{"id":4223,"date":"2025-11-04T08:07:24","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T08:07:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4223"},"modified":"2025-11-04T08:07:27","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T08:07:27","slug":"pcb-stack-up-design-to-reduce-emi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-stack-up-design-to-reduce-emi\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng PCB \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PCB ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n nhau h\u01a1n tr\u00ean PCB, nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>So v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. L\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn cho ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u duy tr\u00ec tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB cao c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u1edbi h\u01a1n s\u00e1u l\u1edbp. B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c \u00edt l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. Chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Gi\u00e1 PCB ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u1ea3i vi s\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu xem b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c d\u1ea3i vi s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n. L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ly trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 AC. C\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. \u1ede t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. \u1ede t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3i cao t\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 che ch\u1eafn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u1eb1m ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn h\u1ed3i l\u01b0u, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t d\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ly l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec7n dung. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1eb7p hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng r\u00f2ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 che ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n nhau, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau l\u1eabn nhau trong v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian g\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (EMI) r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o do \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m l\u1eabn nhau g\u00e2y ra<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gh\u00e9p c\u1ea3m. Theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3i, hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nhau s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o l\u00ean nhau. Nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec5u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gh\u00e9p K trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u. Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau h\u01a1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec5u t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch ly<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u201cb\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch ly\u201d trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 vias ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1ch ly l\u1ed7 vias kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u1ed1c bi\u00ean ch\u1eadm, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m cao h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI) gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7 via v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n via c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u201ch\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o\u201d. C\u00e1c \u201ch\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o\u201d n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ed7 via v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chia m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng sao cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tr\u01a1n tru. Khi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i chia t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u00e3y b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1edbp l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI). Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 b\u00f9 g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. C\u00e1c t\u1ee5 b\u00f9 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ng\u1eafn g\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m. C\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ng\u1eafn gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng tham chi\u1ebfu n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ea1ch microstrip ho\u1eb7c stripline. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1eb7p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u vi sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p vi sai v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p d\u00e2y vi sai c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng tham chi\u1ebfu v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng vi sai \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u vi sai gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chung n\u1ebfu c\u1eb7p d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. C\u1ea7n gi\u1eef c\u1eb7p d\u00e2y s\u00e1t nhau, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u1edf g\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (EMI) l\u1eabn nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o sang c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp gi\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m theo. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i thu h\u1eb9p chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng. Trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Chi ph\u00ed cho vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i khi b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch ly c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn h\u1ed3i l\u01b0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn g\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch ly g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ng\u1eafn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh chia m\u1ea1ch in d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. 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Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction The information age is here, and PCB use keeps growing. PCB designs are getting more complex. 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