f1al \/ 7), \u00b120% puede estar bien. Pero para trazas controladas por Z0, el error de anchura \u00b120% no puede cumplir los requisitos. En ese punto, el error Z0 suele superar \u00b110%.<\/p>

          Por ejemplo:<\/p>

          Una PCB microstrip tiene una anchura de 100 \u03bcm, un espesor de 20 \u03bcm y un espesor diel\u00e9ctrico de 100 \u03bcm. Suponga que el espesor del cobre es uniforme. Si la anchura cambia \u00b120%, \u00bfpuede Z0 cumplir \u00b110%?<\/p>

          Por f\u00f3rmula:<\/p>

          Sea W0 = 100 \u03bcm, W1 = 80 \u03bcm, W2 = 120 \u03bcm, T = 20 \u03bcm, H = 100 \u03bcm. Entonces Z01 \/ Z02 = 1,20. As\u00ed que Z0 s\u00f3lo alcanza \u00b110%, no dentro de \u00b110%. Para obtener Z0 dentro de \u00b110%, la variaci\u00f3n de anchura debe ser mucho menor que \u00b120%. Para obtener Z0 \u2264 \u00b15%, la tolerancia de anchura debe ser \u2264 \u00b110%.<\/p>

          Esto explica por qu\u00e9 algunos PCB de PTFE y algunos PCB de fr4 requieren una tolerancia de anchura de \u00b10,02 mm. La raz\u00f3n es controlar Z0.<\/p>

          Controles de proceso para la impedancia caracter\u00edstica<\/h2>

          1. Control e inspecci\u00f3n de la fabricaci\u00f3n de pel\u00edculas<\/strong>
            Mantenga una temperatura y humedad constantes (21\u00b12\u00b0C, 55\u00b15%), mantenga una sala limpia y realice la compensaci\u00f3n del proceso de anchura.<\/p><\/li>

          2. Dise\u00f1o de paneles<\/strong>
            Los bordes de los paneles no deben ser demasiado estrechos. Hacer que el chapado sea uniforme. Utilice un pseudoc\u00e1todo en la galvanoplastia para distribuir la corriente. A\u00f1adir un cup\u00f3n en el borde del panel para comprobar Z0.<\/p><\/li>

          3. Grabado<\/strong>
            Controlar los par\u00e1metros del proceso para reducir el destalonado. Realizar una inspecci\u00f3n de primera pasada. Reducir el cobre residual, las rebabas de cobre y los restos de cobre. Comprobar la anchura de la traza y mantenerla dentro del rango requerido (\u00b110% o \u00b10,02 mm).<\/p><\/li>

          4. Inspecci\u00f3n AOI<\/strong>
            En las capas internas, localice los huecos y salientes de las trazas. Para se\u00f1ales de alta velocidad a 2 GHz, incluso un hueco de 0,05 mm puede provocar el desguace de la placa. Controlar la anchura de la capa interior y los defectos es clave.<\/p><\/li>

          5. Laminaci\u00f3n<\/strong>
            Use laminaci\u00f3n al vac\u00edo para bajar la presi\u00f3n y reducir el flujo de resina. Mantenga m\u00e1s resina porque la resina afecta al \u03b5r. M\u00e1s resina suele reducir \u03b5r. Controlar la tolerancia del espesor de laminaci\u00f3n. Si el grosor de la placa acabada es desigual, el grosor del diel\u00e9ctrico var\u00eda y afecta a Z0.<\/p><\/li>

          6. Seleccionar un buen material de base<\/strong>
            Siga estrictamente el modelo de material del cliente. Un modelo incorrecto significa un \u03b5r incorrecto y un espesor incorrecto. Un proceso completo realizado con un material incorrecto produce chatarra porque Z0 depende en gran medida de \u03b5r.<\/p><\/li>

          7. M\u00e1scara de soldadura (coverlay)<\/strong>
            La m\u00e1scara de soldadura en la superficie de la placa puede reducir Z0 en 1-3 \u03a9. En teor\u00eda, el grosor de la m\u00e1scara de soldadura no debe ser demasiado grueso. En la pr\u00e1ctica, el efecto no es enorme. Antes de la m\u00e1scara de soldadura, la superficie del conductor interact\u00faa con el aire (\u03b5r = 1), por lo que la Z0 medida es mayor. Despu\u00e9s de la m\u00e1scara de soldadura, Z0 cae 1-3 \u03a9 porque la \u03b5r de la m\u00e1scara de soldadura es de aproximadamente 4,0.<\/p><\/li>

          8. Absorci\u00f3n de humedad<\/strong>
            Evitar la absorci\u00f3n de humedad en los tableros multicapa acabados. El agua tiene \u03b5r \u2248 75. La humedad provoca una gran ca\u00edda de Z0 e inestabilidad.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

            Resumen<\/h2>

            Para las l\u00edneas de transmisi\u00f3n de placas multicapa, los rangos de control Z0 comunes son:<\/p>

            • 50 \u03a9 \u00b110%<\/p><\/li>

            • 75 \u03a9 \u00b110%<\/p><\/li>

            • 28 \u03a9 \u00b110%<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

              Para controlar la variaci\u00f3n, considere estos cuatro factores principales:<\/p>

              1. Ancho de traza W<\/p><\/li>

              2. Espesor de la traza T<\/p><\/li>

              3. Espesor diel\u00e9ctrico H<\/p><\/li>

              4. Constante diel\u00e9ctrica \u03b5r<\/p><\/li><\/ol>

                La mayor influencia es el grosor diel\u00e9ctrico H. La siguiente es la constante diel\u00e9ctrica \u03b5r. A continuaci\u00f3n, la anchura de la traza W. La menor es el grosor de la traza T. Despu\u00e9s de elegir el material base, el cambio de \u03b5r es peque\u00f1o. H puede controlarse, pero sigue variando. T es m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil de controlar. Es dif\u00edcil controlar la anchura de la traza W dentro de \u00b110%. Los problemas de las trazas, como agujeros de alfiler, huecos y abolladuras, tambi\u00e9n son importantes. En muchos sentidos, el m\u00e9todo m\u00e1s eficaz e importante para controlar Z0 es controlar y ajustar la anchura de la traza con precisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                What is PCB Impedance Control? PCB impedance control means controlling the impedance of traces. This impedance is also called controlled […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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                What is PCB Impedance Control?<\\\/h2>

                PCB impedance control means controlling the impedance of traces. This impedance is also called controlled impedance. Controlled impedance is the characteristic impedance of a transmission line formed by PCB traces and their reference planes. When high-frequency signals travel on PCB transmission lines, this matters. Controlled impedance is important to solve signal integrity problems. Signal integrity means the signal travels without distortion.<\\\/p>

                The circuit impedance is set by the PCB physical size and the dielectric material. It is measured in ohms (\\u03a9). Types of PCB transmission lines that need impedance control include single-ended microstrip, single-ended stripline, differential microstrip pair, differential stripline pair, embedded microstrip, and coplanar (single-ended and differential).<\\\/p>

                Common methods to achieve impedance control<\\\/h2>

                1. Use PCB layer structure<\\\/h3>

                PCB designers can use the board layer stack to control impedance. Put different signal layers at different positions to control capacitance and inductance between layers. Usually, inner layers use higher impedance choices and outer layers use lower impedance choices to reduce reflection and crosstalk.<\\\/p>

                2. Use differential signal lines<\\\/h3>

                Differential pairs give better noise rejection and lower crosstalk risk. A differential pair is two parallel conductors. Their voltages are equal in size and opposite in polarity. Differential pairs give better signal integrity and noise resistance. The impedance of a differential pair is controlled by the spacing, trace width, and the ground plane layout.<\\\/p>

                3. Control trace geometry<\\\/h3>

                Trace width, spacing, and layout geometry can also control impedance. For common microstrip, wider traces and larger spacing lower impedance. For coaxial type structures, a smaller inner conductor and a larger outer conductor radius raise impedance. Choose trace geometry based on target impedance and signal frequency.<\\\/p>

                4. Choose PCB materials<\\\/h3>

                The dielectric constant of the PCB material affects impedance. Picking materials with stable dielectric properties is part of impedance control. For high frequency and high speed use, common materials are fr4 (glass-epoxy), PTFE (Teflon), and RF laminates.<\\\/p>

                5. Use simulation and design tools<\\\/h3>

                Before final PCB layout, use simulation and design tools to check and optimize impedance. These tools simulate circuit behavior, signal loss, and electromagnetic interactions. They help find the best board parameters. Common tools include CST Studio Suite, HyperLynx, and ADS.<\\\/p>

                Effects of PCB manufacturing on impedance<\\\/h2>

                Trace width<\\\/h3>

                Trace width directly affects transmission line impedance and loss. Most good engineers give the PCB maker a trace width tolerance with Gerber files. For example, if a trace width is designed as 6.2 mil and its impedance is 50 ohm, manufacturing instability that changes the trace width will change impedance. From experience with many factories, trace width may vary about 10%. We can model trace width change as a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 10%.<\\\/p>

                Copper foil \\\/ plated copper thickness<\\\/h3>

                In PCB products, copper thickness has two parts: base copper thickness and plated copper thickness. Base copper is relatively uniform, but plated copper uniformity depends on factory process. Plated copper may vary a lot between factories. Different plated copper thickness will change trace impedance and loss. Impedance may vary in a small range, for example between 49.5 and 51 ohm. Compared with trace width, copper thickness has a smaller effect on impedance.<\\\/p>

                Dielectric thickness<\\\/h3>

                In PCB manufacture, dielectric thickness changes come from raw material variation, lamination pressure, and glue filling. If dielectric thickness changes, impedance and loss will change. In severe cases, transmission lines will have large loss. Impedance may vary from about 44 ohm to 54 ohm. The range can be as wide as 10 ohm.<\\\/p>

                Etch factor<\\\/h3>

                Conductors have finite thickness. After etch, traces are not perfect rectangles. They look closer to a trapezoid. The trapezoid angle changes with copper thickness (including plating). When copper is thin, the sidewall angle approaches 90\\u00b0. The angle size affects impedance. For example, when the sidewall angle is 70\\u00b0, impedance is about 50 ohm. When the angle is 90\\u00b0, impedance is about 48.37 ohm.<\\\/p>

                The above tests change one factor at a time. In real production, multiple variables change at once. Impedance can vary from about 40 ohm to 56 ohm. This far exceeds a typical requirement such as 50\\u03a9 \\u00b110%. During production, many parameters cause impedance change. For high-speed or high-end products, the PCB design and manufacturing process must strictly control every material and step. Otherwise, the product can show unexpected problems.<\\\/p>

                Impedance and characteristic impedance<\\\/h2>

                1. Resistance<\\\/h3>

                When an alternating current flows in a conductor, the opposition it meets is called impedance (Impedance). Symbol is Z. Unit is still ohm (\\u03a9). This opposition differs from DC resistance. In AC, besides resistance (R), there are inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive reactance (XC).<\\\/p>

                To distinguish from DC resistance, call the AC opposition impedance (Z).<\\\/p>

                The formula:<\\\/p>

                \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                Z<\\\/span> = \\u221a(R\\u00b2 + (XL \\u2212 XC)\\u00b2)
                \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                2. Impedance (Z)<\\\/h3>

                With higher IC integration and higher signal frequency and speed, signals on PCB traces can be affected by the PCB trace itself. When signal frequency reaches a limit, the trace causes serious signal distortion or loss. This shows PCB traces carry not just current but energy in the form of pulses or square wave signals.<\\\/p>

                3. Characteristic impedance control (Z0)<\\\/h3>

                The opposition a signal sees when it travels is called characteristic impedance. Symbol is Z0.<\\\/p>

                So, fixing only \\\"open\\\", \\\"short\\\", and connectivity is not enough. For high speed and high frequency transmission lines, quality must be stricter. Passing an open\\\/short test or having small defects is not enough. You must measure Z0 and keep it within tolerance. If not, the board must be scrapped. Do not rework.<\\\/p>

                Signal propagation and transmission lines<\\\/h2>

                1. Definition of a signal transmission line<\\\/h3>

                1. From electromagnetic theory, shorter wavelength (\\u03bb) means higher frequency (f). Their product equals light speed. That is:<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                  \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                  C<\\\/span> = \\u03bb \\u00b7 f = 3<\\\/span> \\u00d7 10<\\\/span>^10<\\\/span> cm\\\/s
                  \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                  1. Any device may have a high signal frequency. After the signal travels through a PCB trace, the signal may slow or be delayed.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                    So, shorter trace length is better.<\\\/p>

                    1. Increasing wiring density or reducing wire size helps. But when component frequency becomes higher or pulse periods shorten, trace length may approach a portion of the signal wavelength. Then the trace will show obvious distortion.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                    2. IPC-2141 clause 3.4.4 says: when a trace length approaches 1\\\/7 of the signal wavelength, the trace is treated as a signal transmission line.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                    3. Example:<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                      A device has signal frequency f = 10 MHz. PCB trace length is 50 cm. Do we need characteristic impedance control?<\\\/p>

                      Compute:<\\\/p>

                      \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                      C = \\u03bb \\u00b7 f = 3 \\u00d7 10^10 cm\\\/s
                      \\n\\u03bb = C \\\/ f = (3 \\u00d7 10^10 cm\\\/s) \\\/ (1 \\u00d7 10^7 \\\/s) = 3000 cm
                      \\ntrace length \\\/ wavelength = 50 \\\/ 3000 = 1\\\/60
                      \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                      Because 1\\\/60 is much less than 1\\\/7, this trace is a normal wire and does not need characteristic impedance control.<\\\/p>

                      Maxwell's equations tell us: the propagation speed VS of a sine wave in a medium relates to light speed C and dielectric constant \\u03b5r as:<\\\/p>

                      \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                      VS<\\\/span> = C \\\/ \\u221a\\u03b5r
                      \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                      When \\u03b5r = 1, signal speed equals light speed = 3 \\u00d7 10^10 cm\\\/s.<\\\/p>

                      2. Transmission speed and dielectric constant<\\\/h3>

                      Signal speed at 30 MHz for different materials:<\\\/p>

                      Material \\\/ Substrate<\\\/th>Tg (\\u00b0C)<\\\/th>Dielectric constant \\u03b5r<\\\/th>Signal speed (m\\\/\\u03bcs)<\\\/th><\\\/tr><\\\/thead>
                      Vacuum<\\\/td>\\\/<\\\/td>1.0<\\\/td>300.00<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      PTFE (Teflon)<\\\/td>\\\/<\\\/td>2.2<\\\/td>202.26<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Thermoset polyphenylene ether<\\\/td>210<\\\/td>2.5<\\\/td>189.74<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Cyanate ester<\\\/td>225<\\\/td>3.0<\\\/td>173.21<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      PTFE + E-glass<\\\/td>\\\/<\\\/td>2.6<\\\/td>186.25<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Cyanate ester + glass<\\\/td>225<\\\/td>3.7<\\\/td>155.96<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Polyimide + glass<\\\/td>230<\\\/td>4.5<\\\/td>141.42<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Quartz<\\\/td>\\\/<\\\/td>3.9<\\\/td>151.98<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Epoxy glass (fr4)<\\\/td>130\\u00b15<\\\/td>4.7<\\\/td>138.38<\\\/td><\\\/tr>
                      Aluminum<\\\/td>\\\/<\\\/td>9.0<\\\/td>100.00<\\\/td><\\\/tr><\\\/tbody><\\\/table><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                      The table shows: as \\u03b5r increases, signal speed in the material decreases. To get higher signal speed, choose higher characteristic impedance. To get higher Z0, choose lower \\u03b5r material. PTFE has the smallest \\u03b5r, so it gives the fastest speed.<\\\/p>

                      fr4 board uses epoxy resin plus E-glass. Its \\u03b5r is about 4.7. Signal speed is 138 m\\\/\\u03bcs. Changing the resin system can change \\u03b5r.<\\\/p>

                      Reasons to control characteristic impedance<\\\/h2>

                      Reason 1<\\\/h3>

                      When electronic equipment (computer, communications) runs, the driver sends a signal to the receiver through PCB traces. The characteristic impedance Z0 of the trace must match the driver and receiver electronic impedance. If matched, the signal energy transmits completely.<\\\/p>

                      Reason 2<\\\/h3>

                      If PCB quality is bad and Z0 is out of tolerance, signals will reflect, dissipate, attenuate, or delay. In severe cases, signals can be wrong and the device can crash.<\\\/p>

                      Reason 3<\\\/h3>

                      Strict material selection and process control are needed so multilayer board Z0 meets customer specs. Higher electronic impedance components usually need higher PCB Z0 to match. A multilayer board with correct Z0 is a qualified high-speed or high-frequency product.<\\\/p>

                      Relationship of Z0 to material and process<\\\/h2>

                      The microstrip characteristic impedance Z0 formula:<\\\/p>

                      \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                      Z0<\\\/span> = 87<\\\/span> \\\/ \\u221a\\u03b5r + 1.41<\\\/span> \\u00b7 ln [ 5.98<\\\/span> H \\\/ (0.8<\\\/span> W + T) ]
                      \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                      Where:<\\\/p>

                      • \\u03b5r \\u2014 dielectric constant<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      • H \\u2014 dielectric thickness<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      • W \\u2014 trace width<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                      • T \\u2014 trace thickness<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                        Lower \\u03b5r makes it easier to raise Z0 to match high-speed components.<\\\/p>

                        1. Z0 and \\u03b5r<\\\/h3>

                        Z0 is inversely related to \\u03b5r. Z0 increases as H increases. For strict Z0 high-frequency lines, dielectric thickness tolerance must be strict. Usually dielectric thickness change must not exceed 10%.<\\\/p>

                        2. Dielectric thickness effect<\\\/h3>

                        With higher routing density, larger H leads to more electromagnetic interference. For high-frequency and high-speed digital lines, as conductor density rises, reduce dielectric thickness to lower EMI and crosstalk, or use materials with lower \\u03b5r.<\\\/p>

                        From the formula, copper thickness T is an important factor. Larger T lowers Z0, but the change is small.<\\\/p>

                        3. Copper thickness effect<\\\/h3>

                        Thinner copper gives higher Z0, but its effect on Z0 is small. Using thin copper helps make fine traces and this helps control Z0 more than the copper thickness value alone.<\\\/p>

                        From the formula:<\\\/p>

                        \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                        Z0<\\\/span> = 87<\\\/span> \\\/ \\u221a\\u03b5r + 1.41<\\\/span> \\u00b7 ln [ 5.98<\\\/span> H \\\/ (0.8<\\\/span> W + T) ]
                        \\n<\\\/code><\\\/div><\\\/div>

                        As W (trace width) decreases, Z0 increases. Changing width has a larger impact on Z0 than changing thickness.<\\\/p>

                        4. Trace width effect<\\\/h3>

                        Z0 increases sharply as width W narrows. To control Z0, control trace width tightly. Today most high-frequency and high-speed digital traces have widths like 0.10 mm or 0.13 mm. Traditionally, width tolerance was \\u00b120%. For non-transmission line traces (trace length << signal wavelength \\\/ 7), \\u00b120% may be fine. But for Z0 controlled traces, \\u00b120% width error cannot meet requirements. At that point Z0 error often exceeds \\u00b110%.<\\\/p>

                        Example:<\\\/p>

                        A PCB microstrip has width 100 \\u03bcm, thickness 20 \\u03bcm, dielectric thickness 100 \\u03bcm. Assume copper thickness is uniform. If width changes \\u00b120%, can Z0 meet \\u00b110%?<\\\/p>

                        By formula:<\\\/p>

                        Let W0 = 100 \\u03bcm, W1 = 80 \\u03bcm, W2 = 120 \\u03bcm, T = 20 \\u03bcm, H = 100 \\u03bcm. Then Z01 \\\/ Z02 = 1.20. So Z0 just reaches \\u00b110%, not within \\u00b110%. To get Z0 within \\u00b110%, width variation must be much smaller than \\u00b120%. To get Z0 \\u2264 \\u00b15%, width tolerance must be \\u2264 \\u00b110%.<\\\/p>

                        This explains why some PTFE PCBs and some fr4 PCBs require width tolerance \\u00b10.02 mm. The reason is to control Z0.<\\\/p>

                        Process controls for characteristic impedance<\\\/h2>

                        1. Film making control and inspection<\\\/strong>
                          Keep constant temperature and humidity (21\\u00b12\\u00b0C, 55\\u00b15%), keep a clean room, and do width process compensation.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        2. Panel design<\\\/strong>
                          Panel edges should not be too narrow. Make plating uniform. Use pseudo-cathode in electroplating to distribute current. Add a coupon on the panel edge to test Z0.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        3. Etching<\\\/strong>
                          Control process parameters to reduce undercut. Do first-pass inspection. Reduce residual copper, copper burrs, and copper scraps. Check trace width and keep it within required range (\\u00b110% or \\u00b10.02 mm).<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        4. AOI inspection<\\\/strong>
                          For inner layers, find trace gaps and protrusions. For 2 GHz high-speed signals, even a 0.05 mm gap must cause board scrap. Controlling inner layer width and defects is key.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        5. Lamination<\\\/strong>
                          Use vacuum lamination to lower pressure and reduce resin flow. Keep more resin because resin affects \\u03b5r. More resin often lowers \\u03b5r. Control lamination thickness tolerance. If finished board thickness is uneven, dielectric thickness varies and affects Z0.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        6. Select good base material<\\\/strong>
                          Strictly follow customer material model. Wrong model means wrong \\u03b5r, wrong thickness. A full process done with wrong material still results in scrap because Z0 depends strongly on \\u03b5r.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        7. Solder mask (coverlay)<\\\/strong>
                          Solder mask on the board surface can lower Z0 by 1\\u20133 \\u03a9. In theory, solder mask thickness should not be too thick. In practice the effect is not huge. Before solder mask, the conductor surface interfaces with air (\\u03b5r = 1) so measured Z0 is higher. After solder mask, Z0 drops 1\\u20133 \\u03a9 because solder mask \\u03b5r is about 4.0.<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                        8. Moisture absorption<\\\/strong>
                          Avoid moisture absorption in finished multilayer boards. Water has \\u03b5r \\u2248 75. Moisture causes large Z0 drop and instability.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                          Summary<\\\/h2>

                          For multilayer board transmission lines, common Z0 control ranges are:<\\\/p>

                          • 50 \\u03a9 \\u00b110%<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          • 75 \\u03a9 \\u00b110%<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                          • 28 \\u03a9 \\u00b110%<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                            To control variation, consider these four main factors:<\\\/p>

                            1. Trace width W<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                            2. Trace thickness T<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                            3. Dielectric thickness H<\\\/p><\\\/li>

                            4. Dielectric constant \\u03b5r<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol>

                              The largest influence is dielectric thickness H. Next is dielectric constant \\u03b5r. Then trace width W. The smallest is trace thickness T. After choosing base material, \\u03b5r change is small. H can be controlled but still varies. T is easier to control. Controlling trace width W within \\u00b110% is hard. Trace issues like pinholes, gaps, and dents also matter. In many ways, the most effective and important method to control Z0 is to control and adjust trace width precisely.<\\\/p>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"ee6d0f7\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false}]"],"_elementor_conditions":["a:0:{}"],"_edit_last":["1"],"_astra_content_layout_flag":["disabled"],"ast-title-bar-display":["disabled"],"_elementor_version":["3.31.2"],"_elementor_pro_version":["3.31.2"],"_wp_page_template":["default"],"_elementor_page_settings":["a:1:{s:10:\"hide_title\";s:3:\"yes\";}"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":["index"],"rank_math_robots":["a:1:{i:0;s:5:\"index\";}"],"rank_math_seo_score":["30"],"rank_math_focus_keyword":["Impedance Control"],"site-post-title":["disabled"],"_elementor_controls_usage":["a:2:{s:11:\"text-editor\";a:3:{s:5:\"count\";i:1;s:15:\"control_percent\";i:1;s:8:\"controls\";a:2:{s:7:\"content\";a:1:{s:14:\"section_editor\";a:1:{s:6:\"editor\";i:1;}}s:8:\"advanced\";a:1:{s:26:\"display_conditions_section\";a:1:{s:22:\"display_condition_list\";i:1;}}}}s:9:\"container\";a:3:{s:5:\"count\";i:1;s:15:\"control_percent\";i:0;s:8:\"controls\";a:1:{s:8:\"advanced\";a:1:{s:26:\"display_conditions_section\";a:1:{s:22:\"display_condition_list\";i:1;}}}}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-2428.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-2428.js"],"_elementor_css":["a:6:{s:4:\"time\";i:1778179868;s:5:\"fonts\";a:0:{}s:5:\"icons\";a:0:{}s:20:\"dynamic_elements_ids\";a:0:{}s:6:\"status\";s:4:\"file\";i:0;s:0:\"\";}"],"_elementor_page_assets":["a:1:{s:7:\"scripts\";a:1:{i:0;s:18:\"elementor-frontend\";}}"],"_elementor_element_cache":["{\"timeout\":1778378625,\"value\":{\"content\":\"

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ufacturing instability that changes the trace width will change impedance. From experience with many factories, trace width may vary about 10%. We can model trace width change as a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 10%.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"3122\" data-end=\"3162\">Copper foil \/ plated copper thickness<\/h3><p data-start=\"3164\" data-end=\"3628\">In PCB products, copper thickness has two parts: base copper thickness and plated copper thickness. Base copper is relatively uniform, but plated copper uniformity depends on factory process. Plated copper may vary a lot between factories. Different plated copper thickness will change trace impedance and loss. Impedance may vary in a small range, for example between 49.5 and 51 ohm. Compared with trace width, copper thickness has a smaller effect on impedance.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"3630\" data-end=\"3653\">Dielectric thickness<\/h3><p data-start=\"3655\" data-end=\"3983\">In PCB manufacture, dielectric thickness changes come from raw material variation, lamination pressure, and glue filling. If dielectric thickness changes, impedance and loss will change. In severe cases, transmission lines will have large loss. Impedance may vary from about 44 ohm to 54 ohm. The range can be as wide as 10 ohm.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"3985\" data-end=\"3999\">Etch factor<\/h3><p data-start=\"4001\" data-end=\"4400\">Conductors have finite thickness. After etch, traces are not perfect rectangles. They look closer to a trapezoid. The trapezoid angle changes with copper thickness (including plating). When copper is thin, the sidewall angle approaches 90\u00b0. The angle size affects impedance. For example, when the sidewall angle is 70\u00b0, impedance is about 50 ohm. When the angle is 90\u00b0, impedance is about 48.37 ohm.<\/p><p data-start=\"4402\" data-end=\"4843\">The above tests change one factor at a time. In real production, multiple variables change at once. Impedance can vary from about 40 ohm to 56 ohm. This far exceeds a typical requirement such as 50\u03a9 \u00b110%. During production, many parameters cause impedance change. For high-speed or high-end products, the PCB design and manufacturing process must strictly control every material and step. Otherwise, the product can show unexpected problems.<\/p><hr data-start=\"4845\" data-end=\"4848\" \/><h2 data-start=\"4850\" data-end=\"4890\">Impedance and characteristic impedance<\/h2><h3 data-start=\"4892\" data-end=\"4908\">1. Resistance<\/h3><p data-start=\"4910\" data-end=\"5193\">When an alternating current flows in a conductor, the opposition it meets is called impedance (Impedance). Symbol is Z. Unit is still ohm (\u03a9). This opposition differs from DC resistance. In AC, besides resistance (R), there are inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive reactance (XC).<\/p><p data-start=\"5195\" data-end=\"5267\">To distinguish from DC resistance, call the AC opposition impedance (Z).<\/p><p data-start=\"5269\" data-end=\"5281\">The formula:<\/p><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-attr\">Z<\/span> = \u221a(R\u00b2 + (XL \u2212 XC)\u00b2)<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><h3 data-start=\"5315\" data-end=\"5334\">2. Impedance (Z)<\/h3><p data-start=\"5336\" data-end=\"5657\">With higher IC integration and higher signal frequency and speed, signals on PCB traces can be affected by the PCB trace itself. When signal frequency reaches a limit, the trace causes serious signal distortion or loss. This shows PCB traces carry not just current but energy in the form of pulses or square wave signals.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"5659\" data-end=\"5702\">3. Characteristic impedance control (Z0)<\/h3><p data-start=\"5704\" data-end=\"5798\">The opposition a signal sees when it travels is called characteristic impedance. Symbol is Z0.<\/p><p data-start=\"5800\" data-end=\"6111\">So, fixing only \"open\", \"short\", and connectivity is not enough. For high speed and high frequency transmission lines, quality must be stricter. Passing an open\/short test or having small defects is not enough. You must measure Z0 and keep it within tolerance. If not, the board must be scrapped. Do not rework.<\/p><hr data-start=\"6113\" data-end=\"6116\" \/><h2 data-start=\"6118\" data-end=\"6161\">Signal propagation and transmission lines<\/h2><h3 data-start=\"6163\" data-end=\"6209\">1. Definition of a signal transmission line<\/h3><ol data-start=\"6211\" data-end=\"6336\"><li data-start=\"6211\" data-end=\"6336\"><p data-start=\"6214\" data-end=\"6336\">From electromagnetic theory, shorter wavelength (\u03bb) means higher frequency (f). Their product equals light speed. That is:<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-attr\">C<\/span> = \u03bb \u00b7 f = <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span> \u00d7 <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>^<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span> cm\/s<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"6374\" data-end=\"6502\"><li data-start=\"6374\" data-end=\"6502\"><p data-start=\"6377\" data-end=\"6502\">Any device may have a high signal frequency. After the signal travels through a PCB trace, the signal may slow or be delayed.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"6504\" data-end=\"6539\">So, shorter trace length is better.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"6541\" data-end=\"6933\"><li data-start=\"6541\" data-end=\"6775\"><p data-start=\"6544\" data-end=\"6775\">Increasing wiring density or reducing wire size helps. But when component frequency becomes higher or pulse periods shorten, trace length may approach a portion of the signal wavelength. Then the trace will show obvious distortion.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6777\" data-end=\"6920\"><p data-start=\"6780\" data-end=\"6920\">IPC-2141 clause 3.4.4 says: when a trace length approaches 1\/7 of the signal wavelength, the trace is treated as a signal transmission line.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6922\" data-end=\"6933\"><p data-start=\"6925\" data-end=\"6933\">Example:<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"6935\" data-end=\"7048\">A device has signal frequency f = 10 MHz. PCB trace length is 50 cm. Do we need characteristic impedance control?<\/p><p data-start=\"7050\" data-end=\"7058\">Compute:<\/p><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\">C = \u03bb \u00b7 f = 3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s<br \/>\n\u03bb = C \/ f = (3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s) \/ (1 \u00d7 10^7 \/s) = 3000 cm<br \/>\ntrace length \/ wavelength = 50 \/ 3000 = 1\/60<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"7196\" data-end=\"7311\">Because 1\/60 is much less than 1\/7, this trace is a normal wire and does not need characteristic impedance control.<\/p><p data-start=\"7313\" data-end=\"7449\">Maxwell's equations tell us: the propagation speed VS of a sine wave in a medium relates to light speed C and dielectric constant \u03b5r as:<\/p><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-attr\">VS<\/span> = C \/ \u221a\u03b5r<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"7473\" data-end=\"7535\">When \u03b5r = 1, signal speed equals light speed = 3 \u00d7 10^10 cm\/s.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"7537\" data-end=\"7585\">2. Transmission speed and dielectric constant<\/h3><p data-start=\"7587\" data-end=\"7634\">Signal speed at 30 MHz for different materials:<\/p><div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\"><div class=\"_tableWrapper_1rjym_13 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"><table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"7636\" data-end=\"8134\"><thead data-start=\"7636\" data-end=\"7717\"><tr data-start=\"7636\" data-end=\"7717\"><th data-start=\"7636\" data-end=\"7659\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Material \/ Substrate<\/th><th data-start=\"7659\" data-end=\"7669\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Tg (\u00b0C)<\/th><th data-start=\"7669\" data-end=\"7694\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Dielectric constant \u03b5r<\/th><th data-start=\"7694\" data-end=\"7717\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Signal speed (m\/\u03bcs)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody data-start=\"7739\" data-end=\"8134\"><tr data-start=\"7739\" data-end=\"7768\"><td data-start=\"7739\" data-end=\"7748\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Vacuum<\/td><td data-start=\"7748\" data-end=\"7752\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\/<\/td><td data-start=\"7752\" data-end=\"7758\" data-col-size=\"sm\">1.0<\/td><td data-start=\"7758\" data-end=\"7768\" data-col-size=\"sm\">300.00<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7769\" data-end=\"7805\"><td data-start=\"7769\" data-end=\"7785\" data-col-size=\"sm\">PTFE (Teflon)<\/td><td data-start=\"7785\" data-end=\"7789\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\/<\/td><td data-start=\"7789\" data-end=\"7795\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2.2<\/td><td data-start=\"7795\" data-end=\"7805\" data-col-size=\"sm\">202.26<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7806\" data-end=\"7860\"><td data-start=\"7806\" data-end=\"7838\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Thermoset polyphenylene ether<\/td><td data-start=\"7838\" data-end=\"7844\" data-col-size=\"sm\">210<\/td><td data-start=\"7844\" data-end=\"7850\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2.5<\/td><td data-start=\"7850\" data-end=\"7860\" data-col-size=\"sm\">189.74<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7861\" data-end=\"7899\"><td data-start=\"7861\" data-end=\"7877\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cyanate ester<\/td><td data-start=\"7877\" data-end=\"7883\" data-col-size=\"sm\">225<\/td><td data-start=\"7883\" data-end=\"7889\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3.0<\/td><td data-start=\"7889\" data-end=\"7899\" data-col-size=\"sm\">173.21<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7900\" data-end=\"7937\"><td data-start=\"7900\" data-end=\"7917\" data-col-size=\"sm\">PTFE + E-glass<\/td><td data-start=\"7917\" data-end=\"7921\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\/<\/td><td data-start=\"7921\" data-end=\"7927\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2.6<\/td><td data-start=\"7927\" data-end=\"7937\" data-col-size=\"sm\">186.25<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7938\" data-end=\"7984\"><td data-start=\"7938\" data-end=\"7962\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cyanate ester + glass<\/td><td data-start=\"7962\" data-end=\"7968\" data-col-size=\"sm\">225<\/td><td data-start=\"7968\" data-end=\"7974\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3.7<\/td><td data-start=\"7974\" data-end=\"7984\" data-col-size=\"sm\">155.96<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"7985\" data-end=\"8027\"><td data-start=\"7985\" data-end=\"8005\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Polyimide + glass<\/td><td data-start=\"8005\" data-end=\"8011\" data-col-size=\"sm\">230<\/td><td data-start=\"8011\" data-end=\"8017\" data-col-size=\"sm\">4.5<\/td><td data-start=\"8017\" data-end=\"8027\" data-col-size=\"sm\">141.42<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"8028\" data-end=\"8057\"><td data-start=\"8028\" data-end=\"8037\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Quartz<\/td><td data-start=\"8037\" data-end=\"8041\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\/<\/td><td data-start=\"8041\" data-end=\"8047\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3.9<\/td><td data-start=\"8047\" data-end=\"8057\" data-col-size=\"sm\">151.98<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"8058\" data-end=\"8102\"><td data-start=\"8058\" data-end=\"8078\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Epoxy glass (fr4)<\/td><td data-start=\"8078\" data-end=\"8086\" data-col-size=\"sm\">130\u00b15<\/td><td data-start=\"8086\" data-end=\"8092\" data-col-size=\"sm\">4.7<\/td><td data-start=\"8092\" data-end=\"8102\" data-col-size=\"sm\">138.38<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"8103\" data-end=\"8134\"><td data-start=\"8103\" data-end=\"8114\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Aluminum<\/td><td data-start=\"8114\" data-end=\"8118\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\/<\/td><td data-start=\"8118\" data-end=\"8124\" data-col-size=\"sm\">9.0<\/td><td data-start=\"8124\" data-end=\"8134\" data-col-size=\"sm\">100.00<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"8136\" data-end=\"8378\">The table shows: as \u03b5r increases, signal speed in the material decreases. To get higher signal speed, choose higher characteristic impedance. To get higher Z0, choose lower \u03b5r material. PTFE has the smallest \u03b5r, so it gives the fastest speed.<\/p><p data-start=\"8380\" data-end=\"8508\">fr4 board uses epoxy resin plus E-glass. Its \u03b5r is about 4.7. Signal speed is 138 m\/\u03bcs. Changing the resin system can change \u03b5r.<\/p><hr data-start=\"8510\" data-end=\"8513\" \/><h2 data-start=\"8515\" data-end=\"8560\">Reasons to control characteristic impedance<\/h2><h3 data-start=\"8562\" data-end=\"8573\">Reason 1<\/h3><p data-start=\"8575\" data-end=\"8849\">When electronic equipment (computer, communications) runs, the driver sends a signal to the receiver through PCB traces. The characteristic impedance Z0 of the trace must match the driver and receiver electronic impedance. If matched, the signal energy transmits completely.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"8851\" data-end=\"8862\">Reason 2<\/h3><p data-start=\"8864\" data-end=\"9031\">If PCB quality is bad and Z0 is out of tolerance, signals will reflect, dissipate, attenuate, or delay. In severe cases, signals can be wrong and the device can crash.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"9033\" data-end=\"9044\">Reason 3<\/h3><p data-start=\"9046\" data-end=\"9311\">Strict material selection and process control are needed so multilayer board Z0 meets customer specs. Higher electronic impedance components usually need higher PCB Z0 to match. A multilayer board with correct Z0 is a qualified high-speed or high-frequency product.<\/p><hr data-start=\"9313\" data-end=\"9316\" \/><h2 data-start=\"9318\" data-end=\"9362\">Relationship of Z0 to material and process<\/h2><p data-start=\"9364\" data-end=\"9415\">The microstrip characteristic impedance Z0 formula:<\/p><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-attr\">Z0<\/span> = <span class=\"hljs-number\">87<\/span> \/ \u221a\u03b5r + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1.41<\/span> \u00b7 ln [ <span class=\"hljs-number\">5.98<\/span> H \/ (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.8<\/span> W + T) ]<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"9477\" data-end=\"9483\">Where:<\/p><ul data-start=\"9485\" data-end=\"9584\"><li data-start=\"9485\" data-end=\"9513\"><p data-start=\"9487\" data-end=\"9513\">\u03b5r \u2014 dielectric constant<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9514\" data-end=\"9542\"><p data-start=\"9516\" data-end=\"9542\">H \u2014 dielectric thickness<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9543\" data-end=\"9562\"><p data-start=\"9545\" data-end=\"9562\">W \u2014 trace width<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9563\" data-end=\"9584\"><p data-start=\"9565\" data-end=\"9584\">T \u2014 trace thickness<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"9586\" data-end=\"9654\">Lower \u03b5r makes it easier to raise Z0 to match high-speed components.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"9656\" data-end=\"9671\">1. Z0 and \u03b5r<\/h3><p data-start=\"9673\" data-end=\"9872\">Z0 is inversely related to \u03b5r. Z0 increases as H increases. For strict Z0 high-frequency lines, dielectric thickness tolerance must be strict. Usually dielectric thickness change must not exceed 10%.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"9874\" data-end=\"9907\">2. Dielectric thickness effect<\/h3><p data-start=\"9909\" data-end=\"10155\">With higher routing density, larger H leads to more electromagnetic interference. For high-frequency and high-speed digital lines, as conductor density rises, reduce dielectric thickness to lower EMI and crosstalk, or use materials with lower \u03b5r.<\/p><p data-start=\"10157\" data-end=\"10262\">From the formula, copper thickness T is an important factor. Larger T lowers Z0, but the change is small.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"10264\" data-end=\"10293\">3. Copper thickness effect<\/h3><p data-start=\"10295\" data-end=\"10468\">Thinner copper gives higher Z0, but its effect on Z0 is small. Using thin copper helps make fine traces and this helps control Z0 more than the copper thickness value alone.<\/p><p data-start=\"10470\" data-end=\"10487\">From the formula:<\/p><div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-2xl relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\"><div class=\"sticky top-9\"><div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\"><div class=\"bg-token-bg-elevated-secondary text-token-text-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-attr\">Z0<\/span> = <span class=\"hljs-number\">87<\/span> \/ \u221a\u03b5r + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1.41<\/span> \u00b7 ln [ <span class=\"hljs-number\">5.98<\/span> H \/ (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.8<\/span> W + T) ]<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"10549\" data-end=\"10658\">As W (trace width) decreases, Z0 increases. Changing width has a larger impact on Z0 than changing thickness.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"10660\" data-end=\"10684\">4. Trace width effect<\/h3><p data-start=\"10686\" data-end=\"11112\">Z0 increases sharply as width W narrows. To control Z0, control trace width tightly. Today most high-frequency and high-speed digital traces have widths like 0.10 mm or 0.13 mm. Traditionally, width tolerance was \u00b120%. For non-transmission line traces (trace length &lt;&lt; sign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