{"id":3585,"date":"2025-09-30T01:35:28","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T01:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=3585"},"modified":"2025-09-30T05:59:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T05:59:09","slug":"via-size-backdrill-high-speed-pcb-rules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/via-size-backdrill-high-speed-pcb-rules\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, Khoan l\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 PCB t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u1ed7 via l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp (PCB). Trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, chi ph\u00ed khoan chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 30% \u0111\u1ebfn 40% t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean PCB \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 via. V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu xem x\u00e9t quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: l\u1ed7 vias m\u00f9, l\u1ed7 vias ch\u00ecm v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 vias xuy\u00ean qua (l\u1ed7 vias xuy\u00ean l\u1ed7). L\u1ed7 vias m\u00f9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) v\u00e0 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u1edf l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 vias m\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7. L\u1ed7 via ch\u00f4n ng\u1ea7m l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. C\u1ea3 l\u1ed7 via m\u00f9 v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 via ch\u00f4n ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u00ean trong b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e9p laminate, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng (through via). L\u1ed7 n\u00e0y xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m l\u1ed7 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n. V\u00ec l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang thay v\u00ec l\u1ed7 m\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 ch\u00f4n. Trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb \u201cvia\u201d \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Three<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao quy m\u00f4 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via bao g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 khoan \u1edf gi\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng pad xung quanh l\u1ed7 khoan. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 via. Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung k\u00fd sinh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 via s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 via kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu nh\u1ecf v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh khoan v\u00e0 m\u1ea1. L\u1ed7 c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, th\u1eddi gian khoan c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u v\u00e0 m\u0169i khoan c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m. Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1ed7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh m\u0169i khoan, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t PCB s\u00e1u l\u1edbp th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y (\u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1ed7 via) kho\u1ea3ng 50 mil. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoan xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u kho\u1ea3ng 8 mil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n dung k\u00fd sinh c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung k\u00fd sinh v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 D2, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ed7 via l\u00e0 D1, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) l\u00e0 T v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 \u03b5, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n dung k\u00fd sinh x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 via l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C = 1,41 \u00d7 \u03b5 \u00d7 T \u00d7 D1 \/ (D2 \u2212 D1)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec7n dung c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec7n dung ph\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 50 mil. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 via l\u00e0 10 mil v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh pad l\u00e0 20 mil. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa pad v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 32 mil. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u03b5 = 4,4, ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C = 1,41 \u00d7 4,4 \u00d7 0,050 \u00d7 0,020 \/ (0,032 \u2212 0,020) \u2248 0,517 pF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n dung n\u00e0y l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi gian t\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 55 ohm, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi gian t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch 10%\u201390% do \u0111i\u1ec7n dung n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T10\u221290 = 2,2 \u00d7 C \u00d7 (Z0 \/ 2) \u2248 2,2 \u00d7 0,517 \u00d7 (55 \/ 2) \u2248 31,28 ps\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n dung k\u00fd sinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian t\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 via khi chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m k\u00fd sinh c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec7n dung ph\u1ee5, l\u1ed7 via c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 via th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n dung ph\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n bypass v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 d\u1eabn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L = 5,08 \u00d7 h \u00d7 [ ln(4h \/ d) + 1 ]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • L l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • h l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • d l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    T\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m, trong khi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean v\u1edbi h = 0,050 v\u00e0 d = 0,010, ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    L = 5,08 \u00d7 0,050 \u00d7 [ ln(4 \u00d7 0,050 \/ 0,010) + 1 ] \u2248 1,015 nH\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 1 ns, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    XL = \u03c0 \u00d7 L \/ T10\u221290 \u2248 \u03c0 \u00d7 1,015 nH \/ 1 ns \u2248 3,19 \u03a9\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Khi c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ee9c tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng n\u00e0y. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n bypass \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n v\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n hai l\u1ed7 vias. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 vias s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn bypass n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    T\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n dung v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 via, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong>
      H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed l\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-\u0111un b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 l\u1edbp, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ed7 vias c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 10\/20 mil (l\u1ed7 khoan\/\u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac) l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 vias k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 8\/18 mil. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 vias nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 vias c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n<\/strong>
      Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u1ea1ch m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Tr\u00e1nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/strong>
      H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbp. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e0ng \u00edt l\u1ed7 vias c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng<\/strong>
      \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn gi\u1eefa l\u1ed7 vias v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u00e0y h\u01a1n cho ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong>
      H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e3y linh ho\u1ea1t. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong. Khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t cao, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u1edbn tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u2014 nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in bao g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n: ch\u00ednh l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3, v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac xung quanh l\u1ed7, v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ly l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n (kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t xung quanh l\u1ed7 via).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 k\u00edch c\u1ee1<\/strong>
        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 0,25 mm \/ 0,51 mm \/ 0,91 mm (l\u1ed7 khoan \/ pad \/ c\u00e1ch ly ngu\u1ed3n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 0,20 mm \/ 0,46 mm \/ 0,86 mm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Khu v\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch ly ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>
        Khu v\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch ly ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7 via tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c D1 = D2 + 0,41 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh pad b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 0,41 mm. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp<\/strong>
        Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e1n m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n<\/strong>
        C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>
        H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb l\u1ed7 via \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn. H\u00e3y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      6. N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias g\u1ea7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbp<\/strong>
        Th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i n\u01a1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ng\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ed7 via l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 via. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via xuy\u00ean qua l\u1edbp tr\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ed7 via b\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Khi s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 5 mm. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ed7 via th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi 2,0 mm \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7 via. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ed7 via l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2,0 mm, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng. Khi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ed7 via l\u00e0 1,0 mm ho\u1eb7c \u00edt h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 via t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 0,20 mm \u0111\u1ebfn 0,30 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        Khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        1. Backdrilling l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        Khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc khoan \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1ed7 s\u00e2u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 12 l\u1edbp, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1edbp 1 v\u1edbi l\u1edbp 9. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta khoan m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi m\u1ea1. L\u1ed7 via \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 1 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp 12, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp 1 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp 9. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1eeba t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 10 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp 12 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eeba. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1eeba n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eeba n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta khoan n\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t sau \u2014 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc khoan th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng khoan h\u1ebft t\u1eebng ch\u00fat m\u1ed9t, v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u0169i khoan c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u00e1nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb B, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb B t\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 50 \u03bcm \u0111\u1ebfn 150 \u03bcm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \"backdrilling\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        2. T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ecm ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ch \u1ea9n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua (via) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, t\u00e1n x\u1ea1, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c g\u00e2y ra \u201cs\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng\u201d t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec chip, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua (through vias) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          4. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PCB. Khi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i khoan ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n vi m\u00f4 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch cho m\u00e1y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y s\u1ebd khoan xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          5. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          a. T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc khoan \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (l\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean).
          b. Sau khi khoan l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y m\u1ea1 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng m\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 che c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.
          c. V\u1ebd m\u1eabu l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in.
          d. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ea1 theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1 theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, h\u00e3y x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng kh\u00f4.
          e. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 khoan \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u1ec3 khoan b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1 c\u1ea7n khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.
          f. Sau khi khoan l\u1ed7 ph\u00eda sau, h\u00e3y r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 khoan \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ee5i khoan v\u00e0 c\u1eb7n b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          6. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch khoan l\u1ed7 sau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch khoan l\u1ed7 sau \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. S\u1ed1 l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 2,5 mm tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          5. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          6. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u0169i khoan th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u2265 0,3 mm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          7. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u00edt; b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea3ng k\u1eb9p cho c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 l\u1eafp \u00e9p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          8. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,2 mm so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          9. Dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng \u00b10,05 mm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          10. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp M, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i t\u1eeb l\u1edbp M \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp M\u22121 ph\u1ea3i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0,17 mm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            \"backdrilled<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
            7. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 khoan ph\u00eda sau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch khoan l\u1ed7 sau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed y t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Do qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch n\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, trung t\u00e2m R&D ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias tuy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n dung v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u1eabn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n bypass. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 vias ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 vias, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc pad v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n dung. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 vias ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 10\/20 mil l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y th\u1eed k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 8\/18 mil. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n\/n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n m\u1ecfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5u do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • H\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn h\u1ed3i ng\u1eafn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 d\u1eabn d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e2y th\u1eeba g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t cao, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c pad tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ed7 via c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian khi g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
              A via is one of the key parts of a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB). In many boards, drilling costs 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