{"id":4981,"date":"2026-05-28T09:29:38","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T09:29:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4981"},"modified":"2026-05-28T09:29:40","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T09:29:40","slug":"ceramic-pcb-design-manufacturing-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fa\/ceramic-pcb-design-manufacturing-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"Types<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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HTCC \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u2014\u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u062f\u0646\u2014\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06f1\u06f6\u06f0\u06f0\u2013\u06f1\u06f7\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc\u0645.\u00a0\u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. HTCC \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u062e\u062a \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0636 \u06f1\u06f5\u2013\u06f2\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc CAM \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.\u00a0\u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc HTCC \u0627\u0641\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 HTCC \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f (\u062a\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647) \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0647\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0637\/\u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u067e\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 (LTCC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

LTCC \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f9\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u2014\u0637\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc-\u067e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u2014\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc-\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.\u00a0\u067e\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. LTCC \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 HTCC \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f (\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 0.1\u20130.2% \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0636)\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0645: \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc 75 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0633\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u067e\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 ENIG (\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a)<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc. LTCC \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc RF \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647\u0654 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc (\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0646)<\/th>CTE (\u067e\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0645\/\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f)<\/th>\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9<\/th>\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc (\u00b0C)<\/th>\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0654 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06f9\u06f6\u06f1\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u06cc\u06f3\u062a\u06cc<\/td>\u06f2\u06f0\u2013\u06f2\u06f4<\/td>\u06f6.\u06f5\u2013\u06f7.\u06f0<\/td>9.4<\/td>350<\/td>\u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc LED\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/td><\/tr>
\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06f9\u06f9.\u06f6\u06f1TP3T<\/td>\u06f2\u06f8\u2013\u06f3\u06f0<\/td>7.0<\/td>9.8<\/td>350<\/td>\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc RF\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u067e<\/td><\/tr>
\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0440\u0438\u0434 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 (AlN)<\/td>\u06f1\u06f7\u06f0\u2013\u06f2\u06f3\u06f0<\/td>4.5<\/td>8.8<\/td>400<\/td>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc GaN \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0645 (BeO)<\/td>260<\/td>6.4<\/td>6.7<\/td>450<\/td>\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc (\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u2014\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f (SiC)<\/td>\u06f1\u06f2\u06f0-\u06f2\u06f7\u06f0<\/td>4.0<\/td>40<\/td>800+<\/td>\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 96% \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. AlN \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06f5\u06f0 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f2\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.\u00a0\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 96% \u0648 99.6% \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc 4\u00d74 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0686 \u0648 6\u00d78 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0686 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc AlN \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

FR-4 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 0.25 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631-\u06a9\u0650\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (24 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631-\u06a9\u0650\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0646) 96 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a 170\u2013230 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631-\u06a9\u0650\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u062e\u0634\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0654 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u06f2 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u06f0\u066b\u06f3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06f5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0631\u0648\u06cc FR-4 \u062f\u0627\u063a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0633\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc HTCC \u0648 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06f3\u06f5\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc SiC \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f8\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062a FR-4 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc (Tg) \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f0 \u062a\u0627 \u06f1\u06f7\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f.\u00a0\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc PCB \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0686\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0634\u06a9 \u0648 \u062d\u0633\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u067e\u0648\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627 CTE \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0686\u06cc\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f2\u066b\u06f6 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u067e \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0639 (LCCC) \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06f6\u2013\u06f7 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. FR-4 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06f1\u06f4\u2013\u06f1\u06f7 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.\u00a0\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 PCB \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc 6.5 ppm\/\u00b0C \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9-LCCC \u062f\u0631 2000 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc (\u221255\u00b0C \u062a\u0627 +125\u00b0C) \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc FR-4 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 500 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f2\u06f0 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u0698\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u06f2\u06f0 \u06af\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc LTCC \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc FR-4 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f9\u06f0\u066a \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.\u00a0\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062f\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06af\u0627\u067e\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0644). \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f IPC-TM-650 <\/a>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062e\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0627 0.06 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc LTCC \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 (\u062e\u0637\/\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 75 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u200c\u067e\u062e\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a pasive\u2014\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u2014\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.\u00a0\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f LTCC \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc FR-4 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"High\u2011Density<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 PCB \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc: \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

FR-4: 0.25 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u00b7\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a (MCPCB) (\u067e\u0634\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u06cc): 1\u20132 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u00b7\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.\u00a0\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627: 24 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 LED \u06f1\u06f0 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc MCPCB \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f2\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f\u061b \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 LED \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 96% (100 \u00d7 80 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u06cc (\u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 100 \u0639\u062f\u062f) \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f $0.8\u20131.2\/cm\u00b2 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 FR-4 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 $0.10\/cm\u00b2 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u062e\u0634\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u06f5\u06f0 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0633\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc: \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06f1\u06f5\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0686\u06cc\u067e \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f RF \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06f5 \u06af\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\/\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0633\u06cc\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c MCPCB \u06cc\u0627 FR-4 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 PCB \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f HTCC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9 \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0686\u0627\u067e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06a9 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. \u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06a9 \u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06f3\u06f2 \u062a\u0627 \u06f4\u06f8 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06f1\u06f6\u06f0\u06f0\u2013\u06f1\u06f7\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646\u2013\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0648\u0632\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. \u067e\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc (ENIG\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc) \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f LTCC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u2013\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06f9\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627. \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u06f0\u066b\u06f1 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06a9 (\u0637\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645) \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06f8\u06f5\u06f0\u2013\u06f1\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0654 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0645\u0633\u06cc \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u067e\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u06a9 \u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      6. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645: \u062e\u0637\/\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u06f1\u06f2\u06f5 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u06f0\u066b\u06f3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u06f4 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0633 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06f1\u06f0\u2013\u06f1\u06f5 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0645\u0633 \u0622\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 (DPC) \u0648 \u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 (DCB)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0631\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u200c\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. DPC \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f. DCB \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u06cc (0.1\u20130.3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 AlN \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0686\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f.\u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 DPC \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc LED \u0648 \u0627\u0632 DCB \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc IGBT \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0627 \u06f3\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0646\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06f4\u00d7\u06f4 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0686\u060c \u06f5\u00d7\u06f5 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0686\u060c \u06f6\u00d7\u06f8 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0686 \u0648 \u06f8\u00d7\u06f1\u06f0 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0686 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06f1 \u062a\u0627 \u06f6 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc HTCC\/LTCC \u062a\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 LTCC \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\/\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc 75 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 HTCC \u0628\u0647 100 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0645. \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 ENIG\u060c ENEPIG\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc PCB \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0686\u06a9\u200c\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a DFM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0632\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"Ceramic<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f.\u00a0\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06f2\u066b\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06f0\u066b\u06f5 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u067e\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u062f SMD \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06a9 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06f3 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06f0\u066b\u06f1\u06f5 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc BGA \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u06f2\u066b\u06f5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06f1\u06f5\u06f0\u2013\u06f1\u06f7\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06f9\u06f0 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u062c \u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0644\u0648 \u06f2\u06f4\u06f5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u0639 SAC305 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.\u00a0 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06f4\u06f5\u2013\u06f6\u06f0 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06f2\u06f1\u06f7 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u063a \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc THT \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0632 \u0634\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a) \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af BGA \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 (under-fill) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 ESD \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0644\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u061b \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0634 \u0628\u067e\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648 \u0631\u062f\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc RF<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 (\u06f9.\u06f4\u2013\u06f9.\u06f8) \u0628\u0627 FR-4 (\u06f4.\u06f5) \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00a0\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc FR-4. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u067e \u06f5\u06f0 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc 96% \u0628\u0627 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u06f0\u066b\u06f6\u06f3\u06f5 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f0\u066b\u06f6 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc stack-up \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u067e\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0627 \u06f2\u06f0 \u06af\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u067e\u062e\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u200c\u067e\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0632\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc BGA \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc PCB\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 DDR \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc LTCC \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06f6\u06f4 \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\/\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 (RF)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0648 AlN \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u06cc 0.06 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0622\u0646\u062a\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc 50 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f AlN \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0623 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 HTCC\/LTCC\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u06f3\u06f0 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0654 \u067e\u0633\u06cc\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0634\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06a9 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc FR-4 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u06f7\u06f0\u06f1TP3T \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u06f5 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06af\/\u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f ADC \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 LTCC\u060c \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06af \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc FR-4 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f9\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645. \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u06f1\u06f2 \u062f\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0634\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u06f3\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc HTCC \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0646\u062b\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0698 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f DCB \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0 \u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06f2\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc IATF 16949 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc LED \u067e\u0631\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u06cc\u06a9 LED \u06f1\u06f0 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06f1\u06f2\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 LED \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f MCPCB \u0628\u0647 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 PCB \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc: \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 96%\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c 100\u00d780 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 ENIG: $8-12\/\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc 100 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 96%\u060c \u0645\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645: $10\u201315\/\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc LTCC \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647: $25\u201140\/pc (\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0628\u0631\u062f DPC \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc LED: $1\u20132 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648) \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b $500\u20131,000 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 (MOQ)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc LTCC \u0648 HTCC\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06f5\u06f0 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u200c\u067e\u062e\u062a. \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u062f\u0648\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645: \u06f1\u06f0\u2013\u06f1\u06f2 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc (\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u06cc)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06f4 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 LTCC: \u06f1\u06f8\u2013\u06f2\u06f0 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f: \u06f1\u06f5 \u062a\u0627 \u06f2\u06f5 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc: \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u06f5 \u062a\u0627 \u06f7 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            \u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u06f2\u06f4 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u200c\u0622\u067e \u0634\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u201c\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u201d \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 IPC-6012 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            \u0645\u0627 PCB\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f IPC-6012 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06f3 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645. \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06f3 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc 100% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06f6 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u2212\u06f6\u06f5\u00b0C \u062a\u0627 +\u06f1\u06f5\u06f0\u00b0C \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648-\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645.\u00a0\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 0.050 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • \u0641\u0644\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06f2\u06f8\u06f8 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06f1\u06f0 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647: \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f5 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06f1.\u06f5 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 NaCl.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u06f5\u06f0\u06f0 \u0648\u0644\u062a DC \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u06f1\u06f5\u06f0\u06f0 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u200c\u067e\u062e\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc ISO 9001 \u0648 IATF 16949 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc RoHS \u0648 REACH \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 LTCC \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0686\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062f:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0654 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647\u0654 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u00d7\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u067e\u062e\u062a. \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06f4 \u062a\u0627 \u06f6 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 RF \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u0628\u0644\u0647. \u0642\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f ENIG\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0647\u2013\u067e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0686\u0633\u0628\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc LTCC \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u062f\u0647\u0627 ENIG \u0622\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 96% \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 9.4\u20139.8 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c AlN \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 8.8 \u0648 BeO \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 6.7. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc RF\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 FR-4 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc (PCB) \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0648 AlN \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06f3\u06f5\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc SiC \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f8\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f (\u0637\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 DC \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f) \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0698\u0634\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 PCB \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u06a9\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 PCB \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 0.25 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c 0.38 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c 0.5 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c 0.635 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648 1.0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0627 2.0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 FR-4 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d \u06f5 \u062a\u0627 \u06f3\u06f0 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 FR-4 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u0622\u06cc\u0627 PCB\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u0628\u0644\u0647. HTCC \u0648 LTCC \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06f4 \u062a\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u06cc\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc PCB (\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u060c AlN \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647) \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 FR-4 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • CTE \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f: \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u060c LTCC \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u062a\/RF\u060c HTCC \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 DFM \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f: \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06f2 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc IPC-6012 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06f3 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

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                  What Is a Ceramic PCB? 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