C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a PCB, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sai l\u1ec7ch. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c, thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch in \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n Bo m\u1ea1ch in (PCBA) <\/a>V\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 BGA <\/a>Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i MCM, c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ti\u1ebfp theo, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a PCB. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u1ea1nh, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do m\u1ecfi, CAF ho\u1eb7c di chuy\u1ec3n ion, qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. N\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp theo. L\u1eadp b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Logic ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy \u0111o\u00e1n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, h\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c m\u1edbi do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Lu\u1eadt giao th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u1ee7a PCB ho\u1eb7c PCBA. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft PCB, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu h\u1ecfng. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khu v\u1ef1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd li\u00ean quan. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m PCB, \u0103n m\u00f2n, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch n\u1ee9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ki\u1ec3m tra xem h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo l\u00f4 hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u00ean trong l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u00ean trong kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh X-quang. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng X-quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n qua kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a tia X b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia X \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCBA), c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u00ean trong l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 BGA ho\u1eb7c CSP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, nh\u00fang, c\u1eaft l\u00e1t, m\u00e0i b\u00f3ng, \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a PCB. Th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean PCB (nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft l\u00e1t m\u1eabu, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p l\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u00e2m thanh qu\u00e9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao. C\u00e1c s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9, pha v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e9t di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c Z \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng X-Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do \u0111\u00f3, SAM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u00ean trong trong c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in l\u1eafp r\u00e1p (PCBA). N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bong tr\u00f3c, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a SAM \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u00ean trong trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh SAM th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb quy tr\u00ecnh SMT ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec sang quy tr\u00ecnh SMT kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i nh\u1ef1a h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bong tr\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t b\u00ean trong khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (PCB) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, SAM th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in \u0111a l\u1edbp, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t l\u1edbn tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i vi m\u00f4 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ph\u1ed5 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. V\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Trong v\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, ph\u1ed5 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a pad ho\u1eb7c lead. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ph\u1ed5 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i vi m\u00f4 (Micro-FTIR) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u00e9t (SEM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1edbn h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i. C\u00e1c SEM hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u00e9t (SEM) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, SEM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pad, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i thi\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n So v\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc, k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u00e9t (SEM) t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en tr\u1eafng. M\u1eabu SEM ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 m\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c carbon. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1ebd t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quan s\u00e1t. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh SEM c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i thi\u1ebfc, SEM l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n DSC \u0111o s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1eabu tham chi\u1ebfu trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian. DSC nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n DSC c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch PCB, DSC ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha th\u1ee7y tinh (Tg) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c polymer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong PCB. Hai th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a PCB trong c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc gia c\u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n TMA \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh vi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 gel d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh vi nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch PCB, TMA ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111o hai th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha th\u1ee7y tinh. N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf l\u1edbn, PCB th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u00e0n kim lo\u1ea1i sau khi h\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n TGA \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, TGA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch PCB, TGA ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PCB. N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, PCB s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bong tr\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin. Sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 tia X v\u00e0 SAM. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc vi m\u00f4 nh\u01b0 micro-FTIR v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 SEM. 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acts as the carrier for many components and as the hub for circuit signal transfer. It has become a […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4698"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4706,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4698\/revisions\/4706"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i vi m\u00f4 (Micro-FTIR)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u00e9t (SEM)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e9p \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sai (DSC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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