{"id":5003,"date":"2026-06-04T07:52:40","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T07:52:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=5003"},"modified":"2026-06-04T07:52:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T07:52:44","slug":"pcba-conformal-coating-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/pcba-conformal-coating-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"SMT PCBA Conformal Coating Process Guide (SMT PCBA Conformal Coating -prosessiopas)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Prosessin tausta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kun PCBA-komponentit pienenev\u00e4t ja tiivistyv\u00e4t, my\u00f6s osien v\u00e4linen et\u00e4isyys ja osien erottelukorkeus \u2013 eli osan ja piirilevyn v\u00e4linen rako \u2013 pienenev\u00e4t. Samalla ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tekij\u00f6iden vaikutus kasvaa yh\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n PCBA<\/a>. T\u00e4st\u00e4 syyst\u00e4 elektroniikkatuotteilta vaaditaan nyky\u00e4\u00e4n entist\u00e4 parempaa luotettavuutta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PCBA-komponentit ovat muuttumassa suurista pieniksi ja harvasta tihe\u00e4\u00e4n sijoitukseen. Miniatyrisoinnin ja tihe\u00e4n sijoittelun my\u00f6t\u00e4 ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n aiheuttamat vikaprobleemat ovat yh\u00e4 vakavampia. T\u00e4st\u00e4 syyst\u00e4 suojapinnoitus on noussut keskeiseksi prosessiksi, jolla varmistetaan PCBA:n luotettavuus k\u00e4yt\u00f6n aikana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Erilaisten ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tekij\u00f6iden vaikutus PCBA:han<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yleiset ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tekij\u00e4t, kuten kosteus, p\u00f6ly, suolasumu ja home, voivat kaikki aiheuttaa erilaisia PCBA-vikoja. T\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t vaikutukset ovat seuraavat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 Kosteuden vaikutus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Useimmat avoimessa ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4t elektroniset piirilevykokoonpanot ovat alttiina korroosiolle. Vesi on t\u00e4rkein korroosiota aiheuttava tekij\u00e4. Vesimolekyylit ovat hyvin pieni\u00e4, joten ne p\u00e4\u00e4sev\u00e4t tunkeutumaan joidenkin polymeerimateriaalien molekyyliv\u00e4leihin ja p\u00e4\u00e4sem\u00e4\u00e4n materiaalin sis\u00e4\u00e4n. Ne voivat my\u00f6s tunkeutua pinnoitteen pienien reikien l\u00e4pi alla olevaan metallikerrokseen ja aiheuttaa siell\u00e4 korroosiota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kun ilman kosteus saavuttaa tietyn tason, se voi aiheuttaa s\u00e4hk\u00f6kemiallista migraatiota piirilevyll\u00e4, vuotovirtaa sek\u00e4 signaalin v\u00e4\u00e4ristymi\u00e4 suurtaajuuspiireiss\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f6yry tai kosteus + ioniset ep\u00e4puhtaudet, kuten suolat ja juotosaineiden aktivaattorit = johtava elektrolyytti + j\u00e4nnite = s\u00e4hk\u00f6kemiallinen migraatio<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Effect<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kun suhteellinen kosteus nousee arvoon 80%, pinnalle voi muodostua 5\u201320 molekyylin paksuinen vesikalvo. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 vaiheessa monet molekyylit voivat liikkua vapaasti. Jos pinnalla on hiilt\u00e4, voi synty\u00e4 s\u00e4hk\u00f6kemiallisia reaktioita. Kun suhteellinen kosteus nousee arvoon 60%, laitteen pinnalle voi muodostua 2\u20134 molekyylin paksuinen vesikalvo. Jos siihen liukenee ep\u00e4puhtauksia, voi synty\u00e4 kemiallisia reaktioita. Kun suhteellinen kosteus on alle 20%, l\u00e4hes kaikki korroosio lakkaa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi kosteussuojaus on t\u00e4rke\u00e4 osa tuotteen suojaamista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elektroniikkalaitteissa kosteutta esiintyy kolmessa muodossa: sadevesi, kondensaatio ja vesih\u00f6yry. Vesi on elektrolyytti. Se voi liuottaa monia sy\u00f6vytt\u00e4vi\u00e4 ioneja ja aiheuttaa siten metallin korroosiota. Kun laitteen jonkin alueen l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila on alhaisempi kuin kastepiste, kyseiselle pinnalle muodostuu kondensaatiota. T\u00e4m\u00e4 voi tapahtua rakenneosissa tai piirilevyll\u00e4 (PCBA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 P\u00f6lyn vaikutus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ilmassa on p\u00f6ly\u00e4. P\u00f6ly voi ime\u00e4 itseens\u00e4 ionisia ep\u00e4puhtauksia ja laskeutua sitten elektroniikkalaitteiden sis\u00e4\u00e4n. T\u00e4m\u00e4 voi aiheuttaa toimintah\u00e4iri\u00f6it\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on yleinen ongelma ulkona sijaitsevissa elektroniikkalaitteissa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f6ly voidaan jakaa kahteen tyyppiin. Karkea p\u00f6ly koostuu ep\u00e4s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llisist\u00e4 hiukkasista, joiden halkaisija on 2,5\u201315 mikronia. Se ei yleens\u00e4 aiheuta vikoja tai kipin\u00f6inti\u00e4, mutta se voi vaikuttaa liittimien kosketukseen. Hienop\u00f6ly koostuu ep\u00e4s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llisist\u00e4 hiukkasista, joiden halkaisija on alle 2,5 mikronia. PCBA-levylle laskeutunut hienop\u00f6ly tarttuu jonkin verran, joten se voidaan poistaa vain antistaattisella harjalla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f6lyn haitat ovat seuraavat:
a. Kun p\u00f6ly laskeutuu PCBA:n pinnalle, se voi aiheuttaa s\u00e4hk\u00f6kemiallista korroosiota ja lis\u00e4t\u00e4 laitteen vikaantumisastetta.
b. P\u00f6lyn, l\u00e4mm\u00f6n ja kosteuden sek\u00e4 suolasumun yhdistelm\u00e4 aiheuttaa eniten vaurioita PCBA-piirilevyille. Vikaantumisaste on korkein niiss\u00e4 elektroniikkalaitteissa, jotka sijaitsevat rannikolla, aavikkoalueilla tai suola-alkalimailla, Huai-joen etel\u00e4puolella sadekauden aikana sek\u00e4 kemiantehtaiden tai kaivosalueiden l\u00e4heisyydess\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi p\u00f6lysuojaus on t\u00e4rke\u00e4 osa tuotteen suojaamista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Suolasumun vaikutus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Suolapilvi muodostuu aaltojen vaikutuksesta, vuoroveden liikkeist\u00e4, ilmakeh\u00e4n kiertoliikkeist\u00e4 (kuten monsuuni), ilmanpaineesta ja auringonvalosta. Se voi kulkeutua tuulen mukana sis\u00e4maahan. Pitoisuus laskee, kun et\u00e4isyys rannikosta kasvaa. Yleens\u00e4 1 km:n p\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 rannikosta pitoisuus on vain 1% rannikolla mitatusta arvosta. Taifuunikauden aikana suolapilvi voi kulkeutua kauemmas sis\u00e4maahan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suolasumun aiheuttamat haitat ovat seuraavat:<\/strong>
a. Se vahingoittaa metallisten rakenneosien pinnoitetta.
b. Se kiihdytt\u00e4\u00e4 s\u00e4hk\u00f6kemiallista korroosiota, mik\u00e4 voi aiheuttaa metallilankojen katkeamisen ja osien vikaantumisen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

My\u00f6s vastaavat korroosiol\u00e4hteet ovat yleisi\u00e4:<\/strong>
a. Ihmisen hiki sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 suolaa, ureaa, maitohappoa ja muita kemiallisia aineita. N\u00e4m\u00e4 voivat aiheuttaa elektroniikkalaitteille samanlaista korroosiota kuin suolasumu. T\u00e4st\u00e4 syyst\u00e4 asennuksen ja k\u00e4yt\u00f6n aikana on k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 suojak\u00e4sineit\u00e4, eik\u00e4 pinnoitettuja pintoja saa koskettaa paljain k\u00e4sin.
b. Fluxissa on halogeeneja ja happamia aineita. PCBA on puhdistettava, ja fluxin j\u00e4\u00e4mien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 on valvottava tarkasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi suolasumusuojaus on t\u00e4rke\u00e4 osa tuotteiden suojaamista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 Homeen vaikutus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHome\u201d on yleisnimitys s\u00e4ikeisille sienille. Se tarkoittaa \u201dhomeen kasvavia sieni\u00e4\u201d. Ne muodostavat usein haarautuneen ja tihe\u00e4n sienirihmaston, mutta eiv\u00e4t muodosta suuria hedelm\u00e4kappaleita kuten sienet. L\u00e4mpimiss\u00e4 ja kosteissa paikoissa monille esineille kasvaa n\u00e4kyvi\u00e4, nukkaisia, puuvillamaisia tai verkkomaisia pes\u00e4kkeit\u00e4. Se on hometta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Effect<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Homeen aiheuttamat haitat ovat seuraavat:
a. Home sy\u00f6 orgaanisia materiaaleja ja kasvaa niiden pinnalla. T\u00e4m\u00e4 voi heikent\u00e4\u00e4 materiaalin eristyskyky\u00e4 sek\u00e4 aiheuttaa vaurioita ja vikoja.
b. Homeen aineenvaihduntatuotteita ovat orgaaniset hapot. Ne voivat vaikuttaa eristykseen ja l\u00e4pily\u00f6ntilujuuteen sek\u00e4 aiheuttaa kipin\u00f6intiongelmia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi homeen torjunta on t\u00e4rke\u00e4 osa tuotteiden suojaamista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Katsaus konformaalipinnoitusprosessiin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kun otetaan huomioon kosteuden, p\u00f6lyn, suolasumun, homeen ja muiden ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6st\u00e4 johtuvien korroosiotekij\u00f6iden kokonaisvaikutus, PCBA-piirilevy on eristett\u00e4v\u00e4 ulkoisesta ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6st\u00e4 mahdollisimman tehokkaasti luotettavuuden parantamiseksi. T\u00e4st\u00e4 syyst\u00e4 otettiin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n suojapinnoitusprosessi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konformaalipinnoitetta kutsutaan my\u00f6s pintapinnoitteeksi tai konformaalipinnoitteeksi. Sen englanninkielinen nimi on coating tai conformal coating. Se on nyky\u00e4\u00e4n yleisin piirilevyjen pinnan suojausmenetelm\u00e4 juottamisen j\u00e4lkeen. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 prosessissa piirilevyn pinnalle levitet\u00e4\u00e4n ohut erist\u00e4v\u00e4 suojakerros. Se suojaa herkki\u00e4 elektronisia komponentteja ankarilta ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6olosuhteilta, parantaa merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti elektroniikkatuotteiden turvallisuutta ja luotettavuutta sek\u00e4 pident\u00e4\u00e4 tuotteen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6ik\u00e4\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konformaalipinnoite suojaa piirej\u00e4 ja komponentteja kosteudelta, ep\u00e4puhtauksilta, korroosiolta, rasitukselta, iskuilta, mekaaniselta t\u00e4rin\u00e4lt\u00e4 ja l\u00e4mp\u00f6sykleist\u00e4. Se voi my\u00f6s parantaa mekaanista lujuutta ja eristyskyky\u00e4. Pinnoituksen j\u00e4lkeen piirilevyn pinnalle muodostuu l\u00e4pin\u00e4kyv\u00e4 suojakalvo. T\u00e4m\u00e4 kalvo est\u00e4\u00e4 vesipisaroiden ja kosteuden tunkeutumisen ja ehk\u00e4isee vuotamista sek\u00e4 oikosulkuvikoja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Konformaalisen pinnoitusprosessin keskeiset kohdat, jotka perustuvat IPC-A-610E<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 Pinnoitusalueiden luokittelu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

4.1.1 Alueet, joilla pinnoitus ei ole sallittua<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4ihin kuuluvat alueet, jotka vaativat s\u00e4hk\u00f6liit\u00e4nn\u00e4n, kuten kultapinnat, kultasormet, l\u00e4pipinnoitetut rei\u00e4t ja testirei\u00e4t; paristot ja paristopidikkeet; liittimet; sulakkeet ja niiden kotelot; j\u00e4\u00e4hdytyselementit; hyppyjohdot; optisten laitteiden kameran linssit; potentiometrit; anturit; kytkimet, joissa ei ole tiivistetty\u00e4 rakennetta; sek\u00e4 kaikki alueet, joilla pinnoite vaikuttaa laitteen suorituskykyyn tai normaaliin toimintaan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1.2 Pinnoitettavat alueet<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kaikki juotosliitokset, nastat ja komponenttien johtavat osat on p\u00e4\u00e4llystett\u00e4v\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1.3 Valinnaiset pinnoitusalueet<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4ille alueille ei ole asetettu selkeit\u00e4 pakollisia pinnoitusvaatimuksia. Ne voidaan pinnoittaa tuotteen tarpeiden ja asiakkaan vaatimusten mukaisesti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2 Pinnoitteen paksuuden standardi ja testausmenetelm\u00e4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pinnoitteen paksuus tulisi mitata painetun piirilevykokoonpanon tasaiselta, paljaalta ja kovettuneelta pinnalta. Se voidaan mitata my\u00f6s samassa prosessissa kuin kokoonpano valmistetulta vertailulevylt\u00e4. Vertailulevy voi olla valmistettu samasta materiaalista kuin piirilevy, tai se voi olla huokoamatonta materiaalia, kuten metallia tai lasia. M\u00e4rk\u00e4kalvon paksuuden mittausta voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s vaihtoehtoisena tapana tarkistaa pinnoitteen paksuus. T\u00e4ll\u00f6in kuiva-m\u00e4rk\u00e4-kalvon muuntokerroin on tiedett\u00e4v\u00e4 etuk\u00e4teen, ja mittaustulokset on kirjattava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paksuuden mittausmenetelm\u00e4t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Kuivakalvon paksuuden mittaus: mittaukseen voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 mikrometri\u00e4 IPC-CC-830B-standardin mukaisesti. My\u00f6s rautapohjaista kuivakalvon paksuusmittaria voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. M\u00e4rk\u00e4kalvon paksuuden mittaus: mittaa m\u00e4rk\u00e4kalvon paksuus m\u00e4rk\u00e4kalvon paksuusmittarilla ja muunna se sitten todelliseksi kuivakalvon paksuudeksi pinnoitemateriaalin kiintoainepitoisuuden perusteella.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    4.3 Reunan erottelutarkkuusvaatimus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4: Normaalilla sumutusventtiilill\u00e4 sumutetun viivan reuna ei voi olla t\u00e4ysin suora. Siihen j\u00e4\u00e4 pieni\u00e4 ep\u00e4tasaisuuksia. N\u00e4iden ep\u00e4tasaisuuksien leveytt\u00e4 kutsutaan reunan erottelukyvyksi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Prosessivaatimus: mit\u00e4 pienempi reunan erottelukykyarvo on, sit\u00e4 tarkempi pinnoitus on. Yht\u00e4 ainoaa vakiostandardia ei ole. Sen on vain t\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 asiakkaan asettamat vaatimukset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.4 Yhdenmukaisuusvaatimus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Konformaalipinnoitteen on muodostettava yhten\u00e4inen kalvo tuotteen pinnalle. Kalvon paksuuden on oltava tasainen, ja sen on oltava sile\u00e4 ja kirkas. Pinnoitteen peittokyvyn on oltava tasainen koko tuotteen alueella. Pinnoituksen j\u00e4lkeen tuotteen pinnalla ei saa n\u00e4ky\u00e4 halkeamia, kerrosten irtoamista, appelsiininkuorimaisuutta, ep\u00e4puhtauksia, kapillaarivaikutusta, kuplia tai muita valmistusvirheit\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. T\u00e4ydellinen konformaalipinnoitusprosessi ja t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t menetelm\u00e4t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    5.1 Varhainen valmistautuminen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Valmistele PCBA-tuote, suojapinnoitemateriaali ja muut apumateriaalit. M\u00e4\u00e4rit\u00e4 alueet, jotka on suojattava paikallisesti peitt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4. Varmista ja vahvista kaikki keskeiset prosessitiedot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.2 Puhdistusprosessi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Puhdistus tulisi suorittaa mahdollisimman pian PCBA-juottamisen p\u00e4\u00e4tytty\u00e4. N\u00e4in v\u00e4ltet\u00e4\u00e4n se, ett\u00e4 juotosj\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4t kovettuvat ja niiden poistaminen vaikeutuu. Arvioi ensin, onko ep\u00e4puhtaus polaarinen vai ei-polaarinen, ja valitse sen j\u00e4lkeen sopiva puhdistusaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Jos k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n alkoholipohjaista puhdistusainetta, ty\u00f6alueen on oltava hyvin tuuletettu. Puhdistuksen j\u00e4lkeen alue on kuivattava huolellisesti, jotta liuottimen j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6kset eiv\u00e4t aiheuta uunin r\u00e4j\u00e4hdyst\u00e4 haihtuessaan. Jos k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n vesipesuprosessia, k\u00e4yt\u00e4 hieman em\u00e4ksist\u00e4 emulgoitua puhdistusnestett\u00e4 juotosj\u00e4\u00e4mi\u00e4 poistettaessa ja huuhtele sen j\u00e4lkeen huolellisesti puhtaalla vedell\u00e4. Varmista, ett\u00e4 puhdistuksen laatustandardi t\u00e4yttyy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.3 Peittosuojausprosessi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Jos valikoivaa pinnoituslaitetta ei k\u00e4ytet\u00e4, pinnoittamattomat alueet on peitett\u00e4v\u00e4 ennen pinnoitusta. K\u00e4yt\u00e4 teippi\u00e4, joka ei j\u00e4t\u00e4 j\u00e4lki\u00e4 eik\u00e4 siirr\u00e4 liimaa. Piirikomponenttien osalta on k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 ensin antistaattista paperiteippi\u00e4. Kaikki osat on peitett\u00e4v\u00e4 ja suojattava tarkasti piirustuksen mukaisesti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.4 Ilmankuivausprosessi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Puhdistuksen ja peitt\u00e4misen j\u00e4lkeen PCBA-levy on esikuumennettava ja kuivattava ennen pinnoitusta. Valitse sopiva esikuumennusl\u00e4mp\u00f6tila ja pitoaika sen mukaan, mik\u00e4 on PCBA-levyn suurin sallittu l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila. T\u00e4m\u00e4 poistaa kosteuden kokonaan piirilevyst\u00e4 ja komponenttien sis\u00e4lt\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5 T\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t pinnoitusmenetelm\u00e4t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Konformaalipinnoitusprosessi voidaan valita joustavasti PCBA:n suojausasteen, tuotantolaitteiden ja teknisen kokoonpanon perusteella. T\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t menetelm\u00e4t ovat seuraavat nelj\u00e4 tyyppi\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.1 Manuaalinen sivellinpinnoitus<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Harjapinnoitus soveltuu monenlaisiin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6tarkoituksiin. Se sopii erityisesti pienerien tuotantoon, tuotteisiin, joissa on monimutkaisia ja tiheit\u00e4 PCBA-rakenteita, sek\u00e4 tuotteisiin, joissa peittosuojausvaatimukset ovat tiukat. Menetelm\u00e4 mahdollistaa tarkan manuaalisen hallinnan ja antaa mahdollisuuden v\u00e4ltt\u00e4\u00e4 pinnoittamattomat alueet eritt\u00e4in tarkasti, mik\u00e4 est\u00e4\u00e4 kontaminaatiota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Manual<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e4ss\u00e4 prosessissa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n hyvin v\u00e4h\u00e4n pinnoitemateriaalia, joten se sopii kalliille kaksikomponenttipinnoitteille. Se vaatii k\u00e4ytt\u00e4j\u00e4lt\u00e4 korkeaa ammattitaitoa. Ennen ty\u00f6n aloittamista k\u00e4ytt\u00e4j\u00e4n on ymm\u00e4rrett\u00e4v\u00e4 piirustuksessa esitetyt pinnoitusvaatimukset, tunnistettava eri komponentit, tiedett\u00e4v\u00e4 selv\u00e4sti alueet, joita ei saa pinnoittaa, ja teht\u00e4v\u00e4 merkinn\u00e4t selv\u00e4sti n\u00e4kyviksi. Koko ty\u00f6prosessin ajan paljaat k\u00e4det eiv\u00e4t saa koskettaa painettuja liitososia, jotta v\u00e4ltyt\u00e4\u00e4n toissijaiselta likaantumiselta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.2 Manuaalinen kastelupinnoitus<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Kastelupinnoituksella voidaan muodostaa tasainen, yhten\u00e4inen ja kattava pinnoitekerros. Pinnoituksen kokonaisvaikutus on eritt\u00e4in hyv\u00e4. Menetelm\u00e4 ei kuitenkaan sovellu PCBA-tuotteille, joissa on s\u00e4\u00e4dett\u00e4v\u00e4t kondensaattorit, s\u00e4\u00e4dett\u00e4v\u00e4t magneettisyd\u00e4met, potentiometrit, kupinmuotoiset magneettisyd\u00e4met tai huonosti tiivistetyt osat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kastop\u00e4\u00e4llystyksen keskeiset prosessiparametrit ovat seuraavat: suojap\u00e4\u00e4llysteen viskositeetti on s\u00e4\u00e4dett\u00e4v\u00e4 tarkasti; PCBA:n nostonopeutta on valvottava tiukasti; nostonopeus ei saa ylitt\u00e4\u00e4 yht\u00e4 metri\u00e4 sekunnissa, jotta p\u00e4\u00e4llysteeseen ei muodostu ilmakuplia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.3 Manuaalinen ruiskumaalaus<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e4m\u00e4 menetelm\u00e4 sopii tuotteille, joilla on monimutkainen rakenne, joita on monenlaisia ja joiden er\u00e4koot ovat pieni\u00e4, ja joiden massatuotanto automaattisilla laitteilla ei ole mahdollista. Se pystyy k\u00e4sittelem\u00e4\u00e4n erityiset kulmat ja raot eritt\u00e4in hyvin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ty\u00f6ohjeet: ruiskutus sumu voi helposti likaantua alueita, joihin pinnoitetta ei ole tarkoitus levitt\u00e4\u00e4, kuten piirilevyjen liitinkappaleita, IC-liittimi\u00e4, tarkkuuskoskettimia ja maadoitusalueita. Siksi suojaaminen on suoritettava ennen ruiskuttamista. K\u00e4ytt\u00e4jien ei saa koskettaa painettuja liittimi\u00e4 paljain k\u00e4sin, jotta kosketuspinta ei likaannu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.5.4 Automaattinen ruiskumaalaus<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e4ss\u00e4 menetelm\u00e4ss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n yleens\u00e4 valikoivia automaattisia pinnoituslaitteita. Se soveltuu laajamittaiseen standardoituun tuotantoon. Sen etuja ovat pinnoituksen tasaisuus, korkea tarkkuus ja v\u00e4h\u00e4isempi ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n pilaantuminen. Teollisuuden kehittyess\u00e4, ty\u00f6voimakustannusten noustessa ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ysten tiukentuessa automaattiset ruiskutuslaitteet ovat v\u00e4hitellen korvaamassa perinteisen manuaalisen pinnoituksen. Siit\u00e4 on tulossa alan p\u00e4\u00e4asiallinen menetelm\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Automatic<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1. Process Background As PCBA components become smaller and more dense, the distance between parts and the stand-off height of 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