{"id":4685,"date":"2026-01-27T08:21:43","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T08:21:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4685"},"modified":"2026-01-27T08:21:46","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T08:21:46","slug":"pcb-substrate-classification-and-material-properties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-substrate-classification-and-material-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n PCB v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gia c\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh khung x\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn cho ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i PCB theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n m\u1eb7t, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 Bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m n\u1ec1n PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n m\u1ec1m. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n c\u1ee9ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i laminate gi\u1ea5y ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng, laminate gi\u1ea5y epoxy ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 laminate s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh epoxy ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a phenolic ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a epoxy l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea3i th\u1ee7y tinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ki\u1ec1m l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u1ed1. Sau khi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c laminate c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 IPC-4101<\/strong> (Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan. IEC<\/strong> c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch UL 94<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 NEMA LI-1 \/ FR-4<\/strong> Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m composite s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh-epoxy. Khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt IPC (k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1ef1a, v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh IEC \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong kho v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 T\u1ea5m composite s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh ph\u1ee7 epoxy m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u1edbp laminate n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a epoxy l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp laminate gi\u1ea5y. H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i \u03b5 cho FR4<\/a> V\u00e0 FR5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 4,3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4,9. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. FR4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 130\u2103, c\u00f2n FR5 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 170\u2103. Ch\u00fang \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"fr4\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.2 T\u1ea5m li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh epoxy cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp (Prepreg)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1ea3i th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9m s\u1eb5n nh\u1ef1a epoxy \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n B. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp. Ch\u00fang k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp<\/a> Ho\u1eb7c gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 m\u1eabu d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n hai l\u1edbp l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Sau khi \u00e9p laminate, ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u00e2m t\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea3i th\u1ee7y tinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ki\u1ec1m v\u1edbi epoxy. Nh\u1ef1a epoxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n B. Sau khi \u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, epoxy \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in \u0111a l\u1edbp c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ef1 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft (ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m laminate ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y. Ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 do c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y nh\u1ecf. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.4 B\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng PTFE (Teflon)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch PTFE ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PTFE (Teflon) l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n hao \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5n hao (tg\u03b4) \u1edf m\u1ee9c 10\u207b\u00b3. Ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) d\u00f9ng trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao v\u00e0 vi s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch PTFE c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang \u00edt c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp cao tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n PCB PTFE th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Rogers, Taconic, Arlon, Metclad v\u00e0 GIL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5 M\u1ea1ch in c\u00f3 l\u00f5i kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 PCB l\u00f5i kim lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PCB n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m, thay v\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) l\u00f5i kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau t\u00e1n cao. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cao. L\u1edbp n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1eafn nhi\u1ec5u. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 Bergquist v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n 51 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.6 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch in linh ho\u1ea1t (Flexible PCB)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bo m\u1ea1ch in linh ho\u1ea1t<\/a> C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e1n l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00ean m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a m\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"flexible<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(1) M\u00e0ng polyester. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb 80\u2103 \u0111\u1ebfn 130\u2103. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) M\u00e0ng polyimide. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n. Sau khi s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n an to\u00e0n. M\u00e0ng polyimide lo\u1ea1i keo th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf 150\u2103. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyimide s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FEP l\u00e0m m\u00e0ng trung gian v\u00e0 keo d\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf 250\u2103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) M\u00e0ng ethylene propylene fluorinated (FEP). Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi polyimide v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i th\u1ee7y tinh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m, axit v\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n PCB l\u00e0 t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea3nh, l\u1ed7 via nh\u1ecf, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, l\u1ed7 via \u1ea9n v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 via ch\u00f4n. Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho PCB m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao (HDI) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp (BUM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh epoxy ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed9 cong v\u00eanh, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5n hao \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh epoxy ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T4725.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn in v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Quy t\u1eafc chung l\u00e0: l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e0ng d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn in s\u1ebd h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. Khi chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean PCB, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 35 \u03bcm, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,15 mm. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 18 \u03bcm, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,1 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

6.1 L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n bo m\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

PCBs th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u1eafp v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, c\u00e1c g\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c cung tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 100 mm \u00d7 100 mm) n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn. Khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e3y gh\u00e9p ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.2 \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ki\u1ec7n, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a connector, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, h\u00e3y th\u00eam c\u00e1c thanh gia c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c khung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p cho ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi 300 mm \u00d7 250 mm, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1,6 mm. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y tr\u00ean 2 mm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 4 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.3 D\u00f2ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, tham kh\u1ea3o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB9315 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Trong t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in c\u1eafm v\u00e0o (plug-in PCB) c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea1nh (edge connectors) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PTFE khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 suy hao th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ki\u1ec3m tra chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bo m\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bo m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 l\u00f5i kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch in linh ho\u1ea1t, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i polyimide ho\u1eb7c FEP t\u00f9y theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf HDI, h\u00e3y l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp s\u1edbm. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1edbp khi c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 vias \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f4n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p l\u1edbp, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u00eam ch\u00fa th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u prepreg s\u1ebd do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, tr\u1eeb khi c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m prepreg c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Abstract This paper explains the classification, material choice, technology trends, design rules, and processing standards for printed circuit boards (PCBs) 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