{"id":4048,"date":"2025-10-18T07:50:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T07:50:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4048"},"modified":"2025-10-18T07:51:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T07:51:00","slug":"pcb-warpage-and-bow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-warpage-and-bow\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 cong v\u00eanh v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n cong c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong ho\u1eb7c cong v\u00eanh. N\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bong ra, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh PCB g\u00e2y ra. Ti\u1ebfp theo, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh. H\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh c\u1ee7a PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n SMD. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u00e1y l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. Sau khi linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0n, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft g\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba v\u1edbi v\u1ecf m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ed5 c\u1eafm. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eafp r\u00e1p coi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (SMT) \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IPC quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 cong t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 linh ki\u1ec7n g\u1eafn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 0,75%. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh ki\u1ec7n g\u1eafn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 1,5%. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 cong t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 0,5% ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 0,3%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau khi ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. Khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn c\u00f9ng nhau, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u00e9p l\u1edbp, khoan l\u1ed7, c\u1eaft, s\u1ea5y v\u00e0 h\u00e0n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m l\u1edbp n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Khi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha th\u1ee7y tinh (Tg), v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd m\u1ec1m \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng vias<\/a>. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7 vias: l\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean qua, l\u1ed7 vias m\u00f9 v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 vias ch\u00ecm. Khi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. S\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong ho\u1eb7c cong v\u00eanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"pcb<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ki\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f2 h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thanh \u0111\u1ee1 \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng xu\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f5ng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb cong ho\u1eb7c u\u1ed1n cong trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n sau khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Reflow<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u r\u00e3nh ch\u1eef V v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e9p g\u1edd tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m panel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V-Cut l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m panel. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p V-Cut l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m panel. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb c\u1eaft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1eaft V-Cut s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ebft c\u1eaft V-Cut tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m panel s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 cong v\u00eanh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"pcb<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u00f5i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u prepreg v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u00f5i v\u00e0 l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (CTE) c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n FR-4 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (CTE) kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi FR-4, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t theo tr\u1ee5c Z d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha (Tg) kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha (Tg). Tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha (Tg), nh\u1ef1a tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha cao (Tg) \u00edt b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 gi\u1eef h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c l\u00f5i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu hai l\u00f5i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (CTE) ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u prepreg v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Khi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00ean co l\u1ea1i \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p m\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p l\u1edbp, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u prepreg ch\u1ea3y ra, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i. Khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u prepreg v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c l\u00f5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ef1 do. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp s\u1ebd d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nhau. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u00f5i gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sau khi \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00f3. Khi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 co ng\u00f3t v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB g\u00e2y ra c\u1ea3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p l\u1edbp. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 nung. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng trong quy tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • T\u1ea5m laminate ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o: C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y \u00e9p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf, sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 ra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p l\u1edbp: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t. Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), m\u1eabu m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u prepreg c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khoan, c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ef1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 150\u00b0C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha th\u1ee7y tinh (Tg) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 Tg th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 trong l\u00f2 nung ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong do tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c do lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00f2. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • L\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0n kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng (HASL): HASL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t nhanh. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t cao, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Chu tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nhanh n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng vi m\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng cong v\u00eanh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd: C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb cong do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n m\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi 2,0 mm d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng\/l\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha th\u1ee7y tinh cao<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Tg l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha th\u1ee7y tinh. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 Tg, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd m\u1ec1m ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng cao su. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 Tg th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd m\u1ec1m nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ec1m trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n khi nung l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 Tg cao gi\u00fap t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 Tg cao c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 Tg cao th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"high<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    3. T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n nay h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 1,0 mm, 0,8 mm ho\u1eb7c 0,6 mm hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 1,6 mm. B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1n cong v\u00e0 v\u00f5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 cong v\u00eanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. Gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc bo m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Do l\u00f2 h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee1 bo m\u1ea1ch \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng bo m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng xu\u1ed1ng do tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bo m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m. \u0110\u01b0a bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111i qua l\u00f2 v\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh h\u1eb9p h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khay ho\u1eb7c khay ch\u1ee9a Reflow<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) n\u1eb1m ph\u1eb3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch di chuy\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha (Tg) v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 hai m\u1ea3nh k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa hai t\u1ea5m tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi. Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    6. Thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh c\u1eaft h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phay ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u201cv\u1ebft c\u1eafn chu\u1ed9t\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1eaft ch\u1eef V c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n, n\u00ean h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1eaft ch\u1eef V ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thanh n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thanh ray \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y phay. C\u00e1c thanh n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 d\u1eadp gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao cho t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 cong v\u00eanh. Khi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1eaft ch\u1eef V, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1eaft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n khung t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    7. Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (CTE) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng sao cho c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean trong khi b\u00ean kia l\u1ea1i th\u01b0a th\u1edbt. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chia m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    8. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng (x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp theo ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng) gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh. N\u1ebfu v\u00ec l\u00fd do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp sao cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00f5i kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m khu\u00f4n trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    9. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u00e9p m\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u00e9p laminate r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u00e9p, th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u00e9p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t. M\u00e1y \u00e9p n\u00f3ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y \u00e9p n\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ed3ng PCB sang m\u00e1y \u00e9p l\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p laminate, c\u1ea7n x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec7m xung quanh ch\u1ed3ng PCB theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, h\u00e3y th\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng trong m\u00e1y \u00e9p. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m khu\u00f4n sao cho c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (CTE). C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau khi \u00e9p ho\u1eb7c nung sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m khi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp khay l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Khi nung m\u1ef1c ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ef1c in k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau theo c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong do tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch trong l\u00f2 nung ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 30 gi\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t g\u00e2y ra s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    11. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cong ch\u00fang. Tr\u00e1nh x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 trong kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean nhau. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pallet v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e9p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng do t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    12. L\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n (L\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian nung. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, vi\u1ec7c gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n Tg v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 Tg cao, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c in v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m m\u00e1t sau khi nung \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Khi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha th\u1ee7y tinh (Tg) th\u1ea5p, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i do cong v\u00eanh th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 Tg cao. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 Tg cao th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (CTE) th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 Tg th\u1ea5p. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 150\u00b0C s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 Tg th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 cong v\u00eanh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00f5i (n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f5i v\u1edbi nhau) th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa l\u00f5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1edbi l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m ba l\u00f5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c cao h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cong v\u00eanh so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khung b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh. M\u1ed9t khung \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u1edf m\u00e9p b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p l\u1edbp v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng sau khi gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y phay, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khung kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n sau khi gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y phay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p m\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p m\u00e0ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh. C\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y \u00e9p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng. M\u00e1y \u00e9p n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1ed3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ngay b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y \u00e9p s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e1y \u00e9p l\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd sau khi \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed sao cho hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 co ng\u00f3t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Sau khi \u00e9p l\u1edbp, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn th\u1ee9 hai ho\u1eb7c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p m\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n, l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng l\u1edbp in k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, x\u1eed l\u00fd HASL v\u00e0 h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nhanh g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, d\u00e0nh th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, tr\u00e1nh x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cong ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 140\u2013150\u00b0C mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha th\u1ee7y tinh (Tg) c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 Tg cao, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nung n\u00e0y \u00edt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. B\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha th\u1ee7y tinh (Tg) cao n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho ph\u00e9p, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n d\u00e0y h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m sao cho c\u1ea1nh d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1eadm trong l\u00f2 h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khay v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua l\u00f2 nung l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c khay hai m\u1ea3nh cho c\u00e1c bo m\u1ea1ch d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1eaft ch\u1eef V s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y phay ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u00e9p m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u00e9p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e9p n\u00f3ng-l\u1ea1nh khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Tr\u00e1nh x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n l\u00ean nhau ho\u1eb7c \u00e9p ch\u1eb7t ch\u00fang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      N\u1ebfu tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cong v\u00eanh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp m\u1edbi, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u1ee7i ro trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      H\u00e3y x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cong v\u00eanh ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf trong b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u00e9p l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u1eabn b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khung \u0111\u1ee1, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb linh ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Introduction When a printed circuit board (PCB) goes through reflow soldering, it often bends or warps. If the problem is 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