{"id":4041,"date":"2025-10-18T03:36:05","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T03:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4041"},"modified":"2025-10-18T03:36:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T03:36:07","slug":"do-you-want-to-build-your-own-pcb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/do-you-want-to-build-your-own-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n, quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1edbp ch\u1ed3ng, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n m\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. PCB l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eef c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, pad v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho t\u1eebng l\u1edbp PCB: l\u1edbp in, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n, l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Standard-PCB-board.webp\" alt=\"Standard PCB board\" class=\"wp-image-4045\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Standard-PCB-board.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Standard-PCB-board-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PCB khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 kh\u00ed bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ecf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9ng-m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng IoT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PCB c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i (Dk), h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5n hao, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng halogen v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh RoHS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In l\u1ee5a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Silkscreen l\u00e0 l\u1edbp in logo, ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p in l\u01b0\u1edbi. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a silkscreen l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng (ID). C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Silkscreen.webp\" alt=\"Silkscreen\" class=\"wp-image-4046\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Silkscreen.webp 600w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Silkscreen-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Hai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in l\u1ee5a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng (LPI)<\/strong>M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n in t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ef1c kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng tia UV.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In \u1ea5n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (DLP)<\/strong>Inkjet in \u1ea5n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ef1c acrylic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn UL, quy t\u1eafc chung l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi m\u00e0u n\u1ec1n. M\u00e0u tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 m\u00e0u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Hi\u1ebfm khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u in l\u1ee5a tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 h\u00e0n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n (soldermask) l\u00e0 l\u1edbp polymer ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i xanh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a PCB, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n h\u00e0n di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n bu\u1ed9c h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t mong mu\u1ed1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed9 ra nh\u01b0 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n annular v\u00e0 pad SMD. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n c\u0169ng c\u00e1ch ly c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u00e0n, kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Different-colors-of-solder-mask.webp\" alt=\"Different colors of solder mask\" class=\"wp-image-4042\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Different-colors-of-solder-mask.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Different-colors-of-solder-mask-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u che h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Epoxy l\u1ecfng<\/strong>: L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i epoxy nhi\u1ec7t r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p in l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 h\u00e0n d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 in \u1ea3nh (LPSM)<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u1ef1c UV-curable, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. LPSM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 che ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u00e0ng h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 in h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng phim kh\u00f4 (DPSM)<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, phim kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Phim kh\u00f4 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1eb3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng (CCL)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m laminate ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng, hay CCL. CCL c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/strong>: m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m STD (lo\u1ea1i E, m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n), ANN (lo\u1ea1i E, m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7), v\u00e0 AR (lo\u1ea1i W, c\u00e1n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n<\/strong>L\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb FR4, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i composite s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh gia c\u01b0\u1eddng epoxy, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh epoxy ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y. \u201cFR\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \"flame retardant\" (ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"542\" height=\"544\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/fr4.webp\" alt=\"fr4\" class=\"wp-image-4044\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/fr4.webp 542w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/fr4-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/fr4-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch hai l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c hai m\u1eb7t, h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (CCL) c\u00f3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch hai m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf gi\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1eb5n. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t khi th\u00eam l\u1edbp l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u01a1n = ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u01a1n = chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u01a1n khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c bo m\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, nh\u1eb9 d\u00e0nh cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a CCL (Conductorless Cladding Layer), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp in m\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng epoxy c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Getek, Megtron, 4000-13 v\u00e0 fr-408 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi fr4 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i (Dk) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5n hao (loss tangent). C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 Asahi Glass A-PPE, Nelco 600-21 Si v\u00e0 Rogers 4350 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u jitter cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u CCL linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb polyimide (PI) ho\u1eb7c polyester mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch linh ho\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh RoHS nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao h\u01a1n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u CCL kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng clo v\u00e0 brom \u1edf m\u1ee9c 900 ppm ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u CCL kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec thay th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn DICY \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u FR4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn PN s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn phenolic, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ghi ch\u00fa cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PCB \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FR4 cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i laminate cao c\u1ea5p khi c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n hao. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf linh ho\u1ea1t, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn CCL linh ho\u1ea1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PI ho\u1eb7c polyester. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p in m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed pad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a trang web v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho trang web n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In any design work, you will meet many rules and choices. You must think about component placement, routing practice, stackup 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