{"id":4634,"date":"2026-01-19T07:35:41","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T07:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4634"},"modified":"2026-01-19T07:35:43","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T07:35:43","slug":"pcb-thermal-management-cooling-and-heat-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-thermal-management-cooling-and-heat-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t PCB \u2014 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u1ed1m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n s\u1ebd h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t bo m\u1ea1ch in m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t, bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ba ngu\u1ed3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 do bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) t\u1ea1o ra. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-design\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3488\">B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/a> s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"699\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Various-PCB-Heatsinks.webp\" alt=\"Various PCB Heatsinks\" class=\"wp-image-4639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Various-PCB-Heatsinks.webp 699w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Various-PCB-Heatsinks-300x258.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Various-PCB-Heatsinks-14x12.webp 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t PCB l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u FR-4 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u2265 1.0 W\/m\u00b7K) ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 l\u00f5i kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c thanh n\u1eb9p nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 W\/m\u00b7K.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng g\u1ed1m. Al\u2082O\u2083 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3ng 24 W\/m\u00b7K. AlN c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3ng 180 W\/m\u00b7K.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 2 oz (kho\u1ea3ng 70 \u03bcm) ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0y h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, h\u00e3y th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 oz. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 b\u1eadc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. M\u1eb9o l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quy t\u1eafc b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00f3ng (MOSFET c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, IC \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n) c\u00e1ch xa nhau. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (tinh th\u1ec3, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i analog-digital) c\u00e1ch xa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 5 mm. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, th\u00eam c\u00e1c khe c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao g\u1ea7n m\u00e9p bo m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00eanh nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>[IC ngu\u1ed3n] \u2192 [M\u1ea3ng l\u1ed7 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t] \u2192 [L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00ean trong] \u2192 [Mi\u1ebfng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea1nh bo m\u1ea1ch] \u2198 [T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb IC \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00ean trong, r\u1ed3i ra m\u00e9p bo m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u0110\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u00f3t \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. L\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 vias.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00e8n \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Metal-Core-PCB-MCPCB-Cooling.webp\" alt=\"Metal Core PCB (MCPCB) Cooling\" class=\"wp-image-4637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Metal-Core-PCB-MCPCB-Cooling.webp 700w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Metal-Core-PCB-MCPCB-Cooling-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Metal-Core-PCB-MCPCB-Cooling-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Th\u00f4ng qua ma tr\u1eadn cho truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 via d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 via ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: 0,3 \u00b1 0,05 mm. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via: 1,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 via. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 5 \u00d7 5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1n:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 vias \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vi m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00ean h\u01a1n 40%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias \u0111i qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, h\u00e3y th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t sau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. L\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5p bo m\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ea5p bo m\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt M3 v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 1 mm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n (<a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcba-manual-soldering-best-practices\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4614\">M\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 h\u00e0n<\/a> (c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u giao di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th><th>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/th><th>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Keo t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><td>1 \u2013 5<\/td><td>\u0110i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf nh\u1ecf (&lt; 0,1 mm)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><td>3 \u2013 12<\/td><td>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh (0,2 \u2013 1 mm)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha<\/td><td>5 \u2013 8<\/td><td>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng<\/td><td>15 \u2013 80<\/td><td>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u giao di\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khe h\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00eda sau b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 mm kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng xung quanh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n cao.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3D.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 85 \u00b0C kh\u00f4ng.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1ee7i ro nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng: ANSYS Icepak, FloTHERM XT, Simcenter FLOEFD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Ghi ch\u00fa quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pad. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00e9o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0n s\u00f3ng, h\u00e3y b\u1ecbt k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c che ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea3y h\u00e0n qua.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha cao (Tg \u2265 170 \u00b0C) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng cong v\u00eanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u1ebfu m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t &gt; 0,05 W\/cm\u00b2, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i linh ki\u1ec7n (T_j) d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 80% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chip ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 CPU v\u00e0 FPGA, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ma tr\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>T_j = T_a + \u2211(P_i \u00d7 \u03b8_ji)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3 T_j l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i, T_a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, P_i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n i, v\u00e0 \u03b8_ji l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i j. L\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u03b8_ji t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a chip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. L\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00ednh bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n PCB th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea3i s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng epoxy ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea3i s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh ph\u1ee7 phenolic. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bo m\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bo m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00f3ng, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a PCB \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 QFP v\u00e0... <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-assembly\/bga-assmebly\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1921\">BGA<\/a> D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). V\u00ec v\u1eady, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh bo m\u1ea1ch in. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 bo m\u1ea1ch in d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn g\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean bao b\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa g\u00f3i linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n: \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00ean trong.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"459\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCB-Thermal-Simulation.webp\" alt=\"PCB Thermal Simulation\" class=\"wp-image-4638\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCB-Thermal-Simulation.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCB-Thermal-Simulation-300x172.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCB-Thermal-Simulation-768x441.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/PCB-Thermal-Simulation-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y th\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng cho t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n. Tr\u00ean m\u1eabu th\u1eed, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qu\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. L\u01b0u \u00fd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 quy t\u1eafc b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn bo m\u1ea1ch. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ea3ng l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u giao di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1eabu th\u1eed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i linh ki\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong datasheet. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For people, a body that is too hot makes them sick. For electronics, parts fail when they get too hot. 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