{"id":1925,"date":"2025-08-25T02:28:52","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T02:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=1925"},"modified":"2025-09-28T07:05:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T07:05:14","slug":"tht-pcb-assembly","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/pcb-assembly\/tht-pcb-assembly\/","title":{"rendered":"Mik\u00e4 on THT Assembly?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1925\" class=\"elementor elementor-1925\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db92cfa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"db92cfa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49aa1f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49aa1f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"inter-jQQQ8P\"><div class=\"container-PrUkKo\"><div class=\"item-hGGxLi\"><div class=\"container-arOxqB chrome70-container\"><div class=\"inner-FyM8gE inner-item-swzCut\" data-target-id=\"message-box-target-id\" data-testid=\"union_message\"><div class=\"message-block-container-aFugD6\" data-testid=\"message-block-container\"><div class=\"flex flex-row w-full w-full max-w-full s-font-base text-s-color-text-secondary p-0 rounded-s-radius-s bg-transparent group data-[attr=select-mode]:-mt-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:py-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:px-16 data-[attr=select-mode]:sm:p-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:hover:bg-s-color-bg-base data-[attr=select-mode]:hover:rounded-s-radius-xs data-[attr=select-mode]:has-[:checked]:bg-s-color-bg-trans data-[attr=select-mode]:has-[:checked]:rounded-s-radius-xs data-[attr=select-mode]:pointer-events-none\" data-testid=\"receive_message\"><div class=\"flex flex-col flex-grow max-w-full min-w-0\"><div class=\"flex flex-row w-full\" data-testid=\"message_content\" data-message-id=\"18201810874639874\"><div class=\"w-full\" data-plugin-identifier=\"Symbol(infra:receive-message-box:text)\"><div class=\"container-ZYIsnH flow-markdown-body theme-samantha-Nbr9UN\" dir=\"ltr\" data-testid=\"message_text_content\" data-show-indicator=\"false\"><h1 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">Mik\u00e4 on THT Assembly?<\/h1><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">1. Yleiskatsaus PCB-kokoonpanoon ja komponenttityyppeihin<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Painettuun piirilevyyn (PCB) asennettu komponentti on osa piirilevykokoonpanoa. Valmista levy\u00e4, jossa on kaikki osat, kutsutaan painetun piirilevyn kokoonpanoksi tai\u00a0<strong>PCBA<\/strong>. Komponentteja on kahdenlaisia.\u00a0<strong>SMD-osat<\/strong>\u00a0ovat nyky\u00e4\u00e4n yleisimpi\u00e4.\u00a0<strong>THT-osat<\/strong>\u00a0ovat perinteisi\u00e4.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2. THT:n m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">THT tarkoittaa\u00a0<strong>L\u00e4pivientireik\u00e4-tekniikka<\/strong>. Nimi kertoo sen: n\u00e4m\u00e4 osat asennetaan piirilevyss\u00e4 olevien reikien l\u00e4pi. Reikien kautta osan johtimet kulkevat levyn toiselta puolelta toiselle. Rei\u00e4t tehd\u00e4\u00e4n yleens\u00e4 johtaviksi pinnoittamalla. Pinnoitettu metalli on usein sinkki\u00e4, kuparia tai hopeaa. T\u00e4m\u00e4 metalli muodostaa s\u00e4hk\u00f6isen ja mekaanisen sillan levyn kahden puolen v\u00e4lille. Osien johtimet voidaan juottaa, jotta liitos on vahva eik\u00e4 se sy\u00f6pynyt.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">3. THT-kokoonpanomenetelm\u00e4t<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Jotkin osat voidaan juottaa reikiin k\u00e4sin. Silti tavallinen tapa on k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4\u00a0<strong>automaattinen ty\u00f6nt\u00f6laite<\/strong>. Kone ty\u00f6nt\u00e4\u00e4 osan johdot rei\u00e4n l\u00e4pi ja kiinnitt\u00e4\u00e4 johdot pienten niittien tavoin. Tulos n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 siistilt\u00e4 ja johdonmukaiselta.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">4. THT-osien t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t ominaisuudet<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Yksi monien l\u00e4pireik\u00e4isten osien ominaispiirre on, ett\u00e4 ne ovat hauraita. Ne voivat olla herkki\u00e4 l\u00e4mm\u00f6lle. Jos THT-osa kuumenee liikaa juottamisen aikana, liitos voi pett\u00e4\u00e4. Vika voi johtua siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 l\u00e4heiset j\u00e4ljet tai juotosliitokset menett\u00e4v\u00e4t kosketuksen. Jos n\u00e4in tapahtuu, levy voi lakata toimimasta tai osaa ei ehk\u00e4 saada kiinnitetty\u00e4 tarpeeksi tiukasti.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">5. THT-osien edut<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Vaikka SMD-osat ovat monissa k\u00e4ytt\u00f6tarkoituksissa korvanneet THT-osat, l\u00e4pireik\u00e4osilla on edelleen etuja. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 ovat t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t edut:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Vahva mekaaninen pito. Kun osan on kestett\u00e4v\u00e4 paljon mekaanista voimaa, l\u00e4pireik\u00e4asennus on vahvempi. Esimerkkej\u00e4 ovat p\u00e4\u00e4telaitteet ja raskaat liittimet.<\/li><li>Hyv\u00e4 suurille virroille. Jos piirilevyn on kestett\u00e4v\u00e4 suuria virtoja, l\u00e4pireik\u00e4iset osat kest\u00e4v\u00e4t usein l\u00e4mp\u00f6\u00e4 ja virtaa paremmin.<\/li><li>Sekak\u00e4ytt\u00f6 on yleist\u00e4. Useimmissa monimutkaisissa piirilevyiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n nyky\u00e4\u00e4n sek\u00e4 SMD- ett\u00e4 THT-osia yhdess\u00e4.<\/li><li>Vankka mekaaninen suorituskyky. L\u00e4pirei'itetyt osat antavat levylle erinomaisen pidon.<\/li><li>Toimii hyvin suurille tehoille. Suuritehoisille osille THT voi olla luotettavampi.<\/li><li>Alhaisemmat ensimm\u00e4isen automaation kustannukset. Pieniss\u00e4 sarjoissa l\u00e4pireik\u00e4kokoonpanon perustamiskustannukset voivat olla alhaisemmat kuin t\u00e4yden SMD-linjan perustamiskustannukset.<\/li><li>Parempi suurille osille. Jos komponentti on suuri, l\u00e4pireik\u00e4asennus on usein parempi vaihtoehto.<\/li><li>Parempi, kun tarvitaan suurta kiinnityslujuutta. Kun on kyse osista, joiden on pysytt\u00e4v\u00e4 lujasti kiinnitettyin\u00e4 my\u00f6s rasituksessa, l\u00e4pivientireik\u00e4 on suositeltavampi.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6. SMT- ja l\u00e4pivientitekniikan erot<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Termit kuten SMD, THD, THT, SMT, THM, SOIC, QFN voivat h\u00e4mment\u00e4\u00e4 uusia elektroniikan harrastajia. Mutta ideat ovat yksinkertaisempia kuin milt\u00e4 ne n\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.1 Perustermien erottelu<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li><strong>SM<\/strong>\u00a0tarkoittaa pinta-asennusta.\u00a0<strong>TH<\/strong>\u00a0tarkoittaa l\u00e4pireik\u00e4\u00e4. N\u00e4m\u00e4 kaksi termi\u00e4 viittaavat kahteen tapaan kiinnitt\u00e4\u00e4 komponentteja piirilevylle.<\/li><li>SM:n tai TH:n j\u00e4lkeen oleva kirjain voi tarkoittaa eri sanoja. Esimerkiksi T, D, M, C tai A voi tarkoittaa teknologiaa, laitetta, kiinnityst\u00e4, komponenttia tai kokoonpanoa. Ihmiset k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t niit\u00e4 v\u00e4lj\u00e4sti.<\/li><li>Esimerkki: SMD-osat valmistetaan SMT-prosesseja varten. Piirilevy\u00e4, jossa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n sek\u00e4 SMD- ett\u00e4 l\u00e4pireik\u00e4osia, kutsutaan nimell\u00e4\u00a0<strong>sekateknologia-alusta<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.2 Historiallinen tausta ja rakenteelliset erot<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Aluksi kaikki osat olivat l\u00e4pireiki\u00e4. L\u00e4pireik\u00e4isiss\u00e4 osissa on metallijohtimet. Johtimet kulkevat levyss\u00e4 olevien pinnoitettujen reikien l\u00e4pi. Sitten johdot juotetaan vastakkaisella puolella oleviin tyynyihin. L\u00e4pivientireikien poraaminen ja pinnoittaminen viev\u00e4t arvokasta tilaa piirilevyn pinnalta. T\u00e4m\u00e4 n\u00e4kyy selvemmin monikerroksisissa levyiss\u00e4. Poraus kuluttaa tilaa kaikkien kerrosten l\u00e4pi.<\/li><li>Tilan rajallisuuden lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyess\u00e4 pinta-asennustekniikka kasvoi. SMD-osat auttoivat tekem\u00e4\u00e4n pienempi\u00e4 ja kannettavampia laitteita. Pintaliitososassa voi olla johtimia tai ei. T\u00e4rkeint\u00e4 on, ett\u00e4 n\u00e4m\u00e4 osat juotetaan samalle puolelle, jossa osan runko sijaitsee. N\u00e4in ollen piirilevyn molempia puolia voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 osiin. Kullekin komponentille ei tarvita pinnoitettua l\u00e4pireik\u00e4\u00e4.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.3 Tilaa s\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4v\u00e4 suunnittelu: Vias<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Sisempien kerrosten j\u00e4lkien yhdist\u00e4miseen suunnittelijat voivat k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 seuraavia keinoja\u00a0<strong>l\u00e4piviennit<\/strong>. L\u00e4pivienti on kuin p\u00e4\u00e4llystetty l\u00e4pivientireik\u00e4, mutta paljon pienempi. L\u00e4piviennit voidaan mitoittaa yhdist\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n vain tiettyj\u00e4 kerroksia. Ne viev\u00e4t v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n tilaa kuin kokonaan pinnoitettu l\u00e4pivientireik\u00e4. L\u00e4pivientien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 s\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4 piirilevyn pinta-alaa. N\u00e4in SMD-osat mahtuvat helpommin samaan tilaan.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.4 Komponenttien koko ja kokoonpanovaatimukset<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>SMD-osat voivat olla paljon pienempi\u00e4 kuin l\u00e4pireik\u00e4osat. Johtimet voidaan poistaa ja kosketusalue voi olla osan rungon p\u00e4\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 mahdollistaa hyvin pienet osat. Monet komponentit ovat nyky\u00e4\u00e4n SMD-koteloissa. Vastukset, kondensaattorit, induktorit ja LEDit ovat kaikki SMD-pakkauksia. Jotkut SMD-osat ovat hiekanjyv\u00e4n kokoisia, kuten 0201- tai 0603-pakettikoot.<\/li><li>Pienemm\u00e4t pakkaukset s\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4v\u00e4t tilaa. Niiden ansiosta suunnittelijat voivat pakata enemm\u00e4n toimintoja pieneen piirilevyyn. Pieni koko voi kuitenkin haitata luotettavuutta. Pienten osien juottaminen vaatii suurta tarkkuutta. SMD-kokoonpanolinjoilla k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n kehittyneit\u00e4 koneita. N\u00e4ihin koneisiin kuuluvat pick-and-place-robotit, reflow-uunit ja r\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4l\u00f6idyt kaavat. Koneet maksavat paljon. SMD-kokoonpano vaatii my\u00f6s huolellista prosessinohjausta.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.5 Virheriski ja kest\u00e4vyys<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>N\u00e4iden tarpeiden vuoksi SMD-kokoonpanolinjoissa voi esiinty\u00e4 monia vikoja, jos niit\u00e4 ei ajeta hyvin. Vikoja voi olla vaikea korjata k\u00e4sin. Valmis levy voi olla herkk\u00e4. Valmistajien on k\u00e4sitelt\u00e4v\u00e4 sit\u00e4 huolellisesti.<\/li><li>Sen sijaan l\u00e4pireik\u00e4osilla varustetuissa levyiss\u00e4 on usein suurempia juotosliitoksia, jotka kattavat laajemman alueen. N\u00e4m\u00e4 suuret liitokset tekev\u00e4t levyst\u00e4 kest\u00e4v\u00e4mm\u00e4n. T\u00e4m\u00e4 sitkeys on hy\u00f6dyllist\u00e4 sotilas- ja teollisuusk\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n. Se auttaa levy\u00e4 kest\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n voimakkaita iskuja ja t\u00e4rin\u00e4\u00e4.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.6 Kustannusten vertailu<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Kustannukset ovat toinen t\u00e4rke\u00e4 tekij\u00e4. SMD-komponentit maksavat usein v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n kuin l\u00e4pireik\u00e4osat. SMT-kokoonpano voi kuitenkin olla kalliimpaa toteuttaa. Siihen tarvitaan suuria ja tarkkoja koneita.<\/li><li>L\u00e4pireik\u00e4kokoonpano voidaan tehd\u00e4 juotosraudalla ja muutamalla k\u00e4sity\u00f6kalulla pieniss\u00e4 t\u00f6iss\u00e4. Silti monien pienten SMD-osien juottaminen k\u00e4sin voi olla \u00e4rsytt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 ja hidasta.<\/li><li>Massatuotannossa SMT on nopeampi ja halvempi yksikk\u00f6\u00e4 kohden. Pieniss\u00e4 sarjoissa tai prototyypeiss\u00e4 voi olla j\u00e4rkev\u00e4\u00e4 s\u00e4ilytt\u00e4\u00e4 osa THT-kokoonpanosta k\u00e4sity\u00f6t\u00e4 varten.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.7 Nykyaikaisen sovelluksen tila<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">SMT:n t\u00e4rkein etu on suuri komponenttitiheys ja pienempi tuotevolyymi. Pyrkimys pienempiin ja tiiviimpiin laitteisiin ajoi pakkauskoot \u00e4\u00e4rirajoille. T\u00e4n\u00e4 nykyaikana THT voi tuntua vanhentuneelta. Ennusteet sen kuolemasta olivat kuitenkin ennenaikaisia. L\u00e4pireik\u00e4tekniikalla ja -komponenteilla on edelleen arvoa. Moniin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6tarkoituksiin on saatavilla sek\u00e4 l\u00e4pireik\u00e4- ett\u00e4 pinta-asennuspalveluja, ja ne ovat edullisia.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7. Kuinka valita oikea PCB-kokoonpanoprosessi<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Oikean PCB-kokoonpanoprosessin valitseminen on t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4. Valinta vaikuttaa valmistuksen tehokkuuteen, kustannuksiin ja lopputuotteen suorituskykyyn.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Piirilevyjen kokoonpanossa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n kahta p\u00e4\u00e4menetelm\u00e4\u00e4: pinta-asennustekniikkaa ja l\u00e4pivientikokoonpanoa. Pinta-asennus on k\u00e4ytetyin menetelm\u00e4. L\u00e4pivienti on nyky\u00e4\u00e4n harvinaisempi. Silti l\u00e4pivienti on edelleen suosittu joillakin teollisuudenaloilla.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Valintasi riippuu monista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4. Alla on lyhyt opas, joka auttaa sinua valitsemaan.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.1 PCB-kokoonpano: Pinta-asennustekniikka (SMT)<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Pinta-asennustekniikka on yleisin PCB-kokoonpanomenetelm\u00e4. Sit\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n monissa elektroniikkalaitteissa. Esimerkkej\u00e4 ovat USB-muistitikut, \u00e4lypuhelimet, l\u00e4\u00e4kinn\u00e4lliset laitteet ja kannettavat navigointij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">SMT:n edut valinnassa:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>SMT:n avulla voit tehd\u00e4 tuotteista pienempi\u00e4. Jos piirilevytila on tiukka, SMT on paras valinta. T\u00e4m\u00e4 p\u00e4tee malleissa, joissa on paljon vastuksia, diodeja ja pieni\u00e4 passiivisia osia.<\/li><li>SMT mahdollistaa korkean automaation. T\u00e4m\u00e4 nopeuttaa levyn kokoonpanoa. Korkea automaatio tekee suurten volyymien tuotannosta kustannustehokasta.<\/li><li>SMT on joustava ja muokattavissa. Jos sinulla on erityistarpeita, SMT pystyy vastaamaan niihin hyvin. Se voi tukea mukautettuja PCB-malleja.<\/li><li>SMT mahdollistaa osien sijoittamisen piirilevyn molemmille puolille. Kaksipuolisen kokoonpanon avulla voit tehd\u00e4 monimutkaisempia piirej\u00e4 ilman, ett\u00e4 piirilevyn pinta-ala kasvaa.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.2 PCB-kokoonpano: L\u00e4pivientireik\u00e4valmistus (THT)<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Vaikka l\u00e4pireikien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 v\u00e4henee, se on edelleen yleist\u00e4.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">THT:n edut valinnassa:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>L\u00e4pireik\u00e4iset osat sopivat suuriin komponentteihin. Esimerkkej\u00e4 ovat muuntajat, tehopuolijohteet ja elektrolyyttikondensaattorit. L\u00e4pirei\u00e4t antavat vahvemman mekaanisen sidoksen osan ja levyn v\u00e4lille.<\/li><li>T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi l\u00e4pireik\u00e4kokoonpano tarjoaa suuremman kest\u00e4vyyden ja luotettavuuden. T\u00e4m\u00e4 lis\u00e4lujuus tekee menetelm\u00e4st\u00e4 hyv\u00e4n valinnan ilmailu- ja avaruusalalle sek\u00e4 sotilasalalle.<\/li><li>Jos tuotteesi on kestett\u00e4v\u00e4 kovaa mekaanista tai ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6\u00f6n kohdistuvaa rasitusta k\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4, l\u00e4pireik\u00e4 on usein parempi valinta.<\/li><li>Jos tuotteen on toimittava suurella nopeudella ja eritt\u00e4in luotettavasti rasituksessa, l\u00e4pireik\u00e4 voi olla sopiva ratkaisu.<\/li><li>Jos tuotteen on toimittava eritt\u00e4in korkeissa tai eritt\u00e4in alhaisissa l\u00e4mp\u00f6tiloissa, l\u00e4pirei\u00e4n lujuus ja kest\u00e4vyys voivat olla parempia.<\/li><li>Jos tuotteen on toimittava korkeassa paineessa ja s\u00e4ilytett\u00e4v\u00e4 suorituskyky, l\u00e4pireik\u00e4 saattaa olla oikea ratkaisu.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.3 Hybridilevyt ja sekatekniikka<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Koska laitteet ovat yh\u00e4 pienempi\u00e4 ja monimutkaisempia, monissa sovelluksissa tarvitaan molempia kokoonpanotyyppej\u00e4. T\u00e4t\u00e4 yhdistelm\u00e4\u00e4 kutsutaan\u00a0<strong>sekatekniikka<\/strong>.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Yhdistelm\u00e4levyiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n SMD-osia, joissa miniatyrisoinnilla ja tiheydell\u00e4 on merkityst\u00e4. Siin\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n THT:t\u00e4 osiin, jotka tarvitsevat vahvempaa mekaanista tukea tai virran k\u00e4sittely\u00e4. Monissa nykyaikaisissa tuotteissa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n molempia samassa levyss\u00e4.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.4 P\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksenteossa huomioon otettavat avaintekij\u00e4t<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">T\u00e4m\u00e4 opas antaa nopean yleiskuvan, joka auttaa sinua valitsemaan oikean kokoonpanomenetelm\u00e4n. Muut tekij\u00e4t voivat kuitenkin tehd\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksest\u00e4 monimutkaisemman.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Kannattaa harkita:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Osien koko ja muoto.<\/li><li>Virta, jota niiden on kannettava.<\/li><li>Tuotteeseen kohdistuva mekaaninen rasitus.<\/li><li>L\u00e4mp\u00f6tila- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6rajat.<\/li><li>Tuotantom\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4- ja kustannustavoitteet.<\/li><li>Korjaus- ja uudelleenty\u00f6st\u00f6tarpeet.<\/li><li>Markkinoille saattamisen aika ja prototyyppien kehitt\u00e4mistarpeet.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Pieniss\u00e4 prototyypeiss\u00e4 tai korjauksissa manuaalinen l\u00e4pijuotos voi olla hyv\u00e4 ratkaisu. Massatuotannossa SMT-juottaminen on yleens\u00e4 paras yksikk\u00f6kohtainen kustannus ja pienin muototekij\u00e4.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">8. Yleisi\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n vinkkej\u00e4<\/h2><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>K\u00e4yt\u00e4 THT:t\u00e4 raskaille liittimille ja suurille teho-osille.<\/li><li>K\u00e4yt\u00e4 SMT:t\u00e4 tiheisiin piireihin, RF-osiin ja pieniin passiivisiin komponentteihin.<\/li><li>K\u00e4yt\u00e4 l\u00e4pivientej\u00e4 yhdist\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n kerroksia ja s\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n levytilaa.<\/li><li>Jos osa on saatavana vain l\u00e4pireik\u00e4isen\u00e4, suunnittele sekoitettu levy tai k\u00e4yt\u00e4 sovitinta.<\/li><li>Valitse prototyyppej\u00e4 varten menetelm\u00e4, jonka avulla voit testata nopeasti. Suurissa sarjoissa keskity kokoonpanokustannuksiin ja tuottoon.<\/li><li>Kun luotettavuus on ratkaisevan t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4, kannattaa k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 l\u00e4pireik\u00e4isi\u00e4 osia mekaanisen lujuuden varmistamiseksi. Jos koko- ja painorajoituksia on noudatettava, kannattaa k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 SMT-osia.<\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"13855\" data-end=\"13871\"><strong>Yhteenveto<\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Sek\u00e4 l\u00e4pivienti- ett\u00e4 pinta-asennustekniikoilla on omat vahvuutensa. Valitse se, joka vastaa suunnittelutavoitteitasi ja tuotantotarpeitasi. Jos tuotteesi tarvitsee sek\u00e4 lujuutta ett\u00e4 pienikokoisuutta, suunnittele sekatekniikkalevy.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">L\u00e4pireik\u00e4 PCB-kokoonpano ja SMT-kokoonpanopalvelut ovat laajalti saatavilla. Hinnat ovat kohtuulliset. Jos tarvitset apua oikean prosessin valinnassa, listaa tuotetarpeesi ja -rajoituksesi. Vertaile sitten vaihtoehtoja kustannusten, luotettavuuden ja valmistettavuuden perusteella.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"suggest-message-list-wrapper-Hn7Sfr\" data-testid=\"suggest_message_list\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"top-lAPxtl\"><div class=\"container-arOxqB chrome70-container\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is THT Assembly? 1. Overview of PCB Assembly and Component Types A component that is mounted on a printed [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1919,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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data-testid=\\\"message_text_content\\\" data-show-indicator=\\\"false\\\"><h1 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">What is THT Assembly?<\\\/h1><h2 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">1. Overview of PCB Assembly and Component Types<\\\/h2><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">A component that is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) is part of the board assembly. The finished board with all parts is called a printed circuit board assembly, or\\u00a0<strong>PCBA<\\\/strong>. There are two main kinds of components.\\u00a0<strong>SMD parts<\\\/strong>\\u00a0are the most common today.\\u00a0<strong>THT parts<\\\/strong>\\u00a0are the traditional kind.<\\\/div><h2 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">2. Definition of THT<\\\/h2><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">THT stands for\\u00a0<strong>Through-Hole Technology<\\\/strong>. The name says it: these parts are mounted through holes in the PCB. The holes let the part leads pass from one side of the board to the other. The holes are usually made conductive by plating. The plated metal is often zinc, copper, or silver. This metal creates an electrical and mechanical bridge between the two sides of the board. The part leads can be soldered so the joint is strong and does not corrode.<\\\/div><h2 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">3. THT Assembly Methods<\\\/h2><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Some parts can be soldered into holes by hand. Still, the usual way is to use an\\u00a0<strong>automatic insertion machine<\\\/strong>. The machine pushes the part leads through the hole and clinches the leads like small rivets. The result looks neat and consistent.<\\\/div><h2 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">4. Key Feature of THT Parts<\\\/h2><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">One feature of many through-hole parts is that they are fragile. They can be sensitive to heat. If a THT part gets too hot during soldering, the connection can fail. A failure may happen because nearby traces or solder joints lose contact. If that happens, the board may stop working or the part may not be fixed tight enough to hold.<\\\/div><h2 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">5. Advantages of THT Parts<\\\/h2><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Even though SMD parts have replaced THT in many uses, through-hole parts still have advantages. Here are the main benefits:<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><ul class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\"><li>Strong mechanical hold. When a part must resist a lot of mechanical force, through-hole mounting is stronger. Examples include terminal blocks and heavy connectors.<\\\/li><li>Good for high current. If the board must carry large currents, through-hole parts often handle heat and current better.<\\\/li><li>Mixed use is common. Most complex PCBs today use both SMD and THT parts together.<\\\/li><li>Robust mechanical performance. Through-hole parts give excellent grip to the board.<\\\/li><li>Works well for high power. For high-power parts, THT can be more reliable.<\\\/li><li>Lower first-time automation cost. For small runs, the initial cost to set up through-hole assembly can be lower than a full SMD line.<\\\/li><li>Better for large parts. If the component is large, through-hole mounting is often the better choice.<\\\/li><li>Better when high mounting strength is needed. For parts that must stay firmly fixed under stress, through-hole is preferred.<\\\/li><\\\/ul><h2 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">6. Differences Between SMT and Through-Hole Technology<\\\/h2><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Terms like SMD, THD, THT, SMT, THM, SOIC, QFN can confuse new electronic hobbyists. But the ideas are simpler than they look.<\\\/div><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">6.1 Basic Term Distinction<\\\/h3><ul class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\"><li><strong>SM<\\\/strong>\\u00a0means surface mount.\\u00a0<strong>TH<\\\/strong>\\u00a0means through-hole. These two terms point to two ways to mount components on a PCB.<\\\/li><li>A letter after SM or TH can stand for different words. For example, T, D, M, C, or A can mean technology, device, mount, component, or assembly. People use them loosely.<\\\/li><li>Example: SMD parts are made for SMT processes. A board that uses both SMD and through-hole parts is called a\\u00a0<strong>mixed-technology board<\\\/strong>.<\\\/li><\\\/ul><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">6.2 Historical Background &amp; Structural Differences<\\\/h3><ul class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\"><li>At first, all parts were through-hole. Through-hole parts have metal leads. The leads go through plated holes in the board. Then the leads are soldered to pads on the opposite side. Drilling and plated through holes take up valuable space on the PCB surface. This is more visible on multi-layer boards. Drilling uses up space through all layers.<\\\/li><li>As space became more limited, surface-mount technology grew. SMD parts helped make smaller and more portable devices. A surface-mount part may or may not have leads. The main point is that these parts are soldered on the same side where the part body sits. So both sides of the board can be used for parts. No plated through-hole is needed for each component.<\\\/li><\\\/ul><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">6.3 Space-Saving Design: Vias<\\\/h3><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">To connect traces in inner layers, designers can use\\u00a0<strong>vias<\\\/strong>. A via is like a plated through hole but much smaller. Vias can be sized to link only certain layers. They take less space than a full plated through hole. Using vias saves PCB area. This helps SMD parts fit in the same footprint more easily.<\\\/div><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">6.4 Component Size &amp; Assembly Requirements<\\\/h3><ul class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\"><li>SMD parts can be much smaller than through-hole parts. Leads can be removed and the contact area can be the end of the part body. This allows very tiny parts. Many components now come in SMD packages. Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and LEDs all come as SMDs. Some SMD parts are as small as a grain of sand, like the 0201 or 0603 package sizes.<\\\/li><li>Smaller packages save space. They let designers pack more function into a small board. But small size can hurt reliability. Soldering tiny parts needs high accuracy. SMD assembly lines use advanced machines. These machines include pick-and-place robots, reflow ovens, and custom stencils. The machines cost a lot. SMD assembly also needs careful process control.<\\\/li><\\\/ul><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">6.5 Defect Risk &amp; Durability<\\\/h3><ul class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\"><li>Because of those needs, SMD assembly lines can show many defects if not run well. The defects may be hard to fix by hand. The finished board can be delicate. Makers must handle it carefully.<\\\/li><li>By contrast, boards with through-hole parts often have larger solder joints that cover a wider area. These large joints make the board tougher. This toughness is useful for military and industrial uses. It helps the board withstand strong shocks and vibration.<\\\/li><\\\/ul><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">6.6 Cost Comparison<\\\/h3><ul class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\"><li>Cost is another important factor. SMD components often cost less than through-hole parts. But SMT assembly can be more expensive to set up. It needs big, precise machines.<\\\/li><li>Through-hole assembly can be done with a soldering iron and some manual tools for small jobs. Still, hand-soldering many small SMD parts can be annoying and slow.<\\\/li><li>For mass production, SMT is faster and cheaper per unit. For small runs or prototypes, keeping some THT assembly for hand work can make sense.<\\\/li><\\\/ul><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">6.7 Modern Application Status<\\\/h3><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">SMT\\u2019s main benefit is high component density and smaller product volume. The drive for smaller and tighter devices pushed package sizes to the limit. In this modern age, THT can seem out of date. Still, predictions of its death were premature. Through-hole technology and components still have value. For many uses, both through-hole and surface-mount assembly services are available and affordable.<\\\/div><h2 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">7. How to Choose the Right PCB Assembly Process<\\\/h2><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Picking the right PCB assembly process is important. The choice affects manufacturing efficiency, cost, and the final product\\u2019s performance.<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Two main methods are used for PCB assembly: surface-mount technology and through-hole assembly. Surface-mount is the most used method. Through-hole is less common now. Still, through-hole remains popular in some industries.<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Your choice depends on many factors. Below is a short guide to help you choose.<\\\/div><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">7.1 PCB Assembly: Surface-Mount Technology (SMT)<\\\/h3><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Surface-mount technology is the most common PCB assembly method. It is used in many electronics. Examples include USB flash drives, smartphones, medical devices, and portable navigation systems.<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">SMT advantages for selection:<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><ul class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\"><li>SMT lets you make products smaller. If board space is tight, SMT is the best choice. This is true for designs with many resistors, diodes, and small passive parts.<\\\/li><li>SMT allows high automation. This leads to faster board assembly. High automation makes large volume production cost-effective.<\\\/li><li>SMT is flexible and customizable. If you have special needs, SMT can match them well. It can support custom PCB designs.<\\\/li><li>SMT allows parts to be placed on both sides of the PCB. Double-sided assembly lets you make more complex circuits without increasing board area.<\\\/li><\\\/ul><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">7.2 PCB Assembly: Through-Hole Manufacturing (THT)<\\\/h3><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Even though through-hole use is falling, it is still common.<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">THT advantages for selection:<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><ul class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\"><li>Through-hole parts fit large components. Examples include transformers, power semiconductors, and electrolytic capacitors. Through-hole gives a stronger mechanical bond between the part and the board.<\\\/li><li>Because of this, through-hole assembly offers higher durability and reliability. This extra strength makes the method a good choice for aerospace and military sectors.<\\\/li><li>If your product must resist high mechanical or environmental stress in use, through-hole is often the better choice.<\\\/li><li>If the product must run at high speed and with high reliability under stress, through-hole may be suitable.<\\\/li><li>If the product must work at very high or very low temperatures, through-hole\\u2019s strength and durability may be better.<\\\/li><li>If the product must work under high pressure and keep performance, through-hole might be right.<\\\/li><\\\/ul><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">7.3 Hybrid Boards and Mixed Technology<\\\/h3><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Because devices keep getting smaller and more complex, many applications need both assembly types. This combination is called\\u00a0<strong>mixed technology<\\\/strong>.<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">A mixed board uses SMD parts where miniaturization and density matter. It uses THT for parts that need stronger mechanical support or current handling. Many modern products use both on the same board.<\\\/div><h3 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">7.4 Key Factors to Consider When Deciding<\\\/h3><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">This guide gives a quick view to help you choose the right assembly method. Still, other factors can make the decision more complex.<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">You should consider:<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><ul class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\"><li>The size and shape of your parts.<\\\/li><li>The current they must carry.<\\\/li><li>The mechanical stress the product will face.<\\\/li><li>Temperature and environmental limits.<\\\/li><li>Production volume and cost targets.<\\\/li><li>Repair and rework needs.<\\\/li><li>Time to market and prototyping needs.<\\\/li><\\\/ul><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">For small prototypes or repairs, manual through-hole soldering may be fine. For mass production, SMT usually gives the best cost per unit and the smallest form factor.<\\\/div><h2 class=\\\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\">8. Common Practical Tips<\\\/h2><ul class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\\\"><li>Use THT for heavy connectors and large power parts.<\\\/li><li>Use SMT for dense circuits, RF parts, and tiny passives.<\\\/li><li>Use vias to connect layers and save board space.<\\\/li><li>If a part is available only in through-hole, plan a mixed board or use an adapter.<\\\/li><li>For prototypes, choose the method that lets you test quickly. For large runs, focus on assembly cost and yield.<\\\/li><li>When reliability is critical, lean to through-hole parts for mechanical strength. For size and weight limits, use SMT.<\\\/li><\\\/ul><h2 data-start=\\\"13855\\\" data-end=\\\"13871\\\"><strong>Summary<\\\/strong><\\\/h2><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Both through-hole and surface-mount technologies have strengths. Choose the one that matches your design goals and production needs. If your product needs both strength and compactness, plan a mixed-technology board.<\\\/div><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p><div class=\\\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\\\">Through-hole PCB assembly and SMT assembly services are widely available. Prices are reasonable. If you need help selecting the correct process, list your product needs and limits. 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class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-db92cfa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"db92cfa\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"49aa1f7","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<div class=\"inter-jQQQ8P\"><div class=\"container-PrUkKo\"><div class=\"item-hGGxLi\"><div class=\"container-arOxqB chrome70-container\"><div class=\"inner-FyM8gE inner-item-swzCut\" data-target-id=\"message-box-target-id\" data-testid=\"union_message\"><div class=\"message-block-container-aFugD6\" data-testid=\"message-block-container\"><div class=\"flex flex-row w-full w-full max-w-full s-font-base text-s-color-text-secondary p-0 rounded-s-radius-s bg-transparent group data-[attr=select-mode]:-mt-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:py-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:px-16 data-[attr=select-mode]:sm:p-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:hover:bg-s-color-bg-base data-[attr=select-mode]:hover:rounded-s-radius-xs data-[attr=select-mode]:has-[:checked]:bg-s-color-bg-trans data-[attr=select-mode]:has-[:checked]:rounded-s-radius-xs data-[attr=select-mode]:pointer-events-none\" data-testid=\"receive_message\"><div class=\"flex flex-col flex-grow max-w-full min-w-0\"><div class=\"flex flex-row w-full\" data-testid=\"message_content\" data-message-id=\"18201810874639874\"><div class=\"w-full\" data-plugin-identifier=\"Symbol(infra:receive-message-box:text)\"><div class=\"container-ZYIsnH flow-markdown-body theme-samantha-Nbr9UN\" dir=\"ltr\" data-testid=\"message_text_content\" data-show-indicator=\"false\"><h1 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">What is THT Assembly?<\/h1><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">1. Overview of PCB Assembly and Component Types<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">A component that is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) is part of the board assembly. The finished board with all parts is called a printed circuit board assembly, or\u00a0<strong>PCBA<\/strong>. There are two main kinds of components.\u00a0<strong>SMD parts<\/strong>\u00a0are the most common today.\u00a0<strong>THT parts<\/strong>\u00a0are the traditional kind.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2. Definition of THT<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">THT stands for\u00a0<strong>Through-Hole Technology<\/strong>. The name says it: these parts are mounted through holes in the PCB. The holes let the part leads pass from one side of the board to the other. The holes are usually made conductive by plating. The plated metal is often zinc, copper, or silver. This metal creates an electrical and mechanical bridge between the two sides of the board. The part leads can be soldered so the joint is strong and does not corrode.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">3. THT Assembly Methods<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Some parts can be soldered into holes by hand. Still, the usual way is to use an\u00a0<strong>automatic insertion machine<\/strong>. The machine pushes the part leads through the hole and clinches the leads like small rivets. The result looks neat and consistent.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">4. Key Feature of THT Parts<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">One feature of many through-hole parts is that they are fragile. They can be sensitive to heat. If a THT part gets too hot during soldering, the connection can fail. A failure may happen because nearby traces or solder joints lose contact. If that happens, the board may stop working or the part may not be fixed tight enough to hold.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">5. Advantages of THT Parts<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Even though SMD parts have replaced THT in many uses, through-hole parts still have advantages. Here are the main benefits:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Strong mechanical hold. When a part must resist a lot of mechanical force, through-hole mounting is stronger. Examples include terminal blocks and heavy connectors.<\/li><li>Good for high current. If the board must carry large currents, through-hole parts often handle heat and current better.<\/li><li>Mixed use is common. Most complex PCBs today use both SMD and THT parts together.<\/li><li>Robust mechanical performance. Through-hole parts give excellent grip to the board.<\/li><li>Works well for high power. For high-power parts, THT can be more reliable.<\/li><li>Lower first-time automation cost. For small runs, the initial cost to set up through-hole assembly can be lower than a full SMD line.<\/li><li>Better for large parts. If the component is large, through-hole mounting is often the better choice.<\/li><li>Better when high mounting strength is needed. For parts that must stay firmly fixed under stress, through-hole is preferred.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6. Differences Between SMT and Through-Hole Technology<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Terms like SMD, THD, THT, SMT, THM, SOIC, QFN can confuse new electronic hobbyists. But the ideas are simpler than they look.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.1 Basic Term Distinction<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li><strong>SM<\/strong>\u00a0means surface mount.\u00a0<strong>TH<\/strong>\u00a0means through-hole. These two terms point to two ways to mount components on a PCB.<\/li><li>A letter after SM or TH can stand for different words. For example, T, D, M, C, or A can mean technology, device, mount, component, or assembly. People use them loosely.<\/li><li>Example: SMD parts are made for SMT processes. A board that uses both SMD and through-hole parts is called a\u00a0<strong>mixed-technology board<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.2 Historical Background &amp; Structural Differences<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>At first, all parts were through-hole. Through-hole parts have metal leads. The leads go through plated holes in the board. Then the leads are soldered to pads on the opposite side. Drilling and plated through holes take up valuable space on the PCB surface. This is more visible on multi-layer boards. Drilling uses up space through all layers.<\/li><li>As space became more limited, surface-mount technology grew. SMD parts helped make smaller and more portable devices. A surface-mount part may or may not have leads. The main point is that these parts are soldered on the same side where the part body sits. So both sides of the board can be used for parts. No plated through-hole is needed for each component.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.3 Space-Saving Design: Vias<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">To connect traces in inner layers, designers can use\u00a0<strong>vias<\/strong>. A via is like a plated through hole but much smaller. Vias can be sized to link only certain layers. They take less space than a full plated through hole. Using vias saves PCB area. This helps SMD parts fit in the same footprint more easily.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.4 Component Size &amp; Assembly Requirements<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>SMD parts can be much smaller than through-hole parts. Leads can be removed and the contact area can be the end of the part body. This allows very tiny parts. Many components now come in SMD packages. Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and LEDs all come as SMDs. Some SMD parts are as small as a grain of sand, like the 0201 or 0603 package sizes.<\/li><li>Smaller packages save space. They let designers pack more function into a small board. But small size can hurt reliability. Soldering tiny parts needs high accuracy. SMD assembly lines use advanced machines. These machines include pick-and-place robots, reflow ovens, and custom stencils. The machines cost a lot. SMD assembly also needs careful process control.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.5 Defect Risk &amp; Durability<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Because of those needs, SMD assembly lines can show many defects if not run well. The defects may be hard to fix by hand. The finished board can be delicate. Makers must handle it carefully.<\/li><li>By contrast, boards with through-hole parts often have larger solder joints that cover a wider area. These large joints make the board tougher. This toughness is useful for military and industrial uses. It helps the board withstand strong shocks and vibration.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.6 Cost Comparison<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Cost is another important factor. SMD components often cost less than through-hole parts. But SMT assembly can be more expensive to set up. It needs big, precise machines.<\/li><li>Through-hole assembly can be done with a soldering iron and some manual tools for small jobs. Still, hand-soldering many small SMD parts can be annoying and slow.<\/li><li>For mass production, SMT is faster and cheaper per unit. For small runs or prototypes, keeping some THT assembly for hand work can make sense.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.7 Modern Application Status<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">SMT\u2019s main benefit is high component density and smaller product volume. The drive for smaller and tighter devices pushed package sizes to the limit. In this modern age, THT can seem out of date. Still, predictions of its death were premature. Through-hole technology and components still have value. For many uses, both through-hole and surface-mount assembly services are available and affordable.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7. How to Choose the Right PCB Assembly Process<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Picking the right PCB assembly process is important. The choice affects manufacturing efficiency, cost, and the final product\u2019s performance.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Two main methods are used for PCB assembly: surface-mount technology and through-hole assembly. Surface-mount is the most used method. Through-hole is less common now. Still, through-hole remains popular in some industries.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Your choice depends on many factors. Below is a short guide to help you choose.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.1 PCB Assembly: Surface-Mount Technology (SMT)<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Surface-mount technology is the most common PCB assembly method. It is used in many electronics. Examples include USB flash drives, smartphones, medical devices, and portable navigation systems.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">SMT advantages for selection:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>SMT lets you make products smaller. If board space is tight, SMT is the best choice. This is true for designs with many resistors, diodes, and small passive parts.<\/li><li>SMT allows high automation. This leads to faster board assembly. High automation makes large volume production cost-effective.<\/li><li>SMT is flexible and customizable. If you have special needs, SMT can match them well. It can support custom PCB designs.<\/li><li>SMT allows parts to be placed on both sides of the PCB. Double-sided assembly lets you make more complex circuits without increasing board area.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.2 PCB Assembly: Through-Hole Manufacturing (THT)<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Even though through-hole use is falling, it is still common.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">THT advantages for selection:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Through-hole parts fit large components. Examples include transformers, power semiconductors, and electrolytic capacitors. Through-hole gives a stronger mechanical bond between the part and the board.<\/li><li>Because of this, through-hole assembly offers higher durability and reliability. This extra strength makes the method a good choice for aerospace and military sectors.<\/li><li>If your product must resist high mechanical or environmental stress in use, through-hole is often the better choice.<\/li><li>If the product must run at high speed and with high reliability under stress, through-hole may be suitable.<\/li><li>If the product must work at very high or very low temperatures, through-hole\u2019s strength and durability may be better.<\/li><li>If the product must work under high pressure and keep performance, through-hole might be right.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.3 Hybrid Boards and Mixed Technology<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Because devices keep getting smaller and more complex, many applications need both assembly types. This combination is called\u00a0<strong>mixed technology<\/strong>.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">A mixed board uses SMD parts where miniaturization and density matter. It uses THT for parts that need stronger mechanical support or current handling. Many modern products use both on the same board.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.4 Key Factors to Consider When Deciding<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">This guide gives a quick view to help you choose the right assembly method. Still, other factors can make the decision more complex.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">You should consider:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>The size and shape of your parts.<\/li><li>The current they must carry.<\/li><li>The mechanical stress the product will face.<\/li><li>Temperature and environmental limits.<\/li><li>Production volume and cost targets.<\/li><li>Repair and rework needs.<\/li><li>Time to market and prototyping needs.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">For small prototypes or repairs, manual through-hole soldering may be fine. For mass production, SMT usually gives the best cost per unit and the smallest form factor.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">8. Common Practical Tips<\/h2><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Use THT for heavy connectors and large power parts.<\/li><li>Use SMT for dense circuits, RF parts, and tiny passives.<\/li><li>Use vias to connect layers and save board space.<\/li><li>If a part is available only in through-hole, plan a mixed board or use an adapter.<\/li><li>For prototypes, choose the method that lets you test quickly. For large runs, focus on assembly cost and yield.<\/li><li>When reliability is critical, lean to through-hole parts for mechanical strength. For size and weight limits, use SMT.<\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"13855\" data-end=\"13871\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Both through-hole and surface-mount technologies have strengths. Choose the one that matches your design goals and production needs. If your product needs both strength and compactness, plan a mixed-technology board.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Through-hole PCB assembly and SMT assembly services are widely available. Prices are reasonable. If you need help selecting the correct process, list your product needs and limits. Then compare the options by cost, reliability, and manufacturability.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"suggest-message-list-wrapper-Hn7Sfr\" data-testid=\"suggest_message_list\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"top-lAPxtl\"><div class=\"container-arOxqB chrome70-container\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"c9a48f5"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-1925.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-1925.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"What is THT Assembly? 1. Overview of PCB Assembly and Component Types A component that is mounted on a printed [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1925"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3487,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1925\/revisions\/3487"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}