{"id":2398,"date":"2025-09-04T06:51:53","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T06:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?page_id=2398"},"modified":"2025-09-26T06:15:21","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T06:15:21","slug":"enig-pcb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-manufacturer\/enig-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"ENIG \u2013 T\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2398\" class=\"elementor elementor-2398\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bd3b36 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3bd3b36\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9c876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f9c876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\">ENIG l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1 niken h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ENIG ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u... <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-assembly\/\">Bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCBA)<\/a> C\u00e1c bo m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ENIG. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> Bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ENIG.<\/p><p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2804\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB-300x182.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"695\">So v\u1edbi m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n nickel-v\u00e0ng, ENIG kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng pad \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea1 nickel v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng. V\u00ec quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"719\">Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ENIG<\/h1><p data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"861\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ENIG th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng d\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c pad c\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p><p data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"427\"><strong data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"71\">Quy tr\u00ecnh ENIG \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<\/strong><br data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"74\" \/>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 ngang \u2192 T\u1ea3i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u2192 T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 (lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7u) \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (x2) \u2192 \u0102n m\u00f2n vi m\u00f4 \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (x2) \u2192 L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng axit \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft (x2) \u2192 Ng\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2192 K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft (x3) \u2192 \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n niken h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (Ni\/P) \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft (x2) \u2192 \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0ng \u2192 Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft (x2) \u2192 X\u1ea3 \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u2192 Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch<\/p><p data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"814\"><strong data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"449\">D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0ng d\u00e0y:<\/strong><br data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"452\" \/>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 ngang \u2192 T\u1ea3i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u2192 T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (x2) \u2192 \u0102n m\u00f2n vi m\u00f4 \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (x2) \u2192 L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng axit \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft (x2) \u2192 Ng\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2192 K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft (x3) \u2192 \u0110\u00f3ng l\u1edbp niken h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (Ni\/P) \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft (x2) \u2192 Ng\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho v\u00e0ng \u2192 \u0110\u00f3ng l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng d\u00e0y \u2192 Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft (x2) \u2192 X\u1ea3 ra \u2192 R\u1eeda b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u2192 Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch<\/p><h1 data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1852\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh \u2014 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h1><p data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"2020\">X\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc: M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 ch\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c phun c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u00e1m gi\u00fap niken v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n sau n\u00e0y.<\/p><p data-start=\"2022\" data-end=\"2228\">Micro-etch: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng natri peroxysulfat ho\u1eb7c axit sunfuric \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng. Micro-etch c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u do ch\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft ch\u1ea3i s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng ng\u00e2m \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u1edbp niken sau n\u00e0y.<\/p><p data-start=\"2230\" data-end=\"2566\">K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t: \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng niken h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp palladium (Pd) m\u1ecfng l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Palladium \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng niken. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n palladium. C\u00e1c ion palladium b\u1ecb kh\u1eed th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i palladium v\u00e0 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p><p data-start=\"2568\" data-end=\"2881\">Niken h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (Ni\/P): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 niken-ph\u1ed1t pho. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i (IMC). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u1edbp niken ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed3ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o h\u00e0n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u00e0n b\u00e1m d\u00ednh.<\/p><p data-start=\"2883\" data-end=\"3365\">V\u00e0ng nh\u00fang: V\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 niken kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a. V\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n d\u00e2y tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch (COB), b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c pad b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng kho\u1ea3ng 0,05 \u00b5m (2 \u00b5\u201d) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. L\u1edbp m\u1ecfng n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed so v\u1edbi m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n niken-v\u00e0ng.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3403\">T\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0ng ENIG m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro<\/h1><p data-start=\"3405\" data-end=\"3797\">V\u00ec l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng ENIG r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 niken kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n. N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0y, niken s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n. Ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c b\u1edfi dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0ng axit. C\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u201cniken \u0111en\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cl\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111en\u201d. L\u1edbp v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn tr\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PCB ENIG tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3799\" data-end=\"3846\">Niken \u0111en \u2014 c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i<\/h1><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\">Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp niken ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c dung d\u1ecbch niken v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. B\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng ng\u00e2m c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh niken h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hypophosphite (natri hypophosphite) v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i niken trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 x\u00fac t\u00e1c. L\u1edbp l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1t pho (P). C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1t pho b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 niken n\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 7% \u0111\u1ebfn 10%. N\u1ebfu dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1t pho s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y.<\/p><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2805\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"PCB Black Nickel Phenomenon\" width=\"600\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon-300x120.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"4370\" data-end=\"4648\">N\u1ebfu h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1t pho qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, l\u1edbp niken d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb b\u1ec3 v\u00e0ng axit t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbp niken. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1t pho qu\u00e1 cao, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p><p data-start=\"4650\" data-end=\"4968\">N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 niken c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1t pho th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng ng\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec1u. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau n\u00e0y, dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng axit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Niken b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 ra s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn niken \u0111en, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 niken \u0111en. Niken \u0111en g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p><p data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"5382\">Khi nickel \u0111en h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn tr\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng pad v\u1eabn \u1ed5n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng tan ch\u1ea3y nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u00e0n. Nickel b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i (IMC). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ecf.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"5384\" data-end=\"5428\">L\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho \u2014 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i<\/h1><p data-start=\"5430\" data-end=\"5808\">Trong ENIG, kim lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim v\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e0 niken. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t intermetallic (IMC) \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Ni3Sn4. Ph\u1ed1t pho trong niken kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ed1t pho c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 niken v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u. Khi niken ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh IMC, ph\u1ed1t pho c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u00e9p c\u1ee7a IMC v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\">N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p. Khi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb g\u00e3y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2806\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"Phosphorus-rich layer phenomenon\" width=\"574\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp 574w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon-300x230.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"6031\" data-end=\"6503\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. N\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9m, l\u1edbp IMC s\u1ebd d\u00e0y l\u00ean. L\u1edbp IMC d\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1t pho h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n t\u0103ng cao. L\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp IMC v\u00e0 l\u1edbp niken. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 tia X t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (EDS) cho th\u1ea5y d\u1ea3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1t pho r\u1ea5t cao. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c cho th\u1ea5y l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho g\u00e2y ra n\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"6505\" data-end=\"6560\">C\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1edbp niken \u0111en v\u00e0 l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho<\/h1><p data-start=\"6562\" data-end=\"6733\">C\u1ea3 l\u1edbp niken \u0111en v\u00e0 l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ea9n. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ch\u00fang.<\/p><p data-start=\"6735\" data-end=\"6752\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi niken \u0111en:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"7187\"><li data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"6876\"><p data-start=\"6755\" data-end=\"6876\">B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ec3 m\u1ea1 niken v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 niken-ph\u1ed1t pho trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00fang.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"6963\"><p data-start=\"6879\" data-end=\"6963\">Gi\u1eef cho dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit. N\u1ebfu dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0ng qu\u00e1 \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6964\" data-end=\"7043\"><p data-start=\"6966\" data-end=\"7043\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1ecd s\u00e2u. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7044\" data-end=\"7133\"><p data-start=\"7046\" data-end=\"7133\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 palladium \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u1edbp nickel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng t\u1ed1t.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7134\" data-end=\"7187\"><p data-start=\"7136\" data-end=\"7187\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"7189\" data-end=\"7273\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ENIG tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/p><ol data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7829\"><li data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7456\"><p data-start=\"7278\" data-end=\"7456\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u00e9t (SEM) \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t hay kh\u00f4ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng EDS \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ed1t pho trong niken. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vi m\u00f4 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7458\" data-end=\"7653\"><p data-start=\"7461\" data-end=\"7653\">Ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0n tay. H\u00e0n tay c\u00e1c pad ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 niken \u0111en. Ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7655\" data-end=\"7829\"><p data-start=\"7658\" data-end=\"7829\">Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00ed axit. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ENIG v\u1edbi kh\u00ed axit. N\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 niken \u0111en.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7831\" data-end=\"8035\">Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bo m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng sau n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8037\" data-end=\"8076\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho<\/h1><p data-start=\"8078\" data-end=\"8443\">\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 niken-ph\u1ed1t pho trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong l\u1edbp l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp IMC g\u1ea7n ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20132 micromet (\u00b5m). N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp IMC tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y, ph\u1ed1t pho s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p><p data-start=\"8445\" data-end=\"8643\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u1edbp IMC m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho nh\u1ecf. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8645\" data-end=\"8670\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u2014 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h1><ul data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"10113\"><li data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"8780\"><p data-start=\"8674\" data-end=\"8780\">ENIG l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 niken kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng ng\u00e2m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCBA) c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee9a BGA.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8781\" data-end=\"8902\"><p data-start=\"8783\" data-end=\"8902\">ENIG r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n niken-v\u00e0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn pad.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8903\" data-end=\"9073\"><p data-start=\"8905\" data-end=\"9073\">C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd, m\u00e0i m\u00f2n vi m\u00f4, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng palladium, m\u1ea1 niken h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (Ni\/P) v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng ng\u00e2m. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng d\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9074\" data-end=\"9321\"><p data-start=\"9076\" data-end=\"9321\">Niken h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng-v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 h\u00e0n IMC. V\u00e0ng ng\u00e2m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 niken kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a. V\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 niken. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 h\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0n d\u00e2y (COB), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9322\" data-end=\"9503\"><p data-start=\"9324\" data-end=\"9503\">Niken \u0111en (l\u1edbp niken \u0111en) x\u1ea3y ra khi niken c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1t pho kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c khi l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t. Niken \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng. N\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra h\u00e0n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9504\" data-end=\"9707\"><p data-start=\"9506\" data-end=\"9707\">C\u00e1c l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi IMC khi niken ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ed1t pho. L\u1edbp IMC d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9m l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. L\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9708\" data-end=\"9867\"><p data-start=\"9710\" data-end=\"9867\">\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec b\u1ec3 niken v\u00e0 b\u1ec3 v\u00e0ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1ecd s\u00e2u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp h\u00e0n.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9868\" data-end=\"10005\"><p data-start=\"9870\" data-end=\"10005\">\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SEM\/EDS, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o h\u00e0n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed axit. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o h\u00e0n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10006\" data-end=\"10113\"><p data-start=\"10008\" data-end=\"10113\">Gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp IMC \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1\u20132 \u00b5m trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u ph\u1ed1t pho.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-pbqz7o7 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"pbqz7o7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\" data-id=\"7882748\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fc6712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"631b990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u1ea1i sao n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ENIG thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\"><p>ENIG cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, ph\u1eb3ng m\u1ecbn, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c pad BGA. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ENIG l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\"><p>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng (ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 BGA), kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n\/tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e2u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ENIG l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\"><p>M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ebft \u0111en\u201d (s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a niken) khi l\u1edbp niken-ph\u1ed1t pho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QA) \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">ENIG c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1034\"><p>Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u2014l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ENIG r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p\/th\u00e1o r\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea1nh, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp v\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng (m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n) ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean l\u1edbp niken.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">ENIG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c BGA c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 micro-BGA kh\u00f4ng?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1035\"><p>\u0110\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ENIG l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n BGA khi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00f4i n\u00ean ghi ch\u00fa ENIG nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1036\"><p>Ghi r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u201cENIG (niken kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \/ m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng ng\u00e2m)\u201d v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u1edbp niken\/v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1037\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1037\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">ENIG c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1037\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1037\"><p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1eafp r\u00e1p n\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd ENIG gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cao c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0n\/h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u1ed7 via trong pad, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0n s\u00f3ng g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ENIG.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1038\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1038\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">ENIG so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ENEPIG v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ENIG?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1038\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1038\"><p>ENEPIG (m\u1ea1 niken kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, m\u1ea1 palladium kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng ng\u00e2m) th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp palladium gi\u1eefa niken v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Ch\u1ecdn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1898,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-page"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"3bd3b36\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"b36ef56\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"3f9c876\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p data-start=\\\"67\\\" data-end=\\\"390\\\">ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish used on printed circuit boards (PCBs). People often shorten it to ENIG or call it a chemical gold board. Today many <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/\\\">PCBA<\\\/a> boards inside mobile phones use ENIG. Some <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/pcb-assembly\\\/bga-assmebly\\\/\\\">BGA<\\\/a> carrier boards also use ENIG.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"67\\\" data-end=\\\"390\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2804\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/ENIG-PCB.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"364\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"392\\\" data-end=\\\"695\\\">Compared with electroplated nickel-gold, ENIG does not need electricity on the board during the plating steps. It also does not need a wire to be pulled to each pad to plate nickel and gold. Because the process is simpler, producers can make many boards fast. The result is higher output and lower cost.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"697\\\" data-end=\\\"719\\\">ENIG production flow<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"721\\\" data-end=\\\"861\\\">Here are two common production sequences. The first is the normal ENIG flow. The second is the thick-gold flow for pads that need more gold.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"49\\\" data-end=\\\"427\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"49\\\" data-end=\\\"71\\\">Typical ENIG flow:<\\\/strong><br data-start=\\\"71\\\" data-end=\\\"74\\\" \\\/>Horizontal preclean \\u2192 Load boards \\u2192 Degrease (oil removal) \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Micro-etch \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Acid clean \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Pre-dip \\u2192 Activation \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \\u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\\\/P) \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Immersion gold \\u2192 Recovery \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Unload \\u2192 Board wash \\u2192 Board inspection<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"429\\\" data-end=\\\"814\\\"><strong data-start=\\\"429\\\" data-end=\\\"449\\\">Thick-gold flow:<\\\/strong><br data-start=\\\"449\\\" data-end=\\\"452\\\" \\\/>Horizontal preclean \\u2192 Load boards \\u2192 Degrease \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Micro-etch \\u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \\u2192 Acid clean \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Pre-dip \\u2192 Activation \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \\u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\\\/P) \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Pre-dip for gold \\u2192 Thick gold deposit \\u2192 Recovery \\u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \\u2192 Unload \\u2192 Board wash \\u2192 Board inspection<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"1820\\\" data-end=\\\"1852\\\">Key step explanations \\u2014 simple<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"1854\\\" data-end=\\\"2020\\\">Pre-treatment: The goal is to brush or sandblast the copper to remove oxide. This also roughens the copper surface. Roughing helps nickel and gold stick better later.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2022\\\" data-end=\\\"2228\\\">Micro-etch: Use sodium persulfate or sulfuric acid to remove the oxide on copper. Micro-etch also reduces deep scratches caused by brushing. Deep brush marks can help immersion gold attack the nickel later.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2230\\\" data-end=\\\"2566\\\">Activation: Copper cannot start the chemical nickel deposition by itself. So first we put a thin layer of palladium (Pd) on the copper. Palladium acts as a catalyst for the nickel deposition. The chemistry uses the fact that copper is more active than palladium. Palladium ions reduce to palladium metal and stick to the copper surface.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2568\\\" data-end=\\\"2881\\\">Chemical nickel (Ni\\\/P): This is a nickel-phosphorus deposit. Its main job is to stop migration and diffusion between copper and gold. It also reacts with solder during soldering to form intermetallic compounds (IMC). In other words, the nickel layer keeps copper from moving into the solder and helps solder bond.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"2883\\\" data-end=\\\"3365\\\">Immersion gold: Gold protects the nickel from oxidation. Gold does not react in the soldering chemistry. Too much gold can reduce solder joint strength. So the gold layer only needs to cover the nickel well enough to prevent oxidation. If you do Chip On Board (COB) wire bonding, you need a thicker gold layer. For most surface pads, a thin layer around 0.05 \\u00b5m (2 \\u00b5\\\") or thinner is common. This thin layer is easy to control and lowers cost compared with electroplated nickel-gold.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"3367\\\" data-end=\\\"3403\\\">Why ENIG gold is thin and the risk<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"3405\\\" data-end=\\\"3797\\\">Because ENIG gold is very thin, it only protects nickel from air and corrosion. If the gold is not enough, nickel will contact air and corrode. Or the gold can be over-etched by the acidic gold bath. Both cases can cause \\\"black nickel\\\" or \\\"black pad\\\". The gold layer may still look shiny by eye. So visual check is not reliable. It is very important to check ENIG PCB quality before assembly.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"3799\\\" data-end=\\\"3846\\\">Black nickel \\u2014 how it forms and why it is bad<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"3848\\\" data-end=\\\"4368\\\">Nickel layer quality depends on the nickel bath formula and temperature control during chemical deposition. The immersion gold step also affects the result. The chemical nickel process uses hypophosphite (sodium hypophosphite) and nickel salts in a self-catalyzed reaction. The deposit includes some phosphorus (P). Studies show that the normal phosphorus content in the nickel deposit should be about 7% to 10%. If the bath is not kept well or temperature control fails, phosphorus content will fall outside this range.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"3848\\\" data-end=\\\"4368\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2805\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp\\\" alt=\\\"PCB Black Nickel Phenomenon\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"239\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4370\\\" data-end=\\\"4648\\\">If phosphorus is too low, the nickel layer becomes easy to corrode. This corrosion often starts from the acidic gold bath attacking the nickel. If phosphorus is too high, the deposit becomes hard. That lowers solderability. It also hurts the formation of reliable solder joints.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4650\\\" data-end=\\\"4968\\\">If the nickel deposit has low phosphorus and the immersion gold step is not handled well, the gold layer may crack a lot. During later cleaning, the acidic gold bath can be hard to remove. Exposed nickel will corrode faster in air. This leads to black nickel, also called black pad. Black pad causes bad solder joints.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"4970\\\" data-end=\\\"5382\\\">When black nickel forms, the gold layer on the board surface may still look shiny and gold. So people may think the pad is fine. During high temperature soldering, the gold layer dissolves quickly into the solder paste. The corroded nickel cannot react with molten solder to make intermetallic compound (IMC). This lowers the reliability of the solder joint. Joints then crack easily under small external forces.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"5384\\\" data-end=\\\"5428\\\">Phosphorus-rich layer \\u2014 formation and harm<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"5430\\\" data-end=\\\"5808\\\">In ENIG, the metal that alloys with solder is the nickel. The typical intermetallic compound (IMC) is Ni3Sn4. Phosphorus in the nickel does not join the metal compound. But phosphorus is present in the nickel deposit and it is spread evenly. When nickel reacts and forms IMC, leftover phosphorus gathers. It concentrates at the edge of the IMC and forms a phosphorus-rich layer.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"5810\\\" data-end=\\\"6029\\\">If the phosphorus-rich layer is too thick, its strength is low. When a solder joint sees stress, the weakest spot breaks first. Often the phosphorus-rich layer is that weak spot. Then the solder joint reliability falls.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"5810\\\" data-end=\\\"6029\\\"><img class=\\\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2806\\\" src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/flj-pcb.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp\\\" alt=\\\"Phosphorus-rich layer phenomenon\\\" width=\\\"574\\\" height=\\\"440\\\" \\\/><\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"6031\\\" data-end=\\\"6503\\\">This is worse in high-heat lead-free processes. If process control is poor, IMC gets thick. More IMC means more leftover phosphorus. So the phosphorus-rich layer grows. The result is a higher risk of solder joint failure. The phosphorus-rich layer can be seen as a dark band between the IMC and the nickel. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) shows this band has very high phosphorus content. Many failure cases show the phosphorus-rich layer causes joint cracking.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"6505\\\" data-end=\\\"6560\\\">How to prevent black nickel and phosphorus-rich layer<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"6562\\\" data-end=\\\"6733\\\">Both black nickel and phosphorus-rich layers are hidden defects. Normal visual checks can miss them. But if we know their causes, we can use good controls to prevent them.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"6735\\\" data-end=\\\"6752\\\">For black nickel:<\\\/p><ul data-start=\\\"6753\\\" data-end=\\\"7187\\\"><li data-start=\\\"6753\\\" data-end=\\\"6876\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6755\\\" data-end=\\\"6876\\\">Maintain the nickel plating bath and keep temperature stable. This helps keep nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6877\\\" data-end=\\\"6963\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6879\\\" data-end=\\\"6963\\\">Maintain the acidic gold bath. If the gold bath is too corrosive, adjust it in time.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"6964\\\" data-end=\\\"7043\\\"><p data-start=\\\"6966\\\" data-end=\\\"7043\\\">Control the pre-treatment well. Avoid deep brush lines. Remove residues well.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7044\\\" data-end=\\\"7133\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7046\\\" data-end=\\\"7133\\\">Control activation and rinses so palladium seeding is uniform and nickel deposits well.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7134\\\" data-end=\\\"7187\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7136\\\" data-end=\\\"7187\\\">Control immersion gold time so gold does not crack.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul><p data-start=\\\"7189\\\" data-end=\\\"7273\\\">For users and buyers, check ENIG quality before assembly. There are several methods:<\\\/p><ol data-start=\\\"7275\\\" data-end=\\\"7829\\\"><li data-start=\\\"7275\\\" data-end=\\\"7456\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7278\\\" data-end=\\\"7456\\\">Use scanning electron microscope (SEM) to look at the pad surface. Check if the gold has cracks. Use EDS to measure phosphorus ratio in the nickel. This gives a clear micro view.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7458\\\" data-end=\\\"7653\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7461\\\" data-end=\\\"7653\\\">Manual solder test. Hand-solder typical pads, then measure pull or shear strength of the joint. If pull strength is much lower than normal, black nickel may exist. This test is easy and quick.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"7655\\\" data-end=\\\"7829\\\"><p data-start=\\\"7658\\\" data-end=\\\"7829\\\">Acidic gas corrosion test. Expose ENIG samples to acidic gas. If powder forms or the surface discolors, it means the gold layer has cracks. That shows likely black nickel.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p data-start=\\\"7831\\\" data-end=\\\"8035\\\">Out of these, the second method is most convenient and fast. It is simple to do. With these checks you can find problems before assembly. That reduces the number of boards that fail later and lowers loss.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"8037\\\" data-end=\\\"8076\\\">Controlling the phosphorus-rich layer<\\\/h1><p data-start=\\\"8078\\\" data-end=\\\"8443\\\">To reduce the phosphorus-rich layer, keep the nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range in the deposit. Also control the soldering process. Control solder time and solder temperature. Aim to keep the IMC thickness near the best range of about 1\\u20132 microns (\\u00b5m). If IMC becomes too thick, more phosphorus will concentrate. That makes the phosphorus-rich layer worse.<\\\/p><p data-start=\\\"8445\\\" data-end=\\\"8643\\\">In short, good bath maintenance, temperature control, and precise soldering profiles are key. These steps keep IMC thin and the phosphorus-rich layer small. Then solder joint reliability stays high.<\\\/p><h1 data-start=\\\"8645\\\" data-end=\\\"8670\\\">Summary \\u2014 simple points<\\\/h1><ul data-start=\\\"8672\\\" data-end=\\\"10113\\\"><li data-start=\\\"8672\\\" data-end=\\\"8780\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8674\\\" data-end=\\\"8780\\\">ENIG is electroless nickel followed by immersion gold. It is common in phone PCBA and some BGA carriers.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"8781\\\" data-end=\\\"8902\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8783\\\" data-end=\\\"8902\\\">ENIG is cheaper and simpler than electroplated nickel-gold because it does not need electrical plating or pad wiring.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"8903\\\" data-end=\\\"9073\\\"><p data-start=\\\"8905\\\" data-end=\\\"9073\\\">Main steps are pre-treatment, micro-etch, activation with palladium, chemical nickel (Ni\\\/P), and immersion gold. There is also a thick-gold variant for special needs.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9074\\\" data-end=\\\"9321\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9076\\\" data-end=\\\"9321\\\">Chemical nickel blocks copper-gold migration and helps form solder IMC. Immersion gold protects nickel from oxidation. Gold is thin and only needs to protect nickel. Too much gold hurts solder strength. For wire bonding (COB) use thicker gold.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9322\\\" data-end=\\\"9503\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9324\\\" data-end=\\\"9503\\\">Black nickel (black pad) happens when nickel has wrong phosphorus content or when gold layer cracks. Black nickel can hide under shiny gold. It causes poor soldering and cracks.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9504\\\" data-end=\\\"9707\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9506\\\" data-end=\\\"9707\\\">Phosphorus-rich layers form near the IMC edge when nickel contains phosphorus. Thick IMC and poor process control make this worse. The phosphorus-rich layer lowers joint strength and causes cracking.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9708\\\" data-end=\\\"9867\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9710\\\" data-end=\\\"9867\\\">Prevent problems by keeping nickel bath and gold bath well maintained, controlling temperature, avoiding deep brush marks, and controlling solder profiles.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"9868\\\" data-end=\\\"10005\\\"><p data-start=\\\"9870\\\" data-end=\\\"10005\\\">For quality checks use SEM\\\/EDS, manual solder pull tests, or acid gas corrosion tests. Manual solder pull is the fastest and easiest.<\\\/p><\\\/li><li data-start=\\\"10006\\\" data-end=\\\"10113\\\"><p data-start=\\\"10008\\\" data-end=\\\"10113\\\">Keep IMC thickness near 1\\u20132 \\u00b5m in lead-free processes to lower the risk of phosphorus-rich layer failure.<\\\/p><\\\/li><\\\/ul>\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"59fd57a\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"pbqz7o7\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"gap\":\"no\",\"content_position\":\"top\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"background_position\":\"bottom center\",\"background_attachment\":\"scroll\",\"background_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"background_size\":\"cover\",\"background_size_mobile\":\"cover\",\"background_overlay_background\":\"classic\",\"background_overlay_color_b\":\"rgba(255,255,255,0)\",\"background_overlay_opacity\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"120\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"80\",\"right\":\"40\",\"bottom\":\"80\",\"left\":\"40\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"25\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"25\",\"isLinked\":false},\"content_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":800,\"sizes\":[]},\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"54061b8\"}],\"margin\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":0,\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":0,\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"7882748\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null,\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"space_between_widgets\":40,\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"c4df55e\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9fc6712\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Frequently Asked Questions\",\"align\":\"center\",\"display_condition_list\":[{\"display_condition_login_status\":\"subscriber\",\"_id\":\"65a7f57\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"631b990\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"tab_title\":\"Why choose ENIG over other finishes?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>ENIG gives a very flat, planar surface, good shelf life, and reliable solderability for fine-pitch components and BGA pads. It\\u2019s often chosen for surface-planarity sensitive assemblies.<\\\/p>\",\"_id\":\"1f7b19c\"},{\"_id\":\"795aace\",\"tab_title\":\"What are the main advantages of ENIG?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Flatness (good for fine-pitch and BGA), good corrosion resistance, consistent solderability, and long storage\\\/shelf life compared with some organic finishes.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"138dc4d\",\"tab_title\":\"What are common concerns or downsides with ENIG?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>One known issue is \\u201cblack pad\\u201d (nickel corrosion) when the nickel-phosphorus layer is improperly processed; this can affect solder joint reliability. Proper vendor process control and QA reduce the risk.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"c8edc3e\",\"tab_title\":\"Is ENIG suitable for gold fingers or edge connectors?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Not usually\\u2014ENIG\\u2019s gold layer is very thin and primarily protective. For frequent mating\\\/unmating or edge connectors, hard (electroplated) gold over nickel is recommended.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"d314a8b\",\"tab_title\":\"Can ENIG be used with fine-pitch BGAs and micro-BGA?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Yes. ENIG\\u2019s flatness and planarity make it a good choice for fine-pitch components and BGA solderability when the process is qualified.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"16932b0\",\"tab_title\":\"How should I specify ENIG on my fabrication notes?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>State the finish as \\u201cENIG (electroless nickel \\\/ immersion gold)\\u201d and include any required acceptance criteria (e.g., nickel\\\/gold class, surface roughness, or special plating notes) so the fabricator knows your expectations.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"09c11cc\",\"tab_title\":\"Does ENIG change assembly processes?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>Assembly teams should treat ENIG like other noble finishes: use normal reflow\\\/soldering profiles, but coordinate if you require via-in-pad filling, special cleaning, or if you plan wave soldering near ENIG areas.<\\\/p>\"},{\"_id\":\"0f6d574\",\"tab_title\":\"How does ENIG compare with ENEPIG and ENIG alternatives?\",\"tab_content\":\"<p>ENEPIG (electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold) adds a palladium layer between nickel and gold to improve wire bonding and contact reliability in some cases. 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class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bd3b36 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\\\" data-id=\\\"3bd3b36\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-con-inner\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"0e46bd9387093ca73b9000e38f18cce4\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"3f9c876","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\">ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish used on printed circuit boards (PCBs). People often shorten it to ENIG or call it a chemical gold board. Today many <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/\">PCBA<\/a> boards inside mobile phones use ENIG. Some <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\">BGA<\/a> carrier boards also use ENIG.<\/p><p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"390\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2804\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ENIG-PCB.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"695\">Compared with electroplated nickel-gold, ENIG does not need electricity on the board during the plating steps. It also does not need a wire to be pulled to each pad to plate nickel and gold. Because the process is simpler, producers can make many boards fast. The result is higher output and lower cost.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"719\">ENIG production flow<\/h1><p data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"861\">Here are two common production sequences. The first is the normal ENIG flow. The second is the thick-gold flow for pads that need more gold.<\/p><p data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"427\"><strong data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"71\">Typical ENIG flow:<\/strong><br data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"74\" \/>Horizontal preclean \u2192 Load boards \u2192 Degrease (oil removal) \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Micro-etch \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Acid clean \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Pre-dip \u2192 Activation \u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\/P) \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Immersion gold \u2192 Recovery \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Unload \u2192 Board wash \u2192 Board inspection<\/p><p data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"814\"><strong data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"449\">Thick-gold flow:<\/strong><br data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"452\" \/>Horizontal preclean \u2192 Load boards \u2192 Degrease \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Micro-etch \u2192 Rinse with water (x2) \u2192 Acid clean \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Pre-dip \u2192 Activation \u2192 Pure water rinse (x3) \u2192 Chemical nickel deposit (Ni\/P) \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Pre-dip for gold \u2192 Thick gold deposit \u2192 Recovery \u2192 Pure water rinse (x2) \u2192 Unload \u2192 Board wash \u2192 Board inspection<\/p><h1 data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1852\">Key step explanations \u2014 simple<\/h1><p data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"2020\">Pre-treatment: The goal is to brush or sandblast the copper to remove oxide. This also roughens the copper surface. Roughing helps nickel and gold stick better later.<\/p><p data-start=\"2022\" data-end=\"2228\">Micro-etch: Use sodium persulfate or sulfuric acid to remove the oxide on copper. Micro-etch also reduces deep scratches caused by brushing. Deep brush marks can help immersion gold attack the nickel later.<\/p><p data-start=\"2230\" data-end=\"2566\">Activation: Copper cannot start the chemical nickel deposition by itself. So first we put a thin layer of palladium (Pd) on the copper. Palladium acts as a catalyst for the nickel deposition. The chemistry uses the fact that copper is more active than palladium. Palladium ions reduce to palladium metal and stick to the copper surface.<\/p><p data-start=\"2568\" data-end=\"2881\">Chemical nickel (Ni\/P): This is a nickel-phosphorus deposit. Its main job is to stop migration and diffusion between copper and gold. It also reacts with solder during soldering to form intermetallic compounds (IMC). In other words, the nickel layer keeps copper from moving into the solder and helps solder bond.<\/p><p data-start=\"2883\" data-end=\"3365\">Immersion gold: Gold protects the nickel from oxidation. Gold does not react in the soldering chemistry. Too much gold can reduce solder joint strength. So the gold layer only needs to cover the nickel well enough to prevent oxidation. If you do Chip On Board (COB) wire bonding, you need a thicker gold layer. For most surface pads, a thin layer around 0.05 \u00b5m (2 \u00b5\") or thinner is common. This thin layer is easy to control and lowers cost compared with electroplated nickel-gold.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3403\">Why ENIG gold is thin and the risk<\/h1><p data-start=\"3405\" data-end=\"3797\">Because ENIG gold is very thin, it only protects nickel from air and corrosion. If the gold is not enough, nickel will contact air and corrode. Or the gold can be over-etched by the acidic gold bath. Both cases can cause \"black nickel\" or \"black pad\". The gold layer may still look shiny by eye. So visual check is not reliable. It is very important to check ENIG PCB quality before assembly.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"3799\" data-end=\"3846\">Black nickel \u2014 how it forms and why it is bad<\/h1><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\">Nickel layer quality depends on the nickel bath formula and temperature control during chemical deposition. The immersion gold step also affects the result. The chemical nickel process uses hypophosphite (sodium hypophosphite) and nickel salts in a self-catalyzed reaction. The deposit includes some phosphorus (P). Studies show that the normal phosphorus content in the nickel deposit should be about 7% to 10%. If the bath is not kept well or temperature control fails, phosphorus content will fall outside this range.<\/p><p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4368\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2805\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-Black-Nickel-Phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"PCB Black Nickel Phenomenon\" width=\"600\" height=\"239\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"4370\" data-end=\"4648\">If phosphorus is too low, the nickel layer becomes easy to corrode. This corrosion often starts from the acidic gold bath attacking the nickel. If phosphorus is too high, the deposit becomes hard. That lowers solderability. It also hurts the formation of reliable solder joints.<\/p><p data-start=\"4650\" data-end=\"4968\">If the nickel deposit has low phosphorus and the immersion gold step is not handled well, the gold layer may crack a lot. During later cleaning, the acidic gold bath can be hard to remove. Exposed nickel will corrode faster in air. This leads to black nickel, also called black pad. Black pad causes bad solder joints.<\/p><p data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"5382\">When black nickel forms, the gold layer on the board surface may still look shiny and gold. So people may think the pad is fine. During high temperature soldering, the gold layer dissolves quickly into the solder paste. The corroded nickel cannot react with molten solder to make intermetallic compound (IMC). This lowers the reliability of the solder joint. Joints then crack easily under small external forces.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"5384\" data-end=\"5428\">Phosphorus-rich layer \u2014 formation and harm<\/h1><p data-start=\"5430\" data-end=\"5808\">In ENIG, the metal that alloys with solder is the nickel. The typical intermetallic compound (IMC) is Ni3Sn4. Phosphorus in the nickel does not join the metal compound. But phosphorus is present in the nickel deposit and it is spread evenly. When nickel reacts and forms IMC, leftover phosphorus gathers. It concentrates at the edge of the IMC and forms a phosphorus-rich layer.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\">If the phosphorus-rich layer is too thick, its strength is low. When a solder joint sees stress, the weakest spot breaks first. Often the phosphorus-rich layer is that weak spot. Then the solder joint reliability falls.<\/p><p data-start=\"5810\" data-end=\"6029\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2806\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Phosphorus-rich-layer-phenomenon.webp\" alt=\"Phosphorus-rich layer phenomenon\" width=\"574\" height=\"440\" \/><\/p><p data-start=\"6031\" data-end=\"6503\">This is worse in high-heat lead-free processes. If process control is poor, IMC gets thick. More IMC means more leftover phosphorus. So the phosphorus-rich layer grows. The result is a higher risk of solder joint failure. The phosphorus-rich layer can be seen as a dark band between the IMC and the nickel. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) shows this band has very high phosphorus content. Many failure cases show the phosphorus-rich layer causes joint cracking.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"6505\" data-end=\"6560\">How to prevent black nickel and phosphorus-rich layer<\/h1><p data-start=\"6562\" data-end=\"6733\">Both black nickel and phosphorus-rich layers are hidden defects. Normal visual checks can miss them. But if we know their causes, we can use good controls to prevent them.<\/p><p data-start=\"6735\" data-end=\"6752\">For black nickel:<\/p><ul data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"7187\"><li data-start=\"6753\" data-end=\"6876\"><p data-start=\"6755\" data-end=\"6876\">Maintain the nickel plating bath and keep temperature stable. This helps keep nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6877\" data-end=\"6963\"><p data-start=\"6879\" data-end=\"6963\">Maintain the acidic gold bath. If the gold bath is too corrosive, adjust it in time.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"6964\" data-end=\"7043\"><p data-start=\"6966\" data-end=\"7043\">Control the pre-treatment well. Avoid deep brush lines. Remove residues well.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7044\" data-end=\"7133\"><p data-start=\"7046\" data-end=\"7133\">Control activation and rinses so palladium seeding is uniform and nickel deposits well.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7134\" data-end=\"7187\"><p data-start=\"7136\" data-end=\"7187\">Control immersion gold time so gold does not crack.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"7189\" data-end=\"7273\">For users and buyers, check ENIG quality before assembly. There are several methods:<\/p><ol data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7829\"><li data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7456\"><p data-start=\"7278\" data-end=\"7456\">Use scanning electron microscope (SEM) to look at the pad surface. Check if the gold has cracks. Use EDS to measure phosphorus ratio in the nickel. This gives a clear micro view.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7458\" data-end=\"7653\"><p data-start=\"7461\" data-end=\"7653\">Manual solder test. Hand-solder typical pads, then measure pull or shear strength of the joint. If pull strength is much lower than normal, black nickel may exist. This test is easy and quick.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"7655\" data-end=\"7829\"><p data-start=\"7658\" data-end=\"7829\">Acidic gas corrosion test. Expose ENIG samples to acidic gas. If powder forms or the surface discolors, it means the gold layer has cracks. That shows likely black nickel.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"7831\" data-end=\"8035\">Out of these, the second method is most convenient and fast. It is simple to do. With these checks you can find problems before assembly. That reduces the number of boards that fail later and lowers loss.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8037\" data-end=\"8076\">Controlling the phosphorus-rich layer<\/h1><p data-start=\"8078\" data-end=\"8443\">To reduce the phosphorus-rich layer, keep the nickel-phosphorus ratio in the right range in the deposit. Also control the soldering process. Control solder time and solder temperature. Aim to keep the IMC thickness near the best range of about 1\u20132 microns (\u00b5m). If IMC becomes too thick, more phosphorus will concentrate. That makes the phosphorus-rich layer worse.<\/p><p data-start=\"8445\" data-end=\"8643\">In short, good bath maintenance, temperature control, and precise soldering profiles are key. These steps keep IMC thin and the phosphorus-rich layer small. Then solder joint reliability stays high.<\/p><h1 data-start=\"8645\" data-end=\"8670\">Summary \u2014 simple points<\/h1><ul data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"10113\"><li data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"8780\"><p data-start=\"8674\" data-end=\"8780\">ENIG is electroless nickel followed by immersion gold. It is common in phone PCBA and some BGA carriers.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8781\" data-end=\"8902\"><p data-start=\"8783\" data-end=\"8902\">ENIG is cheaper and simpler than electroplated nickel-gold because it does not need electrical plating or pad wiring.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"8903\" data-end=\"9073\"><p data-start=\"8905\" data-end=\"9073\">Main steps are pre-treatment, micro-etch, activation with palladium, chemical nickel (Ni\/P), and immersion gold. There is also a thick-gold variant for special needs.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9074\" data-end=\"9321\"><p data-start=\"9076\" data-end=\"9321\">Chemical nickel blocks copper-gold migration and helps form solder IMC. Immersion gold protects nickel from oxidation. Gold is thin and only needs to protect nickel. Too much gold hurts solder strength. For wire bonding (COB) use thicker gold.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9322\" data-end=\"9503\"><p data-start=\"9324\" data-end=\"9503\">Black nickel (black pad) happens when nickel has wrong phosphorus content or when gold layer cracks. Black nickel can hide under shiny gold. It causes poor soldering and cracks.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9504\" data-end=\"9707\"><p data-start=\"9506\" data-end=\"9707\">Phosphorus-rich layers form near the IMC edge when nickel contains phosphorus. Thick IMC and poor process control make this worse. The phosphorus-rich layer lowers joint strength and causes cracking.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9708\" data-end=\"9867\"><p data-start=\"9710\" data-end=\"9867\">Prevent problems by keeping nickel bath and gold bath well maintained, controlling temperature, avoiding deep brush marks, and controlling solder profiles.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"9868\" data-end=\"10005\"><p data-start=\"9870\" data-end=\"10005\">For quality checks use SEM\/EDS, manual solder pull tests, or acid gas corrosion tests. Manual solder pull is the fastest and easiest.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"10006\" data-end=\"10113\"><p data-start=\"10008\" data-end=\"10113\">Keep IMC thickness near 1\u20132 \u00b5m in lead-free processes to lower the risk of phosphorus-rich layer failure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>","display_condition_list":[{"display_condition_login_status":"subscriber","_id":"59fd57a"}]},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<section class=\\\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-pbqz7o7 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\\\" data-id=\\\"pbqz7o7\\\" data-element_type=\\\"section\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-background-overlay\\\"><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7882748\\\" data-id=\\\"7882748\\\" data-element_type=\\\"column\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc6712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"9fc6712\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Frequently Asked Questions<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"631b990\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-widget-container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Why choose ENIG over other finishes?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1031\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"1\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1031\\\"><p>ENIG gives a very flat, planar surface, good shelf life, and reliable solderability for fine-pitch components and BGA pads. It\\u2019s often chosen for surface-planarity sensitive assemblies.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are the main advantages of ENIG?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1032\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"2\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1032\\\"><p>Flatness (good for fine-pitch and BGA), good corrosion resistance, consistent solderability, and long storage\\\/shelf life compared with some organic finishes.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">What are common concerns or downsides with ENIG?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1033\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1033\\\"><p>One known issue is \\u201cblack pad\\u201d (nickel corrosion) when the nickel-phosphorus layer is improperly processed; this can affect solder joint reliability. Proper vendor process control and QA reduce the risk.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Is ENIG suitable for gold fingers or edge connectors?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1034\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1034\\\"><p>Not usually\\u2014ENIG\\u2019s gold layer is very thin and primarily protective. For frequent mating\\\/unmating or edge connectors, hard (electroplated) gold over nickel is recommended.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Can ENIG be used with fine-pitch BGAs and micro-BGA?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1035\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1035\\\"><p>Yes. ENIG\\u2019s flatness and planarity make it a good choice for fine-pitch components and BGA solderability when the process is qualified.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1036\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"6\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1036\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">How should I specify ENIG on my fabrication notes?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1036\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"6\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1036\\\"><p>State the finish as \\u201cENIG (electroless nickel \\\/ immersion gold)\\u201d and include any required acceptance criteria (e.g., nickel\\\/gold class, surface roughness, or special plating notes) so the fabricator knows your expectations.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1037\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"7\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1037\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Does ENIG change assembly processes?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1037\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"7\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1037\\\"><p>Assembly teams should treat ENIG like other noble finishes: use normal reflow\\\/soldering profiles, but coordinate if you require via-in-pad filling, special cleaning, or if you plan wave soldering near ENIG areas.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-accordion-item\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1038\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-title\\\" data-tab=\\\"8\\\" role=\\\"button\\\" aria-controls=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1038\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\\\"><svg class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 512 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<a class=\\\"elementor-accordion-title\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">How does ENIG compare with ENEPIG and ENIG alternatives?<\\\/a>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"elementor-tab-content-1038\\\" class=\\\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\\\" data-tab=\\\"8\\\" role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"elementor-tab-title-1038\\\"><p>ENEPIG (electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold) adds a palladium layer between nickel and gold to improve wire bonding and contact reliability in some cases. Choose finish based on mating cycles, bonding needs, and budget.<\\\/p><\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/section>\\n\\t\\t\",\"scripts\":[],\"styles\":[]}}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-2398.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-2398.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"ENIG stands for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. People also call it chemical nickel immersion gold. It is a surface finish [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2398"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3420,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2398\/revisions\/3420"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}