{"id":1915,"date":"2025-08-25T02:14:28","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T02:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=1915"},"modified":"2025-09-25T07:23:07","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T07:23:07","slug":"hdi-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/pcb-manufacturer\/hdi-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"Luotettava HDI PCB suunnittelu ja valmistus"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1915\" class=\"elementor elementor-1915\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c325e24 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c325e24\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ce50fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ce50fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"101\">Mik\u00e4 on HDI PCB<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">HDI-piirilevy on eritt\u00e4in tihe\u00e4 piirilevy. Siin\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n mikrosokeita ja upotettuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4. N\u00e4iss\u00e4 levyiss\u00e4 on suuri linjatiheys. Niiss\u00e4 on sis\u00e4kerroksen j\u00e4lki\u00e4 ja ulkokerroksen j\u00e4lki\u00e4. Niiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n my\u00f6s porattuja reiki\u00e4 ja pinnoitettuja reiki\u00e4 kerrosten v\u00e4listen johtojen yhdist\u00e4miseen. Kun elektroniikkatuotteet pienenev\u00e4t ja tarkentuvat, valmistajat vaativat tihe\u00e4mpi\u00e4 piirilevyj\u00e4. Paras tapa lis\u00e4t\u00e4 piirilevyjen tiheytt\u00e4 on v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 l\u00e4pivientireikien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 ja lis\u00e4t\u00e4 hyvin sijoitettuja sokeita ja upotettuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tarve johti HDI-piirilevyihin.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2703 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb.webp\" alt=\"hdi pcb\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb-300x225.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"626\">IPC:n m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"627\" data-end=\"681\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electronics.org\/TOC\/IPC-2226A.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IPC-2226<\/a> antaa selke\u00e4n s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6n sokeille ja upotetuille l\u00e4pivienneille:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<li data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"734\">\n<p data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"734\">L\u00e4piviennin tai upotetun l\u00e4piviennin halkaisija \u2264 0,15 mm (0,00591 tuumaa).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"781\">\n<p data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"781\">Rengasrenkaan halkaisija \u2264 0,35 mm (0,0138 tuumaa).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"782\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<p data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"1035\">N\u00e4m\u00e4 l\u00e4piviennit voidaan tehd\u00e4 laser- tai mekaanisella porauksella, kuiva-\/m\u00e4rk\u00e4etsauksella tai kuvionsiirrolla. T\u00e4m\u00e4n j\u00e4lkeen reik\u00e4 peitet\u00e4\u00e4n johtavalla pinnoitteella.<br \/>Huomautus: Jos rei\u00e4n halkaisija on &gt; 0,15 mm (0,00591 tuumaa), k\u00e4sittele sit\u00e4 l\u00e4pireik\u00e4n\u00e4 saman standardin mukaisesti.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1069\">HDI:n yleiset porauskoot<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1183\">HDI:n yleiset l\u00e4pivientikoot ovat 3-5 millimetri\u00e4. Suunnittelijat k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t useimmiten 4 millimetri\u00e4 keskimm\u00e4isen\u00e4 arvona suunnittelussa ja tuotannossa.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1221\">HDI:ss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4t yleiset IPC-standardit<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1222\" data-end=\"1265\">Tyypillisi\u00e4 IPC-standardeja HDI-ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 ovat:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1351\">\n<p data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1351\">IPC\/JPCA-2315 - Opas suuritiheyksisille liit\u00e4nt\u00e4rakenteille ja mikroliit\u00e4nt\u00f6jen suunnittelulle.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1441\">\n<p data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1441\">IPC-2226 - Suunnittelustandardi HDI-piirilevyille (high density interconnect).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1545\">\n<p data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1545\">IPC\/JPCA-4104 - HDI-rakenteiden dielektristen materiaalien validointia ja suorituskyky\u00e4 koskevat eritelm\u00e4t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1546\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<p data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1627\">IPC-6016 - HDI-rakenteiden kelpoisuus- ja suorituskykyspesifikaatio.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1632\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1668\">HDI-reititys: haasteita ja vinkkej\u00e4<\/h1>\n<h2 data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1695\">Mit\u00e4 HDI-reititys tarkoittaa<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"2034\">HDI-reititys tarkoittaa uusimpien suunnitteluideoiden ja valmistusmenetelmien k\u00e4ytt\u00e4mist\u00e4 tihe\u00e4mm\u00e4n asettelun aikaansaamiseksi muuttamatta piirin toimintaa. Lyhyesti sanottuna HDI:ss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n enemm\u00e4n reitityskerroksia, pienempi\u00e4 johtoja, pienempi\u00e4 l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4, pienempi\u00e4 tyynyj\u00e4 ja ohuempia ytimi\u00e4. N\u00e4in monimutkaiset ja usein nopeat piirit saadaan mahtumaan tiloihin, jotka eiv\u00e4t aiemmin olleet mahdollisia.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2381\">Kun valmistusmenetelm\u00e4t paranevat, HDI-reititys n\u00e4kyy monissa malleissa. HDI-ohjaus l\u00f6ytyy emolevyist\u00e4, n\u00e4yt\u00f6nohjaimista, puhelimista ja muista laitteista, joissa on v\u00e4h\u00e4n tilaa. Jos teet HDI:n oikein, voit pienent\u00e4\u00e4 piirilevyn kokoa ja v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s piirilevyn EMI-ongelmia. Kustannusten alentaminen on monien yritysten keskeinen tavoite. HDI-reititys auttaa saavuttamaan t\u00e4m\u00e4n tavoitteen.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2411\">HDI-reititys ja mikroviat<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2412\" data-end=\"2575\">HDI-reititys on monimutkaisempi kuin tavallinen monikerroksinen reititys. Osaat ehk\u00e4 suunnitella 8- tai 16-kerroksisia piirilevyj\u00e4. Silti HDI tuo mukanaan uusia ideoita, jotka sinun on opittava.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">Tavallisessa piirilevyss\u00e4 koko piirilevy\u00e4 tarkastellaan yhten\u00e4 kappaleena, jossa on useita kerroksia. HDI:ss\u00e4 suunnittelijoiden on ajateltava monia eritt\u00e4in ohuita kerroksia, jotka on pinottu yhdeksi levyksi. HDI:n reitityksen t\u00e4rkein tekij\u00e4 on l\u00e4pivientitekniikka. L\u00e4piviennit eiv\u00e4t ole en\u00e4\u00e4 vain valmiin pinon l\u00e4pi porattuja pinnoitettuja reiki\u00e4. Perinteiset l\u00e4pivientirei\u00e4t v\u00e4hent\u00e4v\u00e4t reititykseen k\u00e4ytett\u00e4viss\u00e4 olevaa tilaa kullakin kerroksella.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2702 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias-300x207.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"2982\">Perinteiset l\u00e4piviennit eiv\u00e4t sovi HDI:lle<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3410\">HDI-reitityksess\u00e4 mikroviat ovat avainasemassa. Niiden avulla monet tihe\u00e4t kerrokset voidaan yhdist\u00e4\u00e4 toisiinsa. Mikroviat n\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t sokeilta tai upotetuilta l\u00e4pivienneilt\u00e4, mutta ne toimivat eri menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4. Perinteiset l\u00e4piviennit porataan kerrosten pinoamisen j\u00e4lkeen. Mikroviat porataan laserilla kerroksiin ennen pinoamista. Laserporatut mikroviat mahdollistavat pienimm\u00e4t reik\u00e4koot ja alustakoot kerrosten v\u00e4lill\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 auttaa <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> fan-out-asettelut, joissa nastat ovat ruudukossa.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3412\" data-end=\"3437\">HDI-reititysstrategiat<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3438\" data-end=\"3697\">Microviasilla piirilevysuunnittelijat voivat reititt\u00e4\u00e4 monimutkaisia verkkoja monilla kerroksilla. T\u00e4t\u00e4 menetelm\u00e4\u00e4 kutsutaan toisinaan \u201cmink\u00e4 tahansa kerroksen HDI:ksi\u201d tai \u201ckerroksittaiseksi liit\u00e4nn\u00e4ksi\u201d. Koska mikroviat s\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4v\u00e4t tilaa, molemmissa ulommissa kerroksissa voi olla tiheit\u00e4 osia, kun taas suurin osa reitityksest\u00e4 tapahtuu sisemmiss\u00e4 kerroksissa.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3699\" data-end=\"3739\">Matalaimpedanssiset maatasot ovat elint\u00e4rkeit\u00e4<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3971\">Kun osat ja j\u00e4ljet tiivistyv\u00e4t monikerroksisessa levyss\u00e4, EMI:n ja magneettisen kytkeytymisen riski kasvaa. HDI-suunnittelussa on varmistettava, ett\u00e4 pinossa on oikea rakenne. Tarjoa riitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti maatasoja matalaimpedanssisten paluureittien aikaansaamiseksi.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3973\" data-end=\"4223\">Aseta sis\u00e4iset reitityskerrokset maadoitus- tai tehokerrosten v\u00e4liin ristikytkenn\u00e4n ja ristikk\u00e4is\u00e4\u00e4nen v\u00e4hent\u00e4miseksi. Pid\u00e4 nopeat signaalireitit lyhyin\u00e4 ja niiden paluureitit my\u00f6s lyhyin\u00e4. Suunnittele mikroviat niin, ett\u00e4 ne rajoittavat signaalireitit pienelle alueelle. T\u00e4m\u00e4 v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 EMI-riski\u00e4.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4225\" data-end=\"4304\">K\u00e4yt\u00e4 turvallisuuden vuoksi asianmukaisia simulointity\u00f6kaluja HDI PCB:n mallintamiseen ennen tuotantoa.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4306\" data-end=\"4309\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4311\" data-end=\"4338\">HDI PCB:n t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t edut<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4339\" data-end=\"4522\">Monet ihmiset haluavat pienent\u00e4\u00e4 tuotteen kokoa. Yksi parhaista tavoista on k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 HDI PCB:t\u00e4. Kun tarvitset v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n painoa ja pienemp\u00e4\u00e4 kokoa, mutta s\u00e4ilyt\u00e4t toiminnan ja luotettavuuden, HDI on hyv\u00e4 ratkaisu.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4524\" data-end=\"4537\">T\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t edut:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4689\">\n<p data-start=\"4540\" data-end=\"4689\">HDI mahdollistaa pad-in-pad- ja blind-k\u00e4yt\u00f6n. N\u00e4in osat asettuvat l\u00e4helle toisiaan ja j\u00e4ljen pituus lyhenee. Lyhyemm\u00e4t j\u00e4ljet merkitsev\u00e4t usein nopeampia ja luotettavampia signaaleja.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4690\" data-end=\"4825\">\n<p data-start=\"4692\" data-end=\"4825\">N\u00e4m\u00e4 levyt voivat tarjota hyv\u00e4n suorituskyvyn kohtuulliseen hintaan. HDI on edullinen valinta ihmisille, jotka tarvitsevat luotettavaa ja kest\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 elektroniikkaa.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4826\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<p data-start=\"4828\" data-end=\"4961\">Jos haluat p\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4\u00e4, sopiiko HDI-projektiisi, tutustu tarkemmin niihin ja niiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n. Tunne tavallisten piirilevyjen ja HDI-piirilevyjen erot.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4963\" data-end=\"4966\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4968\" data-end=\"4999\">Miss\u00e4 HDI PCB:t\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n nyky\u00e4\u00e4n<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5000\" data-end=\"5058\">Etujensa vuoksi HDI PCB:t\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n monilla aloilla.<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<li data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5305\">\n<p data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5305\">L\u00e4\u00e4kinn\u00e4lliset laitteet - Monien l\u00e4\u00e4ketieteellisten ty\u00f6kalujen on oltava pieni\u00e4. Laboratoriolaitteet ja implantit tarvitsevat usein pieni\u00e4 levyj\u00e4. HDI auttaa t\u00e4ss\u00e4. Syd\u00e4mentahdistin on hyv\u00e4 esimerkki. My\u00f6s monissa seuranta- ja anturiv\u00e4lineiss\u00e4, kuten endoskoopeissa, k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n HDI:t\u00e4. N\u00e4iss\u00e4 tapauksissa pienempi on parempi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5307\" data-end=\"5431\">\n<p data-start=\"5310\" data-end=\"5431\">Autot - Autot k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t tilaa hyvin. Joidenkin autojen elektroniikka pienenee. HDI auttaa pienent\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n kokoa s\u00e4ilytt\u00e4en samalla toiminnot.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5433\" data-end=\"5537\">\n<p data-start=\"5436\" data-end=\"5537\">Mobiililaitteet - Tabletit ja puhelimet k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t HDI:t\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi n\u00e4m\u00e4 laitteet muuttuvat ohuemmiksi kehittyess\u00e4\u00e4n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5539\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<p data-start=\"5542\" data-end=\"5687\">Ilmailu- ja avaruusala sek\u00e4 puolustusala - N\u00e4ill\u00e4 aloilla k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n HDI:t\u00e4 sen luotettavuuden ja pienen koon vuoksi. HDI:t\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n yh\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n, kun uusissa malleissa tarvitaan kompakteja ja vakaita piirilevyj\u00e4.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">Monet muut alat k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t tulevaisuudessa enemm\u00e4n HDI:t\u00e4.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2704 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp 420w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5741\" data-end=\"5744\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"5746\" data-end=\"5780\">Mik\u00e4 tekee HDI PCB:st\u00e4 HDI PCB:n?<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5781\" data-end=\"6033\">HDI-piirilevyss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n sokeaa l\u00e4pivientipinnoitusta ja sitten toista laminointivaihetta. N\u00e4m\u00e4 levyt voivat olla ensimm\u00e4isen tason, toisen tason, kolmannen tason ja korkeamman tason levyj\u00e4. Valmistajat rakentavat HDI-levyt yleens\u00e4 laminointivaiheiden mukaan. Mit\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n laminointivaiheita, sit\u00e4 korkeampi tekninen taso.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<li data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6084\">\n<p data-start=\"6037\" data-end=\"6084\">Perus HDI-levyiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n usein yht\u00e4 laminointivaihetta.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6085\" data-end=\"6138\">\n<p data-start=\"6087\" data-end=\"6138\">Korkeamman tason HDI:ss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n kahta tai useampaa laminointivaihetta.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6139\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<p data-start=\"6141\" data-end=\"6248\">Korkean tason HDI-piireiss\u00e4 voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 pinottuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4, pinnoitettuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4, suoraa laserporausta ja muita kehittyneit\u00e4 menetelmi\u00e4.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6250\" data-end=\"6314\">Seuraavaksi kerromme yleisimmist\u00e4 kerrospinoista ja siit\u00e4, miten tuottajat rakentavat niit\u00e4.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6316\" data-end=\"6319\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6321\" data-end=\"6359\">Yksinkertainen yksikerroksinen HDI (esimerkki)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6360\" data-end=\"6700\">Yksinkertainen yksikerroksinen HDI-levy voi olla 6-kerroksinen levy, jossa on 1+4+1-pino. T\u00e4m\u00e4 levy on yksinkertainen. Sisimm\u00e4isess\u00e4 monikerroksisessa levyss\u00e4 ei ole upotettuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4. Yksi laminointi viimeistelee levyn. Valmistus on samanlainen kuin tavallisilla monikerroksisilla yksikerroksisilla levytyksill\u00e4. Laminoinnin j\u00e4lkeen tarvitaan kuitenkin viel\u00e4 laserporausta sokeille l\u00e4pivienneille ja muita vaiheita.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6702\" data-end=\"6705\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6707\" data-end=\"6749\">Normaali yksikerroksinen HDI (yleinen tapaus)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6750\" data-end=\"7221\">Tavallinen yksikerroksinen HDI on rakenteeltaan (1 + N + 1), jossa N \u2265 2 ja N on parillinen. Esimerkiksi yksikerroksisessa 6-kerroksisessa HDI:ss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n rakennetta 1+4+1. T\u00e4m\u00e4 rakenne on yksikerroksisen HDI:n yleinen rakenne. Monikerroksisessa sis\u00e4kerroksessa on usein piilotettuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4, jotka vaativat toisen laminointivaiheen viimeistely\u00e4. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 yksikerroksisessa laminaattityypiss\u00e4 on usein sokeita l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4 ja upotettuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4. Jos suunnittelijat pystyv\u00e4t muuttamaan t\u00e4m\u00e4n tyypin edell\u00e4 esitetyksi yksinkertaiseksi yksikerroksiseksi muodoksi, sek\u00e4 ostaja ett\u00e4 toimittaja hy\u00f6tyv\u00e4t.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7223\" data-end=\"7226\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7228\" data-end=\"7270\">Normaali kaksikerroksinen HDI (yleinen tapaus)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7271\" data-end=\"7697\">Tavallinen kaksikerroksinen HDI-piiri voi olla 8-kerroksinen piirilevy, jossa on 1+1+4+1+1+1 pino. T\u00e4m\u00e4 pino on (1+1+N+1+1+1), kun N \u2265 2 ja parillinen. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on piirilevyteollisuuden yleisin kaksikerroksinen rakenne. Sisimm\u00e4isess\u00e4 monikerroksessa on haudattuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4, jotka vaativat kolme laminointivaihetta. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tyypiss\u00e4 ei useinkaan ole porrastettuja l\u00e4pivientipinoja. Jos upotetut l\u00e4piviennit voidaan vaihtaa kerroksista 3-6 kerroksiin 2-7, voidaan v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 yht\u00e4 laminointivaihetta ja alentaa kustannuksia.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7699\" data-end=\"7702\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7704\" data-end=\"7740\">Toinen yleinen kaksoislaminaatti HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7741\" data-end=\"8283\">T\u00e4m\u00e4 tyyppi k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s (1+1+N+1+1+1). Vaikka kyseess\u00e4 on kaksikerrosrakenne, piilotettu l\u00e4pivienti sijaitsee eri paikassa - kerrosten 2 ja 7 v\u00e4liss\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 muutos voi v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 laminointivaiheita kolmesta kahteen. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 rakenteessa on kuitenkin yksi vaikea kohta: se voi luoda sokeita l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4 kerroksista 1-3. Ne on jaettava kahteen sarjaan (1-2 ja 2-3) ja 2-3:n sis\u00e4iset sokeat l\u00e4piviennit on teht\u00e4v\u00e4 l\u00e4pivientit\u00e4yt\u00f6ll\u00e4. Via-t\u00e4ytt\u00f6 lis\u00e4\u00e4 kustannuksia ja vaikeuksia. Yrit\u00e4 siis suunnittelun aikana v\u00e4ltt\u00e4\u00e4 pinottuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4 ja vaihda 1-3 sokeat l\u00e4piviennit porrastettuihin 1-2 ja 2-3 sokeisiin ja haudattuihin l\u00e4pivienteihin.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8285\" data-end=\"8288\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8290\" data-end=\"8348\">Harvinainen kaksikerroksinen HDI, jossa on ristikerroksen sokeat l\u00e4piviennit.<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8349\" data-end=\"8842\">Er\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 harvinaisessa kaksikerroksisessa HDI 6-kerroslevyss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n 1+1+2+1+1+1. Siin\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n edelleen (1+1+N+1+1+1) -ideaa, kun N \u2265 2 ja parillinen. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 mallissa on poikkikerroksisia sokeita l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4. Sokea l\u00e4pivienti kasvaa - 1-3-syvyinen sokea l\u00e4pivienti on kaksi kertaa syvempi kuin normaali 1-2-syvyinen sokea l\u00e4pivienti. Asiakkailla, jotka valitsevat t\u00e4m\u00e4n rakenteen, on erityistarpeita, eiv\u00e4tk\u00e4 he halua, ett\u00e4 sokea l\u00e4pivienti jakautuu pinottuihin l\u00e4pivienteihin. N\u00e4it\u00e4 ristikk\u00e4iskerroksen sokeaa l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4 on vaikea porata laserilla. My\u00f6s kuparin laskeutuminen ja pinnoittaminen n\u00e4in syviin sokeisiin l\u00e4pivienteihin on vaikeaa.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8844\" data-end=\"8847\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8849\" data-end=\"8898\">Kaksoislaminaatti-HDI:n pinottu sokea l\u00e4pivienti -rakenne<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8899\" data-end=\"9278\">On olemassa tyyppi, jossa kerroksissa 2-7 olevat upotetut l\u00e4piviennit tarvitsevat niiden yl\u00e4puolella pinottuja sokeita l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on edelleen (1+1+N+1+1+1)-rakenne. Joissakin kaksikerroksisissa HDI-levyiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n t\u00e4t\u00e4 menetelm\u00e4\u00e4. Sisimm\u00e4ss\u00e4 monikerroksisessa levyss\u00e4 on upotettuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4, ja se tarvitsee kaksi laminointivaihetta. Keskeist\u00e4 on, ett\u00e4 pinottu l\u00e4pivientirakenne lis\u00e4\u00e4 vaikeutta. Kun l\u00e4piviennit sijoitetaan kerroksiin 2-7, yksi laminointivaihe j\u00e4\u00e4 v\u00e4hemm\u00e4lle ja kustannuksia s\u00e4\u00e4styy.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9280\" data-end=\"9283\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9285\" data-end=\"9338\">Ristikerroksinen sokea l\u00e4pivientisuunnittelu kaksikerroksisessa HDI:ss\u00e4<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"9339\" data-end=\"9875\">Toinen kaksikerroksinen (1+1+N+1+1+1) rakenne sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 ristikerroksen sokeat l\u00e4piviennit. T\u00e4m\u00e4 rakenne on vaikeampi valmistaa, ja joiltakin HDI-valmistajilta puuttuu taitoa. Sis\u00e4isess\u00e4 monikerroksisessa mallissa on upotettuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4 kerroksissa 3-6, ja se vaatii kolme laminointivaihetta. Suurin ongelma on ristikk\u00e4isten sokeiden l\u00e4pivientien suunnittelu. Jos 1-3 kerroksen l\u00e4piviennit voidaan jakaa 1-2 ja 2-3 sokeiksi l\u00e4pivienneiksi, kustannukset laskevat ja prosessi yksinkertaistuu. Huomautus: t\u00e4m\u00e4 jako eroaa aiemmin selitetyst\u00e4 pinotun l\u00e4piviennin jaosta. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 jaossa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n porrastettuja sokeat l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4 pinottujen sokeiden l\u00e4pivientien sijasta.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9877\" data-end=\"9880\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9882\" data-end=\"9897\">HDI-tasot<\/h1>\n<ul data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<li data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"9974\">\n<p data-start=\"9900\" data-end=\"9974\">Ensimm\u00e4isen tason (1. asteen) HDI on yksinkertainen. Prosessi ja valvonta ovat helpompia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9975\" data-end=\"10042\">\n<p data-start=\"9977\" data-end=\"10042\">Toisen tason HDI on monimutkaisempi tuotannossa ja valmistuksessa.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10043\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<p data-start=\"10045\" data-end=\"10118\">Kolmannen tason ja sit\u00e4 korkeammat s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6t noudattavat toisen tason s\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00f6j\u00e4, mutta ovat monimutkaisempia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"10120\" data-end=\"10123\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"10125\" data-end=\"10167\">HDI:n ja tavallisten PCB:iden v\u00e4liset erot<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"10168\" data-end=\"10482\">HDI-levyt valmistetaan usein laminointitekniikalla k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en ohuita ydinmateriaaleja. Mit\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n laminointeja, sit\u00e4 korkeampi prosessitaso. Useimmissa HDI-levyiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n yht\u00e4 laminointia. Korkean tason HDI-levyiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n kahta tai useampaa laminointitekniikkaa ja lis\u00e4ksi k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n kehittyneit\u00e4 menetelmi\u00e4, kuten pinottuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4, pinnoitettuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4 ja laserilla teht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 suoraa porausta.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10484\" data-end=\"10746\">Kun piirilevyn suhteellinen tiheys on suurempi kuin kahdeksankerroksisen levyn, sen valmistaminen HDI:ll\u00e4 maksaa usein v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n kuin monimutkainen perinteinen laminointi ja puristus. HDI-levyjen mekaaninen lujuus ja signaalitarkkuus ovat usein suurempia kuin perinteisten piirilevyjen.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10748\" data-end=\"10792\">Muut HDI:n parannukset tavallisiin PCB:hen verrattuna:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<li data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10843\">\n<p data-start=\"10795\" data-end=\"10843\">Parempi suorituskyky mikroaalto- ja RF-signaaleille.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10844\" data-end=\"10914\">\n<p data-start=\"10846\" data-end=\"10914\">Parempi radioh\u00e4iri\u00f6iden ja s\u00e4hk\u00f6staattisen purkauksen kest\u00e4vyys.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10915\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<p data-start=\"10917\" data-end=\"10940\">Parempi l\u00e4mm\u00f6n johtuminen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"10942\" data-end=\"11053\">Suuritiheyksinen integrointi (HDI) mahdollistaa lopputuotteiden pienemm\u00e4n koon ja vakioidumman toiminnan ja suorituskyvyn.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"11055\" data-end=\"11058\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11060\" data-end=\"11100\">Yksinkertaisia neuvoja suunnittelijoille ja ostajille<\/h1>\n<ol data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<li data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11162\">\n<p data-start=\"11104\" data-end=\"11162\">K\u00e4yt\u00e4 HDI:t\u00e4, kun tarvitset pienemp\u00e4\u00e4 kokoa ja parempaa suorituskyky\u00e4.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11163\" data-end=\"11245\">\n<p data-start=\"11166\" data-end=\"11245\">Keskustele piirilevyjen toimittajan kanssa ajoissa. HDI tarvitsee DFM-tarkastuksia (Design-for-Manufacture).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11246\" data-end=\"11315\">\n<p data-start=\"11249\" data-end=\"11315\">Kysy IPC-pohjaisia tietoja. K\u00e4yt\u00e4 mahdollisuuksien mukaan IPC-2226- ja IPC-6016-standardeja.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11316\" data-end=\"11386\">\n<p data-start=\"11319\" data-end=\"11386\">Suunnittele pinoamiset, joissa on riitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti maatasoja, jotta paluureitit pysyv\u00e4t lyhyin\u00e4.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11387\" data-end=\"11476\">\n<p data-start=\"11390\" data-end=\"11476\">K\u00e4yt\u00e4 microvia-kokoja, jotka vastaavat piirilevytalon valmiuksia. Yleinen: 3-5 mil, usein 4 mil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11477\" data-end=\"11569\">\n<p data-start=\"11480\" data-end=\"11569\">Yrit\u00e4 v\u00e4ltt\u00e4\u00e4 pinottuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4, ellei se ole v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4t\u00f6nt\u00e4. Porrastetut sokeat \/ haudatut l\u00e4piviennit ovat usein helpompia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11570\" data-end=\"11655\">\n<p data-start=\"11573\" data-end=\"11655\">Jos valitset monivaiheisen laminoinnin HDI:n, on odotettavissa enemm\u00e4n prosessivaiheita ja tarkastuksia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11656\" data-end=\"11744\">\n<p data-start=\"11659\" data-end=\"11744\">K\u00e4yt\u00e4 asianmukaista simulointia suurnopeus- tai RF-suunnittelussa EMI:n ja signaalin eheyden tarkistamiseksi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11745\" data-end=\"11832\">\n<p data-start=\"11748\" data-end=\"11832\">BGA-tuuletuksessa mikroviat ja pad-in-pad auttavat v\u00e4hent\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n tuuletuspinta-alaa ja j\u00e4ljen pituutta.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11833\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<p data-start=\"11837\" data-end=\"11930\">Kustannusten hallitsemiseksi kannattaa laminointivaiheiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4, kun se on mahdollista. Optimoi sijoittelu.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"11932\" data-end=\"11935\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11937\" data-end=\"11954\">Loppuyhteenveto<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"11955\" data-end=\"12546\">HDI-levyt ovat eritt\u00e4in tiheit\u00e4 piirilevyj\u00e4, joissa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n mikrosokeita ja upotettuja l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4. Niiden avulla suunnittelijat voivat pakata enemm\u00e4n j\u00e4lki\u00e4 ja osia pienemp\u00e4\u00e4n tilaan. HDI-reititys edellytt\u00e4\u00e4 huolellista pinontasuunnittelua, hyvi\u00e4 maatasoja, tarkkaa mikroviistojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 ja asianmukaisia DFM-tarkastuksia. HDI antaa selvi\u00e4 etuja koon, signaalinopeuden ja suorituskyvyn suhteen. HDI-piirej\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n monilla aloilla l\u00e4\u00e4ketieteellisist\u00e4 ja matkapuhelimista auto- ja ilmailualaan. Mit\u00e4 monimutkaisempi HDI-taso, sit\u00e4 kehittyneempi prosessi ja sit\u00e4 korkeammat kustannukset. Hyv\u00e4 suunnittelu ja varhainen yhteydenpito toimittajiin auttavat sinua saamaan oikean HDI-piirilevyn tuotteeseesi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-s1ztwe2 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"s1ztwe2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\" data-id=\"7882748\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fc6712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Usein kysytyt kysymykset<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"631b990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Mit\u00e4 ovat mikroviat, sokeat viat ja upotetut viat?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\"><p>Mikroviat ovat hyvin pieni\u00e4 (usein laserporattuja) l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4, jotka yhdist\u00e4v\u00e4t vain vierekk\u00e4isi\u00e4 kerroksia. Sokeat l\u00e4piviennit yhdist\u00e4v\u00e4t ulommat kerrokset sisempiin kerroksiin; upotetut l\u00e4piviennit yhdist\u00e4v\u00e4t vain sisempi\u00e4 kerroksia. N\u00e4m\u00e4 l\u00e4pivientityypit s\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4v\u00e4t levytilaa ja parantavat reitityst\u00e4.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitk\u00e4 ovat HDI-piirilevyjen t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t edut?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\"><p>T\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t hy\u00f6dyt: suurempi komponenttitiheys, lyhyemm\u00e4t signaalireitit (parempi signaalin eheys), pienemm\u00e4t ja kevyemm\u00e4t tuotteet sek\u00e4 parannettu reititys hienojakoisille BGA-piireille ja nopeille piireille.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Harmonikka Otsikko<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\"><p>Yleiset sovellukset: \u00e4lypuhelimet ja mobiililaitteet, 5G- ja verkkolaitteet, l\u00e4\u00e4kinn\u00e4lliset laitteet, ilmailu- ja avaruusala, autoelektroniikka ja kompaktit kuluttajatuotteet.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitk\u00e4 suunnittelus\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6t ovat erityisi\u00e4 HDI:lle?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\"><p>T\u00e4rkeit\u00e4 s\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00f6j\u00e4: rajoittaa mikrovian halkaisijaa ja v\u00e4li\u00e4, valvoa dielektrisen paksuutta ja impedanssia, suunnitella BGA-poistumisreitit (dogbone-fanoutit) ja v\u00e4ltt\u00e4\u00e4 l\u00e4pivienti\u00e4 l\u00e4pivientityynyss\u00e4, ellei sit\u00e4 ole asianmukaisesti t\u00e4ytetty\/planaroitu. Noudata DFM:\u00e4\u00e4 ja valmistajan valmiusmatriisia.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Harmonikka Otsikko<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\">Accordion Content<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is an HDI PCB An HDI board is a high density interconnect printed circuit board. It uses micro blind [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"tablet\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"mobile\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-page"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"c325e24\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"flex_direction\":\"column\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"322b58b\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"2ce50fb\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<h2 data-start=\\\"78\\\" data-end=\\\"101\\\">What is an HDI PCB<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\">An HDI board is a high density interconnect printed circuit board. It uses micro blind and buried vias. These boards have a high line density. They have inner layer traces and outer layer traces. They also use drilled holes and plated holes to link traces between layers. As electronic products get smaller and more precise, makers ask for denser PCBs. The best way to increase PCB density is to cut the number of through-holes and to add well-placed blind and buried vias. This need led to the HDI board.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\"><img class=\\\"size-full wp-image-2703 aligncenter\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/hdi-pcb.webp\\\" alt=\\\"hdi pcb\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"450\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"102\\\" data-end=\\\"607\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"609\\\" data-end=\\\"626\\\">IPC definition<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"627\\\" data-end=\\\"681\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.electronics.org\\\/TOC\\\/IPC-2226A.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\\\">IPC-2226<\\\/a> gives a clear rule for blind and buried vias:<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"682\\\" data-end=\\\"1035\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"682\\\" data-end=\\\"734\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"684\\\" data-end=\\\"734\\\">Via or buried via diameter \\u2264 0.15 mm (0.00591 in).<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"735\\\" data-end=\\\"781\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"737\\\" data-end=\\\"781\\\">Annular ring diameter \\u2264 0.35 mm (0.0138 in).<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"782\\\" data-end=\\\"1035\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"784\\\" data-end=\\\"1035\\\">These vias can be made by laser or mechanical drilling, or by dry\\\/wet etching, or by pattern transfer. Then a conductive plating covers the hole.<br \\\/>Note: If the hole diameter is &gt; 0.15 mm (0.00591 in), treat it as a through-hole under the same standard.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"1037\\\" data-end=\\\"1069\\\">Common drilling sizes for HDI<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1070\\\" data-end=\\\"1183\\\">Common via sizes for HDI are 3\\u20135 mil. Designers most often use 4 mil as a middle value for design and production.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"1185\\\" data-end=\\\"1221\\\">Common IPC standards used for HDI<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1222\\\" data-end=\\\"1265\\\">Typical IPC standards for HDI work include:<\\\/p>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"1266\\\" data-end=\\\"1627\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"1266\\\" data-end=\\\"1351\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1269\\\" data-end=\\\"1351\\\">IPC\\\/JPCA-2315 \\u2014 Guide for high density interconnect structure and microvia design.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"1352\\\" data-end=\\\"1441\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1355\\\" data-end=\\\"1441\\\">IPC-2226 \\u2014 Design standard for high density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit boards.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"1442\\\" data-end=\\\"1545\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1445\\\" data-end=\\\"1545\\\">IPC\\\/JPCA-4104 \\u2014 Specification for dielectric material validation and performance for HDI structures.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"1546\\\" data-end=\\\"1627\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"1549\\\" data-end=\\\"1627\\\">IPC-6016 \\u2014 Specification for qualification and performance for HDI structures.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"1629\\\" data-end=\\\"1632\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"1634\\\" data-end=\\\"1668\\\">HDI routing: challenges and tips<\\\/h1>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"1670\\\" data-end=\\\"1695\\\">What HDI routing means<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"1696\\\" data-end=\\\"2034\\\">HDI routing means using the latest design ideas and manufacturing methods to make a denser layout without changing the circuit function. In short, HDI uses more routing layers, smaller traces, smaller vias, smaller pads, and thinner cores. This lets you fit complex and often high-speed circuits into spaces that were not possible before.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2036\\\" data-end=\\\"2381\\\">As the manufacturing methods get better, HDI routing appears in many designs. You will find HDI in motherboards, graphics cards, phones, and other devices with little space. If you do HDI right, you can shrink the board size and also cut EMI problems on the PCB. Lowering cost is a key goal for many companies. HDI routing helps reach that goal.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"2383\\\" data-end=\\\"2411\\\">HDI routing and microvias<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2412\\\" data-end=\\\"2575\\\">HDI routing is more complex than normal multi-layer routing. You might know how to design 8-layer or 16-layer PCBs. Still, HDI introduces new ideas you must learn.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\">In a normal PCB, we view the whole board as one item with many layers. In HDI, designers must think of many ultra-thin layers stacked to form one board. The main driver for HDI routing is the via technology. Vias are no longer only the plated holes drilled through the finished stack. Traditional through-holes reduce the space available for routing on each layer.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\"><img class=\\\"size-full wp-image-2702 aligncenter\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/HDI-microvias.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"414\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2577\\\" data-end=\\\"2941\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"2943\\\" data-end=\\\"2982\\\">Traditional vias are not fit for HDI<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"2983\\\" data-end=\\\"3410\\\">In HDI routing, microvias are the key. They let many dense layers connect together. To explain, microvias look like blind or buried vias but follow a different method. Traditional vias are drilled after the layers are stacked. Microvias are laser drilled on layers before stacking. Laser-drilled microvias allow the smallest hole sizes and pad sizes between layers. This helps with <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/bga-assmebly\\\/\\\">BGA<\\\/a> fan-out layouts where pins sit in a grid.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"3412\\\" data-end=\\\"3437\\\">HDI routing strategies<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"3438\\\" data-end=\\\"3697\\\">With microvias, PCB designers can route complex networks on many layers. This method is sometimes called \\u201cany-layer HDI\\u201d or \\u201cper-layer interconnect.\\u201d Because microvias save space, both outer layers can host dense parts while most routing sits on inner layers.<\\\/p>\\n<h2 data-start=\\\"3699\\\" data-end=\\\"3739\\\">Low impedance ground planes are vital<\\\/h2>\\n<p data-start=\\\"3740\\\" data-end=\\\"3971\\\">When parts and traces get denser in a multilayer board, the risk of EMI and magnetic coupling rises. For HDI design you must ensure the stack has the right structure. Provide enough ground planes to give low impedance return paths.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"3973\\\" data-end=\\\"4223\\\">Place inner routing layers between ground or power layers to cut cross-coupling and crosstalk. Keep high-speed signal paths short and keep their return paths short too. Plan microvias so they limit signal paths to a small area. This reduces EMI risk.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4225\\\" data-end=\\\"4304\\\">For safety, use proper simulation tools to model the HDI PCB before production.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"4306\\\" data-end=\\\"4309\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"4311\\\" data-end=\\\"4338\\\">Main benefits of HDI PCBs<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4339\\\" data-end=\\\"4522\\\">Many people want to reduce product size. One of the best ways is to use HDI PCBs. When you need less weight and smaller size but keep function and reliability, HDI is a good solution.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"4524\\\" data-end=\\\"4537\\\">Key benefits:<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"4538\\\" data-end=\\\"4961\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"4538\\\" data-end=\\\"4689\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"4540\\\" data-end=\\\"4689\\\">HDI allows pad-in-pad and blind via use. This lets parts sit close and cuts trace length. Shorter traces often mean faster and more reliable signals.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"4690\\\" data-end=\\\"4825\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"4692\\\" data-end=\\\"4825\\\">These boards can give good performance at a fair cost. HDI is an affordable choice for people who need reliable, durable electronics.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"4826\\\" data-end=\\\"4961\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"4828\\\" data-end=\\\"4961\\\">To decide if HDI fits your project, learn more about them and how to use them. Know the differences between normal PCBs and HDI PCBs.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"4963\\\" data-end=\\\"4966\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"4968\\\" data-end=\\\"4999\\\">Where HDI PCBs are used today<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5000\\\" data-end=\\\"5058\\\">Because of their benefits, HDI PCBs appear in many fields.<\\\/p>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"5060\\\" data-end=\\\"5687\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"5060\\\" data-end=\\\"5305\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5063\\\" data-end=\\\"5305\\\">Medical devices \\u2014 Many medical tools must be small. Lab gear and implants often need tiny boards. HDI helps here. A pacemaker is a good example. Many monitoring and probe tools, like endoscopes, use HDI too. In these cases, smaller is better.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"5307\\\" data-end=\\\"5431\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5310\\\" data-end=\\\"5431\\\">Automotive \\u2014 Cars use space well. Some car electronics are getting smaller. HDI helps reduce size while keeping function.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"5433\\\" data-end=\\\"5537\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5436\\\" data-end=\\\"5537\\\">Mobile devices \\u2014 Tablets and phones use HDI. This is why these devices become thinner as they evolve.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"5539\\\" data-end=\\\"5687\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"5542\\\" data-end=\\\"5687\\\">Aerospace and defense \\u2014 These fields use HDI for its reliability and small size. HDI shows up more as new designs need compact and stable boards.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\">Many other fields will use more HDI in the future.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\"><img class=\\\"size-full wp-image-2704 aligncenter\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"420\\\" height=\\\"280\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5689\\\" data-end=\\\"5739\\\">\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"5741\\\" data-end=\\\"5744\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"5746\\\" data-end=\\\"5780\\\">What makes an HDI PCB an HDI PCB<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"5781\\\" data-end=\\\"6033\\\">An HDI PCB uses blind via plating and then a second lamination step. These boards can be first level, second level, third level, and higher. Makers usually build HDI boards by lamination steps. The more lamination steps, the higher the technical level.<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"6035\\\" data-end=\\\"6248\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"6035\\\" data-end=\\\"6084\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"6037\\\" data-end=\\\"6084\\\">Basic HDI boards often use one lamination step.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"6085\\\" data-end=\\\"6138\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"6087\\\" data-end=\\\"6138\\\">Higher level HDI uses two or more lamination steps.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"6139\\\" data-end=\\\"6248\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"6141\\\" data-end=\\\"6248\\\">High-level HDI may use stacked vias, plated filled vias, laser direct drilling, and other advanced methods.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6250\\\" data-end=\\\"6314\\\">Now we explain common layer stacks and how producers build them.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"6316\\\" data-end=\\\"6319\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"6321\\\" data-end=\\\"6359\\\">Simple single-laminate HDI (example)<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6360\\\" data-end=\\\"6700\\\">A simple single-laminate HDI board can be a 6-layer board with a 1+4+1 stack. This board is simple. The inner multi-layer board has no buried vias. One lamination completes the board. The manufacturing is similar to normal multilayer single-laminate boards. But after lamination you still need laser drilling for blind vias and other steps.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"6702\\\" data-end=\\\"6705\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"6707\\\" data-end=\\\"6749\\\">Normal single-laminate HDI (common case)<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"6750\\\" data-end=\\\"7221\\\">A common single-laminate HDI has a structure (1 + N + 1) where N \\u2265 2 and N is even. For example, a single-laminate 6-layer HDI uses 1+4+1. This structure is the mainstream design for single-laminate HDI. The inner multi-layer often has buried vias that require a second lamination step to finish. This single-laminate type often has blind vias and buried vias. If designers can change this type into the simple single-laminate form above, both buyer and supplier benefit.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"7223\\\" data-end=\\\"7226\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"7228\\\" data-end=\\\"7270\\\">Normal double-laminate HDI (common case)<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"7271\\\" data-end=\\\"7697\\\">A common double-laminate HDI might be an 8-layer board with a 1+1+4+1+1 stack. This stack is (1+1+N+1+1) with N \\u2265 2 and even. This is the mainstream double-laminate design in the PCB industry. The inner multi-layer has buried vias that need three lamination steps. This type often does not have staggered via stacks. If you can change buried vias from layers 3\\u20136 to layers 2\\u20137, you can reduce one lamination step and cut cost.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"7699\\\" data-end=\\\"7702\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"7704\\\" data-end=\\\"7740\\\">Another common double-laminate HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"7741\\\" data-end=\\\"8283\\\">This type also uses (1+1+N+1+1). Even though it is a double-laminate structure, the buried via sits in a different place \\u2014 between layers 2 and 7. This change can reduce lamination steps from three to two. But this design has one hard point: it can create blind vias from layers 1\\u20133. You must split those into two sets (1\\u20132 and 2\\u20133) and make the 2\\u20133 inner blind vias with via filling. Via filling adds cost and difficulty. So during design, try to avoid stacked vias and change 1\\u20133 blind vias into staggered 1\\u20132 and 2\\u20133 blind and buried vias.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"8285\\\" data-end=\\\"8288\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"8290\\\" data-end=\\\"8348\\\">Uncommon double-laminate HDI with cross-layer blind vias<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"8349\\\" data-end=\\\"8842\\\">One uncommon double-laminate HDI 6-layer board uses 1+1+2+1+1. It still uses the (1+1+N+1+1) idea with N \\u2265 2 and even. This design has cross-layer blind vias. The blind via depth grows \\u2014 a 1\\u20133 depth blind via is twice the depth of a normal 1\\u20132 blind via. Customers who choose this design have specific needs and do not want the blind via split into stacked vias. These cross-layer blind vias are hard to drill by laser. Copper deposition and plating on such deep blind vias are also difficult.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"8844\\\" data-end=\\\"8847\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"8849\\\" data-end=\\\"8898\\\">Stacked blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"8899\\\" data-end=\\\"9278\\\">There is a type where buried vias at layers 2\\u20137 need stacked blind vias above them. This is still a (1+1+N+1+1) structure. Some double-laminate HDI boards use this method. The inner multi-layer has buried vias and needs two lamination steps. The key is that the stacked via design adds difficulty. But placing buried vias at layers 2\\u20137 reduces one lamination step and saves cost.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"9280\\\" data-end=\\\"9283\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"9285\\\" data-end=\\\"9338\\\">Cross-layer blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"9339\\\" data-end=\\\"9875\\\">Another double-laminate (1+1+N+1+1) design includes cross-layer blind vias. This design is harder to make and some HDI makers lack the skill. The inner multi-layer has buried vias in layers 3\\u20136 and needs three lamination steps. The main issue is the cross-layer blind via design. If you can split the 1\\u20133 cross-layer via into 1\\u20132 and 2\\u20133 blind vias, the cost drops and the process becomes simpler. Note: this split differs from the stacked-via split explained earlier. This split uses staggered blind vias instead of stacked blind vias.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"9877\\\" data-end=\\\"9880\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"9882\\\" data-end=\\\"9897\\\">Levels of HDI<\\\/h1>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"9898\\\" data-end=\\\"10118\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"9898\\\" data-end=\\\"9974\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"9900\\\" data-end=\\\"9974\\\">First-level (1st order) HDI is simple. The process and control are easier.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"9975\\\" data-end=\\\"10042\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"9977\\\" data-end=\\\"10042\\\">Second-level HDI is more complex in production and manufacturing.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"10043\\\" data-end=\\\"10118\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10045\\\" data-end=\\\"10118\\\">Third-level and above follow the second-level rules but are more complex.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"10120\\\" data-end=\\\"10123\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"10125\\\" data-end=\\\"10167\\\">Differences between HDI and regular PCBs<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10168\\\" data-end=\\\"10482\\\">HDI boards are often made by lamination techniques using thin core materials. The more laminations, the higher the process level. Most HDI boards use one lamination. High-level HDI uses two or more lamination techniques and adds advanced methods such as stacked vias, plated filled vias, and laser direct drilling.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10484\\\" data-end=\\\"10746\\\">When the relative density of a PCB gets higher than an eight-layer board, making it by HDI often costs less than doing complex traditional lamination and pressing. HDI boards often have higher mechanical strength and better signal accuracy than traditional PCBs.<\\\/p>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10748\\\" data-end=\\\"10792\\\">Other improvements of HDI over regular PCBs:<\\\/p>\\n<ul data-start=\\\"10793\\\" data-end=\\\"10940\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"10793\\\" data-end=\\\"10843\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10795\\\" data-end=\\\"10843\\\">Better performance for microwave and RF signals.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"10844\\\" data-end=\\\"10914\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10846\\\" data-end=\\\"10914\\\">Better resistance to radio interference and electrostatic discharge.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"10915\\\" data-end=\\\"10940\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"10917\\\" data-end=\\\"10940\\\">Better heat conduction.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<p data-start=\\\"10942\\\" data-end=\\\"11053\\\">High-density integration (HDI) allows end products to be smaller and more standard in function and performance.<\\\/p>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"11055\\\" data-end=\\\"11058\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"11060\\\" data-end=\\\"11100\\\">Simple advice for designers and buyers<\\\/h1>\\n<ol data-start=\\\"11101\\\" data-end=\\\"11930\\\">\\n<li data-start=\\\"11101\\\" data-end=\\\"11162\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11104\\\" data-end=\\\"11162\\\">Use HDI when you need smaller size and better performance.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11163\\\" data-end=\\\"11245\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11166\\\" data-end=\\\"11245\\\">Talk to your PCB supplier early. HDI needs design-for-manufacture (DFM) checks.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11246\\\" data-end=\\\"11315\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11249\\\" data-end=\\\"11315\\\">Ask for IPC-based specs. Use IPC-2226 and IPC-6016 where possible.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11316\\\" data-end=\\\"11386\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11319\\\" data-end=\\\"11386\\\">Plan stackups with enough ground planes to keep return paths short.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11387\\\" data-end=\\\"11476\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11390\\\" data-end=\\\"11476\\\">Use microvia sizes that match your PCB house capability. Common: 3\\u20135 mil, often 4 mil.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11477\\\" data-end=\\\"11569\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11480\\\" data-end=\\\"11569\\\">Try to avoid stacked vias unless necessary. Staggered blind\\\/buried vias are often easier.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11570\\\" data-end=\\\"11655\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11573\\\" data-end=\\\"11655\\\">If you choose multi-step lamination HDI, expect more process steps and inspection.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11656\\\" data-end=\\\"11744\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11659\\\" data-end=\\\"11744\\\">Use proper simulation for high-speed or RF designs to check EMI and signal integrity.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11745\\\" data-end=\\\"11832\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11748\\\" data-end=\\\"11832\\\">For BGA fan-out, microvias and pad-in-pad help reduce fan-out area and trace length.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li data-start=\\\"11833\\\" data-end=\\\"11930\\\">\\n<p data-start=\\\"11837\\\" data-end=\\\"11930\\\">For cost control, reduce the number of lamination steps when you can. Optimize via placement.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n<hr data-start=\\\"11932\\\" data-end=\\\"11935\\\" \\\/>\\n<h1 data-start=\\\"11937\\\" data-end=\\\"11954\\\">Closing summary<\\\/h1>\\n<p data-start=\\\"11955\\\" data-end=\\\"12546\\\">HDI boards are high density interconnect PCBs that use micro blind and buried vias. They let designers pack more traces and parts into less space. HDI routing calls for careful stackup planning, good ground planes, exact microvia use, and proper DFM checks. HDI gives clear benefits on size, signal speed, and performance. HDI appears in many fields, from medical and mobile to automotive and aerospace. The more complex the HDI level, the more advanced the process and the higher the cost. Good design and early supplier communication will help you get the right HDI board for your product.<\\\/p>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"83b8d93\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"s1ztwe2\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"gap\":\"no\",\"content_position\":\"top\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"background_color\":\"#FFFFFF00\",\"background_position\":\"bottom center\",\"background_attachment\":\"scroll\",\"background_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"background_size\":\"cover\",\"background_size_mobile\":\"cover\",\"background_overlay_background\":\"classic\",\"background_overlay_color_b\":\"rgba(255,255,255,0)\",\"background_overlay_opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"120\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"120\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"80\",\"right\":\"40\",\"bottom\":\"80\",\"left\":\"40\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"25\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"25\",\"isLinked\":false},\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"34edf50\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"7882748\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null,\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"space_between_widgets\":40,\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"a7931df\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9fc6712\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Frequently Asked Questions\",\"align\":\"center\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"4cc2d19\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"631b990\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"tab_title\":\"What are microvias, blind vias and buried vias?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Microvias are very small vias (often laser-drilled) that connect only adjacent layers. 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These via types save board space and improve routing.<\\\/p>\",\"_id\":\"9c164e4\"},{\"_id\":\"d65c929\",\"tab_title\":\"What are the main advantages of HDI PCBs?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Key benefits: higher component density, shorter signal paths (better signal integrity), smaller and lighter products, and improved routing for fine-pitch BGAs and high-speed circuits.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"0bc55ef\",\"tab_title\":\"Accordion Title\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Common applications: smartphones and mobile devices, 5G and network equipment, medical devices, aerospace, automotive electronics, and compact consumer products.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"900483d\",\"tab_title\":\"What design rules are special for HDI?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Important rules: limit microvia diameter and spacing, control dielectric thickness and impedance, plan BGA escape routes (dogbone fanouts), and avoid via-in-pad unless properly filled\\\/planarized. 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class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-c325e24 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"c325e24\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-e-type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"2ce50fb","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<h2 data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"101\">What is an HDI PCB<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">An HDI board is a high density interconnect printed circuit board. It uses micro blind and buried vias. These boards have a high line density. They have inner layer traces and outer layer traces. They also use drilled holes and plated holes to link traces between layers. As electronic products get smaller and more precise, makers ask for denser PCBs. The best way to increase PCB density is to cut the number of through-holes and to add well-placed blind and buried vias. This need led to the HDI board.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2703 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hdi-pcb.webp\" alt=\"hdi pcb\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"607\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"626\">IPC definition<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"627\" data-end=\"681\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electronics.org\/TOC\/IPC-2226A.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">IPC-2226<\/a> gives a clear rule for blind and buried vias:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<li data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"734\">\n<p data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"734\">Via or buried via diameter \u2264 0.15 mm (0.00591 in).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"781\">\n<p data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"781\">Annular ring diameter \u2264 0.35 mm (0.0138 in).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"782\" data-end=\"1035\">\n<p data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"1035\">These vias can be made by laser or mechanical drilling, or by dry\/wet etching, or by pattern transfer. Then a conductive plating covers the hole.<br \/>Note: If the hole diameter is &gt; 0.15 mm (0.00591 in), treat it as a through-hole under the same standard.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1069\">Common drilling sizes for HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1183\">Common via sizes for HDI are 3\u20135 mil. Designers most often use 4 mil as a middle value for design and production.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1221\">Common IPC standards used for HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1222\" data-end=\"1265\">Typical IPC standards for HDI work include:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1351\">\n<p data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1351\">IPC\/JPCA-2315 \u2014 Guide for high density interconnect structure and microvia design.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1441\">\n<p data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1441\">IPC-2226 \u2014 Design standard for high density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit boards.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1545\">\n<p data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1545\">IPC\/JPCA-4104 \u2014 Specification for dielectric material validation and performance for HDI structures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1546\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<p data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1627\">IPC-6016 \u2014 Specification for qualification and performance for HDI structures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1632\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1668\">HDI routing: challenges and tips<\/h1>\n<h2 data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1695\">What HDI routing means<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"2034\">HDI routing means using the latest design ideas and manufacturing methods to make a denser layout without changing the circuit function. In short, HDI uses more routing layers, smaller traces, smaller vias, smaller pads, and thinner cores. This lets you fit complex and often high-speed circuits into spaces that were not possible before.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2381\">As the manufacturing methods get better, HDI routing appears in many designs. You will find HDI in motherboards, graphics cards, phones, and other devices with little space. If you do HDI right, you can shrink the board size and also cut EMI problems on the PCB. Lowering cost is a key goal for many companies. HDI routing helps reach that goal.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2411\">HDI routing and microvias<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2412\" data-end=\"2575\">HDI routing is more complex than normal multi-layer routing. You might know how to design 8-layer or 16-layer PCBs. Still, HDI introduces new ideas you must learn.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">In a normal PCB, we view the whole board as one item with many layers. In HDI, designers must think of many ultra-thin layers stacked to form one board. The main driver for HDI routing is the via technology. Vias are no longer only the plated holes drilled through the finished stack. Traditional through-holes reduce the space available for routing on each layer.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2702 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/HDI-microvias.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2941\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"2982\">Traditional vias are not fit for HDI<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3410\">In HDI routing, microvias are the key. They let many dense layers connect together. To explain, microvias look like blind or buried vias but follow a different method. Traditional vias are drilled after the layers are stacked. Microvias are laser drilled on layers before stacking. Laser-drilled microvias allow the smallest hole sizes and pad sizes between layers. This helps with <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> fan-out layouts where pins sit in a grid.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3412\" data-end=\"3437\">HDI routing strategies<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3438\" data-end=\"3697\">With microvias, PCB designers can route complex networks on many layers. This method is sometimes called \u201cany-layer HDI\u201d or \u201cper-layer interconnect.\u201d Because microvias save space, both outer layers can host dense parts while most routing sits on inner layers.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3699\" data-end=\"3739\">Low impedance ground planes are vital<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3971\">When parts and traces get denser in a multilayer board, the risk of EMI and magnetic coupling rises. For HDI design you must ensure the stack has the right structure. Provide enough ground planes to give low impedance return paths.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3973\" data-end=\"4223\">Place inner routing layers between ground or power layers to cut cross-coupling and crosstalk. Keep high-speed signal paths short and keep their return paths short too. Plan microvias so they limit signal paths to a small area. This reduces EMI risk.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4225\" data-end=\"4304\">For safety, use proper simulation tools to model the HDI PCB before production.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4306\" data-end=\"4309\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4311\" data-end=\"4338\">Main benefits of HDI PCBs<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4339\" data-end=\"4522\">Many people want to reduce product size. One of the best ways is to use HDI PCBs. When you need less weight and smaller size but keep function and reliability, HDI is a good solution.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4524\" data-end=\"4537\">Key benefits:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4689\">\n<p data-start=\"4540\" data-end=\"4689\">HDI allows pad-in-pad and blind via use. This lets parts sit close and cuts trace length. Shorter traces often mean faster and more reliable signals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4690\" data-end=\"4825\">\n<p data-start=\"4692\" data-end=\"4825\">These boards can give good performance at a fair cost. HDI is an affordable choice for people who need reliable, durable electronics.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4826\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<p data-start=\"4828\" data-end=\"4961\">To decide if HDI fits your project, learn more about them and how to use them. Know the differences between normal PCBs and HDI PCBs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4963\" data-end=\"4966\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4968\" data-end=\"4999\">Where HDI PCBs are used today<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5000\" data-end=\"5058\">Because of their benefits, HDI PCBs appear in many fields.<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<li data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5305\">\n<p data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5305\">Medical devices \u2014 Many medical tools must be small. Lab gear and implants often need tiny boards. HDI helps here. A pacemaker is a good example. Many monitoring and probe tools, like endoscopes, use HDI too. In these cases, smaller is better.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5307\" data-end=\"5431\">\n<p data-start=\"5310\" data-end=\"5431\">Automotive \u2014 Cars use space well. Some car electronics are getting smaller. HDI helps reduce size while keeping function.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5433\" data-end=\"5537\">\n<p data-start=\"5436\" data-end=\"5537\">Mobile devices \u2014 Tablets and phones use HDI. This is why these devices become thinner as they evolve.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5539\" data-end=\"5687\">\n<p data-start=\"5542\" data-end=\"5687\">Aerospace and defense \u2014 These fields use HDI for its reliability and small size. HDI shows up more as new designs need compact and stable boards.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">Many other fields will use more HDI in the future.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2704 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mobile-devices-use-HDI.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"280\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5689\" data-end=\"5739\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5741\" data-end=\"5744\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"5746\" data-end=\"5780\">What makes an HDI PCB an HDI PCB<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5781\" data-end=\"6033\">An HDI PCB uses blind via plating and then a second lamination step. These boards can be first level, second level, third level, and higher. Makers usually build HDI boards by lamination steps. The more lamination steps, the higher the technical level.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<li data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6084\">\n<p data-start=\"6037\" data-end=\"6084\">Basic HDI boards often use one lamination step.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6085\" data-end=\"6138\">\n<p data-start=\"6087\" data-end=\"6138\">Higher level HDI uses two or more lamination steps.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6139\" data-end=\"6248\">\n<p data-start=\"6141\" data-end=\"6248\">High-level HDI may use stacked vias, plated filled vias, laser direct drilling, and other advanced methods.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6250\" data-end=\"6314\">Now we explain common layer stacks and how producers build them.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6316\" data-end=\"6319\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6321\" data-end=\"6359\">Simple single-laminate HDI (example)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6360\" data-end=\"6700\">A simple single-laminate HDI board can be a 6-layer board with a 1+4+1 stack. This board is simple. The inner multi-layer board has no buried vias. One lamination completes the board. The manufacturing is similar to normal multilayer single-laminate boards. But after lamination you still need laser drilling for blind vias and other steps.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6702\" data-end=\"6705\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6707\" data-end=\"6749\">Normal single-laminate HDI (common case)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6750\" data-end=\"7221\">A common single-laminate HDI has a structure (1 + N + 1) where N \u2265 2 and N is even. For example, a single-laminate 6-layer HDI uses 1+4+1. This structure is the mainstream design for single-laminate HDI. The inner multi-layer often has buried vias that require a second lamination step to finish. This single-laminate type often has blind vias and buried vias. If designers can change this type into the simple single-laminate form above, both buyer and supplier benefit.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7223\" data-end=\"7226\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7228\" data-end=\"7270\">Normal double-laminate HDI (common case)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7271\" data-end=\"7697\">A common double-laminate HDI might be an 8-layer board with a 1+1+4+1+1 stack. This stack is (1+1+N+1+1) with N \u2265 2 and even. This is the mainstream double-laminate design in the PCB industry. The inner multi-layer has buried vias that need three lamination steps. This type often does not have staggered via stacks. If you can change buried vias from layers 3\u20136 to layers 2\u20137, you can reduce one lamination step and cut cost.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7699\" data-end=\"7702\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7704\" data-end=\"7740\">Another common double-laminate HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7741\" data-end=\"8283\">This type also uses (1+1+N+1+1). Even though it is a double-laminate structure, the buried via sits in a different place \u2014 between layers 2 and 7. This change can reduce lamination steps from three to two. But this design has one hard point: it can create blind vias from layers 1\u20133. You must split those into two sets (1\u20132 and 2\u20133) and make the 2\u20133 inner blind vias with via filling. Via filling adds cost and difficulty. So during design, try to avoid stacked vias and change 1\u20133 blind vias into staggered 1\u20132 and 2\u20133 blind and buried vias.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8285\" data-end=\"8288\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8290\" data-end=\"8348\">Uncommon double-laminate HDI with cross-layer blind vias<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8349\" data-end=\"8842\">One uncommon double-laminate HDI 6-layer board uses 1+1+2+1+1. It still uses the (1+1+N+1+1) idea with N \u2265 2 and even. This design has cross-layer blind vias. The blind via depth grows \u2014 a 1\u20133 depth blind via is twice the depth of a normal 1\u20132 blind via. Customers who choose this design have specific needs and do not want the blind via split into stacked vias. These cross-layer blind vias are hard to drill by laser. Copper deposition and plating on such deep blind vias are also difficult.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8844\" data-end=\"8847\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"8849\" data-end=\"8898\">Stacked blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"8899\" data-end=\"9278\">There is a type where buried vias at layers 2\u20137 need stacked blind vias above them. This is still a (1+1+N+1+1) structure. Some double-laminate HDI boards use this method. The inner multi-layer has buried vias and needs two lamination steps. The key is that the stacked via design adds difficulty. But placing buried vias at layers 2\u20137 reduces one lamination step and saves cost.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9280\" data-end=\"9283\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9285\" data-end=\"9338\">Cross-layer blind via design in double-laminate HDI<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"9339\" data-end=\"9875\">Another double-laminate (1+1+N+1+1) design includes cross-layer blind vias. This design is harder to make and some HDI makers lack the skill. The inner multi-layer has buried vias in layers 3\u20136 and needs three lamination steps. The main issue is the cross-layer blind via design. If you can split the 1\u20133 cross-layer via into 1\u20132 and 2\u20133 blind vias, the cost drops and the process becomes simpler. Note: this split differs from the stacked-via split explained earlier. This split uses staggered blind vias instead of stacked blind vias.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9877\" data-end=\"9880\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9882\" data-end=\"9897\">Levels of HDI<\/h1>\n<ul data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<li data-start=\"9898\" data-end=\"9974\">\n<p data-start=\"9900\" data-end=\"9974\">First-level (1st order) HDI is simple. The process and control are easier.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9975\" data-end=\"10042\">\n<p data-start=\"9977\" data-end=\"10042\">Second-level HDI is more complex in production and manufacturing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10043\" data-end=\"10118\">\n<p data-start=\"10045\" data-end=\"10118\">Third-level and above follow the second-level rules but are more complex.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"10120\" data-end=\"10123\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"10125\" data-end=\"10167\">Differences between HDI and regular PCBs<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"10168\" data-end=\"10482\">HDI boards are often made by lamination techniques using thin core materials. The more laminations, the higher the process level. Most HDI boards use one lamination. High-level HDI uses two or more lamination techniques and adds advanced methods such as stacked vias, plated filled vias, and laser direct drilling.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10484\" data-end=\"10746\">When the relative density of a PCB gets higher than an eight-layer board, making it by HDI often costs less than doing complex traditional lamination and pressing. HDI boards often have higher mechanical strength and better signal accuracy than traditional PCBs.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10748\" data-end=\"10792\">Other improvements of HDI over regular PCBs:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<li data-start=\"10793\" data-end=\"10843\">\n<p data-start=\"10795\" data-end=\"10843\">Better performance for microwave and RF signals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10844\" data-end=\"10914\">\n<p data-start=\"10846\" data-end=\"10914\">Better resistance to radio interference and electrostatic discharge.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10915\" data-end=\"10940\">\n<p data-start=\"10917\" data-end=\"10940\">Better heat conduction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"10942\" data-end=\"11053\">High-density integration (HDI) allows end products to be smaller and more standard in function and performance.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"11055\" data-end=\"11058\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11060\" data-end=\"11100\">Simple advice for designers and buyers<\/h1>\n<ol data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<li data-start=\"11101\" data-end=\"11162\">\n<p data-start=\"11104\" data-end=\"11162\">Use HDI when you need smaller size and better performance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11163\" data-end=\"11245\">\n<p data-start=\"11166\" data-end=\"11245\">Talk to your PCB supplier early. HDI needs design-for-manufacture (DFM) checks.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11246\" data-end=\"11315\">\n<p data-start=\"11249\" data-end=\"11315\">Ask for IPC-based specs. Use IPC-2226 and IPC-6016 where possible.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11316\" data-end=\"11386\">\n<p data-start=\"11319\" data-end=\"11386\">Plan stackups with enough ground planes to keep return paths short.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11387\" data-end=\"11476\">\n<p data-start=\"11390\" data-end=\"11476\">Use microvia sizes that match your PCB house capability. Common: 3\u20135 mil, often 4 mil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11477\" data-end=\"11569\">\n<p data-start=\"11480\" data-end=\"11569\">Try to avoid stacked vias unless necessary. Staggered blind\/buried vias are often easier.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11570\" data-end=\"11655\">\n<p data-start=\"11573\" data-end=\"11655\">If you choose multi-step lamination HDI, expect more process steps and inspection.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11656\" data-end=\"11744\">\n<p data-start=\"11659\" data-end=\"11744\">Use proper simulation for high-speed or RF designs to check EMI and signal integrity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11745\" data-end=\"11832\">\n<p data-start=\"11748\" data-end=\"11832\">For BGA fan-out, microvias and pad-in-pad help reduce fan-out area and trace length.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11833\" data-end=\"11930\">\n<p data-start=\"11837\" data-end=\"11930\">For cost control, reduce the number of lamination steps when you can. Optimize via placement.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"11932\" data-end=\"11935\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"11937\" data-end=\"11954\">Closing summary<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"11955\" data-end=\"12546\">HDI boards are high density interconnect PCBs that use micro blind and buried vias. They let designers pack more traces and parts into less space. HDI routing calls for careful stackup planning, good ground planes, exact microvia use, and proper DFM checks. HDI gives clear benefits on size, signal speed, and performance. HDI appears in many fields, from medical and mobile to automotive and aerospace. The more complex the HDI level, the more advanced the process and the higher the cost. Good design and early supplier communication will help you get the right HDI board for your product.<\/p>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"83b8d93"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<section class=\\\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-s1ztwe2 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\\\" data-id=\\\"s1ztwe2\\\" data-element_type=\\\"section\\\" data-e-type=\\\"section\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-background-overlay\\\"><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\\\" data-id=\\\"7882748\\\" data-element_type=\\\"column\\\" data-e-type=\\\"column\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"9fc6712\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-e-type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Frequently Asked Questions<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"631b990\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-e-type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are microvias, blind vias and buried vias?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\"><p>Microvias are very small vias (often laser-drilled) that connect only adjacent layers. Blind vias connect outer layers to inner layers; buried vias only connect inner layers. These via types save board space and improve routing.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are the main advantages of HDI PCBs?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\"><p>Key benefits: higher component density, shorter signal paths (better signal integrity), smaller and lighter products, and improved routing for fine-pitch BGAs and high-speed circuits.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Accordion Title<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\"><p>Common applications: smartphones and mobile devices, 5G and network equipment, medical devices, aerospace, automotive electronics, and compact consumer products.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 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aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\"><p>Important rules: limit microvia diameter and spacing, control dielectric thickness and impedance, plan BGA escape routes (dogbone fanouts), and avoid via-in-pad unless properly filled\\\/planarized. 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