{"id":1925,"date":"2025-08-25T02:28:52","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T02:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=1925"},"modified":"2025-09-28T07:05:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T07:05:14","slug":"tht-pcb-assembly","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-assembly\/tht-pcb-assembly\/","title":{"rendered":"THT Assembly l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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THT Assembly l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h1>

1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n<\/h2>
M\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in, ho\u1eb7c\u00a0Bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCBA)<\/strong>. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh.\u00a0C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n SMD<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay.\u00a0C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn THT<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/div>

2. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 THT<\/h2>
THT l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a\u00a0C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua<\/strong>. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3: c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i qua t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y sang m\u1eb7t kia c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1 kim lo\u1ea1i. Kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebdm, \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1c. Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/div>

3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp r\u00e1p THT<\/h2>
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng tay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t...\u00a0M\u00e1y ch\u00e8n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>. M\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y qua l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111inh t\u00e1n nh\u1ecf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00f4ng g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/div>

4. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn THT<\/h2>
M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua (THT) l\u00e0 ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n THT b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra do c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng.<\/div>

5. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn THT<\/h2>
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n SMD \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n THT trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n THT v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh:<\/div>

\u00a0<\/p>

  • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc cao. Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t qua l\u1ed7 (through-hole mounting) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i (terminal blocks) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1eb7ng (heavy connectors).<\/li>
  • Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>
  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch in ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (PCB) hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 linh ki\u1ec7n SMD v\u00e0 THT c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/li>
  • Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>
  • Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao, THT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.<\/li>
  • Gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p qua l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n SMD ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>
  • Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t qua l\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>
  • Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh cao. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c, l\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng.<\/li><\/ul>

    6. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMT v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua<\/h2>
    C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 SMD, THD, THT, SMT, THM, SOIC, QFN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/div>

    6.1 Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>
    • SM<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.\u00a0TH<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua. Hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB).<\/li>
    • Ch\u1eef c\u00e1i sau SM ho\u1eb7c TH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, T, D, M, C ho\u1eb7c A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m linh ki\u1ec7n. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>
    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n SMD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho quy tr\u00ecnh SMT. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 linh ki\u1ec7n SMD v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>

      6.2 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed & S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>
      • Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i qua l\u1ed7. Linh ki\u1ec7n qua l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n kim lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111i qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c pad \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c khoan v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 l\u1ed7 qua chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gian qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PCB. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. Vi\u1ec7c khoan chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gian qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<\/li>
      • Khi kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Surface-Mount Technology - SMT) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n SMD \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 di \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t th\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u00e0n m\u1ea1 cho t\u1eebng linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/li><\/ul>

        6.3 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian: Vias<\/h3>
        \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0vias<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 vias t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1 nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. L\u1ed7 vias c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00fang chi\u1ebfm \u00edt kh\u00f4ng gian h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 vias gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch PCB. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n SMD d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u1eafp v\u1eeba trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu.<\/div>

        6.4 K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eafp r\u00e1p<\/h3>
        • C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n SMD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c ch\u00e2n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf. Nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng SMD. C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n LED \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng SMD. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh ki\u1ec7n SMD c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00f3i 0201 ho\u1eb7c 0603.<\/li>
        • C\u00e1c g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bo m\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. C\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p SMD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m robot \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n, l\u00f2 h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao. Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p SMD c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/li><\/ul>

          6.5 R\u1ee7i ro l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/h3>
          • Do nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p SMD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng tay. Bo m\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/li>
          • Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u1edbn n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li><\/ul>

            6.6 So s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed<\/h3>
            • Chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n SMD th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp qua l\u1ed7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p SMT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>
            • L\u1eafp r\u00e1p qua l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y h\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e0n tay nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n SMD nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>
            • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, SMT nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00f4 nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu th\u1eed, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p THT cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li><\/ul>

              6.7 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>
              L\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (SMT) l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 linh ki\u1ec7n cao v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecf linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n qua l\u1ed7 (THT) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n qua l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p h\u00e0n qua l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed.<\/div>

              7. C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h2>
              L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/div>

              \u00a0<\/p>

              C\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch in (PCB): c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Surface-mount technology) v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p qua l\u1ed7 (Through-hole assembly). C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. L\u1eafp r\u00e1p qua l\u1ed7 hi\u1ec7n nay \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p qua l\u1ed7 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/div>

              \u00a0<\/p>

              S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/div>

              7.1 L\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch in (PCB): C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (SMT)<\/h3>
              C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Surface-mount technology) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a flash USB, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/div>

              \u00a0<\/p>

              L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a SMT trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn:<\/div>

              \u00a0<\/p>

              • SMT cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n. Khi kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, SMT l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, \u0111i\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf.<\/li>
              • SMT cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch nhanh h\u01a1n. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed.<\/li>
              • SMT linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, SMT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>
              • SMT cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). L\u1eafp r\u00e1p hai m\u1eb7t cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li><\/ul>

                7.2 L\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch in (PCB): S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng (THT)<\/h3>
                M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/div>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a THT trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn:<\/div>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                • C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ea1o ra li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>
                • Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp r\u00e1p qua l\u1ed7 (through-hole assembly) mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng.<\/li>
                • N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, l\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean qua th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>
                • N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng, l\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean qua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>
                • N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>
                • N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, l\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean qua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li><\/ul>

                  7.3 B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch lai v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/h3>
                  V\u00ec c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/strong>.<\/div>

                  \u00a0<\/p>

                  M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n SMD (Surface Mount Device) cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng THT (Through-Hole Technology) cho c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/div>

                  7.4 C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>
                  H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/div>

                  \u00a0<\/p>

                  B\u1ea1n n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t:<\/div>

                  \u00a0<\/p>

                  • K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>
                  • D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i mang theo.<\/li>
                  • \u00c1p l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu.<\/li>
                  • Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>
                  • M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>
                  • C\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i.<\/li>
                  • Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu th\u1eed.<\/li><\/ul>

                    \u00a0<\/p>

                    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, h\u00e0n l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMT th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t.<\/div>

                    8. Nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>
                    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng THT cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn.<\/li>
                    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SMT cho m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, linh ki\u1ec7n RF v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf.<\/li>
                    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vias \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>
                    • N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua, h\u00e3y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>
                    • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>
                    • Khi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua (through-hole) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (SMT).<\/li><\/ul>

                      T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/h2>
                      C\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua (through-hole) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (surface-mount) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9, h\u00e3y l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p.<\/div>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch in l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng (Through-hole PCB assembly) v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (SMT assembly) hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, h\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
                      \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
                      \u00a0<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      What is THT Assembly? 1. Overview of PCB Assembly and Component Types A component that is mounted on a printed […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1919,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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                      What is THT Assembly?<\\\/h1>

                      1. Overview of PCB Assembly and Component Types<\\\/h2>
                      A component that is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) is part of the board assembly. The finished board with all parts is called a printed circuit board assembly, or\\u00a0PCBA<\\\/strong>. There are two main kinds of components.\\u00a0SMD parts<\\\/strong>\\u00a0are the most common today.\\u00a0THT parts<\\\/strong>\\u00a0are the traditional kind.<\\\/div>

                      2. Definition of THT<\\\/h2>
                      THT stands for\\u00a0Through-Hole Technology<\\\/strong>. The name says it: these parts are mounted through holes in the PCB. The holes let the part leads pass from one side of the board to the other. The holes are usually made conductive by plating. The plated metal is often zinc, copper, or silver. This metal creates an electrical and mechanical bridge between the two sides of the board. The part leads can be soldered so the joint is strong and does not corrode.<\\\/div>

                      3. THT Assembly Methods<\\\/h2>
                      Some parts can be soldered into holes by hand. Still, the usual way is to use an\\u00a0automatic insertion machine<\\\/strong>. The machine pushes the part leads through the hole and clinches the leads like small rivets. The result looks neat and consistent.<\\\/div>

                      4. Key Feature of THT Parts<\\\/h2>
                      One feature of many through-hole parts is that they are fragile. They can be sensitive to heat. If a THT part gets too hot during soldering, the connection can fail. A failure may happen because nearby traces or solder joints lose contact. If that happens, the board may stop working or the part may not be fixed tight enough to hold.<\\\/div>

                      5. Advantages of THT Parts<\\\/h2>
                      Even though SMD parts have replaced THT in many uses, through-hole parts still have advantages. Here are the main benefits:<\\\/div>

                      \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                      • Strong mechanical hold. When a part must resist a lot of mechanical force, through-hole mounting is stronger. Examples include terminal blocks and heavy connectors.<\\\/li>
                      • Good for high current. If the board must carry large currents, through-hole parts often handle heat and current better.<\\\/li>
                      • Mixed use is common. Most complex PCBs today use both SMD and THT parts together.<\\\/li>
                      • Robust mechanical performance. Through-hole parts give excellent grip to the board.<\\\/li>
                      • Works well for high power. For high-power parts, THT can be more reliable.<\\\/li>
                      • Lower first-time automation cost. For small runs, the initial cost to set up through-hole assembly can be lower than a full SMD line.<\\\/li>
                      • Better for large parts. If the component is large, through-hole mounting is often the better choice.<\\\/li>
                      • Better when high mounting strength is needed. For parts that must stay firmly fixed under stress, through-hole is preferred.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                        6. Differences Between SMT and Through-Hole Technology<\\\/h2>
                        Terms like SMD, THD, THT, SMT, THM, SOIC, QFN can confuse new electronic hobbyists. But the ideas are simpler than they look.<\\\/div>

                        6.1 Basic Term Distinction<\\\/h3>
                        • SM<\\\/strong>\\u00a0means surface mount.\\u00a0TH<\\\/strong>\\u00a0means through-hole. These two terms point to two ways to mount components on a PCB.<\\\/li>
                        • A letter after SM or TH can stand for different words. For example, T, D, M, C, or A can mean technology, device, mount, component, or assembly. People use them loosely.<\\\/li>
                        • Example: SMD parts are made for SMT processes. A board that uses both SMD and through-hole parts is called a\\u00a0mixed-technology board<\\\/strong>.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                          6.2 Historical Background & Structural Differences<\\\/h3>
                          • At first, all parts were through-hole. Through-hole parts have metal leads. The leads go through plated holes in the board. Then the leads are soldered to pads on the opposite side. Drilling and plated through holes take up valuable space on the PCB surface. This is more visible on multi-layer boards. Drilling uses up space through all layers.<\\\/li>
                          • As space became more limited, surface-mount technology grew. SMD parts helped make smaller and more portable devices. A surface-mount part may or may not have leads. The main point is that these parts are soldered on the same side where the part body sits. So both sides of the board can be used for parts. No plated through-hole is needed for each component.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                            6.3 Space-Saving Design: Vias<\\\/h3>
                            To connect traces in inner layers, designers can use\\u00a0vias<\\\/strong>. A via is like a plated through hole but much smaller. Vias can be sized to link only certain layers. They take less space than a full plated through hole. Using vias saves PCB area. This helps SMD parts fit in the same footprint more easily.<\\\/div>

                            6.4 Component Size & Assembly Requirements<\\\/h3>
                            • SMD parts can be much smaller than through-hole parts. Leads can be removed and the contact area can be the end of the part body. This allows very tiny parts. Many components now come in SMD packages. Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and LEDs all come as SMDs. Some SMD parts are as small as a grain of sand, like the 0201 or 0603 package sizes.<\\\/li>
                            • Smaller packages save space. They let designers pack more function into a small board. But small size can hurt reliability. Soldering tiny parts needs high accuracy. SMD assembly lines use advanced machines. These machines include pick-and-place robots, reflow ovens, and custom stencils. The machines cost a lot. SMD assembly also needs careful process control.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                              6.5 Defect Risk & Durability<\\\/h3>
                              • Because of those needs, SMD assembly lines can show many defects if not run well. The defects may be hard to fix by hand. The finished board can be delicate. Makers must handle it carefully.<\\\/li>
                              • By contrast, boards with through-hole parts often have larger solder joints that cover a wider area. These large joints make the board tougher. This toughness is useful for military and industrial uses. It helps the board withstand strong shocks and vibration.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                                6.6 Cost Comparison<\\\/h3>
                                • Cost is another important factor. SMD components often cost less than through-hole parts. But SMT assembly can be more expensive to set up. It needs big, precise machines.<\\\/li>
                                • Through-hole assembly can be done with a soldering iron and some manual tools for small jobs. Still, hand-soldering many small SMD parts can be annoying and slow.<\\\/li>
                                • For mass production, SMT is faster and cheaper per unit. For small runs or prototypes, keeping some THT assembly for hand work can make sense.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                                  6.7 Modern Application Status<\\\/h3>
                                  SMT\\u2019s main benefit is high component density and smaller product volume. The drive for smaller and tighter devices pushed package sizes to the limit. In this modern age, THT can seem out of date. Still, predictions of its death were premature. Through-hole technology and components still have value. For many uses, both through-hole and surface-mount assembly services are available and affordable.<\\\/div>

                                  7. How to Choose the Right PCB Assembly Process<\\\/h2>
                                  Picking the right PCB assembly process is important. The choice affects manufacturing efficiency, cost, and the final product\\u2019s performance.<\\\/div>

                                  \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                  Two main methods are used for PCB assembly: surface-mount technology and through-hole assembly. Surface-mount is the most used method. Through-hole is less common now. Still, through-hole remains popular in some industries.<\\\/div>

                                  \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                  Your choice depends on many factors. Below is a short guide to help you choose.<\\\/div>

                                  7.1 PCB Assembly: Surface-Mount Technology (SMT)<\\\/h3>
                                  Surface-mount technology is the most common PCB assembly method. It is used in many electronics. Examples include USB flash drives, smartphones, medical devices, and portable navigation systems.<\\\/div>

                                  \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                  SMT advantages for selection:<\\\/div>

                                  \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                  • SMT lets you make products smaller. If board space is tight, SMT is the best choice. This is true for designs with many resistors, diodes, and small passive parts.<\\\/li>
                                  • SMT allows high automation. This leads to faster board assembly. High automation makes large volume production cost-effective.<\\\/li>
                                  • SMT is flexible and customizable. If you have special needs, SMT can match them well. It can support custom PCB designs.<\\\/li>
                                  • SMT allows parts to be placed on both sides of the PCB. Double-sided assembly lets you make more complex circuits without increasing board area.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                                    7.2 PCB Assembly: Through-Hole Manufacturing (THT)<\\\/h3>
                                    Even though through-hole use is falling, it is still common.<\\\/div>

                                    \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                    THT advantages for selection:<\\\/div>

                                    \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                    • Through-hole parts fit large components. Examples include transformers, power semiconductors, and electrolytic capacitors. Through-hole gives a stronger mechanical bond between the part and the board.<\\\/li>
                                    • Because of this, through-hole assembly offers higher durability and reliability. This extra strength makes the method a good choice for aerospace and military sectors.<\\\/li>
                                    • If your product must resist high mechanical or environmental stress in use, through-hole is often the better choice.<\\\/li>
                                    • If the product must run at high speed and with high reliability under stress, through-hole may be suitable.<\\\/li>
                                    • If the product must work at very high or very low temperatures, through-hole\\u2019s strength and durability may be better.<\\\/li>
                                    • If the product must work under high pressure and keep performance, through-hole might be right.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                                      7.3 Hybrid Boards and Mixed Technology<\\\/h3>
                                      Because devices keep getting smaller and more complex, many applications need both assembly types. This combination is called\\u00a0mixed technology<\\\/strong>.<\\\/div>

                                      \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                      A mixed board uses SMD parts where miniaturization and density matter. It uses THT for parts that need stronger mechanical support or current handling. Many modern products use both on the same board.<\\\/div>

                                      7.4 Key Factors to Consider When Deciding<\\\/h3>
                                      This guide gives a quick view to help you choose the right assembly method. Still, other factors can make the decision more complex.<\\\/div>

                                      \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                      You should consider:<\\\/div>

                                      \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                      • The size and shape of your parts.<\\\/li>
                                      • The current they must carry.<\\\/li>
                                      • The mechanical stress the product will face.<\\\/li>
                                      • Temperature and environmental limits.<\\\/li>
                                      • Production volume and cost targets.<\\\/li>
                                      • Repair and rework needs.<\\\/li>
                                      • Time to market and prototyping needs.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                                        \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                        For small prototypes or repairs, manual through-hole soldering may be fine. For mass production, SMT usually gives the best cost per unit and the smallest form factor.<\\\/div>

                                        8. Common Practical Tips<\\\/h2>
                                        • Use THT for heavy connectors and large power parts.<\\\/li>
                                        • Use SMT for dense circuits, RF parts, and tiny passives.<\\\/li>
                                        • Use vias to connect layers and save board space.<\\\/li>
                                        • If a part is available only in through-hole, plan a mixed board or use an adapter.<\\\/li>
                                        • For prototypes, choose the method that lets you test quickly. For large runs, focus on assembly cost and yield.<\\\/li>
                                        • When reliability is critical, lean to through-hole parts for mechanical strength. For size and weight limits, use SMT.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>

                                          Summary<\\\/strong><\\\/h2>
                                          Both through-hole and surface-mount technologies have strengths. Choose the one that matches your design goals and production needs. If your product needs both strength and compactness, plan a mixed-technology board.<\\\/div>

                                          \\u00a0<\\\/p>

                                          Through-hole PCB assembly and SMT assembly services are widely available. Prices are reasonable. If you need help selecting the correct process, list your product needs and limits. Then compare the options by cost, reliability, and manufacturability.<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
                                          \\u00a0<\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div><\\\/div>
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                                          \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t
                                          \\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"49aa1f7","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<div class=\"inter-jQQQ8P\"><div class=\"container-PrUkKo\"><div class=\"item-hGGxLi\"><div class=\"container-arOxqB chrome70-container\"><div class=\"inner-FyM8gE inner-item-swzCut\" data-target-id=\"message-box-target-id\" data-testid=\"union_message\"><div class=\"message-block-container-aFugD6\" data-testid=\"message-block-container\"><div class=\"flex flex-row w-full w-full max-w-full s-font-base text-s-color-text-secondary p-0 rounded-s-radius-s bg-transparent group data-[attr=select-mode]:-mt-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:py-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:px-16 data-[attr=select-mode]:sm:p-10 data-[attr=select-mode]:hover:bg-s-color-bg-base data-[attr=select-mode]:hover:rounded-s-radius-xs data-[attr=select-mode]:has-[:checked]:bg-s-color-bg-trans data-[attr=select-mode]:has-[:checked]:rounded-s-radius-xs data-[attr=select-mode]:pointer-events-none\" data-testid=\"receive_message\"><div class=\"flex flex-col flex-grow max-w-full min-w-0\"><div class=\"flex flex-row w-full\" data-testid=\"message_content\" data-message-id=\"18201810874639874\"><div class=\"w-full\" data-plugin-identifier=\"Symbol(infra:receive-message-box:text)\"><div class=\"container-ZYIsnH flow-markdown-body theme-samantha-Nbr9UN\" dir=\"ltr\" data-testid=\"message_text_content\" data-show-indicator=\"false\"><h1 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">What is THT Assembly?<\/h1><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">1. Overview of PCB Assembly and Component Types<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">A component that is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) is part of the board assembly. The finished board with all parts is called a printed circuit board assembly, or\u00a0<strong>PCBA<\/strong>. There are two main kinds of components.\u00a0<strong>SMD parts<\/strong>\u00a0are the most common today.\u00a0<strong>THT parts<\/strong>\u00a0are the traditional kind.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2. Definition of THT<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">THT stands for\u00a0<strong>Through-Hole Technology<\/strong>. The name says it: these parts are mounted through holes in the PCB. The holes let the part leads pass from one side of the board to the other. The holes are usually made conductive by plating. The plated metal is often zinc, copper, or silver. This metal creates an electrical and mechanical bridge between the two sides of the board. The part leads can be soldered so the joint is strong and does not corrode.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">3. THT Assembly Methods<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Some parts can be soldered into holes by hand. Still, the usual way is to use an\u00a0<strong>automatic insertion machine<\/strong>. The machine pushes the part leads through the hole and clinches the leads like small rivets. The result looks neat and consistent.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">4. Key Feature of THT Parts<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">One feature of many through-hole parts is that they are fragile. They can be sensitive to heat. If a THT part gets too hot during soldering, the connection can fail. A failure may happen because nearby traces or solder joints lose contact. If that happens, the board may stop working or the part may not be fixed tight enough to hold.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">5. Advantages of THT Parts<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Even though SMD parts have replaced THT in many uses, through-hole parts still have advantages. Here are the main benefits:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Strong mechanical hold. When a part must resist a lot of mechanical force, through-hole mounting is stronger. Examples include terminal blocks and heavy connectors.<\/li><li>Good for high current. If the board must carry large currents, through-hole parts often handle heat and current better.<\/li><li>Mixed use is common. Most complex PCBs today use both SMD and THT parts together.<\/li><li>Robust mechanical performance. Through-hole parts give excellent grip to the board.<\/li><li>Works well for high power. For high-power parts, THT can be more reliable.<\/li><li>Lower first-time automation cost. For small runs, the initial cost to set up through-hole assembly can be lower than a full SMD line.<\/li><li>Better for large parts. If the component is large, through-hole mounting is often the better choice.<\/li><li>Better when high mounting strength is needed. For parts that must stay firmly fixed under stress, through-hole is preferred.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6. Differences Between SMT and Through-Hole Technology<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Terms like SMD, THD, THT, SMT, THM, SOIC, QFN can confuse new electronic hobbyists. But the ideas are simpler than they look.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.1 Basic Term Distinction<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li><strong>SM<\/strong>\u00a0means surface mount.\u00a0<strong>TH<\/strong>\u00a0means through-hole. These two terms point to two ways to mount components on a PCB.<\/li><li>A letter after SM or TH can stand for different words. For example, T, D, M, C, or A can mean technology, device, mount, component, or assembly. People use them loosely.<\/li><li>Example: SMD parts are made for SMT processes. A board that uses both SMD and through-hole parts is called a\u00a0<strong>mixed-technology board<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.2 Historical Background &amp; Structural Differences<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>At first, all parts were through-hole. Through-hole parts have metal leads. The leads go through plated holes in the board. Then the leads are soldered to pads on the opposite side. Drilling and plated through holes take up valuable space on the PCB surface. This is more visible on multi-layer boards. Drilling uses up space through all layers.<\/li><li>As space became more limited, surface-mount technology grew. SMD parts helped make smaller and more portable devices. A surface-mount part may or may not have leads. The main point is that these parts are soldered on the same side where the part body sits. So both sides of the board can be used for parts. No plated through-hole is needed for each component.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.3 Space-Saving Design: Vias<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">To connect traces in inner layers, designers can use\u00a0<strong>vias<\/strong>. A via is like a plated through hole but much smaller. Vias can be sized to link only certain layers. They take less space than a full plated through hole. Using vias saves PCB area. This helps SMD parts fit in the same footprint more easily.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.4 Component Size &amp; Assembly Requirements<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>SMD parts can be much smaller than through-hole parts. Leads can be removed and the contact area can be the end of the part body. This allows very tiny parts. Many components now come in SMD packages. Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and LEDs all come as SMDs. Some SMD parts are as small as a grain of sand, like the 0201 or 0603 package sizes.<\/li><li>Smaller packages save space. They let designers pack more function into a small board. But small size can hurt reliability. Soldering tiny parts needs high accuracy. SMD assembly lines use advanced machines. These machines include pick-and-place robots, reflow ovens, and custom stencils. The machines cost a lot. SMD assembly also needs careful process control.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.5 Defect Risk &amp; Durability<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Because of those needs, SMD assembly lines can show many defects if not run well. The defects may be hard to fix by hand. The finished board can be delicate. Makers must handle it carefully.<\/li><li>By contrast, boards with through-hole parts often have larger solder joints that cover a wider area. These large joints make the board tougher. This toughness is useful for military and industrial uses. It helps the board withstand strong shocks and vibration.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.6 Cost Comparison<\/h3><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Cost is another important factor. SMD components often cost less than through-hole parts. But SMT assembly can be more expensive to set up. It needs big, precise machines.<\/li><li>Through-hole assembly can be done with a soldering iron and some manual tools for small jobs. Still, hand-soldering many small SMD parts can be annoying and slow.<\/li><li>For mass production, SMT is faster and cheaper per unit. For small runs or prototypes, keeping some THT assembly for hand work can make sense.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">6.7 Modern Application Status<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">SMT\u2019s main benefit is high component density and smaller product volume. The drive for smaller and tighter devices pushed package sizes to the limit. In this modern age, THT can seem out of date. Still, predictions of its death were premature. Through-hole technology and components still have value. For many uses, both through-hole and surface-mount assembly services are available and affordable.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7. How to Choose the Right PCB Assembly Process<\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Picking the right PCB assembly process is important. The choice affects manufacturing efficiency, cost, and the final product\u2019s performance.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Two main methods are used for PCB assembly: surface-mount technology and through-hole assembly. Surface-mount is the most used method. Through-hole is less common now. Still, through-hole remains popular in some industries.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Your choice depends on many factors. Below is a short guide to help you choose.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.1 PCB Assembly: Surface-Mount Technology (SMT)<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Surface-mount technology is the most common PCB assembly method. It is used in many electronics. Examples include USB flash drives, smartphones, medical devices, and portable navigation systems.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">SMT advantages for selection:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>SMT lets you make products smaller. If board space is tight, SMT is the best choice. This is true for designs with many resistors, diodes, and small passive parts.<\/li><li>SMT allows high automation. This leads to faster board assembly. High automation makes large volume production cost-effective.<\/li><li>SMT is flexible and customizable. If you have special needs, SMT can match them well. It can support custom PCB designs.<\/li><li>SMT allows parts to be placed on both sides of the PCB. Double-sided assembly lets you make more complex circuits without increasing board area.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.2 PCB Assembly: Through-Hole Manufacturing (THT)<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Even though through-hole use is falling, it is still common.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">THT advantages for selection:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Through-hole parts fit large components. Examples include transformers, power semiconductors, and electrolytic capacitors. Through-hole gives a stronger mechanical bond between the part and the board.<\/li><li>Because of this, through-hole assembly offers higher durability and reliability. This extra strength makes the method a good choice for aerospace and military sectors.<\/li><li>If your product must resist high mechanical or environmental stress in use, through-hole is often the better choice.<\/li><li>If the product must run at high speed and with high reliability under stress, through-hole may be suitable.<\/li><li>If the product must work at very high or very low temperatures, through-hole\u2019s strength and durability may be better.<\/li><li>If the product must work under high pressure and keep performance, through-hole might be right.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.3 Hybrid Boards and Mixed Technology<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Because devices keep getting smaller and more complex, many applications need both assembly types. This combination is called\u00a0<strong>mixed technology<\/strong>.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">A mixed board uses SMD parts where miniaturization and density matter. It uses THT for parts that need stronger mechanical support or current handling. Many modern products use both on the same board.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">7.4 Key Factors to Consider When Deciding<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">This guide gives a quick view to help you choose the right assembly method. Still, other factors can make the decision more complex.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">You should consider:<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>The size and shape of your parts.<\/li><li>The current they must carry.<\/li><li>The mechanical stress the product will face.<\/li><li>Temperature and environmental limits.<\/li><li>Production volume and cost targets.<\/li><li>Repair and rework needs.<\/li><li>Time to market and prototyping needs.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">For small prototypes or repairs, manual through-hole soldering may be fine. For mass production, SMT usually gives the best cost per unit and the smallest form factor.<\/div><h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">8. Common Practical Tips<\/h2><ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\"><li>Use THT for heavy connectors and large power parts.<\/li><li>Use SMT for dense circuits, RF parts, and tiny passives.<\/li><li>Use vias to connect layers and save board space.<\/li><li>If a part is available only in through-hole, plan a mixed board or use an adapter.<\/li><li>For prototypes, choose the method that lets you test quickly. For large runs, focus on assembly cost and yield.<\/li><li>When reliability is critical, lean to through-hole parts for mechanical strength. For size and weight limits, use SMT.<\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"13855\" data-end=\"13871\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Both through-hole and surface-mount technologies have strengths. Choose the one that matches your design goals and production needs. If your product needs both strength and compactness, plan a mixed-technology board.<\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Through-hole PCB assembly and SMT assembly services are widely available. Prices are reasonable. If you need help selecting the correct process, list your product needs and limits. Then compare the options by cost, reliability, and manufacturability.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"suggest-message-list-wrapper-Hn7Sfr\" data-testid=\"suggest_message_list\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"top-lAPxtl\"><div class=\"container-arOxqB chrome70-container\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"c9a48f5"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-1925.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-1925.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"What is THT Assembly? 1. Overview of PCB Assembly and Component Types A component that is mounted on a printed […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1925"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3487,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1925\/revisions\/3487"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}