{"id":4688,"date":"2026-01-28T07:05:56","date_gmt":"2026-01-28T07:05:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4688"},"modified":"2026-01-28T07:05:59","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T07:05:59","slug":"make-your-pcb-more-reliable-with-vias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/make-your-pcb-more-reliable-with-vias\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 vias."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/what-considerations-to-make-multi-layer-pcbs\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4209\">Bo m\u1ea1ch in nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp<\/a> (PCBs) gi\u00fap m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm \u00edt kh\u00f4ng gian h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong. Vias l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau. Vias l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vias v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t PCB \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Via l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00ean l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu l\u1ed7 via \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 via khi m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00ednh: l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua xuy\u00ean qua, l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00f4n ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua (vias) \u0111i qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u. Khi m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n, l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias ch\u00f4n ng\u1ea7m \u0111i qua hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng. Khi m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0 l\u1ed7 vias ch\u00f4n ng\u1ea7m \u0111i qua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 m\u00f9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao (HDI) v\u00e0 bo m\u1ea1ch in linh ho\u1ea1t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng (via) kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 microvia. Microvia c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khoan ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng tia laser. M\u1ed7i microvia th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c microvia l\u00ean nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qua, l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng m\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng ch\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-a-via-is.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-a-via-is.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-a-via-is-300x175.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-a-via-is-768x447.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/What-a-via-is-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc Via<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn (via) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n khi kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 khoan t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 20 mil, v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n annular c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 7 mil v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 6:1. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7. N\u1ebfu tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, l\u1ed7 via s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng l\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (CTE) gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n trong PCB h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf theo m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 co l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u laminate FR4 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ho\u1eb7c co l\u1ea1i nhanh g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i khi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong l\u1ed7 via s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0y, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m g\u00e3y \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 khoan 20 mil, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh pad 34 mil l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u1edbi pad n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 120 mil l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00fat ch\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ed7 via quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1eb7t l\u1ed7 via qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi pad c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n lan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi h\u00e0n ch\u00ec l\u00ean l\u1ed7 via v\u00e0 pad, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mao d\u1eabn s\u1ebd k\u00e9o ch\u00ec t\u1eeb pad v\u00e0o th\u00e2n l\u1ed7 via. Ch\u00ec di chuy\u1ec3n qua l\u1ed7 via v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn pad c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 \u00edt ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ec n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd h\u00fat ch\u00ec nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt ch\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ec. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u00e0ng che h\u00e0n:<br>\u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 h\u00e0n gi\u1eefa l\u1ed7 via v\u00e0 pad. L\u1edbp m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n, ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho h\u00e0n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 via. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n di chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ed7 via xa h\u01a1n kh\u1ecfi pad. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ed7 via.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng:<br>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ed7 via ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam l\u1edbp che ch\u1eafn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che ph\u1ee7 l\u1ed7 via b\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp che ch\u1eafn h\u00e0n. Che ph\u1ee7 l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp che ch\u1eafn h\u00e0n l\u00ean l\u1ed7 via \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 via \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecbt k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecbt k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 via l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 via \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ebfu l\u1edbp che ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7 via:<br>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean n\u00f3. Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 b\u1ecbt k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. L\u1ed7 via \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c BGA, ho\u1eb7c khi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n (solder mask dam) khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ed7 via m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng gian. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n ch\u00ec (tenting) khi kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n ch\u00ec c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n k\u00edn (filling), nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 vias \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. L\u1ed7 vias \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7 vias l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 via n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn RF c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng. V\u1ecf l\u1ed7 via v\u00e0 pad l\u1ed7 via l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n dung v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u khi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng.<a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/step-by-step-hdi-pcb-blind-and-buried-via-process\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4673\"> Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HDI)<\/a> V\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vi m\u1ea1ch (microvias) c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, h\u00e3y l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 th\u00f9ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c xen k\u1ebd trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf HDI \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 th\u00f9ng duy nh\u1ea5t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc pad ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea1ch in kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ed3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c trong chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HDI v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch linh ho\u1ea1t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea3ng HDI v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-manufacturer\/flexible-pcb\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1901\">Bo m\u1ea1ch in linh ho\u1ea1t<\/a> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u microvias. Microvias c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c. M\u1ed7i microvia th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y khoan laser \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng microvias \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf. Khi x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng, microvias ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f4n ng\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch m\u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n cong, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 via tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1n cong ch\u00ednh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ed7 via \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 khi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch u\u1ed1n cong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quy t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 khoan t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u: 20 mil. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 khoan nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng: 7 mil. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng xung quanh l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 khung h\u00ecnh: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf 6:1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1 cao. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0y h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7, l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 th\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh m\u0169i khoan l\u00e0 20 mil, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec7m kho\u1ea3ng 34 mil. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n annular. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 120 mil, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y xem c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vias c\u00f3 n\u1eafp che ho\u1eb7c vias \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra. Vias c\u00f3 n\u1eafp che kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra. Vias \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c pad ki\u1ec3m tra, vias ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 vias g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t pad h\u00e0n, h\u00e3y l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 vias d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t BGA l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t BGA tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n khi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ra v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp (PCB). Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m stress c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u1eeb s\u1edbm. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady gi\u00fap t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 h\u00e0n, che ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua khi m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng microvias cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf HDI v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electronics makers use multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) to make circuits take less space. This lets them put more parts [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4690,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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