![\"cnc\"](\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cnc.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nEl fresado CNC es habitual en la fabricaci\u00f3n flexible. El corte por l\u00e1ser y el corte por chorro de agua tambi\u00e9n son opciones. Pueden utilizarse para preparar o precortar el material de refuerzo. Para placas con diferencias de altura, los m\u00e9todos de corte sin prensa como el l\u00e1ser o el chorro de agua pueden simplificar el proceso. Tambi\u00e9n reducen los costes porque no se necesita ninguna herramienta de estampaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Procesamiento mec\u00e1nico de los rigidizadores (estampaci\u00f3n \/ troquelado)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n2.1 Estampaci\u00f3n \/ Troquelado<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Si la producci\u00f3n de rigidizadores utiliza el estampado de malla o el troquelado, se necesitan matrices de estampado especiales. Despu\u00e9s de que el estampado elimine el material duro alrededor de las piezas, la chapa restante puede empujarse a su posici\u00f3n original. Este m\u00e9todo es habitual para placas r\u00edgidas de bajo coste y para el montaje de grandes vol\u00famenes utilizando fijaciones sencillas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.2 Puntuaci\u00f3n o corte parcial<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Si el contorno del flexo lo permite, pueden utilizarse herramientas de incisi\u00f3n o de corte parcial. El incisor suele cortar parcialmente el flex o el refuerzo. Las herramientas especiales controlan la profundidad del corte. Una vez colocadas las piezas y terminado el montaje, el tablero puede romperse a lo largo de la l\u00ednea de corte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En comparaci\u00f3n con el contorneado fresado, la mayor\u00eda de las dem\u00e1s t\u00e9cnicas de corte deben cortar todo el material. Debido a la naturaleza de las cortadoras mec\u00e1nicas, las formas cortadas suelen ser l\u00edneas rectas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Adhesivos para la uni\u00f3n de rigidizadores<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Los adhesivos utilizados para unir rigidizadores a sustratos flexibles se eligen en funci\u00f3n de la funci\u00f3n requerida. Adem\u00e1s de los adhesivos est\u00e1ndar para flex, existen otros tipos de adhesivos. Tipos y caracter\u00edsticas comunes de adhesivos para rigidizadores:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.1 Adhesivo sensible a la presi\u00f3n (PSA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
El PSA se utiliza ampliamente para rigidizadores. Es flexible y f\u00e1cil de usar. Ofrece una buena fuerza de adhesi\u00f3n y puede mejorar la durabilidad en algunos casos. La mayor\u00eda de los PSA no est\u00e1n dise\u00f1ados para un uso a largo plazo a altas temperaturas, y normalmente s\u00f3lo toleran una exposici\u00f3n breve a altas temperaturas. En el caso de la soldadura sin plomo (temperaturas de reflujo m\u00e1s elevadas), compruebe si el PSA funciona en el proceso requerido. Una ventaja especial del PSA es que permite que el flexo se adhiera a casi cualquier superficie, por lo que son posibles muchos dise\u00f1os de rigidizaci\u00f3n incorporada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.2 Pel\u00edculas adhesivas termoestables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Las l\u00e1minas adhesivas termoestables, a veces denominadas l\u00e1minas con revestimiento acr\u00edlico o l\u00e1minas adhesivas, pueden unir rigidizadores y flex. Necesitan m\u00e1s tiempo y pasos de procesamiento. Aun as\u00ed, los adhesivos termoestables pueden ofrecer una gran fuerza de uni\u00f3n y resistencia a altas temperaturas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.3 Adhesivos l\u00edquidos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Los adhesivos epox\u00eddicos monocomponentes o bicomponentes se utilizan para unir rigidizadores. Son dif\u00edciles de aplicar uniformemente, por lo que son menos comunes que los adhesivos en pel\u00edcula. Cuando se utilizan, los adhesivos l\u00edquidos forman un cord\u00f3n gradual de epoxi en el borde de uni\u00f3n. Este cord\u00f3n ayuda a aliviar la tensi\u00f3n en el borde de transici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.4 Pel\u00edculas adhesivas termopl\u00e1sticas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Las l\u00e1minas adhesivas termopl\u00e1sticas son otra opci\u00f3n habitual. Tienen poca tensi\u00f3n y son totalmente polim\u00e9ricos, sin necesidad de curado qu\u00edmico. Se adhieren a muchas superficies y son f\u00e1ciles de retocar. Estas caracter\u00edsticas ampl\u00edan su uso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.5 Adhesivos de curado UV<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Otra opci\u00f3n son los adhesivos de curado UV. Algunas f\u00f3rmulas se pueden serigrafiar. Algunos pol\u00edmeros activados por UV pueden mostrar una pegajosidad similar a la del PSA tras su activaci\u00f3n. Como se curan r\u00e1pido, los adhesivos UV son \u00fatiles para dise\u00f1os que necesitan una r\u00e1pida transici\u00f3n blando-duro y alivio de la tensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Agujeros en los rigidizadores (agujeros de paso, agujeros de montaje, agujeros de montaje)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Los orificios para la holgura de la pieza y los orificios para el montaje final son diferentes y a veces tienen efectos opuestos. Las normas de dise\u00f1o deben coincidir con el uso previsto. Los datos de dise\u00f1o deben explicar c\u00f3mo elegir los di\u00e1metros de los orificios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si se ignora esto en el dise\u00f1o o la fabricaci\u00f3n, pueden aparecer huecos o roturas de cobre en las uniones entre los orificios de las piezas y el cobre. Es posible que necesite reparaciones posteriores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.1 Orificios para componentes en el rigidizador<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Los orificios que dejan paso a los orificios pasantes chapados deben ser 250 \u00b5m - 375 \u00b5m m\u00e1s grandes que el orificio pasante chapado. Esto compensa posibles desalineaciones durante el laminado y ayuda a garantizar que los agujeros chapados no queden bloqueados por el rigidizador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.2 Orificios de montaje<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Los agujeros en el rigidizador hechos para el montaje deben ser ligeramente m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os que los agujeros en el flex. Esto ayuda a evitar que la tensi\u00f3n de montaje se traslade al flexo. Esto no siempre es necesario. En algunos dise\u00f1os, el flexo puede fijarse directamente a un soporte sin rigidizador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.3 Orificios de montaje sin soporte<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Para los orificios de montaje que no tienen soporte rigidizador, mantenga el cobre alrededor del orificio (anillo anular) para a\u00f1adir resistencia. Si el dise\u00f1o lo permite, puede utilizarse el mismo m\u00e9todo para los orificios de montaje normales. Esta forma tambi\u00e9n facilita la conexi\u00f3n a tierra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Materiales de refuerzo de FPC comunes y sus caracter\u00edsticas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
El FPC utiliza habitualmente tres materiales rigidizadores: PI, FR4 y acero inoxidable. Detalles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5.1 PI (poliimida)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
El PI es un material de ingenier\u00eda especializado. Se utiliza ampliamente en la industria aeroespacial, la microelectr\u00f3nica, la nanotecnolog\u00eda, las pantallas LCD, las membranas de separaci\u00f3n y los l\u00e1seres. Es ign\u00edfugo y resiste temperaturas altas y bajas. Los rangos de temperatura de uso a largo plazo var\u00edan seg\u00fan el grado, pero el PI puede soportar una amplia gama. En FPC, el PI se utiliza como pel\u00edcula protectora y como l\u00e1minas rigidizadoras. La pel\u00edcula protectora de PI a\u00edsla los circuitos. Los refuerzos de PI se utilizan en la parte posterior de los dedos de oro y en otras zonas que necesitan aislamiento y refuerzo. El grosor del refuerzo de PI se elige en funci\u00f3n del dise\u00f1o y el entorno. La tolerancia puede controlarse hasta \u00b10,03 mm. El PI soporta bien las temperaturas de proceso (normalmente 130 \u00b0C-280 \u00b0C, dependiendo del grado). Espesores habituales de los rigidizadores PI: 0,075 mm, 0,1 mm, 0,125 mm, 0,15 mm, 0,175 mm, 0,2 mm, 0,225 mm, 0,25 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n El FR4 es un material ign\u00edfugo. En comparaci\u00f3n con las placas de papel, tiene mejor resistencia mec\u00e1nica, estabilidad dimensional, resistencia al impacto y resistencia a la humedad. Su rendimiento el\u00e9ctrico es bueno y funciona a temperaturas m\u00e1s altas. En el procesado, suele tener ventajas sobre otras placas de resina-fibra de vidrio. En la producci\u00f3n de FPC, el FR4 se utiliza principalmente como refuerzo detr\u00e1s de las zonas de soldadura. Aumenta la dureza en la zona de soldadura y protege las piezas de montaje superficial de los fallos causados por la flexi\u00f3n repetida. Dado que el FR4 se desgasta m\u00e1s que el PI, no suele utilizarse para el refuerzo de los dedos de oro. Para rigidizadores FR4: si el grosor es 1,0 mm, la tolerancia es \u00b10,1 mm. Espesores habituales de los rigidizadores FR4: 0,1 mm, 0,2 mm, 0,3 mm, 0,4 mm, 0,5 mm, 0,6 mm, 0,7 mm, 1,6 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Comparaci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida: PI tiene tolerancias m\u00e1s ajustadas y buena resistencia al calor, pero no es muy duro. El FR4 es m\u00e1s grueso y r\u00edgido, tiene mayores tolerancias y es m\u00e1s estable para el montaje manual, pero m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil de retocar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Normalmente acero inoxidable 303. El 303 es un acero inoxidable austen\u00edtico con azufre y selenio para mejorar la mecanizabilidad y el acabado superficial. Los rigidizadores de los CPE suelen tener formas complejas y el acero inoxidable 303 es f\u00e1cil de grabar. Los rigidizadores de acero 303 son habituales en los productos de CPE que requieren gran estabilidad. Los refuerzos de acero no pueden taladrarse con CNC ni cortarse con l\u00e1ser FPC. Suelen fabricarse mediante grabado qu\u00edmico, por lo que su coste es m\u00e1s elevado. Necesitan montaje manual, el proceso es m\u00e1s complejo y el coste es mayor. Espesores habituales de los rigidizadores de acero: 0,1 mm, 0,2 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cuando dise\u00f1e rigidizadores y orificios, tenga clara la finalidad de cada uno de ellos (holgura, ensamblaje, montaje). Indique el di\u00e1metro del orificio, la tolerancia y la tolerancia de posici\u00f3n en las notas de dise\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n En el caso de rigidizadores cerca de orificios chapados, deje suficiente espacio o ampl\u00ede el orificio 250-375 \u00b5m para evitar que se bloqueen los orificios chapados durante el laminado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Si el rigidizador va a soportar esfuerzos mec\u00e1nicos o de montaje, considere materiales m\u00e1s duros como el FR4 o el acero. Pero si es probable que en el futuro haya que retocarlos, prefiera las soluciones de PI o de pel\u00edcula termopl\u00e1stica, que son m\u00e1s f\u00e1ciles de retocar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A la hora de elegir los adhesivos, hay que tener en cuenta las temperaturas de reflujo (especialmente para la soldadura sin plomo), las necesidades de repaso, el entorno a largo plazo (temperatura, humedad) y las superficies que se van a unir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Para formas complejas o rigidizadores de alta precisi\u00f3n, prefiera el grabado qu\u00edmico o el corte por l\u00e1ser para reducir el coste del utillaje. Para grandes vol\u00famenes y formas regulares, considere el estampado o troquelado para reducir el coste unitario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Si necesita quitar un refuerzo despu\u00e9s del montaje, deje puentes o l\u00edneas de puntuaci\u00f3n entre el refuerzo y el flexo para poder romperlo o quitarlo m\u00e1s tarde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Atiesadores PI: tolerancia ajustada, buena resistencia a altas temperaturas, f\u00e1cil de integrar con flex, buena retrabajabilidad; no tan duros como los FR4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Refuerzos FR4: m\u00e1s gruesos, m\u00e1s duros, m\u00e1s estables para las zonas de soldadura; mayor tolerancia, m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles de retocar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rigidizadores de acero 303: muy r\u00edgidos y estables, pero de coste m\u00e1s elevado, se fabrican mediante grabado, necesitan montaje manual y su reelaboraci\u00f3n es dif\u00edcil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Introduction FPC stiffening does more than hold parts. It can also help with heat dissipation. But if you need to 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FPC stiffening does more than hold parts. It can also help with heat dissipation. But if you need to […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4618","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4618"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4618\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4624,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4618\/revisions\/4624"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4618"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"PI](\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PI-Polyimide.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n5.2 FR4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"FR4\"](\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FR4.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n5.3 Refuerzos de acero (acero inoxidable)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"Steel](\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Steel-Stiffeners.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n6. Puntos de dise\u00f1o y consejos pr\u00e1cticos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
7. Resumen (pros y contras)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n