{"id":1921,"date":"2025-08-25T02:26:59","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T02:26:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=1921"},"modified":"2025-09-26T09:20:59","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T09:20:59","slug":"bga-assmebly","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eafp r\u00e1p BGA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1921\" class=\"elementor elementor-1921\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ca6a79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2ca6a79\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48d66a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48d66a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"299\" data-end=\"314\">L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2><p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"452\">C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BGA b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. IBM t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, BGA ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990.<\/p><p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"452\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3456\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA_1.webp\" alt=\"BGA\" width=\"400\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA_1.webp 400w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA_1-286x300.webp 286w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"1182\">V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n I\/O h\u01a1n. <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-assembly\/smt-assembly\/\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (SMT)<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 nh\u1eb9, m\u1ecfng, ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn. SMT c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n c\u1eafm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n d\u1eabn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n c\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n QFP (Quad Flat Pack) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 0,3 mm. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n QFP c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. V\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n BGA. H\u1ecd coi BGA l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi QFP cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"1184\" data-end=\"1209\">BGA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1560\">BGA l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ball Grid Array. Trong lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecf n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed theo d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ecf. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i I\/O gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n g\u1eafn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd (CPU) th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ecf DIP, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p><p data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"2114\">Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c chip IC ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e2n I\/O c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n I\/O tr\u00ean v\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i BGA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><p data-start=\"2116\" data-end=\"2525\">Trong s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecf IC, BGA l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1996\u20132001. N\u0103m 1999, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng BGA \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n c\u1eafm nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng I\/O cao h\u01a1n. Bao b\u00ec BGA ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho chipset PC, vi x\u1eed l\u00fd\/b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, ASIC, m\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5ng, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, DSP, PDA, PLD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"2527\" data-end=\"2591\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i BGA theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1ecf<\/h2><p data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2651\">T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb BGA ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><ul data-start=\"2653\" data-end=\"2776\"><li data-start=\"2653\" data-end=\"2673\"><p data-start=\"2655\" data-end=\"2673\">PBGA (BGA nh\u1ef1a)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2674\" data-end=\"2694\"><p data-start=\"2676\" data-end=\"2694\">CBGA (BGA g\u1ed1m)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2723\"><p data-start=\"2697\" data-end=\"2723\">CCBGA (BGA c\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2724\" data-end=\"2741\"><p data-start=\"2726\" data-end=\"2741\">TBGA (BGA d\u1ea1ng b\u0103ng)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2742\" data-end=\"2776\"><p data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2776\">CSP (G\u00f3i chip quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u03bcBGA)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"2778\" data-end=\"2839\">PBGA \u2014 M\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng nh\u1ef1a<\/h2><p data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"3156\">PBGA s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m composite nh\u1ef1a BT\/k\u00ednh l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n. V\u1ecf g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecbt k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a (h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fac epoxy). C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 63Sn37Pb, 62Sn36Pb2Ag) ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5). C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n v\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00eam h\u00e0n.<\/p><p data-start=\"3158\" data-end=\"3392\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u00f3i PBGA c\u00f3 khoang r\u1ed7ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u201ckhoang h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckhoang h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng\u201d. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i PBGA c\u00f3 khoang r\u1ed7ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 BGA t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, hay EBGA. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 CPBGA (Cavity Plastic BGA).<\/p><h3>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a PBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"3415\" data-end=\"3833\"><li data-start=\"3415\" data-end=\"3639\"><p data-start=\"3418\" data-end=\"3639\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi PCB. L\u1edbp composite nh\u1ef1a BT\/th\u1ee7y tinh trong PBGA c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (CTE) kho\u1ea3ng 14 ppm\/\u00b0C. Nhi\u1ec1u PCB c\u00f3 CTE kho\u1ea3ng 17 ppm\/\u00b0C. Hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 g\u1ea7n nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3640\" data-end=\"3788\"><p data-start=\"3643\" data-end=\"3788\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, PBGA t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n. L\u1ef1c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y gi\u00fap c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3801\"><p data-start=\"3792\" data-end=\"3801\">Gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3802\" data-end=\"3833\"><p data-start=\"3805\" data-end=\"3833\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a PBGA:<\/h3><ul data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3960\"><li data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3960\"><p data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3960\">D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ni\u00eam phong k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"3962\" data-end=\"4024\">CBGA \u2014 M\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng g\u1ed1m<\/h2><p data-start=\"4026\" data-end=\"4423\">CBGA l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng BGA. Ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. M\u1ed9t n\u1eafp kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n k\u00edn v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chip, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n cho g\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 10Sn90Pb trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n g\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 63Sn37Pb.<\/p><p data-start=\"4026\" data-end=\"4423\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3457\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/CBGA.webp\" alt=\"CBGA\" width=\"492\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/CBGA.webp 492w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/CBGA-300x165.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><\/p><h3>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a CBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4655\"><li data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4537\"><p data-start=\"4449\" data-end=\"4537\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edn kh\u00ed t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4580\"><p data-start=\"4541\" data-end=\"4580\">C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4581\" data-end=\"4617\"><p data-start=\"4584\" data-end=\"4617\">M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00f3i cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4618\" data-end=\"4655\"><p data-start=\"4621\" data-end=\"4655\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi PBGA.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a CBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"4681\" data-end=\"4894\"><li data-start=\"4681\" data-end=\"4805\"><p data-start=\"4684\" data-end=\"4805\">H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (CTE) c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m. M\u1ecfi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4806\" data-end=\"4831\"><p data-start=\"4809\" data-end=\"4831\">Chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4832\" data-end=\"4894\"><p data-start=\"4835\" data-end=\"4894\">Vi\u1ec7c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n g\u1ea7n m\u00e9p v\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"4896\" data-end=\"4951\">TBGA \u2014 M\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng b\u0103ng<\/h2><p data-start=\"4953\" data-end=\"5613\">TBGA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1ea1ng khoang. C\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i chip v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf trong TBGA: h\u00e0n chip l\u1eadt (flip-chip) v\u00e0 h\u00e0n d\u00e2y (wire bonding). Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n chip l\u1eadt, chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i b\u0103ng linh ho\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n \u1edf m\u1ea3ng ngo\u1ea1i vi, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i I\/O c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea3i b\u0103ng linh ho\u1ea1t. M\u1ed9t n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady d\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 gia c\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf linh ho\u1ea1t n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n. Chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong khoang r\u1ed7ng. C\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m chip v\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m b\u0103ng d\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y h\u00e0n. Ch\u1ea5t tr\u00e1m k\u00edn bao b\u1ecdc chip, d\u00e2y v\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m b\u0103ng d\u1ebbo (b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7).<\/p><h3>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a TBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"5636\" data-end=\"5919\"><li data-start=\"5636\" data-end=\"5713\"><p data-start=\"5639\" data-end=\"5713\">Mi\u1ebfng b\u0103ng d\u1ebbo trong g\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5714\" data-end=\"5837\"><p data-start=\"5717\" data-end=\"5837\">H\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n. L\u1ef1c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y gi\u00fap c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5838\" data-end=\"5881\"><p data-start=\"5841\" data-end=\"5881\">TBGA l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecf BGA ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5882\" data-end=\"5919\"><p data-start=\"5885\" data-end=\"5919\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi PBGA.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a TBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"5945\" data-end=\"6041\"><li data-start=\"5945\" data-end=\"5970\"><p data-start=\"5948\" data-end=\"5970\">D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5971\" data-end=\"6041\"><p data-start=\"5974\" data-end=\"6041\">C\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau trong g\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"6043\" data-end=\"6074\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i BGA kh\u00e1c<\/h2><p data-start=\"6076\" data-end=\"6104\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6106\" data-end=\"6378\"><li data-start=\"6106\" data-end=\"6144\"><p data-start=\"6108\" data-end=\"6144\">MCM-PBGA (M\u00f4-\u0111un nhi\u1ec1u chip PBGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6145\" data-end=\"6185\"><p data-start=\"6147\" data-end=\"6185\">\u03bcBGA (micro BGA), m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u1ee1 chip<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6186\" data-end=\"6218\"><p data-start=\"6188\" data-end=\"6218\">SBGA (M\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6219\" data-end=\"6301\"><p data-start=\"6221\" data-end=\"6301\">etBGA (BGA si\u00eau m\u1ecfng) v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao v\u1ecf kho\u1ea3ng 0,5 mm, g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a chip<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6302\" data-end=\"6378\"><p data-start=\"6304\" data-end=\"6378\">CTBGA, CVBGA (BGA m\u1ea3ng chip m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 si\u00eau m\u1ecfng) \u2014 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i BGA m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 si\u00eau m\u1ecfng<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"6380\" data-end=\"6411\">S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2><p data-start=\"6413\" data-end=\"6934\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa linh ki\u1ec7n SMD ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<br \/>Ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n g\u1eafn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (SMD). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f2i phun th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean SMD. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng xung quanh PCB. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh PCB, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc PCB.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"6936\" data-end=\"6957\">S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa BGA<\/h2><p data-start=\"6959\" data-end=\"7036\">Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa BGA, l\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HT996 l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p><ol data-start=\"7038\" data-end=\"7057\"><li data-start=\"7038\" data-end=\"7057\"><p data-start=\"7041\" data-end=\"7057\"><strong>Th\u00e1o BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7059\" data-end=\"7268\">D\u00f9ng m\u1ecf h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0n th\u1eeba tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y th\u00e1o h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecf h\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n.<\/p><p data-start=\"7270\" data-end=\"7316\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1eb7n ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n.<\/p><ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"7318\" data-end=\"7341\"><li data-start=\"7318\" data-end=\"7341\"><p data-start=\"7321\" data-end=\"7341\"><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc (trong n\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1nh)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7343\" data-end=\"7495\">C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n PBGA r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u00fat \u1ea9m hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u1ea9m, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"7497\" data-end=\"7521\"><li data-start=\"7497\" data-end=\"7521\"><p data-start=\"7500\" data-end=\"7521\"><strong>In m\u1ef1c h\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7523\" data-end=\"7911\">V\u00ec c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n in BGA nh\u1ecf chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n in v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 in ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng h\u00e0n. Sau khi in, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng in. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) v\u00e0 lau kh\u00f4, sau \u0111\u00f3 in l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CSP c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng h\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,4 mm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc in b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y b\u00f4i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB).<\/p><p data-start=\"7913\" data-end=\"8078\">\u0110\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) v\u00e0o l\u00f2 h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1o linh ki\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i. Khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u00fat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1o linh ki\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p><ol start=\"4\" data-start=\"8080\" data-end=\"8095\"><li data-start=\"8080\" data-end=\"8095\"><p data-start=\"8083\" data-end=\"8095\"><strong>V\u1ec7 sinh mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8097\" data-end=\"8233\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecf h\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u00e2y th\u00e1o h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u00e0n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in. H\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n.<\/p><ol start=\"5\" data-start=\"8235\" data-end=\"8257\"><li data-start=\"8235\" data-end=\"8257\"><p data-start=\"8238\" data-end=\"8257\"><strong>M\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8259\" data-end=\"8341\">V\u00ec PBGA r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, n\u00ean h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p><ol start=\"6\" data-start=\"8343\" data-end=\"8375\"><li data-start=\"8343\" data-end=\"8375\"><p data-start=\"8346\" data-end=\"8375\"><strong>In m\u1ef1c h\u00e0n (l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8377\" data-end=\"8668\">Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n in nh\u1ecf d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho BGA. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n in ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng. Sau khi in, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng in. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 lau kh\u00f4 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) r\u1ed3i in l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CSP c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,4 mm, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc in v\u00e0 b\u00f4i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p><ol start=\"7\" data-start=\"8670\" data-end=\"8688\"><li data-start=\"8670\" data-end=\"8688\"><p data-start=\"8673\" data-end=\"8688\"><strong>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8690\" data-end=\"8777\">N\u1ebfu BGA c\u00f2n m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ea9m, h\u00e3y s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p><p data-start=\"8690\" data-end=\"8777\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3459\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Placing-the-BGA.webp\" alt=\"Placing the BGA\" width=\"557\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Placing-the-BGA.webp 557w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Placing-the-BGA-300x269.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"8779\" data-end=\"8881\">Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n BGA \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1o ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t BGA:<\/p><p data-start=\"8883\" data-end=\"8941\">A. \u0110\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 keo h\u00e0n l\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p><p data-start=\"8943\" data-end=\"9136\">B. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00fat ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 b\u1eadt m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5c BGA l\u00ean, c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a BGA v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t BGA l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eaft m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p><ol start=\"8\" data-start=\"9138\" data-end=\"9157\"><li data-start=\"9138\" data-end=\"9157\"><p data-start=\"9141\" data-end=\"9157\"><strong>H\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"9159\" data-end=\"9313\">C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n BGA th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 15\u00b0C so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n SMD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p><ol start=\"9\" data-start=\"9315\" data-end=\"9328\"><li data-start=\"9315\" data-end=\"9328\"><p data-start=\"9318\" data-end=\"9328\"><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"9330\" data-end=\"9494\">Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n BGA th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb X-quang ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau \u00e2m. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p><p data-start=\"9496\" data-end=\"9774\">Gi\u1eef t\u1ea5m PCB \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a BGA. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecdt qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng, khe h\u1edf gi\u1eefa BGA v\u00e0 PCB c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n xung quanh c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh hay kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n c\u00f3 tan ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hay kh\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n.<\/p><p data-start=\"9496\" data-end=\"9774\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3454\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-Inspection.webp\" alt=\"BGA Inspection\" width=\"600\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-Inspection.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-Inspection-300x239.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"9776\" data-end=\"9860\">N\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p><p data-start=\"9862\" data-end=\"10005\">N\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung l\u1ea1i.<\/p><p data-start=\"10007\" data-end=\"10267\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 co l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. V\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 co l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng sau khi h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 1\/5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/3 chi\u1ec1u cao ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 co l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i.<\/p><p data-start=\"10269\" data-end=\"10370\">N\u1ebfu kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a BGA v\u00e0 PCB kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xung quanh g\u00f3i chip s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"10372\" data-end=\"10456\">Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i (g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n)<\/h2><ol data-start=\"10458\" data-end=\"10517\"><li data-start=\"10458\" data-end=\"10517\"><p data-start=\"10461\" data-end=\"10517\"><strong>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u00e0n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a BGA v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"10519\" data-end=\"10682\">D\u00f9ng m\u1ecf h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0n th\u1eeba tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y th\u00e1o h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecf h\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng. H\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n.<\/p><p data-start=\"10684\" data-end=\"10728\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1eb7n ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n.<\/p><p data-start=\"10684\" data-end=\"10728\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3461\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Remove-residual-solder-on-the-BGA-bottom-pads-and-clean.webp\" alt=\"Remove residual solder on the BGA bottom pads and clean\" width=\"435\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Remove-residual-solder-on-the-BGA-bottom-pads-and-clean.webp 435w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Remove-residual-solder-on-the-BGA-bottom-pads-and-clean-300x277.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\" \/><\/p><ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"10730\" data-end=\"10773\"><li data-start=\"10730\" data-end=\"10773\"><p data-start=\"10733\" data-end=\"10773\"><strong>In ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"11038\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt cao nh\u1edd t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb loang ra. \u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n thay cho ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n.<\/p><p data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"11038\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3460\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Print-flux.webp\" alt=\"Print flux\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Print-flux.webp 500w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Print-flux-300x225.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"11040\" data-end=\"11222\">Khi in, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n in BGA chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n in ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng. Sau khi in, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng in. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 in l\u1ea1i.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"11224\" data-end=\"11246\"><li data-start=\"11224\" data-end=\"11246\"><p data-start=\"11227\" data-end=\"11246\">Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c vi\u00ean h\u00e0n<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"11248\" data-end=\"11449\">Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t. H\u1ea1t h\u00e0n PBGA th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p kim 63Sn\/37Pb, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p kim v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p><p data-start=\"11451\" data-end=\"11634\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt cao, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chip. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chip.<\/p><ol start=\"4\" data-start=\"11636\" data-end=\"11654\"><li data-start=\"11636\" data-end=\"11654\"><p data-start=\"11639\" data-end=\"11654\"><strong>Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n g\u1eafn b\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"11656\" data-end=\"11698\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng:<\/p><p data-start=\"11700\" data-end=\"11722\"><strong>A) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y b\u1eafn b\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"11724\" data-end=\"12016\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i bi, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac BGA. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh bi t\u1eeb 0,05\u20130,1 mm. R\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00e1c vi\u00ean bi l\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu. L\u1eafc m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i bi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c vi\u00ean bi th\u1eeba l\u0103n v\u00e0o khay thu gom, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean bi trong m\u1ed7i l\u1ed7.<\/p><p data-start=\"12018\" data-end=\"12392\">\u0110\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n l\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00fat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5c mi\u1ebfng BGA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 keo h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n l\u00ean. C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 mi\u1ebfng BGA xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5m h\u00e0n tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n sao cho keo h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5m h\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. D\u00f9ng k\u1eb9p nh\u00edp gi\u1eef khung thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1eaft ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5m h\u00e0n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m h\u00e0n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng k\u1eb9p nh\u00edp b\u1ed5 sung n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p><p data-start=\"12394\" data-end=\"12412\"><strong>B) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1eabu<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"12414\" data-end=\"12919\">\u0110\u1eb7t BGA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c keo h\u00e0n l\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m BGA. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u00f3ng 0,05\u20130,1 mm. \u0110\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu l\u00ean c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m xung quanh c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn BGA b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u00f3ng. C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. R\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu. D\u00f9ng nh\u00edp lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i l\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng. Th\u00e1o khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/p><p data-start=\"12921\" data-end=\"12940\"><strong>C) \u0110\u1eb7t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"12942\" data-end=\"13080\">\u0110\u1eb7t BGA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c keo d\u00e1n l\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c b\u00fat g\u1eafp nh\u01b0 khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n SMD th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng h\u00e0n t\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t.<\/p><p data-start=\"12942\" data-end=\"13080\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3458\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manual-placement.webp\" alt=\"Manual placement\" width=\"600\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manual-placement.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manual-placement-300x195.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"13082\" data-end=\"13113\"><strong>D) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p in b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"13115\" data-end=\"13272\">L\u00e0m cho khu\u00f4n d\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. In keo h\u00e0n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac BGA. L\u1ef1c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt h\u00e0n sau khi nung l\u1ea1i.<\/p><ol start=\"5\" data-start=\"13274\" data-end=\"13283\"><li data-start=\"13274\" data-end=\"13283\"><p data-start=\"13277\" data-end=\"13283\"><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"13285\" data-end=\"13330\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p><ol start=\"6\" data-start=\"13332\" data-end=\"13368\"><li data-start=\"13332\" data-end=\"13368\"><p data-start=\"13335\" data-end=\"13368\"><strong>V\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau khi h\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"13370\" data-end=\"13554\">Sau khi h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb BGA. Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00e0n b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb h\u00fat \u1ea9m.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"13556\" data-end=\"13587\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"13589\" data-end=\"13894\">V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, m\u00e1y radio c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a CD cho \u0111\u1ebfn tivi \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9t cao \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/p><p data-start=\"13896\" data-end=\"14376\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (SMT) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1eb9, m\u1ecfng, nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMT ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng, thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. BGA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p BGA v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Preface Research on BGA technology began in the 1960s. IBM in the United States used it first. But BGA only [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1919,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"2ca6a79\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"flex_direction\":\"column\",\"width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":66.389},\"_flex_size\":\"none\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"735a0b1\"}],\"_element_width\":\"initial\"},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"48d66a2\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<h2 data-start=\\\"299\\\" data-end=\\\"314\\\">Preface<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"316\\\" data-end=\\\"452\\\">Research on BGA technology began in the 1960s. IBM in the United States used it first. But BGA only became practical in the early 1990s.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"316\\\" data-end=\\\"452\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3456\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/BGA_1.webp\\\" alt=\\\"BGA\\\" width=\\\"400\\\" height=\\\"419\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"454\\\" data-end=\\\"1182\\\">In the 1980s, people wanted smaller electronic circuits and more I\\\/O pins. <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/smt-assembly\\\/\\\">Surface Mount Technology (SMT)<\\\/a> gave circuit assembly the features of being light, thin, short and small. SMT also brought higher demands for pin pitch and coplanarity for parts with many leads. However, due to limits in machining accuracy, manufacturability, cost and assembly process, the pitch limit for QFP (Quad Flat Pack) parts was generally seen as 0.3 mm. This limit greatly restrained the development of high density assembly. Also, fine-pitch QFP parts needed strict assembly processes. That limited their use. For that reason, some US companies focused on developing and using BGA parts. They saw BGA as superior to QFP for high density needs.<\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"1184\\\" data-end=\\\"1209\\\">What is BGA?<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"1211\\\" data-end=\\\"1560\\\">BGA stands for Ball Grid Array. In this package, solder balls are made in a grid on the bottom of the package substrate. These balls act as the I\\\/O connections between the device and the printed circuit board (PCB). Parts packaged with this method are surface mount devices. Early CPUs used DIP packages, like some very basic microcontrollers today.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"1562\\\" data-end=\\\"2114\\\">Today, with the rapid growth of the electronics industry, computers and mobile phones are common. People want more functions and stronger performance from electronic products, but they also want smaller size and less weight. This drives products toward more functions, higher performance, and smaller size. To meet this goal, IC chips must get smaller and more complex. Then circuit I\\\/O counts rise and package I\\\/O density rises. To meet this trend, advanced high-density packaging technologies were created. BGA packaging is one of these technologies.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2116\\\" data-end=\\\"2525\\\">Among all IC package types, BGA saw the fastest growth between 1996 and 2001. In 1999, BGA output was about 1 billion units. To date, this technology is still mostly for high density, high performance devices. It continues to move to finer pitch and higher I\\\/O counts. BGA packaging is mainly used for PC chipsets, microprocessors\\\/controllers, ASICs, gate arrays, memory, DSPs, PDAs, PLDs and similar devices.<\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"2527\\\" data-end=\\\"2591\\\">Types of BGA by package material<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"2593\\\" data-end=\\\"2651\\\">Depending on package material, BGA devices mainly include:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"2653\\\" data-end=\\\"2776\\\"><li data-start=\\\"2653\\\" data-end=\\\"2673\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2655\\\" data-end=\\\"2673\\\">PBGA (Plastic BGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"2674\\\" data-end=\\\"2694\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2676\\\" data-end=\\\"2694\\\">CBGA (Ceramic BGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"2695\\\" data-end=\\\"2723\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2697\\\" data-end=\\\"2723\\\">CCBGA (Ceramic Column BGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"2724\\\" data-end=\\\"2741\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2726\\\" data-end=\\\"2741\\\">TBGA (Tape BGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"2742\\\" data-end=\\\"2776\\\"><p data-start=\\\"2744\\\" data-end=\\\"2776\\\">CSP (Chip Scale Package or \\u03bcBGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><h2 data-start=\\\"2778\\\" data-end=\\\"2839\\\">PBGA \\u2014 Plastic Ball Grid Array<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"2841\\\" data-end=\\\"3156\\\">PBGA uses BT resin \\\/ glass laminate as the substrate. The package is sealed with plastic (an epoxy molding compound). Solder balls can be leaded alloys (for example 63Sn37Pb, 62Sn36Pb2Ag) or lead-free alloys (for example Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5). The solder balls and the package body are joined without adding extra solder.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"3158\\\" data-end=\\\"3392\\\">Some PBGA packages have a cavity. They come in \\u201ccavity up\\u201d and \\u201ccavity down\\u201d versions. These cavity PBGA packages improve heat dissipation and are called thermally enhanced BGA, or EBGA. Some also call them CPBGA (Cavity Plastic BGA).<\\\/p><h3>Advantages of PBGA:<\\\/h3><ol data-start=\\\"3415\\\" data-end=\\\"3833\\\"><li data-start=\\\"3415\\\" data-end=\\\"3639\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3418\\\" data-end=\\\"3639\\\">Good thermal match with PCB. The BT resin\\\/glass laminate in PBGA has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of about 14 ppm\\\/\\u00b0C. Many PCBs have CTE around 17 ppm\\\/\\u00b0C. The two values are close. So thermal matching is good.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"3640\\\" data-end=\\\"3788\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3643\\\" data-end=\\\"3788\\\">During reflow soldering, PBGA uses the self-alignment effect of solder balls. The surface tension of molten solder helps align the balls to pads.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"3789\\\" data-end=\\\"3801\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3792\\\" data-end=\\\"3801\\\">Low cost.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"3802\\\" data-end=\\\"3833\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3805\\\" data-end=\\\"3833\\\">Good electrical performance.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h3>Disadvantage of PBGA:<\\\/h3><ul data-start=\\\"3858\\\" data-end=\\\"3960\\\"><li data-start=\\\"3858\\\" data-end=\\\"3960\\\"><p data-start=\\\"3860\\\" data-end=\\\"3960\\\">Sensitive to moisture. Not suitable for devices that need hermetic sealing or very high reliability.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><h2 data-start=\\\"3962\\\" data-end=\\\"4024\\\">CBGA \\u2014 Ceramic Ball Grid Array<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"4026\\\" data-end=\\\"4423\\\">CBGA has the longest history among BGA families. Its substrate is multilayer ceramic. A metal lid is sealed to the substrate with sealing solder to protect the die, wire bonds and pads. The solder ball material for the package is a high-temperature alloy labeled as 10Sn90Pb in the source text. The connection between the balls and the package body uses a lower-temperature alloy such as 63Sn37Pb.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4026\\\" data-end=\\\"4423\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3457\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/CBGA.webp\\\" alt=\\\"CBGA\\\" width=\\\"492\\\" height=\\\"271\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><h3>Advantages of CBGA:<\\\/h3><ol data-start=\\\"4446\\\" data-end=\\\"4655\\\"><li data-start=\\\"4446\\\" data-end=\\\"4537\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4449\\\" data-end=\\\"4537\\\">Good hermeticity and high resistance to moisture. That gives high long-term reliability.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4538\\\" data-end=\\\"4580\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4541\\\" data-end=\\\"4580\\\">Better electrical insulation than PBGA.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4581\\\" data-end=\\\"4617\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4584\\\" data-end=\\\"4617\\\">Higher package density than PBGA.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4618\\\" data-end=\\\"4655\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4621\\\" data-end=\\\"4655\\\">Better heat dissipation than PBGA.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h3>Disadvantages of CBGA:<\\\/h3><ol data-start=\\\"4681\\\" data-end=\\\"4894\\\"><li data-start=\\\"4681\\\" data-end=\\\"4805\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4684\\\" data-end=\\\"4805\\\">The CTE of ceramic substrate and PCB differ a lot. Thermal mismatch is poor. Solder joint fatigue is a main failure mode.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4806\\\" data-end=\\\"4831\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4809\\\" data-end=\\\"4831\\\">Higher cost than PBGA.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"4832\\\" data-end=\\\"4894\\\"><p data-start=\\\"4835\\\" data-end=\\\"4894\\\">Solder ball alignment near the package edge becomes harder.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h2 data-start=\\\"4896\\\" data-end=\\\"4951\\\">TBGA \\u2014 Tape Ball Grid Array<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"4953\\\" data-end=\\\"5613\\\">TBGA is a cavity package. There are two ways to connect the die to the substrate in TBGA: flip-chip solder bonding and wire bonding. In flip-chip, the die is bonded onto a multilayer wiring flexible tape. Peripheral array solder balls, which act as circuit I\\\/O terminals, are placed under the flexible tape. A thick sealing lid serves as both a heat sink and a reinforcement. This makes the solder balls under the flexible substrate more coplanar. The die is bonded to a copper heat spreader in the cavity. The die pads and flexible tape pads are connected by bonding wires. A sealant encapsulates the die, wires and flexible tape pads (by potting or coating).<\\\/p><h3>Advantages of TBGA:<\\\/h3><ol data-start=\\\"5636\\\" data-end=\\\"5919\\\"><li data-start=\\\"5636\\\" data-end=\\\"5713\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5639\\\" data-end=\\\"5713\\\">The flexible tape in the package better matches the PCB thermal expansion.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5714\\\" data-end=\\\"5837\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5717\\\" data-end=\\\"5837\\\">Reflow soldering can use the self-alignment effect of solder. Surface tension of molten balls helps align balls to pads.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5838\\\" data-end=\\\"5881\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5841\\\" data-end=\\\"5881\\\">TBGA is the most economical BGA package.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5882\\\" data-end=\\\"5919\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5885\\\" data-end=\\\"5919\\\">Better heat dissipation than PBGA.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h3>Disadvantages of TBGA:<\\\/h3><ol data-start=\\\"5945\\\" data-end=\\\"6041\\\"><li data-start=\\\"5945\\\" data-end=\\\"5970\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5948\\\" data-end=\\\"5970\\\">Sensitive to moisture.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"5971\\\" data-end=\\\"6041\\\"><p data-start=\\\"5974\\\" data-end=\\\"6041\\\">The multiple material layers in the package can reduce reliability.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><h2 data-start=\\\"6043\\\" data-end=\\\"6074\\\">Other BGA types<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"6076\\\" data-end=\\\"6104\\\">Other package forms include:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"6106\\\" data-end=\\\"6378\\\"><li data-start=\\\"6106\\\" data-end=\\\"6144\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6108\\\" data-end=\\\"6144\\\">MCM-PBGA (Multiple Chip Module PBGA)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6145\\\" data-end=\\\"6185\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6147\\\" data-end=\\\"6185\\\">\\u03bcBGA (micro BGA), a chip-scale package<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6186\\\" data-end=\\\"6218\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6188\\\" data-end=\\\"6218\\\">SBGA (Stacked Ball Grid Array)<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6219\\\" data-end=\\\"6301\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6221\\\" data-end=\\\"6301\\\">etBGA (extra thin BGA) where package height is about 0.5 mm, near chip thickness<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6302\\\" data-end=\\\"6378\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6304\\\" data-end=\\\"6378\\\">CTBGA, CVBGA (Thin and Very Thin Chip Array BGA) \\u2014 thin and very thin BGAs<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><h2 data-start=\\\"6380\\\" data-end=\\\"6411\\\">Standard rework<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"6413\\\" data-end=\\\"6934\\\">Principle of standard SMD rework systems:<br \\\/>They use hot air to concentrate heat on the pins and pads of surface mount devices (SMD). This melts solder joints or reflows solder paste so parts can be removed or soldered. Different vendors\\u2019 rework systems differ mainly by heat source and the hot air flow pattern. Some nozzles blow hot air above the SMD. From the device protection point of view, it is better to have airflow circulate around the PCB. To prevent PCB warpage, choose a rework system that can preheat the PCB.<\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"6936\\\" data-end=\\\"6957\\\">BGA Rework<\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"6959\\\" data-end=\\\"7036\\\">This section summarizes BGA rework steps using an HT996 system as an example.<\\\/p><ol data-start=\\\"7038\\\" data-end=\\\"7057\\\"><li data-start=\\\"7038\\\" data-end=\\\"7057\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7041\\\" data-end=\\\"7057\\\"><strong>Removing the BGA<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"7059\\\" data-end=\\\"7268\\\">Clean and level the leftover solder on the PCB pads with a soldering iron. Use desolder braid and a flat-blade soldering iron tip as needed. When cleaning, be careful not to damage the pads or the solder mask.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"7270\\\" data-end=\\\"7316\\\">Use a special cleaner to remove flux residues.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"2\\\" data-start=\\\"7318\\\" data-end=\\\"7341\\\"><li data-start=\\\"7318\\\" data-end=\\\"7341\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7321\\\" data-end=\\\"7341\\\"><strong>Dehydration (baking)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"7343\\\" data-end=\\\"7495\\\">PBGA parts are sensitive to moisture. Before assembly, check if the part has absorbed moisture. If it is damp, perform a baking step to remove moisture.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"3\\\" data-start=\\\"7497\\\" data-end=\\\"7521\\\"><li data-start=\\\"7497\\\" data-end=\\\"7521\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7500\\\" data-end=\\\"7521\\\"><strong>Solder paste printing<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"7523\\\" data-end=\\\"7911\\\">Because other components are already on the board, use a special small BGA stencil. The stencil thickness and aperture size depend on ball diameter and pitch. After printing, inspect the print quality. If it is not good, clean the PCB and dry it, then reprint. For CSP with pitch below 0.4 mm, solder paste printing may be skipped. In that case, apply flux paste directly on the PCB pads.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"7913\\\" data-end=\\\"8078\\\">Place the PCB in the reflow oven to remove the part. Run the reflow program. At the peak temperature, use a vacuum pick-up to remove the component. Let the PCB cool.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"4\\\" data-start=\\\"8080\\\" data-end=\\\"8095\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8080\\\" data-end=\\\"8095\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8083\\\" data-end=\\\"8095\\\"><strong>Pad cleaning<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"8097\\\" data-end=\\\"8233\\\">Use a soldering iron and desolder braid to clean and level solder residues on the PCB pads. Take care not to damage pads or solder mask.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"5\\\" data-start=\\\"8235\\\" data-end=\\\"8257\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8235\\\" data-end=\\\"8257\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8238\\\" data-end=\\\"8257\\\"><strong>Dehydration (again)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"8259\\\" data-end=\\\"8341\\\">Because PBGA is moisture sensitive, check and bake any damp parts before assembly.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"6\\\" data-start=\\\"8343\\\" data-end=\\\"8375\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8343\\\" data-end=\\\"8375\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8346\\\" data-end=\\\"8375\\\"><strong>Solder paste printing (again)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"8377\\\" data-end=\\\"8668\\\">As before, use a small BGA-specific stencil. The stencil thickness and aperture must match ball size and pitch. After printing, check print quality. If not acceptable, clean and dry the PCB and reprint. For CSP with pitch under 0.4 mm, you may skip printing and apply flux paste on the pads.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"7\\\" data-start=\\\"8670\\\" data-end=\\\"8688\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8670\\\" data-end=\\\"8688\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8673\\\" data-end=\\\"8688\\\"><strong>Placing the BGA<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"8690\\\" data-end=\\\"8777\\\">If the BGA is new, check its moisture content. If it is damp, bake it before placement.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8690\\\" data-end=\\\"8777\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3459\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Placing-the-BGA.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Placing the BGA\\\" width=\\\"557\\\" height=\\\"500\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8779\\\" data-end=\\\"8881\\\">Generally, removed BGA parts can be reused. But they must be re-balled first. Steps for placing a BGA:<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8883\\\" data-end=\\\"8941\\\">A. Put the PCB with printed solder paste on the workbench.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8943\\\" data-end=\\\"9136\\\">B. Choose a proper nozzle and turn on the vacuum pump. Pick the BGA with the nozzle, align the BGA bottom with the PCB pads, lower the nozzle and place the BGA on the PCB, then turn off vacuum.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"8\\\" data-start=\\\"9138\\\" data-end=\\\"9157\\\"><li data-start=\\\"9138\\\" data-end=\\\"9157\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9141\\\" data-end=\\\"9157\\\"><strong>Reflow soldering<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"9159\\\" data-end=\\\"9313\\\">Set the reflow profile according to device size and PCB thickness. BGA reflow temperatures are generally about 15\\u00b0C higher than for traditional SMD parts.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"9\\\" data-start=\\\"9315\\\" data-end=\\\"9328\\\"><li data-start=\\\"9315\\\" data-end=\\\"9328\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9318\\\" data-end=\\\"9328\\\"><strong>Inspection<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"9330\\\" data-end=\\\"9494\\\">BGA solder joint quality is usually inspected with X-ray or ultrasonic equipment. If you do not have those tools, use functional tests or experienced visual checks.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"9496\\\" data-end=\\\"9774\\\">Hold the finished PCB up to a light and check the BGA edges. Look at whether light passes through, whether the gap between the BGA and PCB is even around the sides, whether the solder paste fully melted, whether the solder ball shape is regular, and the amount of ball collapse.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"9496\\\" data-end=\\\"9774\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3454\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/BGA-Inspection.webp\\\" alt=\\\"BGA Inspection\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"478\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"9776\\\" data-end=\\\"9860\\\">If the joint is not translucent, there may be bridging or solder balls between pads.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"9862\\\" data-end=\\\"10005\\\">If ball shape is irregular or skewed, the temperature may be too low. Incomplete soldering can prevent the self-alignment effect during reflow.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"10007\\\" data-end=\\\"10267\\\">Ball collapse level depends on reflow temperature, amount of paste, and pad size. With correct pad design, normal collapse after reflow is about 1\\\/5 to 1\\\/3 of the pre-reflow ball height. If collapse is too large, temperature is too high and bridging can occur.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"10269\\\" data-end=\\\"10370\\\">If the gap between BGA edges and PCB is not uniform, the temperature around the package was not even.<\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"10372\\\" data-end=\\\"10456\\\">Reballing (solder ball attachment) process<\\\/h2><ol data-start=\\\"10458\\\" data-end=\\\"10517\\\"><li data-start=\\\"10458\\\" data-end=\\\"10517\\\"><p data-start=\\\"10461\\\" data-end=\\\"10517\\\"><strong>Remove residual solder on the BGA bottom pads and clean.<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"10519\\\" data-end=\\\"10682\\\">Use a soldering iron to remove leftover solder on the PCB pads. Use desolder braid and a flat soldering iron tip. Be careful not to damage pads or the solder mask.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"10684\\\" data-end=\\\"10728\\\">Use special cleaner to remove flux residues.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"10684\\\" data-end=\\\"10728\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3461\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Remove-residual-solder-on-the-BGA-bottom-pads-and-clean.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Remove residual solder on the BGA bottom pads and clean\\\" width=\\\"435\\\" height=\\\"401\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><ol start=\\\"2\\\" data-start=\\\"10730\\\" data-end=\\\"10773\\\"><li data-start=\\\"10730\\\" data-end=\\\"10773\\\"><p data-start=\\\"10733\\\" data-end=\\\"10773\\\"><strong>Print flux on the bottom pads of the BGA<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"10775\\\" data-end=\\\"11038\\\">Often use high-viscosity flux for its stick and solder-aid properties. Ensure printed flux patterns are clear and do not spread. Sometimes solder paste is used instead of flux. If paste is used, the metal composition in the paste must match the solder ball metal.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"10775\\\" data-end=\\\"11038\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3460\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Print-flux.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Print flux\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"375\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"11040\\\" data-end=\\\"11222\\\">For printing, use a small special BGA stencil. Stencil thickness and aperture must match ball diameter and pitch. After printing, check print quality. If not good, clean and reprint.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"3\\\" data-start=\\\"11224\\\" data-end=\\\"11246\\\"><li data-start=\\\"11224\\\" data-end=\\\"11246\\\"><p data-start=\\\"11227\\\" data-end=\\\"11246\\\">Choose solder balls<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"11248\\\" data-end=\\\"11449\\\">When choosing solder balls, consider ball material and diameter. PBGA solder balls normally use 63Sn\\\/37Pb, the same alloy used in reflow solder. So choose balls with the same alloy as the device balls.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"11451\\\" data-end=\\\"11634\\\">Ball size choice matters. If you use high-viscosity flux, choose balls the same diameter as the device balls. If you use solder paste, choose balls slightly smaller than device balls.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"4\\\" data-start=\\\"11636\\\" data-end=\\\"11654\\\"><li data-start=\\\"11636\\\" data-end=\\\"11654\\\"><p data-start=\\\"11639\\\" data-end=\\\"11654\\\"><strong>Ball attachment<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"11656\\\" data-end=\\\"11698\\\">There are several methods to attach balls:<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"11700\\\" data-end=\\\"11722\\\"><strong>A) Ball machine method<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"11724\\\" data-end=\\\"12016\\\">If you have a ball machine, choose a template that matches the BGA pad layout. Template aperture should be 0.05\\u20130.1 mm larger than ball diameter. Evenly sprinkle balls on the template. Shake the ball machine so extra balls roll into the collection tray, leaving exactly one ball in each hole.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12018\\\" data-end=\\\"12392\\\">Place the template on the workbench. Pick up the printed flux or paste-coated BGA with a vacuum nozzle. Align and lower the BGA onto the balls in the template so that the paste or flux holds balls on the device pads. Use tweezers to hold the device frame and turn off vacuum. Place the device ball-side-up on the bench. Check for missing balls and add by tweezers if needed.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12394\\\" data-end=\\\"12412\\\"><strong>B) Template method<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12414\\\" data-end=\\\"12919\\\">Place the flux or paste-coated BGA on the bench, flux facing up. Prepare a template that matches the BGA pad layout. Template aperture should be 0.05\\u20130.1 mm larger than ball diameter. Support the template around the edges on shims so the distance to the BGA is equal to or slightly less than the ball diameter. Align under a microscope. Sprinkle balls evenly on the template. Remove extra balls with tweezers so one ball remains in each hole. Remove the template and check, replenishing any missing balls.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12921\\\" data-end=\\\"12940\\\"><strong>C) Manual placement<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12942\\\" data-end=\\\"13080\\\">Place the flux or paste-coated BGA on the bench. Use tweezers or a pick-up pen like with ordinary SMD placement to place balls one by one.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"12942\\\" data-end=\\\"13080\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3458\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Manual-placement.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Manual placement\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"389\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"13082\\\" data-end=\\\"13113\\\"><strong>D) Solder paste printing method<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"13115\\\" data-end=\\\"13272\\\">Make the stencil thicker and slightly enlarge the aperture. Print solder paste directly on the BGA pads. Surface tension will form solder balls after reflow.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"5\\\" data-start=\\\"13274\\\" data-end=\\\"13283\\\"><li data-start=\\\"13274\\\" data-end=\\\"13283\\\"><p data-start=\\\"13277\\\" data-end=\\\"13283\\\"><strong>Reflow<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"13285\\\" data-end=\\\"13330\\\">Run reflow to fix solder balls to the device.<\\\/p><ol start=\\\"6\\\" data-start=\\\"13332\\\" data-end=\\\"13368\\\"><li data-start=\\\"13332\\\" data-end=\\\"13368\\\"><p data-start=\\\"13335\\\" data-end=\\\"13368\\\"><strong>Post-solder cleaning and handling<\\\/strong><\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"13370\\\" data-end=\\\"13554\\\">After reballing, clean the BGA device thoroughly. Then assemble and solder it as soon as possible. This prevents the solder balls from oxidizing and the device from absorbing moisture.<\\\/p><h2 data-start=\\\"13556\\\" data-end=\\\"13587\\\"><strong>Summary<\\\/strong><\\\/h2><p data-start=\\\"13589\\\" data-end=\\\"13894\\\">With continuous advances in technology, modern life is closely tied to electronics. Tiny mobile phones, small radios, portable computers, memory, hard drives, CD drives and high-definition TVs all demand miniaturization and light weight. To reach this, we must work on production processes and components.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"13896\\\" data-end=\\\"14376\\\">SMT (Surface Mount Technology) matched this trend and laid the foundation for light, thin, short, and small electronic products. Since SMT matured in the 1990s, electronic product trends toward portability, miniaturization, networking and multimedia pushed assembly technology further. New high-density assembly methods emerged. BGA is one high-density assembly method that has reached practical use. This article introduced BGA assembly features and solder joint quality control.<\\\/p>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"c98ebbe\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false}]"],"_elementor_conditions":["a:0:{}"],"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":["index"],"rank_math_robots":["a:1:{i:0;s:5:\"index\";}"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_seo_score":["24"],"rank_math_og_content_image":["a:2:{s:5:\"check\";s:32:\"de92bb035b86c51866965717f298069f\";s:6:\"images\";a:1:{i:0;i:3456;}}"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:30185:\".uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media (max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) 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class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ca6a79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"2ca6a79\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"48d66a2","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<h2 data-start=\"299\" data-end=\"314\">Preface<\/h2><p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"452\">Research on BGA technology began in the 1960s. IBM in the United States used it first. But BGA only became practical in the early 1990s.<\/p><p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"452\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3456\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA_1.webp\" alt=\"BGA\" width=\"400\" height=\"419\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"1182\">In the 1980s, people wanted smaller electronic circuits and more I\/O pins. <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/smt-assembly\/\">Surface Mount Technology (SMT)<\/a> gave circuit assembly the features of being light, thin, short and small. SMT also brought higher demands for pin pitch and coplanarity for parts with many leads. However, due to limits in machining accuracy, manufacturability, cost and assembly process, the pitch limit for QFP (Quad Flat Pack) parts was generally seen as 0.3 mm. This limit greatly restrained the development of high density assembly. Also, fine-pitch QFP parts needed strict assembly processes. That limited their use. For that reason, some US companies focused on developing and using BGA parts. They saw BGA as superior to QFP for high density needs.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"1184\" data-end=\"1209\">What is BGA?<\/h2><p data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1560\">BGA stands for Ball Grid Array. In this package, solder balls are made in a grid on the bottom of the package substrate. These balls act as the I\/O connections between the device and the printed circuit board (PCB). Parts packaged with this method are surface mount devices. Early CPUs used DIP packages, like some very basic microcontrollers today.<\/p><p data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"2114\">Today, with the rapid growth of the electronics industry, computers and mobile phones are common. People want more functions and stronger performance from electronic products, but they also want smaller size and less weight. This drives products toward more functions, higher performance, and smaller size. To meet this goal, IC chips must get smaller and more complex. Then circuit I\/O counts rise and package I\/O density rises. To meet this trend, advanced high-density packaging technologies were created. BGA packaging is one of these technologies.<\/p><p data-start=\"2116\" data-end=\"2525\">Among all IC package types, BGA saw the fastest growth between 1996 and 2001. In 1999, BGA output was about 1 billion units. To date, this technology is still mostly for high density, high performance devices. It continues to move to finer pitch and higher I\/O counts. BGA packaging is mainly used for PC chipsets, microprocessors\/controllers, ASICs, gate arrays, memory, DSPs, PDAs, PLDs and similar devices.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"2527\" data-end=\"2591\">Types of BGA by package material<\/h2><p data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2651\">Depending on package material, BGA devices mainly include:<\/p><ul data-start=\"2653\" data-end=\"2776\"><li data-start=\"2653\" data-end=\"2673\"><p data-start=\"2655\" data-end=\"2673\">PBGA (Plastic BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2674\" data-end=\"2694\"><p data-start=\"2676\" data-end=\"2694\">CBGA (Ceramic BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2723\"><p data-start=\"2697\" data-end=\"2723\">CCBGA (Ceramic Column BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2724\" data-end=\"2741\"><p data-start=\"2726\" data-end=\"2741\">TBGA (Tape BGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2742\" data-end=\"2776\"><p data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2776\">CSP (Chip Scale Package or \u03bcBGA)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"2778\" data-end=\"2839\">PBGA \u2014 Plastic Ball Grid Array<\/h2><p data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"3156\">PBGA uses BT resin \/ glass laminate as the substrate. The package is sealed with plastic (an epoxy molding compound). Solder balls can be leaded alloys (for example 63Sn37Pb, 62Sn36Pb2Ag) or lead-free alloys (for example Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5). The solder balls and the package body are joined without adding extra solder.<\/p><p data-start=\"3158\" data-end=\"3392\">Some PBGA packages have a cavity. They come in \u201ccavity up\u201d and \u201ccavity down\u201d versions. These cavity PBGA packages improve heat dissipation and are called thermally enhanced BGA, or EBGA. Some also call them CPBGA (Cavity Plastic BGA).<\/p><h3>Advantages of PBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"3415\" data-end=\"3833\"><li data-start=\"3415\" data-end=\"3639\"><p data-start=\"3418\" data-end=\"3639\">Good thermal match with PCB. The BT resin\/glass laminate in PBGA has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of about 14 ppm\/\u00b0C. Many PCBs have CTE around 17 ppm\/\u00b0C. The two values are close. So thermal matching is good.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3640\" data-end=\"3788\"><p data-start=\"3643\" data-end=\"3788\">During reflow soldering, PBGA uses the self-alignment effect of solder balls. The surface tension of molten solder helps align the balls to pads.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3801\"><p data-start=\"3792\" data-end=\"3801\">Low cost.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3802\" data-end=\"3833\"><p data-start=\"3805\" data-end=\"3833\">Good electrical performance.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Disadvantage of PBGA:<\/h3><ul data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3960\"><li data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3960\"><p data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3960\">Sensitive to moisture. Not suitable for devices that need hermetic sealing or very high reliability.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"3962\" data-end=\"4024\">CBGA \u2014 Ceramic Ball Grid Array<\/h2><p data-start=\"4026\" data-end=\"4423\">CBGA has the longest history among BGA families. Its substrate is multilayer ceramic. A metal lid is sealed to the substrate with sealing solder to protect the die, wire bonds and pads. The solder ball material for the package is a high-temperature alloy labeled as 10Sn90Pb in the source text. The connection between the balls and the package body uses a lower-temperature alloy such as 63Sn37Pb.<\/p><p data-start=\"4026\" data-end=\"4423\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3457\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/CBGA.webp\" alt=\"CBGA\" width=\"492\" height=\"271\" \/><\/p><h3>Advantages of CBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4655\"><li data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4537\"><p data-start=\"4449\" data-end=\"4537\">Good hermeticity and high resistance to moisture. That gives high long-term reliability.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4580\"><p data-start=\"4541\" data-end=\"4580\">Better electrical insulation than PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4581\" data-end=\"4617\"><p data-start=\"4584\" data-end=\"4617\">Higher package density than PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4618\" data-end=\"4655\"><p data-start=\"4621\" data-end=\"4655\">Better heat dissipation than PBGA.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Disadvantages of CBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"4681\" data-end=\"4894\"><li data-start=\"4681\" data-end=\"4805\"><p data-start=\"4684\" data-end=\"4805\">The CTE of ceramic substrate and PCB differ a lot. Thermal mismatch is poor. Solder joint fatigue is a main failure mode.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4806\" data-end=\"4831\"><p data-start=\"4809\" data-end=\"4831\">Higher cost than PBGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4832\" data-end=\"4894\"><p data-start=\"4835\" data-end=\"4894\">Solder ball alignment near the package edge becomes harder.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"4896\" data-end=\"4951\">TBGA \u2014 Tape Ball Grid Array<\/h2><p data-start=\"4953\" data-end=\"5613\">TBGA is a cavity package. There are two ways to connect the die to the substrate in TBGA: flip-chip solder bonding and wire bonding. In flip-chip, the die is bonded onto a multilayer wiring flexible tape. Peripheral array solder balls, which act as circuit I\/O terminals, are placed under the flexible tape. A thick sealing lid serves as both a heat sink and a reinforcement. This makes the solder balls under the flexible substrate more coplanar. The die is bonded to a copper heat spreader in the cavity. The die pads and flexible tape pads are connected by bonding wires. A sealant encapsulates the die, wires and flexible tape pads (by potting or coating).<\/p><h3>Advantages of TBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"5636\" data-end=\"5919\"><li data-start=\"5636\" data-end=\"5713\"><p data-start=\"5639\" data-end=\"5713\">The flexible tape in the package better matches the PCB thermal expansion.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5714\" data-end=\"5837\"><p data-start=\"5717\" data-end=\"5837\">Reflow soldering can use the self-alignment effect of solder. Surface tension of molten balls helps align balls to pads.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5838\" data-end=\"5881\"><p data-start=\"5841\" data-end=\"5881\">TBGA is the most economical BGA package.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5882\" data-end=\"5919\"><p data-start=\"5885\" data-end=\"5919\">Better heat dissipation than PBGA.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>Disadvantages of TBGA:<\/h3><ol data-start=\"5945\" data-end=\"6041\"><li data-start=\"5945\" data-end=\"5970\"><p data-start=\"5948\" data-end=\"5970\">Sensitive to moisture.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5971\" data-end=\"6041\"><p data-start=\"5974\" data-end=\"6041\">The multiple material layers in the package can reduce reliability.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"6043\" data-end=\"6074\">Other BGA types<\/h2><p data-start=\"6076\" data-end=\"6104\">Other package forms include:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6106\" data-end=\"6378\"><li data-start=\"6106\" data-end=\"6144\"><p data-start=\"6108\" data-end=\"6144\">MCM-PBGA (Multiple Chip Module PBGA)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6145\" data-end=\"6185\"><p data-start=\"6147\" data-end=\"6185\">\u03bcBGA (micro BGA), a chip-scale package<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6186\" data-end=\"6218\"><p data-start=\"6188\" data-end=\"6218\">SBGA (Stacked Ball Grid Array)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6219\" data-end=\"6301\"><p data-start=\"6221\" data-end=\"6301\">etBGA (extra thin BGA) where package height is about 0.5 mm, near chip thickness<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6302\" data-end=\"6378\"><p data-start=\"6304\" data-end=\"6378\">CTBGA, CVBGA (Thin and Very Thin Chip Array BGA) \u2014 thin and very thin BGAs<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"6380\" data-end=\"6411\">Standard rework<\/h2><p data-start=\"6413\" data-end=\"6934\">Principle of standard SMD rework systems:<br \/>They use hot air to concentrate heat on the pins and pads of surface mount devices (SMD). This melts solder joints or reflows solder paste so parts can be removed or soldered. Different vendors\u2019 rework systems differ mainly by heat source and the hot air flow pattern. Some nozzles blow hot air above the SMD. From the device protection point of view, it is better to have airflow circulate around the PCB. To prevent PCB warpage, choose a rework system that can preheat the PCB.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"6936\" data-end=\"6957\">BGA Rework<\/h2><p data-start=\"6959\" data-end=\"7036\">This section summarizes BGA rework steps using an HT996 system as an example.<\/p><ol data-start=\"7038\" data-end=\"7057\"><li data-start=\"7038\" data-end=\"7057\"><p data-start=\"7041\" data-end=\"7057\"><strong>Removing the BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7059\" data-end=\"7268\">Clean and level the leftover solder on the PCB pads with a soldering iron. Use desolder braid and a flat-blade soldering iron tip as needed. When cleaning, be careful not to damage the pads or the solder mask.<\/p><p data-start=\"7270\" data-end=\"7316\">Use a special cleaner to remove flux residues.<\/p><ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"7318\" data-end=\"7341\"><li data-start=\"7318\" data-end=\"7341\"><p data-start=\"7321\" data-end=\"7341\"><strong>Dehydration (baking)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7343\" data-end=\"7495\">PBGA parts are sensitive to moisture. Before assembly, check if the part has absorbed moisture. If it is damp, perform a baking step to remove moisture.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"7497\" data-end=\"7521\"><li data-start=\"7497\" data-end=\"7521\"><p data-start=\"7500\" data-end=\"7521\"><strong>Solder paste printing<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7523\" data-end=\"7911\">Because other components are already on the board, use a special small BGA stencil. The stencil thickness and aperture size depend on ball diameter and pitch. After printing, inspect the print quality. If it is not good, clean the PCB and dry it, then reprint. For CSP with pitch below 0.4 mm, solder paste printing may be skipped. In that case, apply flux paste directly on the PCB pads.<\/p><p data-start=\"7913\" data-end=\"8078\">Place the PCB in the reflow oven to remove the part. Run the reflow program. At the peak temperature, use a vacuum pick-up to remove the component. Let the PCB cool.<\/p><ol start=\"4\" data-start=\"8080\" data-end=\"8095\"><li data-start=\"8080\" data-end=\"8095\"><p data-start=\"8083\" data-end=\"8095\"><strong>Pad cleaning<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8097\" data-end=\"8233\">Use a soldering iron and desolder braid to clean and level solder residues on the PCB pads. Take care not to damage pads or solder mask.<\/p><ol start=\"5\" data-start=\"8235\" data-end=\"8257\"><li data-start=\"8235\" data-end=\"8257\"><p data-start=\"8238\" data-end=\"8257\"><strong>Dehydration (again)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8259\" data-end=\"8341\">Because PBGA is moisture sensitive, check and bake any damp parts before assembly.<\/p><ol start=\"6\" data-start=\"8343\" data-end=\"8375\"><li data-start=\"8343\" data-end=\"8375\"><p data-start=\"8346\" data-end=\"8375\"><strong>Solder paste printing (again)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8377\" data-end=\"8668\">As before, use a small BGA-specific stencil. The stencil thickness and aperture must match ball size and pitch. After printing, check print quality. If not acceptable, clean and dry the PCB and reprint. For CSP with pitch under 0.4 mm, you may skip printing and apply flux paste on the pads.<\/p><ol start=\"7\" data-start=\"8670\" data-end=\"8688\"><li data-start=\"8670\" data-end=\"8688\"><p data-start=\"8673\" data-end=\"8688\"><strong>Placing the BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"8690\" data-end=\"8777\">If the BGA is new, check its moisture content. If it is damp, bake it before placement.<\/p><p data-start=\"8690\" data-end=\"8777\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3459\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Placing-the-BGA.webp\" alt=\"Placing the BGA\" width=\"557\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"8779\" data-end=\"8881\">Generally, removed BGA parts can be reused. But they must be re-balled first. Steps for placing a BGA:<\/p><p data-start=\"8883\" data-end=\"8941\">A. Put the PCB with printed solder paste on the workbench.<\/p><p data-start=\"8943\" data-end=\"9136\">B. Choose a proper nozzle and turn on the vacuum pump. Pick the BGA with the nozzle, align the BGA bottom with the PCB pads, lower the nozzle and place the BGA on the PCB, then turn off vacuum.<\/p><ol start=\"8\" data-start=\"9138\" data-end=\"9157\"><li data-start=\"9138\" data-end=\"9157\"><p data-start=\"9141\" data-end=\"9157\"><strong>Reflow soldering<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"9159\" data-end=\"9313\">Set the reflow profile according to device size and PCB thickness. BGA reflow temperatures are generally about 15\u00b0C higher than for traditional SMD parts.<\/p><ol start=\"9\" data-start=\"9315\" data-end=\"9328\"><li data-start=\"9315\" data-end=\"9328\"><p data-start=\"9318\" data-end=\"9328\"><strong>Inspection<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"9330\" data-end=\"9494\">BGA solder joint quality is usually inspected with X-ray or ultrasonic equipment. If you do not have those tools, use functional tests or experienced visual checks.<\/p><p data-start=\"9496\" data-end=\"9774\">Hold the finished PCB up to a light and check the BGA edges. Look at whether light passes through, whether the gap between the BGA and PCB is even around the sides, whether the solder paste fully melted, whether the solder ball shape is regular, and the amount of ball collapse.<\/p><p data-start=\"9496\" data-end=\"9774\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3454\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-Inspection.webp\" alt=\"BGA Inspection\" width=\"600\" height=\"478\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"9776\" data-end=\"9860\">If the joint is not translucent, there may be bridging or solder balls between pads.<\/p><p data-start=\"9862\" data-end=\"10005\">If ball shape is irregular or skewed, the temperature may be too low. Incomplete soldering can prevent the self-alignment effect during reflow.<\/p><p data-start=\"10007\" data-end=\"10267\">Ball collapse level depends on reflow temperature, amount of paste, and pad size. With correct pad design, normal collapse after reflow is about 1\/5 to 1\/3 of the pre-reflow ball height. If collapse is too large, temperature is too high and bridging can occur.<\/p><p data-start=\"10269\" data-end=\"10370\">If the gap between BGA edges and PCB is not uniform, the temperature around the package was not even.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"10372\" data-end=\"10456\">Reballing (solder ball attachment) process<\/h2><ol data-start=\"10458\" data-end=\"10517\"><li data-start=\"10458\" data-end=\"10517\"><p data-start=\"10461\" data-end=\"10517\"><strong>Remove residual solder on the BGA bottom pads and clean.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"10519\" data-end=\"10682\">Use a soldering iron to remove leftover solder on the PCB pads. Use desolder braid and a flat soldering iron tip. Be careful not to damage pads or the solder mask.<\/p><p data-start=\"10684\" data-end=\"10728\">Use special cleaner to remove flux residues.<\/p><p data-start=\"10684\" data-end=\"10728\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3461\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Remove-residual-solder-on-the-BGA-bottom-pads-and-clean.webp\" alt=\"Remove residual solder on the BGA bottom pads and clean\" width=\"435\" height=\"401\" \/><\/p><ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"10730\" data-end=\"10773\"><li data-start=\"10730\" data-end=\"10773\"><p data-start=\"10733\" data-end=\"10773\"><strong>Print flux on the bottom pads of the BGA<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"11038\">Often use high-viscosity flux for its stick and solder-aid properties. Ensure printed flux patterns are clear and do not spread. Sometimes solder paste is used instead of flux. If paste is used, the metal composition in the paste must match the solder ball metal.<\/p><p data-start=\"10775\" data-end=\"11038\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3460\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Print-flux.webp\" alt=\"Print flux\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"11040\" data-end=\"11222\">For printing, use a small special BGA stencil. Stencil thickness and aperture must match ball diameter and pitch. After printing, check print quality. If not good, clean and reprint.<\/p><ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"11224\" data-end=\"11246\"><li data-start=\"11224\" data-end=\"11246\"><p data-start=\"11227\" data-end=\"11246\">Choose solder balls<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"11248\" data-end=\"11449\">When choosing solder balls, consider ball material and diameter. PBGA solder balls normally use 63Sn\/37Pb, the same alloy used in reflow solder. So choose balls with the same alloy as the device balls.<\/p><p data-start=\"11451\" data-end=\"11634\">Ball size choice matters. If you use high-viscosity flux, choose balls the same diameter as the device balls. If you use solder paste, choose balls slightly smaller than device balls.<\/p><ol start=\"4\" data-start=\"11636\" data-end=\"11654\"><li data-start=\"11636\" data-end=\"11654\"><p data-start=\"11639\" data-end=\"11654\"><strong>Ball attachment<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"11656\" data-end=\"11698\">There are several methods to attach balls:<\/p><p data-start=\"11700\" data-end=\"11722\"><strong>A) Ball machine method<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"11724\" data-end=\"12016\">If you have a ball machine, choose a template that matches the BGA pad layout. Template aperture should be 0.05\u20130.1 mm larger than ball diameter. Evenly sprinkle balls on the template. Shake the ball machine so extra balls roll into the collection tray, leaving exactly one ball in each hole.<\/p><p data-start=\"12018\" data-end=\"12392\">Place the template on the workbench. Pick up the printed flux or paste-coated BGA with a vacuum nozzle. Align and lower the BGA onto the balls in the template so that the paste or flux holds balls on the device pads. Use tweezers to hold the device frame and turn off vacuum. Place the device ball-side-up on the bench. Check for missing balls and add by tweezers if needed.<\/p><p data-start=\"12394\" data-end=\"12412\"><strong>B) Template method<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"12414\" data-end=\"12919\">Place the flux or paste-coated BGA on the bench, flux facing up. Prepare a template that matches the BGA pad layout. Template aperture should be 0.05\u20130.1 mm larger than ball diameter. Support the template around the edges on shims so the distance to the BGA is equal to or slightly less than the ball diameter. Align under a microscope. Sprinkle balls evenly on the template. Remove extra balls with tweezers so one ball remains in each hole. Remove the template and check, replenishing any missing balls.<\/p><p data-start=\"12921\" data-end=\"12940\"><strong>C) Manual placement<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"12942\" data-end=\"13080\">Place the flux or paste-coated BGA on the bench. Use tweezers or a pick-up pen like with ordinary SMD placement to place balls one by one.<\/p><p data-start=\"12942\" data-end=\"13080\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3458\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manual-placement.webp\" alt=\"Manual placement\" width=\"600\" height=\"389\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"13082\" data-end=\"13113\"><strong>D) Solder paste printing method<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"13115\" data-end=\"13272\">Make the stencil thicker and slightly enlarge the aperture. Print solder paste directly on the BGA pads. Surface tension will form solder balls after reflow.<\/p><ol start=\"5\" data-start=\"13274\" data-end=\"13283\"><li data-start=\"13274\" data-end=\"13283\"><p data-start=\"13277\" data-end=\"13283\"><strong>Reflow<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"13285\" data-end=\"13330\">Run reflow to fix solder balls to the device.<\/p><ol start=\"6\" data-start=\"13332\" data-end=\"13368\"><li data-start=\"13332\" data-end=\"13368\"><p data-start=\"13335\" data-end=\"13368\"><strong>Post-solder cleaning and handling<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"13370\" data-end=\"13554\">After reballing, clean the BGA device thoroughly. Then assemble and solder it as soon as possible. This prevents the solder balls from oxidizing and the device from absorbing moisture.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"13556\" data-end=\"13587\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"13589\" data-end=\"13894\">With continuous advances in technology, modern life is closely tied to electronics. Tiny mobile phones, small radios, portable computers, memory, hard drives, CD drives and high-definition TVs all demand miniaturization and light weight. To reach this, we must work on production processes and components.<\/p><p data-start=\"13896\" data-end=\"14376\">SMT (Surface Mount Technology) matched this trend and laid the foundation for light, thin, short, and small electronic products. Since SMT matured in the 1990s, electronic product trends toward portability, miniaturization, networking and multimedia pushed assembly technology further. New high-density assembly methods emerged. BGA is one high-density assembly method that has reached practical use. This article introduced BGA assembly features and solder joint quality control.<\/p>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"c98ebbe"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-1921.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-1921.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Preface Research on BGA technology began in the 1960s. IBM in the United States used it first. But BGA only [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1921"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3467,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1921\/revisions\/3467"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}