{"id":3616,"date":"2025-10-14T06:25:30","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T06:25:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=3616"},"modified":"2025-10-17T05:38:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T05:38:14","slug":"how-should-pcb-circuit-boards-be-laid-out","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/how-should-pcb-circuit-boards-be-laid-out\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd?"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-design\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3488\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/a>, Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch in. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n sao cho ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Duy tr\u00ec m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng xung quanh c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m ngay tr\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch PCB ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 mm. Trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 mm kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00f3i chung, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t pad h\u00e0n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-layout.webp\" alt=\"Component layout\" class=\"wp-image-4013\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-layout.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-layout-300x105.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi theo c\u00e1ch g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 giao nhau. Gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u1ea7n nhau c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 200 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i mm. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf cao, h\u00e3y t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-placement-direction.webp\" alt=\"Component placement direction\" class=\"wp-image-4015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-placement-direction.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-placement-direction-300x150.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chi\u1ec1u cao l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u cao l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 5 mm so v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 cao, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 va \u0111\u1eadp t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang, \u0111\u1ed5 ng\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"Component Assembly\" class=\"wp-image-4012\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-Assembly.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-Assembly-300x105.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch PCB s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng linh ki\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn sao cho ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng so v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ee5c gi\u00fap gi\u1eef c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pad v\u00e0 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00ean c\u00e1ch nhau m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n. Khi u\u1ed1n c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean u\u1ed1n ngay t\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi u\u1ed1n\u2014\u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 mm\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng th\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 hai ki\u1ec3u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB): l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecdc (th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng) v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngang (n\u1eb1m ngang). L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngang c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n song song v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PCB. L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PCB. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang linh ho\u1ea1t khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap khi b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-Mounting-Methods.webp\" alt=\"Component Mounting Methods\" class=\"wp-image-4014\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-Mounting-Methods.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Component-Mounting-Methods-300x105.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng (l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfm \u00edt di\u1ec7n t\u00edch bo m\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 radio c\u1ea7m tay v\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ee3 th\u00ednh. Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m tay nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng rung. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngang (n\u1eb1m ngang)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngang mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch tr\u00f4ng g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngang l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch. L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh: b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong hai \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ri\u00eang l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 do. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Irregular-Component-Arrangement.webp\" alt=\"Irregular Component Arrangement\" class=\"wp-image-4017\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Irregular-Component-Arrangement.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Irregular-Component-Arrangement-300x120.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n gi\u00fap c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n song song ho\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n sao cho song song ho\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang khi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t theo chi\u1ec1u ngang. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n theo ki\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n trung b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n theo ki\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean do \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c pad linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t pad h\u00e0n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a pad h\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a pad h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pad h\u00e0n n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a pad (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 m\u1ea1) kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n m\u00e9p b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 2,5 mm ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n. T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a pad \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u00e9p b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Standard-Coordinate-Grid.webp\" alt=\"Standard Coordinate Grid\" class=\"wp-image-4018\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Standard-Coordinate-Grid.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Standard-Coordinate-Grid-300x150.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pad n\u00ean n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.utmel.com\/blog\/categories\/pcb\/introduction-to-pcb-layout-principles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC<\/a>, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 2,54 mm (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 2,5 mm). C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m 1,27 mm ho\u1eb7c 0,635 mil (1,25 mm ho\u1eb7c 0,625 mil). C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, khoan t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoan th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, ngo\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n IC song song, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c pad v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch pad \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e2m pad kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Flexibility-in-Component-Arrangement.webp\" alt=\"Flexibility in Component Arrangement\" class=\"wp-image-4016\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Flexibility-in-Component-Arrangement.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Flexibility-in-Component-Arrangement-300x120.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) t\u1ed1t. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, h\u00e3y chia to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ch theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 d\u00f2ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, h\u00e3y b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed d\u00f2ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i) ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o\/ra g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed xung quanh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng transistor ho\u1eb7c IC l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan xung quanh n\u00f3. Xem x\u00e9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n: \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch in, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb, nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>EMI th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n bao g\u1ed3m s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch ly c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau. Ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u1eabn nhau. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9p c\u00e1ch ly kim lo\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n RF, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch cho k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn g\u00e2y \u1ed3n. T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 220 V) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u1ebfu d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n DC d\u00e0i, h\u00e3y th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nhi\u1ec5u 50 Hz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf cao, h\u00e3y t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a transistor NPN ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a transistor c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c thu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf cao. V\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u00e2m ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec5u nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec5u. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao, g\u1ea7n v\u1ecf m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ed1t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c khe th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n nhau. Xem x\u00e9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o khung m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), h\u00e3y trang b\u1ecb cho ch\u00fang t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch xa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 transistor, IC v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c gia nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng (bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1edbn, transistor ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t), kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). N\u00ean g\u1eafn ch\u00fang v\u00e0o khung m\u00e1y khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cong b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 connector kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 15 g v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u00e0n. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, k\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 200 mm \u00d7 150 mm, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u00eam khung c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c thanh gia c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gian cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, \u1ed1c v\u00edt \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sao cho kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi n\u00fam \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n sao cho d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 tay \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao c\u1ee7a CRT \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch in theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c k\u00e9m, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec5u ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng tr\u00f4ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch in th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chia m\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i theo d\u00f2ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u1eadt ng\u1eafn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ef1 tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gian cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ch\u1eafn kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c khung m\u00e1y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xa kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed d\u00e2y c\u00e1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u00e9p bo m\u1ea1ch, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 3 mm t\u1eeb c\u00e1c pad linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e9p bo m\u1ea1ch; kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb t\u00e2m pad \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e9p bo m\u1ea1ch \u2265 2,5 mm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (2,54 mm ho\u1eb7c 2,5 mm).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pad kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u1eb7ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c thanh gia c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c khung cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m l\u1edbn (&gt; 200 \u00d7 150 mm).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho RF \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq uagb-faq__outer-wrap uagb-block-8c5f044e uagb-faq-icon-row uagb-faq-layout-accordion uagb-faq-expand-first-true uagb-faq-inactive-other-true uagb-faq__wrap uagb-buttons-layout-wrap uagb-faq-equal-height\" data-faqtoggle=\"true\" role=\"tablist\"><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-166caa47\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn (vias) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), cho ph\u00e9p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n qua gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-edca6e14\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua, l\u1ed7 m\u00f9 v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 ch\u00f4n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>L\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean qua \u0111i qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, l\u1ed7 vias m\u00f9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong, v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 vias ch\u00f4n gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-uagb-faq-child uagb-faq-child__outer-wrap uagb-faq-item uagb-block-5cc2d238\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"uagb-faq-questions-button uagb-faq-questions\">\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M432 256c0 17.69-14.33 32.01-32 32.01H256v144c0 17.69-14.33 31.99-32 31.99s-32-14.3-32-31.99v-144H48c-17.67 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.33-31.99 32-31.99H192v-144c0-17.69 14.33-32.01 32-32.01s32 14.32 32 32.01v144h144C417.7 224 432 238.3 432 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-icon-active uagb-faq-icon-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox= \"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 288h-352c-17.69 0-32-14.32-32-32.01s14.31-31.99 32-31.99h352c17.69 0 32 14.3 32 31.99S417.7 288 400 288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"uagb-question\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc via \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a PCB?<\/span><\/div><div class=\"uagb-faq-content\"><p>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias l\u1edbn h\u01a1n d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u01a1n.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PCB Component Layout Principles In PCB layout design, the placement of components is critical. 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