{"id":5050,"date":"2026-06-22T07:59:47","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T07:59:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=5050"},"modified":"2026-06-22T07:59:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T07:59:50","slug":"why-is-standard-pcb-thickness-1-6mm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/why-is-standard-pcb-thickness-1-6mm\/","title":{"rendered":"Miksi piirilevyjen vakiopaksuus on 1,6 mm?"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n        \/* \u4e8c\u7ea7\u6807\u9898 *\/\n        .blog-content h2 {\n            color: #1e293b;\n            margin-top: 32px;\n            margin-bottom: 16px;\n            border-left: 4px solid #FE5D00;\n            padding-left: 12px;\n        }\n\n        \/* \u6bb5\u843d *\/\n        .blog-content p {\n            margin-bottom: 16px;\n            color: #334155;\n        }\n\n        .blog-content em {\n            color: #4b5563;\n            font-style: italic;\n        }\n\n        \/* \u8868\u683c *\/\n        .blog-content .table-wrap {\n            overflow-x: auto;\n            margin: 16px 0;\n        }\n\n        .blog-content table {\n            width: 100%;\n            border-collapse: collapse;\n            font-size: 14px;\n        }\n\n        .blog-content th, td {\n            border: 1px solid #d1d5db;\n            padding: 6px 8px;\n            text-align: center;\n        }\n\n        .blog-content th {\n            background-color: #fff7ed;\n            font-weight: 600;\n            color: #FE5D00;\n        }\n\n        \/* \u63d0\u793a\u6846 *\/\n        .blog-content .note-box {\n            background-color: #fff7ed;\n            border-left: 4px solid #FE5D00;\n            padding: 16px;\n            margin: 20px 0;\n        }\n\n        .blog-content .note-box strong {\n            color: #FE5D00;\n        }\n\n        \/* \u516c\u5f0f\u5757 *\/\n        .blog-content .formula {\n            background-color: #f1f5f9;\n            padding: 12px 16px;\n            border-radius: 6px;\n            font-family: \"SFMono-Regular\", Consolas, \"Liberation Mono\", Menlo, monospace;\n            text-align: center;\n            font-size: 18px;\n            margin: 12px 0;\n        }\n\n        .blog-content .formula-block {\n            background-color: #f1f5f9;\n            padding: 16px;\n            border-radius: 6px;\n            font-family: \"SFMono-Regular\", Consolas, \"Liberation Mono\", Menlo, monospace;\n            margin: 12px 0;\n            line-height: 1.6;\n        }\n\n        .blog-content .spec-full-img {\n            width: 100%;\n            height: auto;\n            display: block;\n            max-width: 100%;\n            margin: 22px 0;\n            border-radius: 6px;\n        }\n\n    <\/style><div class=\"blog-content\">\n\n    <p>\n        Yleens\u00e4 valmiin vakiomallisen piirilevyn paksuus on 0,8\u20131,6 mm. Yleisin oletuspaksuus\non 1,6 mm (noin 63 mil). Monet liittimien standardit on my\u00f6s suunniteltu juuri t\u00e4t\u00e4 1,6 mm:n paksuutta varten. Miten siis\nt\u00e4m\u00e4 paksuusstandardi syntyi?\n    <\/p>\n\n    <h2>Piirilevyteollisuuden alkuvaihe<\/h2>\n    <p>\n        Piirilevyjen kehityshistoriasta voidaan n\u00e4hd\u00e4, ett\u00e4 elektroniputkien aikakaudella piirilevyteollisuus oli viel\u00e4\nalkuvaiheessa. Koska elektroniputket tuottivat paljon l\u00e4mp\u00f6\u00e4, ne olivat suuria eik\u00e4 niit\u00e4 ollut helppo asentaa\npiirilevylle. Ne vaativat my\u00f6s tietty\u00e4 mekaanista lujuutta. Tuolloin elektroniikkatuotteet valmistettiin p\u00e4\u00e4osin\nk\u00e4sin.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        Osoitteessa <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/fi\/pcb-substrate-classification-and-material-properties\/\">PCB-pohjamateriaalit<\/a>, t\u00e4m\u00e4 liittyi my\u00f6s epoksihartsien kehitt\u00e4miseen piirilevyjen alustoiksi. Tuolloin\npiirilevyjen perusmateriaalit, kuparifolio ja muut asiaan liittyv\u00e4t valmistusprosessit eiv\u00e4t olleet viel\u00e4 edenneet teolliseen\ntuotantoon.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        1920-luvulla piirisuunnittelijat valmistivat piirilevyj\u00e4 bakeliitista (fenolihartsista), kipsilevyst\u00e4, pahvista ja jopa\n ohuista puulevyist\u00e4. N\u00e4m\u00e4 levyt n\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t samankaltaisilta kuin piirilevyt tai kokeilulevyt. Materiaaliin porattiin reiki\u00e4,\n ja sen j\u00e4lkeen tasaiset kuparilangat kiinnitettiin levyyn niiteill\u00e4 tai pulteilla, jolloin muodostui kytkent\u00e4piiri.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        1920-luvulla Signalin valmistama TRF-radio rakennettiin puisen koekytkent\u00e4levyn avulla.\n    <\/p>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TRF-radio.webp\" alt=\"TRF radio\" class=\"spec-full-img\">\n    <h2>Fenolihartsin nousu ja levi\u00e4minen<\/h2>\n    <p>\n        N\u00e4ist\u00e4 hartseista bakeliitti syntetisoitiin ensimm\u00e4isen kerran vuonna 1872 saksalaisen kemistin Adolf von Baeyerin (1835\u20131917) toimesta.\n        Vuonna 1907 amerikkalainen kemisti Leo Hendrik Baekeland (1863\u20131944) paransi fenolihartsin\nvalmistusprosessia ja teki siit\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6llisen ja teollisesti k\u00e4ytt\u00f6kelpoisen. Vuonna 1910 h\u00e4n perusti General Bakelite Company -yhti\u00f6n ja antoi\nt\u00e4lle materiaalille nimen \u201cbakeliitti\u201d.\u201d\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        1900-luvun alkupuolella Baekelandin fenolihartsin pohjalta aloitettiin fenolihartsin teollinen tuotanto\n Saksassa, Isossa-Britanniassa, Ranskassa, Japanissa ja muissa maissa. Fenolihartsia alettiin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 laajalti my\u00f6s\n radioiden s\u00e4\u00e4timiss\u00e4, levysoittimissa, piirilevyiss\u00e4 (ei painetuissa piirilevyiss\u00e4) ja tuotteiden koteloissa.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <h2>Fenolilaminaatti vauhditti piirilevyjen kehityst\u00e4<\/h2>\n    <p>\n        Vuonna 1927 Formican valmistamaa laminaattia k\u00e4ytettiin kotiradioissa ja meriradioissa. Samana vuonna Formica l\u00f6ysi\ntavan lis\u00e4t\u00e4 koristepaperia litografisen prosessin avulla, joten laminaattiin voitiin valmistaa puunsyykuvioita ja\nmarmorikuvioita. Kun laminaatista tuli entist\u00e4 v\u00e4rikk\u00e4\u00e4mp\u00e4\u00e4 ja koristeellisempaa, my\u00f6s monissa ty\u00f6p\u00f6ydiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin fenolilaminaattia\npintamateriaalina.\n    <\/p>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Phenolic-Laminate.webp\" alt=\"Phenolic Laminate\" class=\"spec-full-img\">\n    <p>\n        Fenolilaminaatti on vahva polymeerimateriaali, jolla on hyv\u00e4t eristysominaisuudet. Se kest\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s l\u00e4mp\u00f6\u00e4, vett\u00e4\nja kemikaaleja sek\u00e4 pystyy johtamaan suhteellisen suurta virtaa. Vaikka sit\u00e4 ei\nalun perin kehitetty piirilevyj\u00e4 varten, sen mekaaninen lujuus oli huomattavasti parempi kuin kipsilevyll\u00e4, pahvilla ja ohuilla\npuulevyill\u00e4. Niinp\u00e4 siit\u00e4 tuli v\u00e4hitellen t\u00e4rke\u00e4 perusmateriaali elektroniikan piirilevyille.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        Mutta fenolilaminaatille reikien poraaminen ja kaikkien elektroniikkakomponenttien liitt\u00e4minen oli silti eritt\u00e4in vaikeaa, ja se oli\njopa hankalampaa kuin koekortin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6. My\u00f6hemmin keksittiin menetelm\u00e4, jossa kuparifolio kiinnitettiin\nfenolilaminaatin pinnalle ja johtokuvio sy\u00f6vytettiin siihen. Vuonna 1913 brittil\u00e4inen keksij\u00e4 Bury kehitti\n menetelm\u00e4n, jossa metallifolio p\u00e4\u00e4llystettiin sy\u00f6vytyst\u00e4 est\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 suojakerroksella ja muodostettiin sitten johtavat kuviot sy\u00f6vytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4.\n T\u00e4t\u00e4 pidet\u00e4\u00e4n modernin piirilevyvalmistuksen t\u00e4rke\u00e4n\u00e4 perustana.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        Kun piirilevyjen v\u00e4listen liit\u00e4nt\u00f6jen tarve kasvoi jatkuvasti, markkinoille tulivat my\u00f6s piirilevyliittimet.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <h2>Miten 1,6 mm:n levypaksuuden standardi syntyi<\/h2>\n    <p>\n        Tuolloin fenolihartsilaminaattia k\u00e4ytettiin laajalti 1\/16 tuuman (noin 63 mil tai 1,6 mm) paksuisena. Niinp\u00e4\nmy\u00f6s varhaiset piirilevyjen v\u00e4liset liittimet, urat ja vastaavat tuotteet suunniteltiin 1\/16 tuuman piirilevyn\npaksuuden mukaan.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        Toimitusketjun kehittyess\u00e4 vakiintui kattava standardij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4, jonka perustana oli 1\/16 tuumaa (noin 1,6 mm). Vaikka\npiirilevyjen materiaalit ja valmistusprosessit muuttuivatkin huomattavasti, 1,6 mm:n levypaksuus s\u00e4ilyi edelleen ja\nsiit\u00e4 tuli v\u00e4hitellen piirilevyteollisuuden vakiopaksuus.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <h2>Nykyaikaiset piirilevyjen paksuusstandardit<\/h2>\n    <p>\n        Nyky\u00e4\u00e4n substraattimateriaalit ovat paljon monipuolisempia, mutta 1,6 mm (tai 63 mil) on edelleen monien piirilevytehtaiden k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4 oletuspaksuus\nvalmiille piirilevyille. My\u00f6s vakiopaksuusalue on laajentunut v\u00e4lille 0,8\u20131,6 mm.\n        <br>\n        <em>(Noudata levyvalmistajan omia standardeja. Jotkut valmistajat k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t paksuuksia 0,6\u20132,5 mm.)<\/em>\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        Jos joudut valmistamaan ohuempia tai paksumpia piirilevyj\u00e4, kuten 0,4 mm:n tai 3,0 mm:n paksuisia levyj\u00e4 (esimerkiksi 20-kerroksisia levyj\u00e4),\nt\u00e4st\u00e4 aiheutuu ylim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isi\u00e4 materiaalikustannuksia. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on siis otettava huomioon piirilevyn suunnittelussa.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <h2>PCB:n kuparin paksuus ja virrankantokyky<\/h2>\n    <p>\n        Piirilevyjen suunnittelussa ja valmistuksessa kuparin paksuuden mittayksikk\u00f6n\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n usein OZ:ta. 1 oz:n kuparin paksuus tarkoittaa, ett\u00e4\n1 neli\u00f6tuuman alueella oleva kuparifolio painaa 1 unssin ja sen fyysinen paksuus on noin 35 \u03bcm.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>Eri paksuisen ja leve\u00e4n kuparifolion virrankantokyky on esitetty alla:<\/p>\n\n    <!-- \u8f7d\u6d41\u80fd\u529b\u8868\u683c -->\n    <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n        <table>\n            <thead>\n            <tr>\n                <th>Kuparin paksuus<\/th>\n                <th>Virta (A)<\/th>\n                <th>Leveys (mm)<\/th>\n                <th>Virta (A)<\/th>\n                <th>Leveys (mm)<\/th>\n                <th>Virta (A)<\/th>\n                <th>Leveys (mm)<\/th>\n            <\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n            <tr>\n                <td rowspan=\"12\">70 \u03bcm<\/td>\n                <td>6.00<\/td>\n                <td>2.50<\/td>\n                <td>5.10<\/td>\n                <td>2.50<\/td>\n                <td>4.50<\/td>\n                <td>2.50<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>5.10<\/td>\n                <td>2.00<\/td>\n                <td>4.30<\/td>\n                <td>2.00<\/td>\n                <td>4.00<\/td>\n                <td>2.00<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>4.20<\/td>\n                <td>1.50<\/td>\n                <td>3.50<\/td>\n                <td>1.50<\/td>\n                <td>3.20<\/td>\n                <td>1.50<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>3.60<\/td>\n                <td>1.20<\/td>\n                <td>3.00<\/td>\n                <td>1.20<\/td>\n                <td>2.70<\/td>\n                <td>1.20<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>3.20<\/td>\n                <td>1.00<\/td>\n                <td>2.60<\/td>\n                <td>1.00<\/td>\n                <td>2.30<\/td>\n                <td>1.00<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>2.80<\/td>\n                <td>0.80<\/td>\n                <td>2.40<\/td>\n                <td>0.80<\/td>\n                <td>2.00<\/td>\n                <td>0.80<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>2.30<\/td>\n                <td>0.60<\/td>\n                <td>1.90<\/td>\n                <td>0.60<\/td>\n                <td>1.60<\/td>\n                <td>0.60<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>2.00<\/td>\n                <td>0.50<\/td>\n                <td>1.70<\/td>\n                <td>0.50<\/td>\n                <td>1.35<\/td>\n                <td>0.50<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>1.70<\/td>\n                <td>0.40<\/td>\n                <td>1.35<\/td>\n                <td>0.40<\/td>\n                <td>1.10<\/td>\n                <td>0.40<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>1.30<\/td>\n                <td>0.30<\/td>\n                <td>1.10<\/td>\n                <td>0.30<\/td>\n                <td>0.80<\/td>\n                <td>0.30<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>0.90<\/td>\n                <td>0.20<\/td>\n                <td>0.70<\/td>\n                <td>0.20<\/td>\n                <td>0.55<\/td>\n                <td>0.20<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <td>0.70<\/td>\n                <td>0.15<\/td>\n                <td>0.50<\/td>\n                <td>0.15<\/td>\n                <td>0.20<\/td>\n                <td>0.15<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"note-box\">\n        <strong>Huom:<\/strong> Kun kuparifoliota k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n suurvirran johtimena,\nkuparijohdon leveyden virrankantokyky tulisi valita taulukon arvojen perusteella soveltaen 50%-tehonalennusta.\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p>\n        Koska kuparip\u00e4\u00e4llystetyn piirilevyn kuparifolion paksuus on rajallinen, virrankantokyky on otettava\nhuomioon nauhamaisissa kuparijohtimissa, joiden on kuljetettava suurta virtaa. K\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n esimerkkin\u00e4 tyypillist\u00e4 kuparifolion\n paksuutta 0,03 mm: jos kuparifoliota k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n nauhamaisena johtimena, jonka leveys on W (mm) ja pituus\n L (mm), sen vastus on:\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n        0,0005 L\/W\u00b7ohm\n    <\/div>\n    <p>\n        Kuparifolion virrankantokyky riippuu my\u00f6s piirilevylle asennettujen komponenttien tyypist\u00e4 ja lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4st\u00e4\nsek\u00e4 l\u00e4mm\u00f6npoisto-olosuhteista. Turvallisuussyist\u00e4 kuparifolion virrankantokyky voidaan yleens\u00e4\narvioida seuraavan empiirisen kaavan avulla:\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"formula\">\n        0,15 W (A)\n    <\/div>\n\n    <h2>Kuinka laskea piirilevyn kuparikaistan leveys ja virta<\/h2>\n    <p>Menetelm\u00e4 piirilevyn kupariliuskan leveyden ja sen kuljettaman virran laskemiseksi:<\/p>\n    <p>\n        Yleens\u00e4 piirilevyn kuparifolion paksuus on 35 \u03bcm. Kun johtimen leveys on 1 mm, johtimen poikkipinta-ala\non 0,035 mm\u00b2. Yleens\u00e4 virrantiheydeksi otetaan 30 A\/mm\u00b2, joten jokainen 1 mm:n leveys voi kuljettaa noin 1\nA:n virtaa.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>IPC-standardissa esitet\u00e4\u00e4n my\u00f6s l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan nousua, kuparin paksuutta ja pinta-alaa A koskevat kaavat:<\/p>\n    <div class=\"formula-block\">\n        I = 0,0150(DT\u2070,\u2075\u2074\u2075\u00b3)(A\u2070,\u2077\u00b3\u2074\u2079) IPC-D-275 -sis\u00e4isille johtimille\n        <br><br>\n        I = 0,0647(DT^0,4281)(A^0,6732) IPC-D-275:n ulkoisille johtimille\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Usually, the thickness of a finished standard PCB is between 0.8 mm and 1.6 mm. The most common default board [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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