{"id":2439,"date":"2025-09-08T05:50:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T05:50:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=2439"},"modified":"2025-09-26T02:21:26","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T02:21:26","slug":"half-hole-process","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/pcb-manufacturer\/half-hole-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Half-Hole PCB: Suunnittelu- ja valmistusvinkit"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2439\" class=\"elementor elementor-2439\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57c7fef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"57c7fef\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c756f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c756f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"46\" data-end=\"62\">Yleiskatsaus<\/h2><p data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"325\">Elektroniikkatuotteet asettavat painetuille piirilevyille suurempia vaatimuksia. Piirilevyn osien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 kasvaa nopeasti. Osakoot pienenev\u00e4t. Puolireik\u00e4isi\u00e4 piirilevyj\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n yh\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n, koska ne on helppo juottaa, ne viev\u00e4t v\u00e4h\u00e4n moduulin pinta-alaa ja tukevat monia toimintoja.<\/p><p data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"325\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2758 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Half-Hole-PCBs.webp\" alt=\"half-hole PCB\" width=\"500\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Half-Hole-PCBs.webp 500w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Half-Hole-PCBs-300x273.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p><h2 data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"358\">Mik\u00e4 on puolireik\u00e4inen PCB<\/h2><p data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"837\">Metallinen puolikas reik\u00e4 (tai puolikas ura) valmistetaan ensin seuraavasti <a href=\"https:\/\/www.protoexpress.com\/blog\/no-chilling-when-it-comes-to-pcb-drilling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poraus<\/a> rei\u00e4n metallointi ja metallipinnoitus, jonka j\u00e4lkeen reik\u00e4 porataan tai jyrsit\u00e4\u00e4n uudelleen rei\u00e4n leikkaamiseksi kahtia. Yksinkertaisesti sanottuna kyseess\u00e4 on levyn reunassa oleva metalloitu reik\u00e4, joka on leikattu kahtia. Reunan puoliksi metalloitu reik\u00e4prosessi on kyps\u00e4. Piirilevyteollisuudessa t\u00e4t\u00e4 kutsutaan my\u00f6s \u201cpostimerkkirei\u00e4ksi\u201d. Voit juottaa rei\u00e4n reunan suoraan p\u00e4\u00e4levyyn. T\u00e4m\u00e4 s\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4 liittimi\u00e4 ja tilaa. N\u00e4et sen usein signaalipiireiss\u00e4. Useimmissa moduulipiirilevyiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n puolireiki\u00e4.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"839\" data-end=\"892\">Metalloitujen puolireik\u00e4isten piirilevyjen ominaisuudet<\/h3><ul data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"1094\"><li data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"922\"><p data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"922\">Yksitt\u00e4inen yksikk\u00f6 on pieni.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"1094\"><p data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"1094\">Yksik\u00f6n reunassa on rivi metalloituja puolireiki\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 yksikk\u00f6 on emolevyn alalevy. Metalloidut puolikkaat rei\u00e4t juotetaan emolevyyn ja komponenttien johtimiin.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2755 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Characteristics-of-metallized-half-hole-PCBs.webp\" alt=\"Characteristics of metallized half hole PCBs\" width=\"589\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Characteristics-of-metallized-half-hole-PCBs.webp 589w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Characteristics-of-metallized-half-hole-PCBs-300x181.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 589px) 100vw, 589px\" \/><\/p><h2 data-start=\"1096\" data-end=\"1139\">Puolireik\u00e4prosessin edut<\/h2><ul data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"2093\"><li data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1324\"><p data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1324\"><strong data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1168\">Lis\u00e4\u00e4 tyynyn lujuutta.<\/strong> Puolireik\u00e4inen rakenne vahvistaa reunapehmustetta mekaanisesti. Modulaarisissa piirilevyiss\u00e4 se parantaa juotosvarmuutta. Se soveltuu tihe\u00e4\u00e4n ja t\u00e4risev\u00e4\u00e4n k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1325\" data-end=\"1577\"><p data-start=\"1327\" data-end=\"1577\"><strong data-start=\"1327\" data-end=\"1353\">Optimoi tilan sijoittelu.<\/strong> Puolireikien ansiosta voit sijoittaa osia joustavammin ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n tilaa. Esimerkiksi Wi-Fi-moduulissa voit juottaa reunan puolireik\u00e4\u00e4 suoraan p\u00e4\u00e4levyyn ja v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 tuotteen paksuutta noin 60%. T\u00e4m\u00e4 sopii ohuille laitteille.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1578\" data-end=\"1802\"><p data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1802\"><strong data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1604\">Yksinkertaista tuotantoa.<\/strong> Prosessi vaatii ylim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isi\u00e4 vaiheita alkuvaiheessa (esimerkiksi kuparointi ja tarkka singulaatio), mutta kaiken kaikkiaan se on tehokkaampi kuin perinteisten liittimien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6. N\u00e4in v\u00e4ltet\u00e4\u00e4n my\u00f6s liittimien ostaminen.<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2757\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/half-hole-Simplify-production.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/half-hole-Simplify-production.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/half-hole-Simplify-production-300x169.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1803\" data-end=\"1917\"><p data-start=\"1805\" data-end=\"1917\"><strong data-start=\"1805\" data-end=\"1828\">Parantaa ulkon\u00e4k\u00f6\u00e4.<\/strong> Reunan puolireikien ansiosta piirilevy n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 siistimm\u00e4lt\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 vastaa nykyaikaisen tuotteen ulkon\u00e4\u00f6n tarpeita.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"2093\"><p data-start=\"1920\" data-end=\"2093\"><strong data-start=\"1920\" data-end=\"1951\">Paranna signaalin suorituskyky\u00e4.<\/strong> Korkeataajuustapauksissa (esimerkiksi 5G) puolireikien avulla voidaan pienent\u00e4\u00e4 loiskapasitanssia ja v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 signaalih\u00e4vi\u00f6it\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 lis\u00e4\u00e4 siirtotehokkuutta.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2126\">K\u00e4sittelyvaikeudet<\/h2><ol data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"3157\"><li data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"2357\"><p data-start=\"2130\" data-end=\"2357\">Muodostamisen j\u00e4lkeen metalloidut puolireik\u00e4iset piirilevyt osoittavat usein ongelmia rei\u00e4n sein\u00e4m\u00e4n kuparissa. N\u00e4it\u00e4 ovat esimerkiksi kuparin nousu, tumma kupari, j\u00e4ljell\u00e4 olevat purseet ja offset. N\u00e4m\u00e4 ongelmat ovat piirilevyjen valmistajien yleinen haaste muokkausvaiheessa.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2358\" data-end=\"2604\"><p data-start=\"2361\" data-end=\"2604\">Postimerkin kaltaisten puolikkaiden reikien t\u00e4ysi rivi on erityisen kova. Reikien koko on noin 0,6 mm. Rei\u00e4n ja sein\u00e4m\u00e4n v\u00e4linen rako on noin 0,45 mm. Ulomman kerroksen kuviov\u00e4li on noin 2 mm. Pienet aukot tekev\u00e4t oikosulusta helpon kuparikuoren takia.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2605\" data-end=\"3157\"><p data-start=\"2608\" data-end=\"3157\">Metalloitujen puolireik\u00e4isten piirilevyjen yleisi\u00e4 muodostusmenetelmi\u00e4 ovat CNC-jyrsint\u00e4 (reititin), mekaaninen l\u00e4vistys ja V-leikkaus. Kun n\u00e4ill\u00e4 menetelmill\u00e4 poistetaan pinnoitetuista rei'ist\u00e4 tarpeettomat osat, ne j\u00e4tt\u00e4v\u00e4t usein kuparikierteit\u00e4 ja purseita leikattujen PTH-reikien (pinnoitetut l\u00e4pirei\u00e4t) reunoihin. Vakavissa tapauksissa rei\u00e4n sein\u00e4m\u00e4n kupari voi nousta tai irrota. Muotoilun aikana piirilevyn laajeneminen, porauksen sijaintitarkkuus ja muotoilutarkkuus voivat my\u00f6s aiheuttaa sen, ett\u00e4 saman yksik\u00f6n vasemmalla ja oikealla puolella olevat puolikkaat rei\u00e4t eroavat kooltaan paljon toisistaan. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tekee juottamisesta ja kokoonpanosta vaikeaa asiakkaille.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"3159\" data-end=\"3207\">Huomioitavaa puolireik\u00e4ist\u00e4 PCB-prosessia varten<\/h2><ul data-start=\"3208\" data-end=\"3417\"><li data-start=\"3208\" data-end=\"3417\"><p data-start=\"3210\" data-end=\"3417\">Kaikki metalloidun puolireik\u00e4isen piirilevyn reikien paikat on porattava kuvantamisen\/pinnoittamisen (tai kuvion pinnoittamisen) j\u00e4lkeen ja ennen sy\u00f6vytyst\u00e4 siten, ett\u00e4 puolireik\u00e4isen piirilevyn molemmissa p\u00e4iss\u00e4 risteyskohdissa on porattu reik\u00e4.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><ol data-start=\"3419\" data-end=\"4207\"><li data-start=\"3419\" data-end=\"3528\"><p data-start=\"3422\" data-end=\"3528\">Insin\u00f6\u00f6riosaston olisi m\u00e4\u00e4ritelt\u00e4v\u00e4 MI (valmistusohje) -virtaus puolireik\u00e4prosessia varten.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3529\" data-end=\"3780\"><p data-start=\"3532\" data-end=\"3780\">Metallipuolireikien osalta, jotka muodostetaan ensin poraamalla (tai reititt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4), sitten kuvioimalla ja sitten toisella porauksella ennen sy\u00f6vytyst\u00e4, mieti, paljastaako ulkomuotoinen reititys kuparin. Siirr\u00e4 porattua puolireik\u00e4\u00e4 tarvittaessa kohti yksik\u00f6n sis\u00e4osaa.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3781\" data-end=\"4026\"><p data-start=\"3784\" data-end=\"4026\">Oikeanpuoleinen reik\u00e4 (porattu puolireik\u00e4):<br data-start=\"3828\" data-end=\"3831\" \/>a. Poraa se ensin, k\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00e4 sitten levy (tai peilaa sit\u00e4) ja poraa vasemmanpuoleinen reik\u00e4.<br data-start=\"3917\" data-end=\"3920\" \/>b. N\u00e4in v\u00e4hennet\u00e4\u00e4n poranter\u00e4n vetoa rei\u00e4n kupariin ja v\u00e4ltet\u00e4\u00e4n kuparih\u00e4vi\u00f6 puolirei\u00e4n sis\u00e4ll\u00e4.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4027\" data-end=\"4109\"><p data-start=\"4030\" data-end=\"4109\">Puolireikien porakoko riippuu et\u00e4isyydest\u00e4 \u00e4\u00e4riviivaan.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4110\" data-end=\"4207\"><p data-start=\"4113\" data-end=\"4207\">Piirr\u00e4 juotosmaskikalvo. Lis\u00e4\u00e4 reititettyj\u00e4 aukkoja varten pys\u00e4ytyspisteet ja suurenna ikkunoita 4 millimetrill\u00e4.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"4209\" data-end=\"4229\">Prosessin kulku<\/h2><p data-start=\"4230\" data-end=\"4394\">Puolireik\u00e4 on metalloitu reik\u00e4, joka on leikattu kahtia. Se n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 yksinkertaiselta, koska saatat ajatella, ett\u00e4 sinun tarvitsee vain jyrsi\u00e4 \u00e4\u00e4riviivat tavalliseen levyyn. Itse asiassa se ei ole yksinkertainen.<\/p><ol data-start=\"4396\" data-end=\"5929\"><li data-start=\"4396\" data-end=\"4463\"><p data-start=\"4399\" data-end=\"4463\">Jyrsi puolen reunan rei\u00e4t k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 kaksinkertaista V-muotoista leikkuureitti\u00e4.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4464\" data-end=\"4653\"><p data-start=\"4467\" data-end=\"4653\">Lis\u00e4\u00e4 toista porausta varten ohjainrei\u00e4t katkenneen rei\u00e4n reunaan. Poista kuparikuori aikaisin purseiden v\u00e4hent\u00e4miseksi. Vaihda suorasta porasta uraleikkuriin ja optimoi karan nopeus ja sy\u00f6tt\u00f6.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4654\" data-end=\"4757\"><p data-start=\"4657\" data-end=\"4757\">Levit\u00e4 levylle kuparipinnoite niin, ett\u00e4 levyn reunassa oleviin py\u00f6reisiin reikien sein\u00e4miin tulee kuparikerros.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4758\" data-end=\"5001\"><p data-start=\"4761\" data-end=\"5001\">Tee ulkokerroksen piiri laminoimalla, valottamalla ja kehitt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4. Tee sitten toinen kuparointi ja tinaus, jotta kuparikerros py\u00f6reiden reikien sein\u00e4miss\u00e4 reunoilla paksuuntuu ja peittyy tinakerroksella, joka kest\u00e4\u00e4 sy\u00f6vytyst\u00e4.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5002\" data-end=\"5078\"><p data-start=\"5005\" data-end=\"5078\">Muodosta puolikas reik\u00e4 leikkaamalla laudan reunassa oleva py\u00f6re\u00e4 reik\u00e4 kahtia.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5079\" data-end=\"5141\"><p data-start=\"5082\" data-end=\"5141\">Irrota laminoinnin aikana puristettu vastuskalvo.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5142\" data-end=\"5218\"><p data-start=\"5145\" data-end=\"5218\">Sy\u00f6vyt\u00e4 levy, jotta poistat kuorinnan j\u00e4lkeen j\u00e4ljell\u00e4 olevan kuparin.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5219\" data-end=\"5298\"><p data-start=\"5222\" data-end=\"5298\">Irrota levyn tina niin, ett\u00e4 kupari puolireik\u00e4sein\u00e4m\u00e4ss\u00e4 on n\u00e4kyviss\u00e4.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5299\" data-end=\"5410\"><p data-start=\"5302\" data-end=\"5410\">Muotoilun j\u00e4lkeen k\u00e4yt\u00e4 punaista teippi\u00e4 pit\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n yksikk\u00f6levyt yhdess\u00e4. Suorita ne em\u00e4ksisen sy\u00f6vytyksen l\u00e4pi purseiden poistamiseksi.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5411\" data-end=\"5715\"><p data-start=\"5415\" data-end=\"5715\">Kun levylle on tehty toinen kuparointi ja tinaus, leikkaa py\u00f6re\u00e4n reunan reik\u00e4 kahtia, jotta saadaan puolikas reik\u00e4. Koska rei\u00e4n sein\u00e4m\u00e4n kupari on tinan peitossa ja rei\u00e4n sein\u00e4m\u00e4n kupari on t\u00e4ysin yhteydess\u00e4 ulkokerroksen kupariin, sidos on vahva. Leikkaamalla v\u00e4ltet\u00e4\u00e4n kuparin nosto tai kuorinta.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5716\" data-end=\"5929\"><p data-start=\"5720\" data-end=\"5929\">Kun puolen rei\u00e4n muotoilu on valmis, poista resist ja sy\u00f6vyt\u00e4 sitten. N\u00e4in estet\u00e4\u00e4n kuparin pinnan hapettuminen ja v\u00e4ltet\u00e4\u00e4n kuparij\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4t tai jopa oikosulut. Se nostaa metalloitujen puolireik\u00e4isten piirilevyjen saantoa.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4jc7z5m elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4jc7z5m\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\" data-id=\"7882748\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fc6712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Usein kysytyt kysymykset<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"631b990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Mik\u00e4 on puolireik\u00e4inen (castellated) piirilevy?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\"><p>Puolireik\u00e4 (castellated) on p\u00e4\u00e4llystetty l\u00e4pireik\u00e4, joka on jyrsitty tai jyrsitty niin, ett\u00e4 vain puolet rei\u00e4st\u00e4 j\u00e4\u00e4 levyn reunaan. Se luo puoliympyr\u00e4nmuotoisen pinnoitetun tyynyn, jota k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n moduulien juottamiseen tai levy-levy-yhteyksiin.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Miten pinnoitetut puolikkaat rei\u00e4t valmistetaan (prosessin yleiskuvaus)?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\"><p>Valmistuksessa porataan yleens\u00e4 t\u00e4ydet p\u00e4\u00e4llystetyt rei\u00e4t, levytet\u00e4\u00e4n ne ja profiloidaan (jyrsit\u00e4\u00e4n) levyn reuna siten, ett\u00e4 puolet kustakin p\u00e4\u00e4llystetyst\u00e4 rei\u00e4st\u00e4 paljastuu. Tuloksena on pinnoitettu puoliympyr\u00e4nmuotoinen tyyny reunaa pitkin.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitk\u00e4 ovat puolireikien t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t sovellukset?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\"><p>Yleiset k\u00e4ytt\u00f6kohteet: moduulien irrotuslevyt (Bluetooth\/Wi-Fi-moduulit), levyn ja levyn v\u00e4liset juotosliit\u00e4nn\u00e4t, kompaktit modulaariset j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t ja tilanteet, joissa liittimet halutaan poistaa.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Tyypilliset v\u00e4himm\u00e4iskoot ja -v\u00e4lit - mit\u00e4 odottaa?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\"><p>Kyll\u00e4 - niit\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n laajalti pienikokoisissa moduuleissa ja hienojakoisissa irrotuslevyiss\u00e4, mutta suunnittelussa on otettava huomioon tyynyn koko, juotospinnan tasoitus ja juotos- ja virtausk\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyminen.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Miten minun pit\u00e4isi toimittaa tiedostot valmistajalle?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\"><p>Liit\u00e4 mukaan Gerber + poratiedostot (PTH), merkitse selv\u00e4sti kipsatut rei\u00e4t mekaaniseen kerrokseen tai huomautuksiin, anna haluttu viimeistely (esim. ENIG) ja pyyd\u00e4 tehtaalta DFM-palautetta.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview Electronic products place higher demands on printed circuit boards. Parts on the board grow rapidly in number. The part [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-page"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"57c7fef\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"0c217f1\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"22c756f\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<h2 data-start=\\\"46\\\" data-end=\\\"62\\\">Overview<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"63\\\" data-end=\\\"325\\\">Electronic products place higher demands on printed circuit boards. Parts on the board grow rapidly in number. The part sizes get smaller. Half-hole PCBs are used more and more because they are easy to solder, take little module area, and support many functions.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"63\\\" data-end=\\\"325\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-2758 size-full\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/Half-Hole-PCBs.webp\\\" alt=\\\"half-hole PCB\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"455\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"327\\\" data-end=\\\"358\\\">What is a half-hole PCB<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"359\\\" data-end=\\\"837\\\">A metal half-hole (or half-slot) is made by first <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.protoexpress.com\\\/blog\\\/no-chilling-when-it-comes-to-pcb-drilling\\\/\\\">drilling<\\\/a> and metallizing a hole, then drilling or routing again to cut the hole in half. Simply put, it is a metallized hole at the board edge cut in half. The edge half-metallized hole process is mature. In the PCB industry this is also called a \\u201cpostage-stamp hole.\\u201d You can solder the hole edge directly to the main board. This saves connectors and space. You often see it in signal circuits. Most module PCBs use half-holes.<\\\/p><h3 data-start=\\\"839\\\" data-end=\\\"892\\\">Characteristics of metallized half-hole PCBs<\\\/h3><ul data-start=\\\"893\\\" data-end=\\\"1094\\\"><li data-start=\\\"893\\\" data-end=\\\"922\\\"><p data-start=\\\"895\\\" data-end=\\\"922\\\">The single unit is small.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"923\\\" data-end=\\\"1094\\\"><p data-start=\\\"925\\\" data-end=\\\"1094\\\">The unit edge has a row of metallized half-holes. This unit is a subboard of a parent board. The metallized half-holes solder to the parent board and to component leads.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><p><img class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-2755 size-full\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/Characteristics-of-metallized-half-hole-PCBs.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Characteristics of metallized half hole PCBs\\\" width=\\\"589\\\" height=\\\"356\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"1096\\\" data-end=\\\"1139\\\">Advantages of the half-hole process<\\\/h2><ul data-start=\\\"1140\\\" data-end=\\\"2093\\\"><li data-start=\\\"1140\\\" data-end=\\\"1324\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1142\\\" data-end=\\\"1324\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"1142\\\" data-end=\\\"1168\\\">Increase pad strength.<\\\/strong> The half-hole design strengthens the edge pad mechanically. In modular PCBs it improves solder reliability. It fits high-density and high-vibration uses.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1325\\\" data-end=\\\"1577\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1327\\\" data-end=\\\"1577\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"1327\\\" data-end=\\\"1353\\\">Optimize space layout.<\\\/strong> Half-holes let you place parts more flexibly and use less space. For example, in a Wi-Fi module you can solder the edge half-hole directly to the main board and cut product thickness by about 60%. This suits thin devices.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1578\\\" data-end=\\\"1802\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1580\\\" data-end=\\\"1802\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"1580\\\" data-end=\\\"1604\\\">Simplify production.<\\\/strong> The process needs extra steps early on (for example, copper plating and precise singulation), but overall it is more efficient than using traditional connectors. It also avoids buying connectors.<img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2757\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/half-hole-Simplify-production.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"338\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1803\\\" data-end=\\\"1917\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1805\\\" data-end=\\\"1917\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"1805\\\" data-end=\\\"1828\\\">Improve appearance.<\\\/strong> Edge half-holes make the PCB look cleaner. This meets modern product appearance needs.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"1918\\\" data-end=\\\"2093\\\"><p data-start=\\\"1920\\\" data-end=\\\"2093\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"1920\\\" data-end=\\\"1951\\\">Enhance signal performance.<\\\/strong> In high-frequency cases (for example 5G) half-holes can lower parasitic capacitance and cut signal loss. This raises transmission efficiency.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><h2 data-start=\\\"2095\\\" data-end=\\\"2126\\\">Processing difficulties<\\\/h2><ol data-start=\\\"2127\\\" data-end=\\\"3157\\\"><li data-start=\\\"2127\\\" data-end=\\\"2357\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2130\\\" data-end=\\\"2357\\\">After forming, metallized half-hole PCBs often show problems in the hole wall copper. These include copper lift, dark copper, leftover burrs, and offset. These issues are a common challenge for PCB makers in the forming step.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"2358\\\" data-end=\\\"2604\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2361\\\" data-end=\\\"2604\\\">A full row of postage-stamp-like half-holes is especially hard. The hole size is about 0.6 mm. The hole-wall gap is about 0.45 mm. The outer layer pattern spacing is about 2 mm. The small gaps make short circuits easy because of copper skin.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"2605\\\" data-end=\\\"3157\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2608\\\" data-end=\\\"3157\\\">Common forming methods for metallized half-hole PCBs include CNC milling (router), mechanical punching, and V-cut. When these methods remove unneeded parts of the plated holes, they often leave copper threads and burrs on the cut PTH (plated through hole) edges. In serious cases the hole wall copper can lift or peel off. Also, during forming, PCB expansion, drill position accuracy, and forming precision can cause the half-holes on the left and right of the same unit to differ a lot in size. This makes soldering and assembly hard for customers.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h2 data-start=\\\"3159\\\" data-end=\\\"3207\\\">Points to note for half-hole PCB process<\\\/h2><ul data-start=\\\"3208\\\" data-end=\\\"3417\\\"><li data-start=\\\"3208\\\" data-end=\\\"3417\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3210\\\" data-end=\\\"3417\\\">All metallized half-hole PCB hole positions must be drilled after imaging\\\/plating (or after pattern plating), and before etching, so that at each end of the half-hole the crossing points have a drilled hole.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><ol data-start=\\\"3419\\\" data-end=\\\"4207\\\"><li data-start=\\\"3419\\\" data-end=\\\"3528\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3422\\\" data-end=\\\"3528\\\">The engineering department should set the MI (manufacturing instruction) flow for the half-hole process.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"3529\\\" data-end=\\\"3780\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3532\\\" data-end=\\\"3780\\\">For metal half-holes that are formed by first drilling (or routing), then pattern plating, then a second drill before etch, think about whether outer shape routing will expose copper. Move the drilled half-hole toward the unit interior if needed.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"3781\\\" data-end=\\\"4026\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3784\\\" data-end=\\\"4026\\\">For the right-side hole (drilled half-hole):<br data-start=\\\"3828\\\" data-end=\\\"3831\\\" \\\/>a. Drill it first, then flip the board (or mirror it) and drill the left-side hole.<br data-start=\\\"3917\\\" data-end=\\\"3920\\\" \\\/>b. This reduces the drill bit pulling on the hole copper and avoids copper loss inside the half-hole.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4027\\\" data-end=\\\"4109\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4030\\\" data-end=\\\"4109\\\">The drill size for the half-hole depends on the distance to the outline line.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4110\\\" data-end=\\\"4207\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4113\\\" data-end=\\\"4207\\\">Draw the solder mask film. For routed openings, add stop points and enlarge windows by 4 mils.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h2 data-start=\\\"4209\\\" data-end=\\\"4229\\\">Process flow<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"4230\\\" data-end=\\\"4394\\\">A half-hole is a metallized hole cut in half. It looks simple because you might think you only need to mill the outline on a normal board. In fact it is not simple.<\\\/p><ol data-start=\\\"4396\\\" data-end=\\\"5929\\\"><li data-start=\\\"4396\\\" data-end=\\\"4463\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4399\\\" data-end=\\\"4463\\\">Mill the half edge holes using a double V-shaped cutting path.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4464\\\" data-end=\\\"4653\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4467\\\" data-end=\\\"4653\\\">For the second drill, add guide holes at the broken hole edge. Remove copper skin early to reduce burrs. Switch from straight drill to slot cutter, and optimize spindle speed and feed.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4654\\\" data-end=\\\"4757\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4657\\\" data-end=\\\"4757\\\">Apply copper plating to the board so the round hole walls at the board edge get a layer of copper.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4758\\\" data-end=\\\"5001\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4761\\\" data-end=\\\"5001\\\">Make the outer layer circuit by laminating, exposing, and developing. Then do a second copper plating and tin plating so the copper layer on the round hole walls at the edge gets thicker and is covered by a tin layer that resists etching.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5002\\\" data-end=\\\"5078\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5005\\\" data-end=\\\"5078\\\">Form the half-hole by cutting the round hole at the board edge in half.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5079\\\" data-end=\\\"5141\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5082\\\" data-end=\\\"5141\\\">Strip the resist film that was pressed during lamination.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5142\\\" data-end=\\\"5218\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5145\\\" data-end=\\\"5218\\\">Etch the board to remove the exposed outer copper left after stripping.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5219\\\" data-end=\\\"5298\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5222\\\" data-end=\\\"5298\\\">Strip the tin on the board so the copper on the half-hole wall is exposed.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5299\\\" data-end=\\\"5410\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5302\\\" data-end=\\\"5410\\\">After forming, use red tape to hold unit boards together. Pass them through alkaline etch to remove burrs.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5411\\\" data-end=\\\"5715\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5415\\\" data-end=\\\"5715\\\">After the board gets a second copper plating and tin plating, cut the round edge hole in half to make the half-hole. Because the hole wall copper is covered by tin and the hole wall copper is fully connected to the outer layer copper, the bond is strong. Cutting then avoids copper lift or peeling.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5716\\\" data-end=\\\"5929\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5720\\\" data-end=\\\"5929\\\">After the half-hole forming is done, strip the resist and then etch. This prevents copper surface oxidation and avoids leftover copper or even short circuits. 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class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-57c7fef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"57c7fef\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"22c756f","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<h2 data-start=\"46\" data-end=\"62\">Overview<\/h2><p data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"325\">Electronic products place higher demands on printed circuit boards. Parts on the board grow rapidly in number. The part sizes get smaller. Half-hole PCBs are used more and more because they are easy to solder, take little module area, and support many functions.<\/p><p data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"325\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2758 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Half-Hole-PCBs.webp\" alt=\"half-hole PCB\" width=\"500\" height=\"455\" \/><\/p><h2 data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"358\">What is a half-hole PCB<\/h2><p data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"837\">A metal half-hole (or half-slot) is made by first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.protoexpress.com\/blog\/no-chilling-when-it-comes-to-pcb-drilling\/\">drilling<\/a> and metallizing a hole, then drilling or routing again to cut the hole in half. Simply put, it is a metallized hole at the board edge cut in half. The edge half-metallized hole process is mature. In the PCB industry this is also called a \u201cpostage-stamp hole.\u201d You can solder the hole edge directly to the main board. This saves connectors and space. You often see it in signal circuits. Most module PCBs use half-holes.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"839\" data-end=\"892\">Characteristics of metallized half-hole PCBs<\/h3><ul data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"1094\"><li data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"922\"><p data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"922\">The single unit is small.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"1094\"><p data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"1094\">The unit edge has a row of metallized half-holes. This unit is a subboard of a parent board. The metallized half-holes solder to the parent board and to component leads.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2755 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Characteristics-of-metallized-half-hole-PCBs.webp\" alt=\"Characteristics of metallized half hole PCBs\" width=\"589\" height=\"356\" \/><\/p><h2 data-start=\"1096\" data-end=\"1139\">Advantages of the half-hole process<\/h2><ul data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"2093\"><li data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1324\"><p data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1324\"><strong data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1168\">Increase pad strength.<\/strong> The half-hole design strengthens the edge pad mechanically. In modular PCBs it improves solder reliability. It fits high-density and high-vibration uses.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1325\" data-end=\"1577\"><p data-start=\"1327\" data-end=\"1577\"><strong data-start=\"1327\" data-end=\"1353\">Optimize space layout.<\/strong> Half-holes let you place parts more flexibly and use less space. For example, in a Wi-Fi module you can solder the edge half-hole directly to the main board and cut product thickness by about 60%. This suits thin devices.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1578\" data-end=\"1802\"><p data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1802\"><strong data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1604\">Simplify production.<\/strong> The process needs extra steps early on (for example, copper plating and precise singulation), but overall it is more efficient than using traditional connectors. It also avoids buying connectors.<img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2757\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/half-hole-Simplify-production.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" \/><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1803\" data-end=\"1917\"><p data-start=\"1805\" data-end=\"1917\"><strong data-start=\"1805\" data-end=\"1828\">Improve appearance.<\/strong> Edge half-holes make the PCB look cleaner. This meets modern product appearance needs.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"2093\"><p data-start=\"1920\" data-end=\"2093\"><strong data-start=\"1920\" data-end=\"1951\">Enhance signal performance.<\/strong> In high-frequency cases (for example 5G) half-holes can lower parasitic capacitance and cut signal loss. This raises transmission efficiency.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2126\">Processing difficulties<\/h2><ol data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"3157\"><li data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"2357\"><p data-start=\"2130\" data-end=\"2357\">After forming, metallized half-hole PCBs often show problems in the hole wall copper. These include copper lift, dark copper, leftover burrs, and offset. These issues are a common challenge for PCB makers in the forming step.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2358\" data-end=\"2604\"><p data-start=\"2361\" data-end=\"2604\">A full row of postage-stamp-like half-holes is especially hard. The hole size is about 0.6 mm. The hole-wall gap is about 0.45 mm. The outer layer pattern spacing is about 2 mm. The small gaps make short circuits easy because of copper skin.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2605\" data-end=\"3157\"><p data-start=\"2608\" data-end=\"3157\">Common forming methods for metallized half-hole PCBs include CNC milling (router), mechanical punching, and V-cut. When these methods remove unneeded parts of the plated holes, they often leave copper threads and burrs on the cut PTH (plated through hole) edges. In serious cases the hole wall copper can lift or peel off. Also, during forming, PCB expansion, drill position accuracy, and forming precision can cause the half-holes on the left and right of the same unit to differ a lot in size. This makes soldering and assembly hard for customers.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"3159\" data-end=\"3207\">Points to note for half-hole PCB process<\/h2><ul data-start=\"3208\" data-end=\"3417\"><li data-start=\"3208\" data-end=\"3417\"><p data-start=\"3210\" data-end=\"3417\">All metallized half-hole PCB hole positions must be drilled after imaging\/plating (or after pattern plating), and before etching, so that at each end of the half-hole the crossing points have a drilled hole.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><ol data-start=\"3419\" data-end=\"4207\"><li data-start=\"3419\" data-end=\"3528\"><p data-start=\"3422\" data-end=\"3528\">The engineering department should set the MI (manufacturing instruction) flow for the half-hole process.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3529\" data-end=\"3780\"><p data-start=\"3532\" data-end=\"3780\">For metal half-holes that are formed by first drilling (or routing), then pattern plating, then a second drill before etch, think about whether outer shape routing will expose copper. Move the drilled half-hole toward the unit interior if needed.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3781\" data-end=\"4026\"><p data-start=\"3784\" data-end=\"4026\">For the right-side hole (drilled half-hole):<br data-start=\"3828\" data-end=\"3831\" \/>a. Drill it first, then flip the board (or mirror it) and drill the left-side hole.<br data-start=\"3917\" data-end=\"3920\" \/>b. This reduces the drill bit pulling on the hole copper and avoids copper loss inside the half-hole.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4027\" data-end=\"4109\"><p data-start=\"4030\" data-end=\"4109\">The drill size for the half-hole depends on the distance to the outline line.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4110\" data-end=\"4207\"><p data-start=\"4113\" data-end=\"4207\">Draw the solder mask film. For routed openings, add stop points and enlarge windows by 4 mils.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"4209\" data-end=\"4229\">Process flow<\/h2><p data-start=\"4230\" data-end=\"4394\">A half-hole is a metallized hole cut in half. It looks simple because you might think you only need to mill the outline on a normal board. In fact it is not simple.<\/p><ol data-start=\"4396\" data-end=\"5929\"><li data-start=\"4396\" data-end=\"4463\"><p data-start=\"4399\" data-end=\"4463\">Mill the half edge holes using a double V-shaped cutting path.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4464\" data-end=\"4653\"><p data-start=\"4467\" data-end=\"4653\">For the second drill, add guide holes at the broken hole edge. Remove copper skin early to reduce burrs. Switch from straight drill to slot cutter, and optimize spindle speed and feed.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4654\" data-end=\"4757\"><p data-start=\"4657\" data-end=\"4757\">Apply copper plating to the board so the round hole walls at the board edge get a layer of copper.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4758\" data-end=\"5001\"><p data-start=\"4761\" data-end=\"5001\">Make the outer layer circuit by laminating, exposing, and developing. Then do a second copper plating and tin plating so the copper layer on the round hole walls at the edge gets thicker and is covered by a tin layer that resists etching.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5002\" data-end=\"5078\"><p data-start=\"5005\" data-end=\"5078\">Form the half-hole by cutting the round hole at the board edge in half.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5079\" data-end=\"5141\"><p data-start=\"5082\" data-end=\"5141\">Strip the resist film that was pressed during lamination.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5142\" data-end=\"5218\"><p data-start=\"5145\" data-end=\"5218\">Etch the board to remove the exposed outer copper left after stripping.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5219\" data-end=\"5298\"><p data-start=\"5222\" data-end=\"5298\">Strip the tin on the board so the copper on the half-hole wall is exposed.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5299\" data-end=\"5410\"><p data-start=\"5302\" data-end=\"5410\">After forming, use red tape to hold unit boards together. Pass them through alkaline etch to remove burrs.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5411\" data-end=\"5715\"><p data-start=\"5415\" data-end=\"5715\">After the board gets a second copper plating and tin plating, cut the round edge hole in half to make the half-hole. Because the hole wall copper is covered by tin and the hole wall copper is fully connected to the outer layer copper, the bond is strong. Cutting then avoids copper lift or peeling.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5716\" data-end=\"5929\"><p data-start=\"5720\" data-end=\"5929\">After the half-hole forming is done, strip the resist and then etch. This prevents copper surface oxidation and avoids leftover copper or even short circuits. It raises the yield for metallized half-hole PCBs.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"d5db85f"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<section class=\\\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4jc7z5m elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\\\" data-id=\\\"4jc7z5m\\\" data-element_type=\\\"section\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-background-overlay\\\"><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\\\" data-id=\\\"7882748\\\" data-element_type=\\\"column\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"9fc6712\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Frequently Asked Questions<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"631b990\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What is a half-hole (castellated) PCB?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\"><p>A half-hole (castellated) is a plated through-hole that is milled or routed so only half the hole remains at the board edge. It creates a semi-circular plated pad used for soldering modules or board-to-board connections.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">How are plated half-holes made (process overview)?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\"><p>Manufacturing typically drills full plated holes, plates them, then profiles (mills) the board edge to expose half of each plated hole. The result is a plated semi-circular pad along the edge.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are the main applications of half-holes?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\"><p>Common uses: module breakout boards (Bluetooth\\\/Wi-Fi modules), board-to-board solder connections, compact modular systems, and situations where connectors are to be eliminated.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Typical minimum sizes and spacing \\u2014 what to expect?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\"><p>Yes \\u2014 they are widely used for compact modules and fine-pitch breakout boards, but design must consider pad size, solder fillet, and solder-reflow behaviour.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">How should I provide files to the manufacturer?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\"><p>Include Gerber + drill (PTH) files, clearly mark castellated holes in mechanical layer or notes, supply desired finish (e.g., ENIG), and request the fab\\u2019s DFM feedback.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/section>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-2439.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-2439.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Overview Electronic products place higher demands on printed circuit boards. Parts on the board grow rapidly in number. The part [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2439"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3375,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2439\/revisions\/3375"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}