{"id":2398,"date":"2025-09-04T06:51:53","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T06:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=2398"},"modified":"2025-09-26T06:15:21","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T06:15:21","slug":"enig-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/pcb-manufacturer\/enig-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"ENIG - yleiskatsaus ja yksityiskohdat"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2398\" class=\"elementor elementor-2398\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bd3b36 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3bd3b36\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9c876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f9c876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\">ENIG tarkoittaa Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. Ihmiset kutsuvat sit\u00e4 my\u00f6s kemialliseksi nikkelin upotuskullaksi. Sit\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n painettujen piirilevyjen (PCB) pintak\u00e4sittelyn\u00e4. Ihmiset lyhent\u00e4v\u00e4t sen usein ENIG:ksi tai kutsuvat sit\u00e4 kemialliseksi kultalevyksi. Nyky\u00e4\u00e4n monet <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/pcb-assembly\/\">PCBA<\/a> matkapuhelinten sis\u00e4ll\u00e4 olevat piirilevyt k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t ENIG:t\u00e4. <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> kantolevyt k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t my\u00f6s ENIG:i\u00e4.<\/p><p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2804\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB-300x182.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"695\">Verrattuna galvanoituun nikkeli-kultaan ENIG ei tarvitse s\u00e4hk\u00f6\u00e4 levyll\u00e4 pinnoitusvaiheiden aikana. Siin\u00e4 ei my\u00f6sk\u00e4\u00e4n tarvitse vet\u00e4\u00e4 lankaa jokaiseen tyynyyn nikkelin ja kullan levitt\u00e4miseksi. Koska prosessi on yksinkertaisempi, tuottajat voivat valmistaa monia levyj\u00e4 nopeasti. Tuloksena on suurempi tuotanto ja alhaisemmat kustannukset.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"719\">ENIG-tuotantovirta<\/h1><p data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"861\">Seuraavassa on kaksi yleist\u00e4 tuotantosekvenssi\u00e4. Ensimm\u00e4inen on normaali ENIG-virtaus. Toinen on paksun kullan virtaus padeille, jotka tarvitsevat enemm\u00e4n kultaa.<\/p><p data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"427\"><strong data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"71\">Tyypillinen ENIG-virtaus:<\/strong><br data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"74\" \/>Vaakasuora esipuhdistus \u2192 Levyjen lataaminen \u2192 Rasvanpoisto (\u00f6ljynpoisto) \u2192 Huuhtelu vedell\u00e4 (x2) \u2192 Mikroetsaus \u2192 Huuhtelu vedell\u00e4 (x2) \u2192 Happopuhdistus \u2192 Puhdasvesihuuhtelu (x2) \u2192 Esikastaminen \u2192 Aktivointi \u2192 Puhdasvesihuuhtelu (x3) \u2192 Kemiallinen nikkelipinnoite (Ni\/P) \u2192 Puhdasvesihuuhtelu (x2) \u2192 Upotuskultaus \u2192 Palautus \u2192 Puhdasvesihuuhtelu (x2) \u2192 Purkaminen \u2192 Levyn pesu \u2192 Levyn tarkastus<\/p><p data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"814\"><strong data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"449\">Paksukultainen virtaus:<\/strong><br data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"452\" \/>Vaakasuora esipuhdistus \u2192 Levyjen lataaminen \u2192 Rasvanpoisto \u2192 Huuhtelu vedell\u00e4 (x2) \u2192 Mikroetsaus \u2192 Huuhtelu vedell\u00e4 (x2) \u2192 Happopuhdistus \u2192 Puhdasvesihuuhtelu (x2) \u2192 Esikastelu \u2192 Aktivointi \u2192 Puhdasvesihuuhtelu (x3) \u2192 Kemiallinen nikkelipinnoite (Ni\/P) \u2192 Puhdasvesihuuhtelu (x2) \u2192 Kullan esikastelu \u2192 Paksu kultapinnoite \u2192 Talteenotto \u2192 Puhdasvesihuuhtelu (x2) \u2192 Purkaminen \u2192 Levyjen pesu \u2192 Levyjen tarkastus<\/p><h1 data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1852\">T\u00e4rkeimpien vaiheiden selitykset - yksinkertaiset<\/h1><p data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"2020\">Esik\u00e4sittely: Tavoitteena on harjata tai hiekkapuhaltaa kupari oksidien poistamiseksi. T\u00e4m\u00e4 my\u00f6s karhentaa kuparin pinnan. Karheus auttaa nikkeli\u00e4 ja kultaa tarttumaan my\u00f6hemmin paremmin.<\/p><p data-start=\"2022\" data-end=\"2228\">Mikroetsaus: K\u00e4yt\u00e4 natriumpersulfaattia tai rikkihappoa kuparin oksidin poistamiseen. Micro-etch v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s harjauksen aiheuttamia syvi\u00e4 naarmuja. Syv\u00e4t harjausj\u00e4ljet voivat auttaa upotuskultaa hy\u00f6kk\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n nikkeliin my\u00f6hemmin.<\/p><p data-start=\"2230\" data-end=\"2566\">Aktivointi: Kupari ei voi k\u00e4ynnist\u00e4\u00e4 kemiallista nikkelipinnoitusta itsest\u00e4\u00e4n. Siksi kuparin p\u00e4\u00e4lle laitetaan ensin ohut kerros palladiumia (Pd). Palladium toimii katalysaattorina nikkelin laskeutumisessa. Kemiassa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n hyv\u00e4ksi sit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 kupari on aktiivisempi kuin palladium. Palladiumionit pelkistyv\u00e4t palladiummetalliksi ja tarttuvat kuparin pintaan.<\/p><p data-start=\"2568\" data-end=\"2881\">Kemiallinen nikkeli (Ni\/P): T\u00e4m\u00e4 on nikkeli-fosforiesiintym\u00e4. Sen p\u00e4\u00e4asiallinen teht\u00e4v\u00e4 on est\u00e4\u00e4 kuparin ja kullan v\u00e4linen siirtyminen ja diffuusio. Se reagoi my\u00f6s juottamisen aikana juotteen kanssa muodostaen metallien v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 yhdisteit\u00e4 (IMC). Toisin sanoen nikkelikerros est\u00e4\u00e4 kuparia siirtym\u00e4st\u00e4 juotteeseen ja auttaa juotoksen sitoutumista.<\/p><p data-start=\"2883\" data-end=\"3365\">Upotuskulta: Kulta suojaa nikkeli\u00e4 hapettumiselta. Kulta ei reagoi juotoskemiassa. Liian suuri m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 kultaa voi heikent\u00e4\u00e4 juotosliitoksen lujuutta. Kultakerroksen on siis vain peitett\u00e4v\u00e4 nikkeli\u00e4 riitt\u00e4v\u00e4n hyvin hapettumisen est\u00e4miseksi. Jos teet Chip On Board (COB) -langan liimausta, tarvitset paksumman kultakerroksen. Useimmissa pintalevyiss\u00e4 ohut, noin 0,05 \u00b5m (2 \u00b5\u201d) tai ohuempi kerros on yleinen. T\u00e4t\u00e4 ohutta kerrosta on helppo hallita ja se alentaa kustannuksia verrattuna galvanoituun nikkeli-kultaan.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3403\">Miksi ENIG-kulta on ohut ja riski<\/h1><p data-start=\"3405\" data-end=\"3797\">Koska ENIG-kulta on hyvin ohutta, se suojaa nikkeli\u00e4 vain ilmalta ja korroosiolta. Jos kultaa ei ole riitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti, nikkeli joutuu kosketuksiin ilman kanssa ja sy\u00f6pyy. Tai kulta voi sy\u00f6vytty\u00e4 liikaa happaman kultakylvyn vaikutuksesta. Molemmat tapaukset voivat aiheuttaa \u201cmustaa nikkeli\u00e4\u201d tai \u201cmustaa tyyny\u00e4\u201d. Kultakerros voi silti n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 silm\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isesti kiilt\u00e4v\u00e4lt\u00e4. Silm\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen tarkastus ei siis ole luotettava. On eritt\u00e4in t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 tarkistaa ENIG-piirilevyn laatu ennen kokoonpanoa.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3799\" data-end=\"3846\">Musta nikkeli - miten se muodostuu ja miksi se on huono asia<\/h1><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\">Nikkelikerroksen laatu riippuu nikkelikylvyn koostumuksesta ja l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan hallinnasta kemiallisen pinnoituksen aikana. My\u00f6s upotuskultavaihe vaikuttaa tulokseen. Kemiallisessa nikkeliprosessissa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n hypofosfiittia (natriumhypofosfiittia) ja nikkelisuoloja itsekatalysoituvassa reaktiossa. Laskeuma sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 jonkin verran fosforia (P). Tutkimukset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 nikkelikerrostuman normaalin fosforipitoisuuden pit\u00e4isi olla noin 7% - 10%. Jos kylpy\u00e4 ei pidet\u00e4 hyvin tai l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan s\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6 ep\u00e4onnistuu, fosforipitoisuus laskee t\u00e4m\u00e4n alueen ulkopuolelle.<\/p><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2805\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"PCB Black Nickel Phenomenon\" width=\"600\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon-300x120.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"4370\" data-end=\"4648\">Jos fosforia on liian v\u00e4h\u00e4n, nikkelikerros sy\u00f6pyy helposti. Korroosio alkaa usein siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 hapan kultakylpy hy\u00f6kk\u00e4\u00e4 nikkeliin. Jos fosforia on liian paljon, kerrostumasta tulee kova. Se heikent\u00e4\u00e4 juotettavuutta. Se haittaa my\u00f6s luotettavien juotosliitosten muodostumista.<\/p><p data-start=\"4650\" data-end=\"4968\">Jos nikkelikerroksen fosforipitoisuus on alhainen ja jos upotuskultavaihetta ei hoideta hyvin, kultakerros voi halkeilla paljon. My\u00f6hemm\u00e4ss\u00e4 puhdistuksessa hapanta kultakylpy\u00e4 voi olla vaikea poistaa. Altistunut nikkeli sy\u00f6pyy nopeammin ilmassa. T\u00e4m\u00e4 johtaa mustaan nikkeliin, jota kutsutaan my\u00f6s mustaksi tyynyksi. Musta tyyny aiheuttaa huonoja juotosliitoksia.<\/p><p data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"5382\">Kun mustaa nikkeli\u00e4 muodostuu, levyn pinnalla oleva kultakerros voi edelleen n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 kiilt\u00e4v\u00e4lt\u00e4 ja kultaiselta. Ihmiset saattavat siis ajatella, ett\u00e4 alusta on kunnossa. Korkean l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan juottamisen aikana kultakerros liukenee nopeasti juotospastaan. Sy\u00f6vytetty nikkeli ei voi reagoida sulan juotteen kanssa muodostaen intermetallikomposiittia (IMC). T\u00e4m\u00e4 heikent\u00e4\u00e4 juotosliitoksen luotettavuutta. Liitokset murtuvat helposti pienist\u00e4 ulkoisista voimista.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"5384\" data-end=\"5428\">Fosforirikas kerros - muodostuminen ja haitat<\/h1><p data-start=\"5430\" data-end=\"5808\">ENIG:ss\u00e4 metalli, joka seostuu juotteen kanssa, on nikkeli. Tyypillinen metallienv\u00e4linen yhdiste (IMC) on Ni3Sn4. Nikkeliss\u00e4 oleva fosfori ei yhdist\u00e4 metalliyhdistett\u00e4. Fosforia on kuitenkin nikkelikerrostumassa ja se on jakautunut tasaisesti. Kun nikkeli reagoi ja muodostaa IMC:n, j\u00e4ljelle j\u00e4\u00e4nyt fosfori ker\u00e4\u00e4ntyy. Se keskittyy IMC:n reunalle ja muodostaa fosforirikkaan kerroksen.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\">Jos fosforirikas kerros on liian paksu, sen lujuus on alhainen. Kun juotosliitokseen kohdistuu rasitusta, heikoin kohta murtuu ensin. Usein fosforirikas kerros on t\u00e4m\u00e4 heikko kohta. Silloin juotosliitoksen luotettavuus heikkenee.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2806\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"Phosphorus-rich layer phenomenon\" width=\"574\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp 574w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon-300x230.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"6031\" data-end=\"6503\">T\u00e4m\u00e4 on pahempaa korkean l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan lyijytt\u00f6miss\u00e4 prosesseissa. Jos prosessin hallinta on huono, IMC:st\u00e4 tulee paksua. Enemm\u00e4n IMC:t\u00e4 tarkoittaa enemm\u00e4n j\u00e4ljelle j\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 fosforia. Niinp\u00e4 fosforirikas kerros kasvaa. Tuloksena on suurempi riski juotosliitoksen pett\u00e4miseen. Fosforirikas kerros n\u00e4kyy tummana kaistaleena IMC:n ja nikkelin v\u00e4liss\u00e4. Energiadispersiivinen r\u00f6ntgenspektroskopia (EDS) osoittaa, ett\u00e4 t\u00e4ss\u00e4 kaistassa on eritt\u00e4in korkea fosforipitoisuus. Monet vikatapaukset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 fosforirikas kerros aiheuttaa liitoksen halkeilua.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"6505\" data-end=\"6560\">Miten est\u00e4\u00e4 musta nikkeli ja fosforirikas kerros<\/h1><p data-start=\"6562\" data-end=\"6733\">Sek\u00e4 musta nikkeli ett\u00e4 fosforirikkaat kerrokset ovat piilovikoja. Ne voivat j\u00e4\u00e4d\u00e4 huomaamatta tavanomaisissa silm\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isiss\u00e4 tarkastuksissa. Mutta jos tied\u00e4mme niiden syyt, voimme ehk\u00e4ist\u00e4 ne hyvill\u00e4 tarkastuksilla.<\/p><p data-start=\"6735\" data-end=\"6752\">Mustalle nikkelille:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"7187\"><li data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"6876\"><p data-start=\"6755\" data-end=\"6876\">Yll\u00e4pid\u00e4 nikkelipinnoituskylpy ja pid\u00e4 l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila vakaana. T\u00e4m\u00e4 auttaa pit\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n nikkelin ja fosforin suhteen oikealla alueella.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"6963\"><p data-start=\"6879\" data-end=\"6963\">S\u00e4ilyt\u00e4 hapanta kultakylpy\u00e4. Jos kultakylpy on liian sy\u00f6vytt\u00e4v\u00e4, s\u00e4\u00e4d\u00e4 sit\u00e4 ajoissa.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6964\" data-end=\"7043\"><p data-start=\"6966\" data-end=\"7043\">Valvo esik\u00e4sittely\u00e4 hyvin. V\u00e4lt\u00e4 syvi\u00e4 harjausviivoja. Poista j\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4t hyvin.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7044\" data-end=\"7133\"><p data-start=\"7046\" data-end=\"7133\">Hallitse aktivointia ja huuhtelua niin, ett\u00e4 palladiumin kylv\u00f6 on tasainen ja nikkeli laskeutuu hyvin.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7134\" data-end=\"7187\"><p data-start=\"7136\" data-end=\"7187\">Hallitse kullan upotusaikaa, jotta kulta ei halkeile.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"7189\" data-end=\"7273\">K\u00e4ytt\u00e4j\u00e4t ja ostajat, tarkista ENIG-laatu ennen kokoonpanoa. On olemassa useita menetelmi\u00e4:<\/p><ol data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7829\"><li data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7456\"><p data-start=\"7278\" data-end=\"7456\">Tutki tyynyn pintaa pyyhk\u00e4isyelektronimikroskoopilla (SEM). Tarkista, onko kullassa halkeamia. K\u00e4yt\u00e4 EDS:\u00e4\u00e4 nikkelin fosforisuhteen mittaamiseen. T\u00e4m\u00e4 antaa selke\u00e4n mikrokuvan.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7458\" data-end=\"7653\"><p data-start=\"7461\" data-end=\"7653\">Manuaalinen juottotesti. Juota k\u00e4sin tyypillisi\u00e4 tyynyj\u00e4 ja mittaa sitten liitoksen veto- tai leikkauslujuus. Jos vetolujuus on paljon normaalia pienempi, kyseess\u00e4 voi olla musta nikkeli. T\u00e4m\u00e4 testi on helppo ja nopea.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7655\" data-end=\"7829\"><p data-start=\"7658\" data-end=\"7829\">Happaman kaasun korroosiotesti. ENIG-n\u00e4ytteet altistetaan happamalle kaasulle. Jos pulveria muodostuu tai pinta v\u00e4rj\u00e4ytyy, kultakerroksessa on halkeamia. Se osoittaa todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti mustaa nikkeli\u00e4.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7831\" data-end=\"8035\">N\u00e4ist\u00e4 menetelmist\u00e4 toinen on helpoin ja nopein. Se on helppo tehd\u00e4. N\u00e4ill\u00e4 tarkastuksilla voit l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4 ongelmat ennen kokoonpanoa. T\u00e4m\u00e4 v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6hemmin vikaantuvien levyjen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 ja pienent\u00e4\u00e4 tappioita.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8037\" data-end=\"8076\">Fosforirikkaan kerroksen hallinta<\/h1><p data-start=\"8078\" data-end=\"8443\">Fosforipitoisen kerroksen v\u00e4hent\u00e4miseksi nikkelin ja fosforin suhde on pidett\u00e4v\u00e4 oikealla alueella. Hallitse my\u00f6s juotosprosessia. Hallitse juotosaikaa ja juotosl\u00e4mp\u00f6tilaa. Pyri pit\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n IMC:n paksuus l\u00e4hell\u00e4 parasta aluetta eli noin 1-2 mikronia (\u00b5m). Jos IMC:st\u00e4 tulee liian paksu, fosforia keskittyy enemm\u00e4n. T\u00e4m\u00e4 pahentaa fosforirikasta kerrosta.<\/p><p data-start=\"8445\" data-end=\"8643\">Lyhyesti sanottuna hyv\u00e4 kylpyammeen kunnossapito, l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan s\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6 ja tarkat juotosprofiilit ovat avainasemassa. N\u00e4iden vaiheiden ansiosta IMC pysyy ohuena ja fosforirikas kerros pienen\u00e4. T\u00e4ll\u00f6in juotosliitoksen luotettavuus pysyy korkeana.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8645\" data-end=\"8670\">Yhteenveto - yksinkertaisia kohtia<\/h1><ul data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"10113\"><li data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"8780\"><p data-start=\"8674\" data-end=\"8780\">ENIG on s\u00e4hk\u00f6t\u00f6nt\u00e4 nikkeli\u00e4, jota seuraa upotuskultaa. Se on yleinen puhelinten PCBA:ssa ja joissakin BGA-kantajissa.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8781\" data-end=\"8902\"><p data-start=\"8783\" data-end=\"8902\">ENIG on halvempi ja yksinkertaisempi kuin galvanoitu nikkeli-kulta, koska se ei vaadi s\u00e4hk\u00f6ist\u00e4 pinnoitusta tai johdotusta.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8903\" data-end=\"9073\"><p data-start=\"8905\" data-end=\"9073\">T\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t vaiheet ovat esik\u00e4sittely, mikroetsaus, aktivointi palladiumilla, kemiallinen nikkeli (Ni\/P) ja upotuskultaus. Erikoistarpeisiin on my\u00f6s paksukullanvaihtoehto.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9074\" data-end=\"9321\"><p data-start=\"9076\" data-end=\"9321\">Kemiallinen nikkeli est\u00e4\u00e4 kupari-kullan siirtymisen ja auttaa muodostamaan juote-IMC:n. Upotuskulta suojaa nikkeli\u00e4 hapettumiselta. Kulta on ohutta, ja sen tarvitsee suojata vain nikkeli\u00e4. Liian suuri m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 kultaa heikent\u00e4\u00e4 juotoslujuutta. K\u00e4yt\u00e4 paksumpaa kultaa lankaliimauksessa (COB).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9322\" data-end=\"9503\"><p data-start=\"9324\" data-end=\"9503\">Mustaa nikkeli\u00e4 (musta tyyny) syntyy, kun nikkeliss\u00e4 on v\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 fosforipitoisuus tai kun kultakerros halkeaa. Musta nikkeli voi piiloutua kiilt\u00e4v\u00e4n kullan alle. Se aiheuttaa huonoa juottamista ja halkeamia.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9504\" data-end=\"9707\"><p data-start=\"9506\" data-end=\"9707\">Fosforirikkaita kerroksia muodostuu l\u00e4helle IMC-reunaa, kun nikkeli sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 fosforia. Paksu IMC ja huono prosessinohjaus pahentavat t\u00e4t\u00e4. Fosforirikas kerros alentaa liitoksen lujuutta ja aiheuttaa halkeilua.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9708\" data-end=\"9867\"><p data-start=\"9710\" data-end=\"9867\">Ehk\u00e4ise ongelmat pit\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 nikkeli- ja kultakylpy hyvin huollettuna, valvomalla l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilaa, v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 syvi\u00e4 harjaj\u00e4lki\u00e4 ja valvomalla juotosprofiileja.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9868\" data-end=\"10005\"><p data-start=\"9870\" data-end=\"10005\">Laadunvalvonnassa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n SEM\/EDS-menetelm\u00e4\u00e4, manuaalisia juotoksen vetotestej\u00e4 tai happokaasujen korroosiotestej\u00e4. K\u00e4sik\u00e4ytt\u00f6inen juotoksen vetokoe on nopein ja helpoin.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10006\" data-end=\"10113\"><p data-start=\"10008\" data-end=\"10113\">Pid\u00e4 IMC:n paksuus l\u00e4hell\u00e4 1-2 \u00b5m lyijytt\u00f6mi\u00e4 prosesseja, jotta fosforirikkaan kerroksen vikaantumisriski pienenee.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-pbqz7o7 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"pbqz7o7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\" data-id=\"7882748\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fc6712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Usein kysytyt kysymykset<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"631b990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Miksi valita ENIG muiden viimeistelyjen sijaan?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\"><p>ENIG antaa eritt\u00e4in tasaisen, tasaisen pinnan, hyv\u00e4n s\u00e4ilyvyyden ja luotettavan juotettavuuden hienojakoisille komponenteille ja BGA-tyynyille. Se valitaan usein pinnan tasaisuudelle herkiss\u00e4 kokoonpanoissa.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitk\u00e4 ovat ENIGin t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t edut?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\"><p>Tasaisuus (hyv\u00e4 hienojakoisille ja BGA-levyille), hyv\u00e4 korroosionkest\u00e4vyys, tasainen juotettavuus ja pitk\u00e4 varastointi-\/ hyllykest\u00e4vyys verrattuna joihinkin orgaanisiin pinnoitteisiin.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitk\u00e4 ovat ENIGin yleiset huolenaiheet tai haitat?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\"><p>Yksi tunnettu ongelma on \u201cmusta tyyny\u201d (nikkelikorroosio), kun nikkeli-fosforikerros k\u00e4sitell\u00e4\u00e4n v\u00e4\u00e4rin; t\u00e4m\u00e4 voi vaikuttaa juotosliitoksen luotettavuuteen. Asianmukainen myyj\u00e4n prosessinvalvonta ja laadunvarmistus v\u00e4hent\u00e4v\u00e4t riski\u00e4.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Soveltuuko ENIG kultasormille tai reunaliittimille?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\"><p>Ei yleens\u00e4 - ENIG:n kultakerros on hyvin ohut ja ensisijaisesti suojaava. Usein tapahtuvaan yhdist\u00e4miseen\/erottamiseen tai reunaliittimiin suositellaan kovaa (galvanoitua) kultaa nikkelin p\u00e4\u00e4lle.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Voidaanko ENIG:t\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 hienojakoisten BGA- ja mikro-BGA-levyjen kanssa?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\"><p>Kyll\u00e4. ENIG:n litteys ja tasaisuus tekev\u00e4t siit\u00e4 hyv\u00e4n valinnan hienojakoisille komponenteille ja BGA-juotettavuudelle, kun prosessi on p\u00e4tev\u00e4.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Miten ENIG pit\u00e4isi ilmoittaa valmistusohjeissa?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1036\"><p>Ilmoita viimeistely \u201cENIG (s\u00e4hk\u00f6t\u00f6n nikkeli \/ upotuskulta)\u201d ja sis\u00e4llyt\u00e4 kaikki vaaditut hyv\u00e4ksymiskriteerit (esim. nikkeli\/kulta-luokka, pinnan karheus tai erityiset pinnoitushuomautukset), jotta valmistaja tiet\u00e4\u00e4 odotuksesi.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1037\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1037\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Muuttaako ENIG kokoonpanoprosesseja?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1037\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1037\"><p>Kokoonpanoryhmien tulisi k\u00e4sitell\u00e4 ENIG:t\u00e4 kuten muitakin jalopinnoitteita: k\u00e4yt\u00e4 normaaleja reflow\/juotosprofiileja, mutta koordinoi, jos tarvitset l\u00e4pivientien t\u00e4ytt\u00e4mist\u00e4 tyynyn sis\u00e4ll\u00e4, erityist\u00e4 puhdistusta tai jos aiot juottaa aaltojuotoksella ENIG-alueiden l\u00e4heisyydess\u00e4.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1038\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1038\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Miten ENIG vertautuu ENEPIGiin ja ENIG-vaihtoehtoihin?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1038\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1038\"><p>ENEPIG (electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold) lis\u00e4\u00e4 nikkelin ja kullan v\u00e4liin palladiumkerroksen parantaakseen langan kiinnittymist\u00e4 ja kontaktin luotettavuutta joissakin tapauksissa. Valitse pinnoite liit\u00e4nt\u00e4syklien, liimaustarpeiden ja budjetin mukaan.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-page"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"3bd3b36\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"b36ef56\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"3f9c876\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p data-start=\\\"67\\\" data-end=\\\"390\\\">ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish used on printed circuit boards (PCBs). People often shorten it to ENIG or call it a chemical gold board. Today many <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/\\\">PCBA<\\\/a> boards inside mobile phones use ENIG. Some <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/bga-assmebly\\\/\\\">BGA<\\\/a> carrier boards also use ENIG.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"67\\\" data-end=\\\"390\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2804\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/ENIG-PCB.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"364\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"392\\\" data-end=\\\"695\\\">Compared with electroplated nickel-gold, ENIG does not need electricity on the board during the plating steps. It also does not need a wire to be pulled to each pad to plate nickel and gold. Because the process is simpler, producers can make many boards fast. The result is higher output and lower cost.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"697\\\" data-end=\\\"719\\\">ENIG production flow<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"721\\\" data-end=\\\"861\\\">Here are two common production sequences. The first is the normal ENIG flow. The second is the thick-gold flow for pads that need more gold.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"49\\\" data-end=\\\"427\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"49\\\" data-end=\\\"71\\\">Typical ENIG flow:<\\\/strong><br data-start=\\\"71\\\" data-end=\\\"74\\\" \\\/>Horizontal preclean \\u2192 Load boards \\u2192 Degrease (oil removal) \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Micro-etch \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Acid clean \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Pre-dip \\u2192 Activation \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \\u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\\\/P) \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Immersion gold \\u2192 Recovery \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Unload \\u2192 Board wash \\u2192 Board inspection<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"429\\\" data-end=\\\"814\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"429\\\" data-end=\\\"449\\\">Thick-gold flow:<\\\/strong><br data-start=\\\"449\\\" data-end=\\\"452\\\" \\\/>Horizontal preclean \\u2192 Load boards \\u2192 Degrease \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Micro-etch \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Acid clean \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Pre-dip \\u2192 Activation \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \\u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\\\/P) \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Pre-dip for gold \\u2192 Thick gold deposit \\u2192 Recovery \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Unload \\u2192 Board wash \\u2192 Board inspection<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"1820\\\" data-end=\\\"1852\\\">Key step explanations \\u2014 simple<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"1854\\\" data-end=\\\"2020\\\">Pre-treatment: The goal is to brush or sandblast the copper to remove oxide. This also roughens the copper surface. Roughing helps nickel and gold stick better later.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2022\\\" data-end=\\\"2228\\\">Micro-etch: Use sodium persulfate or sulfuric acid to remove the oxide on copper. Micro-etch also reduces deep scratches caused by brushing. Deep brush marks can help immersion gold attack the nickel later.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2230\\\" data-end=\\\"2566\\\">Activation: Copper cannot start the chemical nickel deposition by itself. So first we put a thin layer of palladium (Pd) on the copper. Palladium acts as a catalyst for the nickel deposition. The chemistry uses the fact that copper is more active than palladium. Palladium ions reduce to palladium metal and stick to the copper surface.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2568\\\" data-end=\\\"2881\\\">Chemical nickel (Ni\\\/P): This is a nickel-phosphorus deposit. Its main job is to stop migration and diffusion between copper and gold. It also reacts with solder during soldering to form intermetallic compounds (IMC). In other words, the nickel layer keeps copper from moving into the solder and helps solder bond.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2883\\\" data-end=\\\"3365\\\">Immersion gold: Gold protects the nickel from oxidation. Gold does not react in the soldering chemistry. Too much gold can reduce solder joint strength. So the gold layer only needs to cover the nickel well enough to prevent oxidation. If you do Chip On Board (COB) wire bonding, you need a thicker gold layer. For most surface pads, a thin layer around 0.05 \\u00b5m (2 \\u00b5\\\") or thinner is common. This thin layer is easy to control and lowers cost compared with electroplated nickel-gold.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"3367\\\" data-end=\\\"3403\\\">Why ENIG gold is thin and the risk<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"3405\\\" data-end=\\\"3797\\\">Because ENIG gold is very thin, it only protects nickel from air and corrosion. If the gold is not enough, nickel will contact air and corrode. Or the gold can be over-etched by the acidic gold bath. Both cases can cause \\\"black nickel\\\" or \\\"black pad\\\". The gold layer may still look shiny by eye. So visual check is not reliable. It is very important to check ENIG PCB quality before assembly.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"3799\\\" data-end=\\\"3846\\\">Black nickel \\u2014 how it forms and why it is bad<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"3848\\\" data-end=\\\"4368\\\">Nickel layer quality depends on the nickel bath formula and temperature control during chemical deposition. The immersion gold step also affects the result. The chemical nickel process uses hypophosphite (sodium hypophosphite) and nickel salts in a self-catalyzed reaction. The deposit includes some phosphorus (P). Studies show that the normal phosphorus content in the nickel deposit should be about 7% to 10%. If the bath is not kept well or temperature control fails, phosphorus content will fall outside this range.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"3848\\\" data-end=\\\"4368\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2805\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp\\\" alt=\\\"PCB Black Nickel Phenomenon\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"239\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4370\\\" data-end=\\\"4648\\\">If phosphorus is too low, the nickel layer becomes easy to corrode. This corrosion often starts from the acidic gold bath attacking the nickel. If phosphorus is too high, the deposit becomes hard. That lowers solderability. It also hurts the formation of reliable solder joints.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4650\\\" data-end=\\\"4968\\\">If the nickel deposit has low phosphorus and the immersion gold step is not handled well, the gold layer may crack a lot. During later cleaning, the acidic gold bath can be hard to remove. Exposed nickel will corrode faster in air. This leads to black nickel, also called black pad. Black pad causes bad solder joints.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4970\\\" data-end=\\\"5382\\\">When black nickel forms, the gold layer on the board surface may still look shiny and gold. So people may think the pad is fine. During high temperature soldering, the gold layer dissolves quickly into the solder paste. The corroded nickel cannot react with molten solder to make intermetallic compound (IMC). This lowers the reliability of the solder joint. Joints then crack easily under small external forces.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"5384\\\" data-end=\\\"5428\\\">Phosphorus-rich layer \\u2014 formation and harm<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"5430\\\" data-end=\\\"5808\\\">In ENIG, the metal that alloys with solder is the nickel. The typical intermetallic compound (IMC) is Ni3Sn4. Phosphorus in the nickel does not join the metal compound. But phosphorus is present in the nickel deposit and it is spread evenly. When nickel reacts and forms IMC, leftover phosphorus gathers. It concentrates at the edge of the IMC and forms a phosphorus-rich layer.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"5810\\\" data-end=\\\"6029\\\">If the phosphorus-rich layer is too thick, its strength is low. When a solder joint sees stress, the weakest spot breaks first. Often the phosphorus-rich layer is that weak spot. Then the solder joint reliability falls.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"5810\\\" data-end=\\\"6029\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2806\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Phosphorus-rich layer phenomenon\\\" width=\\\"574\\\" height=\\\"440\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"6031\\\" data-end=\\\"6503\\\">This is worse in high-heat lead-free processes. If process control is poor, IMC gets thick. More IMC means more leftover phosphorus. So the phosphorus-rich layer grows. The result is a higher risk of solder joint failure. The phosphorus-rich layer can be seen as a dark band between the IMC and the nickel. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) shows this band has very high phosphorus content. Many failure cases show the phosphorus-rich layer causes joint cracking.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"6505\\\" data-end=\\\"6560\\\">How to prevent black nickel and phosphorus-rich layer<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"6562\\\" data-end=\\\"6733\\\">Both black nickel and phosphorus-rich layers are hidden defects. Normal visual checks can miss them. But if we know their causes, we can use good controls to prevent them.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"6735\\\" data-end=\\\"6752\\\">For black nickel:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"6753\\\" data-end=\\\"7187\\\"><li data-start=\\\"6753\\\" data-end=\\\"6876\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6755\\\" data-end=\\\"6876\\\">Maintain the nickel plating bath and keep temperature stable. This helps keep nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6877\\\" data-end=\\\"6963\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6879\\\" data-end=\\\"6963\\\">Maintain the acidic gold bath. If the gold bath is too corrosive, adjust it in time.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6964\\\" data-end=\\\"7043\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6966\\\" data-end=\\\"7043\\\">Control the pre-treatment well. Avoid deep brush lines. Remove residues well.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7044\\\" data-end=\\\"7133\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7046\\\" data-end=\\\"7133\\\">Control activation and rinses so palladium seeding is uniform and nickel deposits well.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7134\\\" data-end=\\\"7187\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7136\\\" data-end=\\\"7187\\\">Control immersion gold time so gold does not crack.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><p data-start=\\\"7189\\\" data-end=\\\"7273\\\">For users and buyers, check ENIG quality before assembly. There are several methods:<\\\/p><ol data-start=\\\"7275\\\" data-end=\\\"7829\\\"><li data-start=\\\"7275\\\" data-end=\\\"7456\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7278\\\" data-end=\\\"7456\\\">Use scanning electron microscope (SEM) to look at the pad surface. Check if the gold has cracks. Use EDS to measure phosphorus ratio in the nickel. This gives a clear micro view.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7458\\\" data-end=\\\"7653\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7461\\\" data-end=\\\"7653\\\">Manual solder test. Hand-solder typical pads, then measure pull or shear strength of the joint. If pull strength is much lower than normal, black nickel may exist. This test is easy and quick.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7655\\\" data-end=\\\"7829\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7658\\\" data-end=\\\"7829\\\">Acidic gas corrosion test. Expose ENIG samples to acidic gas. If powder forms or the surface discolors, it means the gold layer has cracks. That shows likely black nickel.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"7831\\\" data-end=\\\"8035\\\">Out of these, the second method is most convenient and fast. It is simple to do. With these checks you can find problems before assembly. That reduces the number of boards that fail later and lowers loss.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"8037\\\" data-end=\\\"8076\\\">Controlling the phosphorus-rich layer<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"8078\\\" data-end=\\\"8443\\\">To reduce the phosphorus-rich layer, keep the nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range in the deposit. Also control the soldering process. Control solder time and solder temperature. Aim to keep the IMC thickness near the best range of about 1\\u20132 microns (\\u00b5m). If IMC becomes too thick, more phosphorus will concentrate. That makes the phosphorus-rich layer worse.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8445\\\" data-end=\\\"8643\\\">In short, good bath maintenance, temperature control, and precise soldering profiles are key. These steps keep IMC thin and the phosphorus-rich layer small. Then solder joint reliability stays high.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"8645\\\" data-end=\\\"8670\\\">Summary \\u2014 simple points<\\\/h1><ul data-start=\\\"8672\\\" data-end=\\\"10113\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8672\\\" data-end=\\\"8780\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8674\\\" data-end=\\\"8780\\\">ENIG is electroless nickel followed by immersion gold. It is common in phone PCBA and some BGA carriers.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"8781\\\" data-end=\\\"8902\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8783\\\" data-end=\\\"8902\\\">ENIG is cheaper and simpler than electroplated nickel-gold because it does not need electrical plating or pad wiring.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"8903\\\" data-end=\\\"9073\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8905\\\" data-end=\\\"9073\\\">Main steps are pre-treatment, micro-etch, activation with palladium, chemical nickel (Ni\\\/P), and immersion gold. There is also a thick-gold variant for special needs.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9074\\\" data-end=\\\"9321\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9076\\\" data-end=\\\"9321\\\">Chemical nickel blocks copper-gold migration and helps form solder IMC. Immersion gold protects nickel from oxidation. Gold is thin and only needs to protect nickel. Too much gold hurts solder strength. For wire bonding (COB) use thicker gold.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9322\\\" data-end=\\\"9503\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9324\\\" data-end=\\\"9503\\\">Black nickel (black pad) happens when nickel has wrong phosphorus content or when gold layer cracks. Black nickel can hide under shiny gold. It causes poor soldering and cracks.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9504\\\" data-end=\\\"9707\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9506\\\" data-end=\\\"9707\\\">Phosphorus-rich layers form near the IMC edge when nickel contains phosphorus. Thick IMC and poor process control make this worse. The phosphorus-rich layer lowers joint strength and causes cracking.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9708\\\" data-end=\\\"9867\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9710\\\" data-end=\\\"9867\\\">Prevent problems by keeping nickel bath and gold bath well maintained, controlling temperature, avoiding deep brush marks, and controlling solder profiles.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9868\\\" data-end=\\\"10005\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9870\\\" data-end=\\\"10005\\\">For quality checks use SEM\\\/EDS, manual solder pull tests, or acid gas corrosion tests. Manual solder pull is the fastest and easiest.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"10006\\\" data-end=\\\"10113\\\"><p data-start=\\\"10008\\\" data-end=\\\"10113\\\">Keep IMC thickness near 1\\u20132 \\u00b5m in lead-free processes to lower the risk of phosphorus-rich layer failure.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"59fd57a\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"pbqz7o7\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"gap\":\"no\",\"content_position\":\"top\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"background_position\":\"bottom center\",\"background_attachment\":\"scroll\",\"background_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"background_size\":\"cover\",\"background_size_mobile\":\"cover\",\"background_overlay_background\":\"classic\",\"background_overlay_color_b\":\"rgba(255,255,255,0)\",\"background_overlay_opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"120\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"80\",\"right\":\"40\",\"bottom\":\"80\",\"left\":\"40\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"25\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"25\",\"isLinked\":false},\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"54061b8\"}],\"margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":0,\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":0,\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"7882748\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null,\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"space_between_widgets\":40,\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"c4df55e\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9fc6712\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Frequently Asked Questions\",\"align\":\"center\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"65a7f57\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"631b990\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"tab_title\":\"Why choose ENIG over other finishes?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>ENIG gives a very flat, planar surface, good shelf life, and reliable solderability for fine-pitch components and BGA pads. It\\u2019s often chosen for surface-planarity sensitive assemblies.<\\\/p>\",\"_id\":\"1f7b19c\"},{\"_id\":\"795aace\",\"tab_title\":\"What are the main advantages of ENIG?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Flatness (good for fine-pitch and BGA), good corrosion resistance, consistent solderability, and long storage\\\/shelf life compared with some organic finishes.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"138dc4d\",\"tab_title\":\"What are common concerns or downsides with ENIG?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>One known issue is \\u201cblack pad\\u201d (nickel corrosion) when the nickel-phosphorus layer is improperly processed; this can affect solder joint reliability. Proper vendor process control and QA reduce the risk.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"c8edc3e\",\"tab_title\":\"Is ENIG suitable for gold fingers or edge connectors?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Not usually\\u2014ENIG\\u2019s gold layer is very thin and primarily protective. For frequent mating\\\/unmating or edge connectors, hard (electroplated) gold over nickel is recommended.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"d314a8b\",\"tab_title\":\"Can ENIG be used with fine-pitch BGAs and micro-BGA?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Yes. ENIG\\u2019s flatness and planarity make it a good choice for fine-pitch components and BGA solderability when the process is qualified.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"16932b0\",\"tab_title\":\"How should I specify ENIG on my fabrication notes?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>State the finish as \\u201cENIG (electroless nickel \\\/ immersion gold)\\u201d and include any required acceptance criteria (e.g., nickel\\\/gold class, surface roughness, or special plating notes) so the fabricator knows your expectations.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"09c11cc\",\"tab_title\":\"Does ENIG change assembly processes?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Assembly teams should treat ENIG like other noble finishes: use normal reflow\\\/soldering profiles, but coordinate if you require via-in-pad filling, special cleaning, or if you plan wave soldering near ENIG areas.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"0f6d574\",\"tab_title\":\"How does ENIG compare with ENEPIG and ENIG alternatives?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>ENEPIG (electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold) adds a palladium layer between nickel and gold to improve wire bonding and contact reliability in some cases. 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class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bd3b36 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"3bd3b36\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"3f9c876","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\">ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish used on printed circuit boards (PCBs). People often shorten it to ENIG or call it a chemical gold board. Today many <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/\">PCBA<\/a> boards inside mobile phones use ENIG. Some <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> carrier boards also use ENIG.<\/p><p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2804\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"695\">Compared with electroplated nickel-gold, ENIG does not need electricity on the board during the plating steps. It also does not need a wire to be pulled to each pad to plate nickel and gold. Because the process is simpler, producers can make many boards fast. The result is higher output and lower cost.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"719\">ENIG production flow<\/h1><p data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"861\">Here are two common production sequences. The first is the normal ENIG flow. The second is the thick-gold flow for pads that need more gold.<\/p><p data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"427\"><strong data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"71\">Typical ENIG flow:<\/strong><br data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"74\" \/>Horizontal preclean \u2192 Load boards \u2192 Degrease (oil removal) \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Micro-etch \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Acid clean \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Pre-dip \u2192 Activation \u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\/P) \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Immersion gold \u2192 Recovery \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Unload \u2192 Board wash \u2192 Board inspection<\/p><p data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"814\"><strong data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"449\">Thick-gold flow:<\/strong><br data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"452\" \/>Horizontal preclean \u2192 Load boards \u2192 Degrease \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Micro-etch \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Acid clean \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Pre-dip \u2192 Activation \u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\/P) \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Pre-dip for gold \u2192 Thick gold deposit \u2192 Recovery \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Unload \u2192 Board wash \u2192 Board inspection<\/p><h1 data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1852\">Key step explanations \u2014 simple<\/h1><p data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"2020\">Pre-treatment: The goal is to brush or sandblast the copper to remove oxide. This also roughens the copper surface. Roughing helps nickel and gold stick better later.<\/p><p data-start=\"2022\" data-end=\"2228\">Micro-etch: Use sodium persulfate or sulfuric acid to remove the oxide on copper. Micro-etch also reduces deep scratches caused by brushing. Deep brush marks can help immersion gold attack the nickel later.<\/p><p data-start=\"2230\" data-end=\"2566\">Activation: Copper cannot start the chemical nickel deposition by itself. So first we put a thin layer of palladium (Pd) on the copper. Palladium acts as a catalyst for the nickel deposition. The chemistry uses the fact that copper is more active than palladium. Palladium ions reduce to palladium metal and stick to the copper surface.<\/p><p data-start=\"2568\" data-end=\"2881\">Chemical nickel (Ni\/P): This is a nickel-phosphorus deposit. Its main job is to stop migration and diffusion between copper and gold. It also reacts with solder during soldering to form intermetallic compounds (IMC). In other words, the nickel layer keeps copper from moving into the solder and helps solder bond.<\/p><p data-start=\"2883\" data-end=\"3365\">Immersion gold: Gold protects the nickel from oxidation. Gold does not react in the soldering chemistry. Too much gold can reduce solder joint strength. So the gold layer only needs to cover the nickel well enough to prevent oxidation. If you do Chip On Board (COB) wire bonding, you need a thicker gold layer. For most surface pads, a thin layer around 0.05 \u00b5m (2 \u00b5\") or thinner is common. This thin layer is easy to control and lowers cost compared with electroplated nickel-gold.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3403\">Why ENIG gold is thin and the risk<\/h1><p data-start=\"3405\" data-end=\"3797\">Because ENIG gold is very thin, it only protects nickel from air and corrosion. If the gold is not enough, nickel will contact air and corrode. Or the gold can be over-etched by the acidic gold bath. Both cases can cause \"black nickel\" or \"black pad\". The gold layer may still look shiny by eye. So visual check is not reliable. It is very important to check ENIG PCB quality before assembly.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3799\" data-end=\"3846\">Black nickel \u2014 how it forms and why it is bad<\/h1><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\">Nickel layer quality depends on the nickel bath formula and temperature control during chemical deposition. The immersion gold step also affects the result. The chemical nickel process uses hypophosphite (sodium hypophosphite) and nickel salts in a self-catalyzed reaction. The deposit includes some phosphorus (P). Studies show that the normal phosphorus content in the nickel deposit should be about 7% to 10%. If the bath is not kept well or temperature control fails, phosphorus content will fall outside this range.<\/p><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2805\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"PCB Black Nickel Phenomenon\" width=\"600\" height=\"239\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"4370\" data-end=\"4648\">If phosphorus is too low, the nickel layer becomes easy to corrode. This corrosion often starts from the acidic gold bath attacking the nickel. If phosphorus is too high, the deposit becomes hard. That lowers solderability. It also hurts the formation of reliable solder joints.<\/p><p data-start=\"4650\" data-end=\"4968\">If the nickel deposit has low phosphorus and the immersion gold step is not handled well, the gold layer may crack a lot. During later cleaning, the acidic gold bath can be hard to remove. Exposed nickel will corrode faster in air. This leads to black nickel, also called black pad. Black pad causes bad solder joints.<\/p><p data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"5382\">When black nickel forms, the gold layer on the board surface may still look shiny and gold. So people may think the pad is fine. During high temperature soldering, the gold layer dissolves quickly into the solder paste. The corroded nickel cannot react with molten solder to make intermetallic compound (IMC). This lowers the reliability of the solder joint. Joints then crack easily under small external forces.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"5384\" data-end=\"5428\">Phosphorus-rich layer \u2014 formation and harm<\/h1><p data-start=\"5430\" data-end=\"5808\">In ENIG, the metal that alloys with solder is the nickel. The typical intermetallic compound (IMC) is Ni3Sn4. Phosphorus in the nickel does not join the metal compound. But phosphorus is present in the nickel deposit and it is spread evenly. When nickel reacts and forms IMC, leftover phosphorus gathers. It concentrates at the edge of the IMC and forms a phosphorus-rich layer.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\">If the phosphorus-rich layer is too thick, its strength is low. When a solder joint sees stress, the weakest spot breaks first. Often the phosphorus-rich layer is that weak spot. Then the solder joint reliability falls.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2806\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"Phosphorus-rich layer phenomenon\" width=\"574\" height=\"440\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"6031\" data-end=\"6503\">This is worse in high-heat lead-free processes. If process control is poor, IMC gets thick. More IMC means more leftover phosphorus. So the phosphorus-rich layer grows. The result is a higher risk of solder joint failure. The phosphorus-rich layer can be seen as a dark band between the IMC and the nickel. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) shows this band has very high phosphorus content. Many failure cases show the phosphorus-rich layer causes joint cracking.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"6505\" data-end=\"6560\">How to prevent black nickel and phosphorus-rich layer<\/h1><p data-start=\"6562\" data-end=\"6733\">Both black nickel and phosphorus-rich layers are hidden defects. Normal visual checks can miss them. But if we know their causes, we can use good controls to prevent them.<\/p><p data-start=\"6735\" data-end=\"6752\">For black nickel:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"7187\"><li data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"6876\"><p data-start=\"6755\" data-end=\"6876\">Maintain the nickel plating bath and keep temperature stable. This helps keep nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"6963\"><p data-start=\"6879\" data-end=\"6963\">Maintain the acidic gold bath. If the gold bath is too corrosive, adjust it in time.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6964\" data-end=\"7043\"><p data-start=\"6966\" data-end=\"7043\">Control the pre-treatment well. Avoid deep brush lines. Remove residues well.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7044\" data-end=\"7133\"><p data-start=\"7046\" data-end=\"7133\">Control activation and rinses so palladium seeding is uniform and nickel deposits well.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7134\" data-end=\"7187\"><p data-start=\"7136\" data-end=\"7187\">Control immersion gold time so gold does not crack.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"7189\" data-end=\"7273\">For users and buyers, check ENIG quality before assembly. There are several methods:<\/p><ol data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7829\"><li data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7456\"><p data-start=\"7278\" data-end=\"7456\">Use scanning electron microscope (SEM) to look at the pad surface. Check if the gold has cracks. Use EDS to measure phosphorus ratio in the nickel. This gives a clear micro view.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7458\" data-end=\"7653\"><p data-start=\"7461\" data-end=\"7653\">Manual solder test. Hand-solder typical pads, then measure pull or shear strength of the joint. If pull strength is much lower than normal, black nickel may exist. This test is easy and quick.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7655\" data-end=\"7829\"><p data-start=\"7658\" data-end=\"7829\">Acidic gas corrosion test. Expose ENIG samples to acidic gas. If powder forms or the surface discolors, it means the gold layer has cracks. That shows likely black nickel.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7831\" data-end=\"8035\">Out of these, the second method is most convenient and fast. It is simple to do. With these checks you can find problems before assembly. That reduces the number of boards that fail later and lowers loss.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8037\" data-end=\"8076\">Controlling the phosphorus-rich layer<\/h1><p data-start=\"8078\" data-end=\"8443\">To reduce the phosphorus-rich layer, keep the nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range in the deposit. Also control the soldering process. Control solder time and solder temperature. Aim to keep the IMC thickness near the best range of about 1\u20132 microns (\u00b5m). If IMC becomes too thick, more phosphorus will concentrate. That makes the phosphorus-rich layer worse.<\/p><p data-start=\"8445\" data-end=\"8643\">In short, good bath maintenance, temperature control, and precise soldering profiles are key. These steps keep IMC thin and the phosphorus-rich layer small. Then solder joint reliability stays high.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8645\" data-end=\"8670\">Summary \u2014 simple points<\/h1><ul data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"10113\"><li data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"8780\"><p data-start=\"8674\" data-end=\"8780\">ENIG is electroless nickel followed by immersion gold. It is common in phone PCBA and some BGA carriers.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8781\" data-end=\"8902\"><p data-start=\"8783\" data-end=\"8902\">ENIG is cheaper and simpler than electroplated nickel-gold because it does not need electrical plating or pad wiring.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8903\" data-end=\"9073\"><p data-start=\"8905\" data-end=\"9073\">Main steps are pre-treatment, micro-etch, activation with palladium, chemical nickel (Ni\/P), and immersion gold. There is also a thick-gold variant for special needs.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9074\" data-end=\"9321\"><p data-start=\"9076\" data-end=\"9321\">Chemical nickel blocks copper-gold migration and helps form solder IMC. Immersion gold protects nickel from oxidation. Gold is thin and only needs to protect nickel. Too much gold hurts solder strength. For wire bonding (COB) use thicker gold.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9322\" data-end=\"9503\"><p data-start=\"9324\" data-end=\"9503\">Black nickel (black pad) happens when nickel has wrong phosphorus content or when gold layer cracks. Black nickel can hide under shiny gold. It causes poor soldering and cracks.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9504\" data-end=\"9707\"><p data-start=\"9506\" data-end=\"9707\">Phosphorus-rich layers form near the IMC edge when nickel contains phosphorus. Thick IMC and poor process control make this worse. The phosphorus-rich layer lowers joint strength and causes cracking.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9708\" data-end=\"9867\"><p data-start=\"9710\" data-end=\"9867\">Prevent problems by keeping nickel bath and gold bath well maintained, controlling temperature, avoiding deep brush marks, and controlling solder profiles.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9868\" data-end=\"10005\"><p data-start=\"9870\" data-end=\"10005\">For quality checks use SEM\/EDS, manual solder pull tests, or acid gas corrosion tests. Manual solder pull is the fastest and easiest.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10006\" data-end=\"10113\"><p data-start=\"10008\" data-end=\"10113\">Keep IMC thickness near 1\u20132 \u00b5m in lead-free processes to lower the risk of phosphorus-rich layer failure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"59fd57a"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<section class=\\\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-pbqz7o7 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\\\" data-id=\\\"pbqz7o7\\\" data-element_type=\\\"section\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-background-overlay\\\"><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\\\" data-id=\\\"7882748\\\" data-element_type=\\\"column\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"9fc6712\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Frequently Asked Questions<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"631b990\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Why choose ENIG over other finishes?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\"><p>ENIG gives a very flat, planar surface, good shelf life, and reliable solderability for fine-pitch components and BGA pads. It\\u2019s often chosen for surface-planarity sensitive assemblies.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are the main advantages of ENIG?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\"><p>Flatness (good for fine-pitch and BGA), good corrosion resistance, consistent solderability, and long storage\\\/shelf life compared with some organic finishes.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are common concerns or downsides with ENIG?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\"><p>One known issue is \\u201cblack pad\\u201d (nickel corrosion) when the nickel-phosphorus layer is improperly processed; this can affect solder joint reliability. Proper vendor process control and QA reduce the risk.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Is ENIG suitable for gold fingers or edge connectors?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\"><p>Not usually\\u2014ENIG\\u2019s gold layer is very thin and primarily protective. For frequent mating\\\/unmating or edge connectors, hard (electroplated) gold over nickel is recommended.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Can ENIG be used with fine-pitch BGAs and micro-BGA?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\"><p>Yes. ENIG\\u2019s flatness and planarity make it a good choice for fine-pitch components and BGA solderability when the process is qualified.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1036\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"6\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1036\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">How should I specify ENIG on my fabrication notes?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1036\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"6\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1036\\\"><p>State the finish as \\u201cENIG (electroless nickel \\\/ immersion gold)\\u201d and include any required acceptance criteria (e.g., nickel\\\/gold class, surface roughness, or special plating notes) so the fabricator knows your expectations.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1037\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"7\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1037\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Does ENIG change assembly processes?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1037\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"7\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1037\\\"><p>Assembly teams should treat ENIG like other noble finishes: use normal reflow\\\/soldering profiles, but coordinate if you require via-in-pad filling, special cleaning, or if you plan wave soldering near ENIG areas.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1038\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"8\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1038\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">How does ENIG compare with ENEPIG and ENIG alternatives?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1038\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"8\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1038\\\"><p>ENEPIG (electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold) adds a palladium layer between nickel and gold to improve wire bonding and contact reliability in some cases. Choose finish based on mating cycles, bonding needs, and budget.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/section>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-2398.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-2398.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2398"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3420,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2398\/revisions\/3420"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}