{"id":4709,"date":"2026-02-02T09:03:10","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T09:03:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4709"},"modified":"2026-02-02T09:03:16","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T09:03:16","slug":"common-problems-in-fpc-circuit-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/es\/common-problems-in-fpc-circuit-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Problemas comunes en el dise\u00f1o de circuitos FPC"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dise\u00f1o de circuitos FPC - Problemas comunes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. El solapamiento de pastillas (excepto pastillas SMD) significa solapamiento de orificios.
    Cuando los orificios se superponen, el taladro puede perforar el mismo punto muchas veces. La broca puede romperse. El agujero puede da\u00f1arse. Esto provoca desechos o retrabajos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. En las placas multicapa pueden solaparse dos orificios.
    Por ejemplo, un orificio es una pastilla de aislamiento. El otro agujero es una pastilla de conexi\u00f3n con radios t\u00e9rmicos (alivio t\u00e9rmico). Despu\u00e9s de trazar la l\u00e1mina, el resultado puede mostrar s\u00f3lo la pastilla de aislamiento. La pieza puede desecharse.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    I. Superposici\u00f3n de almohadillas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. La superposici\u00f3n de pastillas (excepto las de montaje en superficie) significa superposici\u00f3n de orificios.
      Al taladrar, el taladro perforar\u00e1 un lugar muchas veces. La broca puede romperse. El agujero se da\u00f1ar\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. En las placas multicapa pueden solaparse dos orificios.
      Por ejemplo, un orificio es una pastilla de aislamiento. Otro agujero es una almohadilla de conexi\u00f3n, por ejemplo una almohadilla de alivio t\u00e9rmico. Una vez realizada la pel\u00edcula, la imagen puede mostrar una pastilla de aislamiento. Esto provocar\u00e1 el descarte.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      II. Uso indebido de las capas gr\u00e1ficas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Algunas capas gr\u00e1ficas tienen trazos in\u00fatiles. Una placa de cuatro capas puede dibujarse con trazos como si fuera de cinco capas. Esto causa confusi\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Para ahorrar tiempo, algunos dise\u00f1adores utilizan la capa Tablero en Protel para las l\u00edneas de muchas capas. Tambi\u00e9n dibujan l\u00edneas de anotaci\u00f3n en la capa Tablero. Cuando se realizan los datos fotogr\u00e1ficos, es posible que no seleccionen la capa Placa. Entonces se pierden algunas trazas y el circuito queda abierto. O pueden elegir la anotaci\u00f3n de la capa Board y hacer un cortocircuito. As\u00ed que mantenga las capas gr\u00e1ficas completas y claras cuando dise\u00f1e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Romper la pr\u00e1ctica normal. Por ejemplo, colocar el lado del componente en la capa inferior y el lado de la soldadura en la capa superior. Esto dificulta el montaje y la soldadura.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        \"Random<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        III. Colocaci\u00f3n aleatoria del texto serigrafiado<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. El texto puede cubrir almohadillas o tierras SMD. Esto dificulta las pruebas el\u00e9ctricas y la soldadura de componentes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Si el texto es demasiado peque\u00f1o, la impresi\u00f3n en seda es dif\u00edcil. Si el texto es demasiado grande las letras se superponen y son dif\u00edciles de leer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \"Misuse<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n

          IV. Ajuste del tama\u00f1o del orificio para almohadillas de una cara<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. Las almohadillas de una cara no suelen necesitar agujeros. Si se necesita un orificio, m\u00e1rquelo claramente. El tama\u00f1o del agujero debe ser cero si no es necesario. Si se establece un valor num\u00e9rico, los datos de perforaci\u00f3n incluir\u00e1n la coordenada del agujero y causar\u00e1n un problema.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Si una almohadilla de una cara necesita un orificio, m\u00e1rquelo especialmente.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n

            V. Uso de \u00e1reas rellenas para dibujar almohadillas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            1. Si dibuja pads con \u00e1reas rellenas, el dise\u00f1o puede pasar la DRC. Pero la fabricaci\u00f3n no puede utilizar estos pads. Estos pseudo-pads no pueden generar datos correctos de m\u00e1scara de soldadura. Durante la aplicaci\u00f3n de la m\u00e1scara de soldadura, el \u00e1rea rellena ser\u00e1 cubierta por la m\u00e1scara de soldadura. Esto dificulta la soldadura de componentes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n

              VI. Zonas de potencia o de tierra que son a la vez almohadillas t\u00e9rmicas y trazas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              1. Si un \u00e1rea de potencia o tierra se dibuja como almohadillas de alivio t\u00e9rmico, la imagen en la placa real ser\u00e1 la opuesta a la del dise\u00f1o. Todas las trazas son trazas de aislamiento. Los dise\u00f1adores deben tenerlo claro.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              2. Cuando trace varios grupos de aislamiento de potencia o tierra, tenga cuidado. No deje un hueco que provoque un cortocircuito entre dos grupos de potencia. No bloquee la zona que necesita conexi\u00f3n y divida una zona de potencia.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n

                VII. Definici\u00f3n poco clara de la pila de fabricaci\u00f3n y del orden de las capas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                1. Si se dise\u00f1a una placa de un solo lado s\u00f3lo en la capa SUPERIOR y no se a\u00f1ade ninguna nota, no queda claro qu\u00e9 lado es frontal o posterior. La placa hecha puede ser dif\u00edcil de soldar despu\u00e9s de colocar las piezas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. Por ejemplo, una placa de cuatro capas puede dise\u00f1arse como TOP, MID1, MID2, BOTTOM. Si el fabricante no apila las capas en el mismo orden, se producir\u00e1n problemas. Por lo tanto, a\u00f1ada notas claras sobre el orden de las capas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n

                  VIII. Demasiadas zonas de relleno o zonas de relleno rellenas con l\u00edneas muy finas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  1. Los datos de Photoplot pueden estar incompletos y los datos pueden perderse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  2. Las \u00e1reas de relleno en Photoplot se dibujan como muchas l\u00edneas. Esto crea un conjunto de datos muy grande. El gran volumen de datos dificulta su procesamiento.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n

                    IX. Almohadillas SMD demasiado cortas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    1. Esto afecta a la prueba de continuidad el\u00e9ctrica. En caso de SMD <\/a>partes la separaci\u00f3n entre pastillas es peque\u00f1a y la anchura de las pastillas es fina. Las clavijas de prueba deben escalonarse hacia arriba y hacia abajo o hacia la izquierda y la derecha. Si la almohadilla es demasiado corta, es posible que las clavijas de prueba no se coloquen. Esto dificulta la prueba aunque la pieza pueda colocarse.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n

                      X. La malla para grandes superficies de cobre tiene un paso demasiado peque\u00f1o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      1. Para una rejilla de cobre grande, la l\u00ednea de borde a borde puede ser demasiado peque\u00f1a (menos de 0,3 mm). Durante la fabricaci\u00f3n de la placa, despu\u00e9s del revelado, muchos trozos peque\u00f1os de pel\u00edcula pueden pegarse en la placa. Esto puede causar l\u00edneas abiertas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                        \n\n\n\n

                        XI. Gran superficie de cobre demasiado cerca del contorno de la placa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        1. El \u00e1rea de cobre grande debe mantenerse al menos a 0,2 mm del contorno de la placa. Si el fresado o enrutamiento corta en el \u00e1rea de cobre, el cobre puede levantarse. Esto puede hacer que la m\u00e1scara de soldadura se despegue.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                          \n\n\n\n

                          XII. Dise\u00f1o poco claro del tablero<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          1. Algunos clientes dibujan los contornos de la placa en la capa Keep, en la capa Board y en la capa Top Overlay, y estos contornos no coinciden. Esto hace que sea dif\u00edcil para el fabricante de PCB saber qu\u00e9 contorno utilizar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                            \n\n\n\n

                            XIII. Dise\u00f1o gr\u00e1fico irregular<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            1. Durante la galvanoplastia, los patrones desiguales provocan un chapado desigual. Esto afecta a la calidad.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                              \n\n\n\n

                              XIV. Cuando las coladas de cobre son grandes, utilice mallas para evitar huecos SMT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              1. Cuando el \u00e1rea de vertido de cobre es grande, utilice un patr\u00f3n de malla. Esto reduce la posibilidad de burbujas o delaminaci\u00f3n durante el reflujo SMT.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                \n\n\n\n

                                Defectos superficiales de la placa FPC y soluciones<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                                A continuaci\u00f3n enumero los defectos superficiales m\u00e1s comunes en Placas flexibles FPC<\/a> y dar causas y soluciones claras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                1. Burbujas entre pistas o en una pista despu\u00e9s del desarrollo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Causa principal:<\/strong> Las burbujas entre pistas o en una sola pista suelen producirse cuando la separaci\u00f3n entre pistas es demasiado estrecha y la altura de las pistas demasiado alta. Durante la serigraf\u00eda, la m\u00e1scara de soldadura no puede alcanzar el material base entre las pistas altas. El aire o la humedad se quedan entre la m\u00e1scara de soldadura y la base. Durante el curado y la exposici\u00f3n, el gas atrapado se expande y forma burbujas. Para una sola pista, la pista es demasiado alta. Cuando la rasqueta toca la pista en un \u00e1ngulo mayor, la m\u00e1scara de soldadura no puede alcanzar la ra\u00edz de la pista. El gas se queda entre la ra\u00edz de la pista y la m\u00e1scara de soldadura. El calor produce burbujas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Arr\u00e9glalo:<\/strong> Inspeccione durante la serigraf\u00eda. Aseg\u00farese de que la m\u00e1scara de soldadura cubre completamente la base y las paredes laterales de la pista. Controle estrictamente la corriente de galvanoplastia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                2. M\u00e1scara de soldadura en agujeros y peque\u00f1os defectos en el patr\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Causa principal:<\/strong> Cuando la serigraf\u00eda no se realiza a tiempo, la tinta residual se acumula en la pantalla. Bajo la presi\u00f3n de la racleta, la tinta sobrante puede introducirse en los agujeros. Si el n\u00famero de mallas de la pantalla es bajo, la tinta tambi\u00e9n puede introducirse en los agujeros. La suciedad en la fotom\u00e1scara hace que las zonas que deber\u00edan estar expuestas no lo est\u00e9n. Esto produce agujeros en el patr\u00f3n durante la exposici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Arr\u00e9glalo:<\/strong> Realice la serigraf\u00eda en el momento oportuno y utilice pantallas con mayor n\u00famero de mallas. Compruebe que la fotom\u00e1scara est\u00e9 limpia durante la exposici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                3. Oscurecimiento de las pistas de cobre bajo la m\u00e1scara de soldadura<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Causa principal:<\/strong> Despu\u00e9s de limpiar la placa, el agua no se sec\u00f3. La superficie de la placa se moj\u00f3 antes de la impresi\u00f3n de la m\u00e1scara de soldadura. O la mano o el dedo humano toc\u00f3 la placa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Arr\u00e9glalo:<\/strong> Durante la impresi\u00f3n serigr\u00e1fica, compruebe visualmente que las dos superficies de cobre no est\u00e9n oxidadas. Aseg\u00farese de que la placa est\u00e1 seca y limpia antes de imprimir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                4. Suciedad superficial y superficie irregular<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Causa principal:<\/strong> La suciedad procede del polvo y de las fibras que vuelan por el aire. La superficie irregular se produce cuando la pantalla no se limpia y la tinta sobrante se queda en la pantalla y se presiona contra el tablero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Arr\u00e9glalo:<\/strong> Mantenga una sala limpia y mantenga limpios a los operarios. Impida que las personas no esenciales entren en la sala limpia. Limpie la sala con frecuencia. Durante la serigraf\u00eda, imprima en papel con tiempo suficiente para eliminar la tinta residual de la pantalla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                5. Registro err\u00f3neo y grietas finas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Causa principal:<\/strong> Los errores de registro se producen cuando, durante la serigraf\u00eda, la placa no se fija firmemente. La tinta residual de la pantalla no se elimina a tiempo y se presiona sobre la placa siguiendo un patr\u00f3n, por lo que aparecen puntos cerca de las almohadillas. Las grietas finas se producen cuando la exposici\u00f3n es demasiado d\u00e9bil. La dosis de luz o el tiempo no son suficientes, por lo que se forman peque\u00f1as grietas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Arr\u00e9glalo:<\/strong> Utilice clavijas de alineaci\u00f3n para fijar la placa. Elimine la tinta residual de la pantalla imprimiendo a menudo sobre papel. Ajuste la exposici\u00f3n de modo que la energ\u00eda de la l\u00e1mpara y el tiempo de exposici\u00f3n proporcionen un buen nivel de exposici\u00f3n. Procure que el \u00edndice de exposici\u00f3n est\u00e9 en un rango adecuado para que no se formen grietas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                6. Diferencia de color entre dos caras y falta de impresi\u00f3n (manchas blancas)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                Causa principal:<\/strong> Los dos lados tienen diferentes raseros durante la impresi\u00f3n. O se mezclaron tintas viejas y nuevas. Por ejemplo, una cara utiliza tinta nueva removida y la otra, tinta vieja que se ha dejado durante mucho tiempo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                La falta de impresi\u00f3n o \u201cskip print\u201d se produce cuando la corriente de galvanoplastia es demasiado alta. La galvanoplastia construye la l\u00ednea demasiado alta. Durante la serigraf\u00eda, la gran altura de la l\u00ednea hace que la racleta no deposite tinta en los lados de la pista. Otra causa es que la rasqueta tenga una mella. La zona mellada no deposita tinta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Arr\u00e9glalo:<\/strong> Mantenga la misma cantidad de tinta en ambas caras. No mezcle tinta vieja y nueva. Controlar la corriente de barnizado. Compruebe si hay mellas en la hoja de la escobilla de goma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n\n\n\n

                                Breve resumen de comprobaciones clave para el dise\u00f1o y la fabricaci\u00f3n de FPC<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                1. Compruebe el solapamiento de la zapata y el solapamiento del agujero antes de realizar los datos de perforaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                2. Mantenga claro el uso de las capas y no abuse de la capa Board para l\u00edneas y anotaciones.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                3. Coloque el texto serigrafiado lejos de las almohadillas. Utilice tama\u00f1os legibles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                4. Marque claramente los orificios de las almohadillas de un solo lado o ajuste el tama\u00f1o de los orificios a cero.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                5. No dibuje los pads como bloques rellenos si necesita una m\u00e1scara de soldadura adecuada.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                6. Sea claro sobre los alivios t\u00e9rmicos y los vertidos de cobre. Evite el aislamiento involuntario.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                7. Documentar la pila de capas y el orden de construcci\u00f3n para el fabricante.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                8. Evite demasiadas \u00e1reas de relleno o l\u00edneas de relleno muy finas. Mantenga un tama\u00f1o de datos razonable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                9. Haga las pastillas SMD lo suficientemente largas para el acceso de prueba de la sonda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                10. Mantener un paso de malla de cobre grande razonable (>= 0,3 mm entre bordes).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                11. Mantenga las grandes zonas de cobre a una distancia m\u00ednima de 0,2 mm del borde de la placa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                12. Proporcione un esquema claro del tablero. No coloque varios contornos diferentes en distintas capas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                13. Equilibre la densidad del patr\u00f3n para evitar un chapado desigual.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                14. Utilice malla en grandes vertidos de cobre para evitar problemas de SMT.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  FPC Circuit Design \u2014 Common Problems I. Overlap of Pads II. Misuse of Graphic Layers III. Random Placement of Silkscreen 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